Tài liệu tiếng anh THCS ôn thi vào lớp 10

Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
DẠNG 2 : CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU
I. CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN /hiện tại đơn
( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before. ( tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên làm chuyện đó => chưa bao giờ làm chuyện
đó trước đây.
The first time : lần đầu tiên =>Never before : chưa bao giờ
trước đây
2. I started / began studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tôi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này có dạng :
bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian => đã làm chuyện đó for +
khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when
thành since thôi
3. I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV )
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi => không làm chuyện đó từ khi / được
mấy năm
Last : lần cuối =>Since : từ khi / for (được)
4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta
cách đây 2 năm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2
năm nay )
Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi
5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( tôi đã không gặp anh ta được10 năm rồi )

Mẫu này có dạng :
Đã 1 khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối => không làm việc đó được 1
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
khoảng thời gian
6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này có dạng :
when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn => How long : thì dùng hiện tại hoàn
thành
EXERCISES.
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) This is the first time he went abroad. => He
hasn’t……
2) She started driving 1 month ago. => She
has… …
3) We began eating when it started to rain. => We
have……
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her. => I
haven’t…
5) The last time she met me was 5 months ago. => She
hasn’t…
6) It is a long time since we last met. => We
haven’t…
7) When did you have it ? => How long
… ?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal . => I
haven’t…
9) I haven’t seen him for 8 days. => The last
…

10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday. => It is
…
11. I’ve study English for 2 years => I
began
12. It’s two years since I had a holiday. =>
I
13.The last time he came to the cinema was two months ago.=>
He
14. I started the job 6 years ago . -> I have
done
15. I haven’t been to the cinema for 6 years => The last
time
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
16. It’s five years since we last met each other. =>
We
17. The last time I saw him was in June . =>
I
18. The last time I played tennis was in 1990.  I
haven’t
19.I didn't call her up 2 days ago. =>I
haven't………………………
20.Did you finish the test an hour ago?
=>Have………………………………………?
21.I started playing tennis last year.
=>I've………………………………………………
22.He began to use the computer when he was 19. =>He
has…………………………………
23.She didn't learn hard in 2005. =>She
hasn't……………………………

24.Peter watched this film when he came home. =>Peter has…………………………
25.It's a week since I last saw her. =>I haven't …………………………
26.The boys began playing soccer a year ago. =>The boys
have……………………………
27.Did Dad start to work here when I was born? =>Has………………………………?
28.When did you first see her? =>How
long……………………………………?
29.The last time We saw her was 2 months ago =>We haven ‘t
………………………….
30.Tom did not work here when I met him on the street . =>Tom has
…………………………………
31.This is the first time he forgot his bag =>He has
never……………………………………….
32.Children began to play games at 9pm =>Children
have……………………………………
33.When did you first know her ? =>How long
……………………………………?
II.CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA CÁC CẤU TRÚC .
1) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT sang SUCH THAT :(Quá đến nổi mà)
N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => ĐẠI TỪ + BE +SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ +
N + THAT CLAUSE
Ex:The book is so interesting that I have read it many times.=>It is
=> It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times.
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
Nếu danh từ là số ít hoặc không đếm được thì không có a, an
2) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT sang TOO TO :(Quá đến nổi (không thể ) làm gì)
S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => S + BE + TOO + adj +
V(to –inf)
Nếu chủ từ 2 câu khác nhau thì thêm phần “for +O” sau TOO

Ex: The water is so hot that I can't drink it. => The water is too hot for me to drink.
3) ĐỔI TỪ “TOO TO” sang “ENOUGH” :
S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE (not) +ADJ + ENOUGH (for +
O) + V(to-inf)
Cách làm :
- Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough rồi viết lại hết phần sau
Ex: He is too weak to run fast => He isn't strong enough to run fast.
Ghi chú :Trong tất cả các cấu trúc trên nếu chổ BE là V thì ADV sẽ thay cho ADJ
4. Ai đó bỏ ra bao lâu thời gian để làm gì => mất bao lâu thời gian để làm gì.
S + spend +time + V
-ing
=> It + take + O “(ai đó)” + time + V(to
–inf )
5.Thật là (dể / khó / vui / ) để làm gì.
To –inf / V-ing + tobe + Adj / noun => It + tobe + Adj / noun + to-inf
=> S + said / think / know + It + tobe + Adj / noun
+ to-inf
6. Quen với việc gì trong hiện tại .
S + tobe / get + used to + V-ing
7. Thói quen trong quá khứ / thường/đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ
S + used to + V(B-inf)(nguyên mẫu không có
TO
8. V(to-inf) => V-ing và ngược lại.
9. CHUYỂN ĐỔI GIỮA CÁC CÂU YÊU CẦU , ĐỀ NGHỊ
Why don’t we + V (B-inf)
Let’s + V (B-inf)
Can /will + you / I + V (B-inf)
What about + V- ing
Would you mind + V- ing
Do you mind + V- ing

S + suggest + V- ing
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
Would you mind if I + V
2
/ V
- ed
Do you mind if I + V (B-inf)
S + suggest (that) + S + should (not)+ V
(B-inf)
EXERCISE : Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.=> It
is
2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
=> He is
3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
=> It is
4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
=> They are
5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
=> It was
6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
=> It was
7) There is so much rain that we can't go out.=> There is
such
8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.=> He
is
9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
=> It is
10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.

=> It was
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
=> They drunk such
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was
16. When he was young , he usually did morning exercise.
=> He used to
17.John finished his exercises in two minutes .=> It
took
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
18. They want to sit in the sunlight.=> They
enjoy
19. Tom doesn’t play soccer anymore . => Tom
used
20. The flight to Hanoi lasted three houses => It
took
21. He used to do the test in 40 minutes .=> It used to
take
22. Learning English is difficult . => It’s
difficult
23. Last year Nam often went to school late . => Last year Nam used
to
24. My father wants to go to the park in his freetime .

=> My father loves / enjoys /
likes
25. Walking in the rain is very interesting . => I think
it’s
26. He thinks English is easy to learn . => He thinks
it’s
27. Lan loves reading picture books => Lan
wants
28. This exercise is difficult to do . =>
It’s
29. It’s dangerous to drive car fast =>
Driving
30. It’s happy to go on a picnic =>
Going
31.Let’s meet for lunch => She
suggested
32.Why don’t we go to the movie ? => Lan
suggested
33. Why don’t you have your hair cut , Ba ? => Nam
suggests
34.I suggest that we should go to the park => What
about
35. “ Shall we have dinner somewhere after the theater?” => Peter
suggested
36. “Why don’t you take it to the bank ,Nam” said Mary =>
Mayr
37. Let’s buy some flour and make our own bread => Why don’t
we
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10

38. “ Let’s not tell any one ,” said Tom => Tom
suggested
39. Will you give me a pen ? => Do you
mind
40.Can I help you ? => Would you mind if
I
III. CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ƯỚC MUỐN (WISH).
a. Diễn tả mong ước có sự thay đổi ở tương lai
S
1
+ wish + S
2
+ would / could + Bare-infinitive (ng . mẫu không
To
Chú ý : chủ ngữ của wish không giống như chủ ngữ của would
Ex: I wish he would stop smoking . Tôi mong sao anh ấy sẽ ngừng hút
thuốc.
b. Diễn tả mong ước trái với sự thật ở hiện tại / hoặc không xảy ra ở hiện tại.
S + wish + S + Past subjunctive- quá khứ bàng thái ( V
-ed
/ V
2
/
Were )
CHÚ Ý : S + WISH có thể thay bằng If only
EXERCISES.
1. I can’t speak English perfectly. I wish……… ………… ………… ….
……………………………
2. I can’t do this exercise.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
…………………………

3. I don’tknow how to swim.  I wish……… ………….… ………
……………………………
4. The weather is not better today.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
………………………………
4. you don’t like my painting.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
…………………………
5. I have to work on Saturday.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
……………………………
6. you come here late.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
…………………………
7. I will be there soon.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
……………………
8. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……… …………
………… ….……………
9. The dictionary is very expensive.  I wish……… …………
………… ….………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
10. It’s a pity that my room is too small!  I wish……… …………
………… ….…………………
11. She isn’t here.  She wishes ……… …………
………… ….…
12. The students never go abroad.  The students wish ….
…………………………………
13. They cannot eat seafood.  They wish……… ………… ….
……………
14. Their team don’t play very well.  They wish……… …………
………… ….……………
15. Lien never goes on a camping trip.  Lien wishes……… …………
………… …………………

16. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……… … ….
………………………………
17. It’s very cold in the winter here.  I wish……… …………
… ….………………………………
18. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……… ………………
……………………
19. The dictionary is very expensive.  I wish……… …………
………… ….
20. It’s pity that Lan is not here now -> I
wish
21. I want the baby stop crying -> I
wish
22.He is sorry that he doesn’t know her address > He
wishes
23. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon -> I
wish
24. My father isn’t here now . I want him tobe here now. I
wish
25. You are too lazy the teacher wants you tobe more studious. => The teacher
wishes
26. I live in a big city and I don’t like it . => I
wish
27. I feel sick because I eat too much ice – cream . => I
wish
VI. CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (IF):
loaï
i
If Clause (meänh ñeà If ) Main Clause ( m.ñeà
chính )
Meaning (ý nghĩa )

Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
1
If + S + V(s/es) /V(b-inf)
Thì hiện tại đơn
S+ will /can / should/…
+b-inf
Hoặc : S+ V(s/es) /V(b-
inf)
Thì hiện tại
đơn(chỉ một quy luật ,sự
thật ,thói quen )
có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai . Điều
kiện xảy ra như 1 sự cần
thiết , sự cho phép,,sự bắt
buột,…
2
If+S + were/ weren’t
V
2
/V-ed/
(didn’t+V1)
S+Would/Could/Might +
V
1
trái với sự thật ở hiện tại /
hoặc khơng thể xảy ra ở
hiện tại
3 If + S+ had + PP

Q khứ hồn
thành
S+would / might+have+
PP
could /should

trái với sự thật ở q
khứ / hoặc khơng thể xảy
ra ở q khứ
Ex1 : I will stay at home if it rains
If you leave before 10 o’clock, you will catch the train easily
CHÚ Ý : “UNLESS = trừ khi” có thể thay cho “If not” , thường dùng cho loại 1
Ex: If you don’t study hard , you can’t pass the exam.=> Unless you study hard , you can’t
pass
- Nếu câu đề là thì hiện tại - hiện tại / tương lai thì dùng loại 2 + phản nghĩa .
Ex:It is rainy. I can't go to school. => If it weren't rainy, I could go to school.
- Nếu câu đề là thì tương lai - tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (khơng phản nghĩa )
I will go to the store. I will buy you a present. =>If I go to the store, I will buy you a
present.
- Nếu câu đề là : Don’t V…….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là =>If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )
(loại 1)
Ex:Don’t go out or you will get wet. => if you go out, you will get wet.
- Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là :If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )
(loại 1)
Ex:Raise your hand or I will kill you. => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill
you.
Lưu ý :
Nếu trong câu có because , so(= that’s why) thì phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , còn so(=
that’s why) thì ngựoc lại )
1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

=> If……
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If…….
3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If……
4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If……
5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If……
6) I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If……
7) He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If……
8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If……
9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If……
10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
If……
11.You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If____________________________________________
12.There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window.
→ If____________________________________________
13.He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If_____________________________________________
14.I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If_____________________________________________
15.I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.

→ If I___________________________________________
16.She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If_____________________________________________
17.He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If____________________________________________
18.I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If_____________________________________________
19.Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If____________________________________________
20.He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If____________________________________________
21.They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that.
→ If____________________________________________
22.She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
→ If_____________________________________________
23.I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If_____________________________________________
24.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If____________________________________________
25.My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If_____________________________________________
26.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If_____________________________________________
27.The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If_____________________________________________
28.The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If_____________________________________________
29.She loves him so she forgives him easily.

→ If_____________________________________________
30.He was angry so I didn’t say anything.
→ If
IV. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT
1. So sánh bằng.
S+ TOBE /V +AS + ADJ /ADV + AS + N /PRONOUN/
CLAUSE
S + TOBE /V + THE SAME + (N) +AS + N /
(PRONOUN )
Ex: My house is as high as his (house) => My house is the same height as his
Adj noun
Tom is as old as Mary => Tom and Mary are the same age
Adj noun
* Chú ý : Một số tính từ chuyển sang danh từ
Adj Noun
Heavy /light : nặng / nhẹ
Wide / narrow : rộng / hẹp
Deep / shallow : sâu /cạn
Long /short : dài / ngắn
Big / small : to / nhỏ
Old / young : già /trẻ
Weight
Width
Depth
Length
Size
age
2. So sánh hơn
- Tính từ có một âm tiết : S
1

+ tobe / V + Adjective –er /adv
-
er + than + S
2
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
- Tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên: S
1
+ tobe / V + More + Adjective /adv+ than + S
2
3 So sánh hơn nhất
-Tính từ có một âm tiết : S + tobe /V + The + Adj –est/ Adv
–
est
- Tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên: S + tobe /V + The most + Adj / Adv
Note : Một số tính từ bất qui tắc :
Chưa so sánh
So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
Good / well : tốt
Far : xa
Bad/badly :xấu
Many / much :
nhiều
Little : ít
Late :trễ /muộn
Old :lớn / già
Better
Farther/ further
Worse
More

Less
Later
Older
elder
the best
the farthest/ the
furthest
the worst
the most
the least
the latest
the last
the oldest
the eldest
*Các dạng bài tập thường gặp.
1) A hơn B => B khơng bằng A
Ex:Tom is taller than Mary .=> Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary khơng cao bằng Tom
2) khơng ai bằng A => A là nhất
Ex:No one in the class is as tall as Tom. => Tom is the tallest in the class. Tom cao nhất
lớp
Viết lại câu khơng thay đổi nghĩa :
1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary.=> Mary is the
…
2) I haven’t written as much as you.=> You have
written…
3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s.=> Mary’s hair
was…
4) No student in the school is noisier than I am.=> I am the
…
5) The first film was not as interesting as this one.=> This film was

…
6) This house is not so expensive as that one.=> That house is the
…
7) My dog ate more than your dog.=> Your dog didn’t
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
…
8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football.=> Football is
……
9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father.=> Tom’s father is
…
10) Mary is the best cook in this class. => No one else
…
11.I didn’t spend as much money as you
.=>You
12. Tom is the best football player in this
team.=>
13. Lan cooks better than her sister
.=>
14.Nothing is faster than the speed of light.
=>
15. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees . Today it’s only xis degrees.
=> Today
is
16.Mary is as pretty as her sister . => Her sister
is
17. A new house is more expensive than an old house .
=> A new house is
not
18. Nobody is happier than Nam . => Nam

is
19. Today English is the most international language .
=> Today no languages
is
20 . Hoa is more hard-working than Lan .=.> Lan
is
VI. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI
CÁCH DÙNG TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ
Các dạng đề thường cho là :
Cách làm :
- Đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ ngừơi
- Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứơc danh từ
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N
(ngừơi)
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
ví dụ :Tom drives carefully. ( Tom lái xe cẩn thận )
=> Tom is a careful driver.( Tom là một tài xế cẩn thận )
Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ nguời :
Thông thường động từ chỉ việc thêm ER sau động từ. Ex : teach =>teacher
nhưng có một số ngoại lệ sau:
Study => student Type => typist
cycle => cyclist Cook => cook ( không dùng cooker nhé ! )
Play guitar => guitarist
Nếu có động từ play + môn chơi thể thao thì đặt môn chơi trước chữ player:
Play football => football player
EXERCISE.
1) She cooks very well. =>She is a
…… ….
2) My aunt teaches English very well. => My aunt is

… …….
3) He cycles very slowly. => He
is…… …
4) He types carefully. => He is
………
5) These children are quick runners. => These children can
… …
6) My father plays soccer very well. => My father is a
…… …
7) I drive very badly. => I am
a…
8) She sings very beautifully. => She is
a………
9) He works very hard. => He
is…… …
10) Tom swims very fast. =>Tom is
…… …
11. Nam studies very well => Nam is
a
12.Mrs. Hoa is a good teacher =>
She
13. Minh is a good tennis player => Minh
plays
VII.CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though/even though => despite /
in spite of
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF
Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :
Although/ though / Because+ mệnh đề

Despite / in spite of / Because of + cụm từ
Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:
1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:
- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .
Ex:Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.=> Despite / in spite of getting
up late, Tom got to school on time.
2) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ
- Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be
Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain,
3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ :
- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be
Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness,
4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ
- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh
từ
Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite
behavior ,
5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N
- Thì bỏ there be
Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident,
Công thức này cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF
BÀI TẬP 1 :
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.=> In spite of
……
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.=>Because of
…
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite …
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.

=> In spite of …
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of …
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite…
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite …
8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although…
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of ……
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though … …
11.Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.
=> Because of
12.She went to bed early because she felt tired .
=> She went to bed early because of
13.Because it rained heavily, he came late .=> Because
of
14.We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red .
=> We stopped our car because of
15. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot .
=> Because of
16.Althought it rained heavily , I went to school on time .
=> despite / In spite
of
VIII. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ NGUYÊN
NHÂN

VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ .
CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ NGUYÊN
NHÂN “BECAUSE”,MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ”SO” VÀ
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ “Although / though / even
though”
( Sự chuyển đổi qua lại giữa các từ nối : but ,and , so , because = since = as,or
, therefore , however,if, Although / though / even though, )
Ex: * The forecast said it would rain . It turned out to be beautiful day . =>(Although)
=> Although the forecast said it would rain , it turned out to be beautiful day.
* I told the truth. No one would believe me . =>(but)
=> I told the truth but no one would believe me.
* Last night he watched TV late , so he is tired now .=> (Because)
=> Because last night he watched TV late , he is tired now.
* He doesn’t like fish , but he ate it last night . => ( Though)
=>Though he doesn’t like fish , he ate it last night .
EXERCISE.
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
1. Hoa went to visit her grandmother. She worked all day. ( even though )
→…………………………………………………………………………
2. It rained hard. My father went to work. ( though )
→………………………………………………………………………….
3. He has an awful stomachache. He has to go to the doctor . (because)
→…………………………………………………………………………….
4. Lan is very sleepy. She tries to finish her homework. ( Use: although )
-
>

5.Nam felt unwell ,he went on working. (Using “Although’’)
-

>

6.She plays tennis . She plays volleyball .=>
She
7. Are you american? Are you canada ? => Are
you ?
8. I don’t like films . I like comedies . =>
I
9. She left early . she came late =>
Although
10. They came to the bus stop late. They missed the school . (SO)
=>
11. My children couldn’t take part in the trip. The weather was bad .
=>
Because

=> The weather was bad
so
12.He went home late yesterday because he had to finish his report .
=> He had to finish his report
13.You smoke in public places . You’ll be fined. => You’ll be
fined
14.She came home late yesterday . her parents were worry about her
=> Since
15.He drove so fast ;That’s why he caused a serious accident .
=> Because
16.Hurry up or we’ll be late for school . => If
17. There wasn’t enough rain last year, so the crops were not good .
=> The crop
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo

Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
18. Lan eats rery little so as to not put on weight .=> Lan eats rery little
because
19.I felt very tired ,so I went to bed early . => I
went
20. We stopped playing tennis because it started to rain .=> We stopped playing tennis
because of
21.The boy ran out of the house . It started raining .=> The
boy
22.You need to drink a lot of water everyday . You don’t like it. => Even
though
23. She still cried for food . her father gave her some bread. => She
still
24. Although the police ran very fast , He couldn’t catch the thief .
=> In spite of
25. Lan is not a profesional . She plays fencing very well . =>
Despite
26. Nam is interested in sport . He also interested in collecting stamp . => Nam
is
27. We turned all the light on . It got so dark inside the house .
=> We turned all the light on because
of
28. Because the movie was bad , I went to bed early . => Because
of
29. Those fields are not fertile . The farmers don’t fertilize them much .
=> Those fields are
30. The students spent a lot of time doing the project for the Y$ Y club. They wanted to
help the poor .
=> Because
of

IX. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA CÂU NÓI TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU NÓI GIÁN
TIẾP
Khi đổi một câu nói trực tiếp(câu trong ngoặc kép) sang câu nói gián tiếp (bỏ
ngoặc) cần chú ý:
* Đổi ngôi
* Đổi thì “ luôn quá khứ một bậc”
* Đổi trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
Speaker’s words statement Reported
today / tonight that day / that night
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
tomorrow the next day / the following day
yesterday the day before /the previous day
ago / now before / then
next/ on Monday the next/ following Monday
last Monday the previous Monday / the Monday before
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time / two days later
this / these that / those
here there
a- Statements (câu khẳng định & phủ định) :
- S + said + (that) + S + V (quá khứ 1 bậc)
Ex :He said, “I am tired today” -He said(that)he was tired that day
b- Yes- No questions (câu hỏi Yes/no)
-S + asked + O / wondered(tự hỏi/thắc mắc) + if/whether + S + V(quá
khứ 1 bậc)
Ex : They said , “Are you tired , Tom? -They asked Tom if / whether he was
tired
c- Wh- questions :
- S +asked + O/ wanted to know + question word + S + V (quá khứ 1 bậc)
Ex: He said to me, “Why don’t you tell me about that ?”-He asked me why I didn’t

tell him about that
d. Commands & requests:(câu yêu cầu / đề nghị)
-S +asked (yêu cầu )/ told ( bảo)+ O +( not) / To –infinitive (ng .mẫu có To)
e.Advice(Lời khuyên):
-S1+ said ( to + O) + that +S2 + SHOULD + V (B-inf)
-S +advised + O +( not) / To –inf
EXERCISES.
1. “ I’ll see you tomorrow’’ =>She
said
2. “ I saw her today’’ =>She
said
3. “I don’t like this film’’
⇒
She
said
4. “ We went swimming today’’
⇒
She
said
5. “ I’ll meet Mary on Sunday’’
⇒
She
said
6. “ Peter and Sue are getting married tomorrow’’
⇒
He
said
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
7. “I really like this furniture’’

⇒
She
said
8. “ I’m meeting them at four o’clock today’’
⇒
He
said
9. “ I live here with my parents’’
⇒
He
said
10. “ Our new house is beautiful’’
⇒
He
said
11. “ I want to be a teacher of English’’
⇒
He
said
12. “ I can’t speak chinese’’
⇒
She
said
13. “ My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang’’
⇒
He
said
14. “ I’ll be very busy today’’
⇒
She

said
15. “ I must come to the meeting tomorrow’’
⇒
He
said
16.“ These roses are for you’’
⇒
She told
me
17. “ I’m going away tomorrow , mother’’
⇒
He
said
18. “ Nothing can grow in my garden. It never gets sun
⇒
He
said
19. “ It is so foggy today’’
⇒
She
said
20. “ If you answer the questions correctly, you may win us 100
⇒
She
said
21. “ I have to clean the floor today’’
⇒
She
said
22.“ These roses are cut from my garden’’

⇒
My aunt
said
23. “Do you want to buy any second – hand books?’’
⇒
Bill asked
me………………………
24.“Do you play any musical instruments?’’=> Lan asked
me…………………………………
25.“Will you have time to play regularly? ’’=> Bill asked
me………………………………………
26.“Do you play for your school team?’’ => Lan asked
me…………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
27.“Can you speak any other languages?’’
⇒
He asked
me
28.“Are you interested in learning English?’’ => Lan asked
me…………
29.“Is there a phone?’’ => Lan asked
me………………………………………………………………
30.“Do you have many friends?’’
⇒
He asked
me
31.“Do you often get home after 10 .30 p.m?’’ => Lan asked
me……………………………………
32.“Can you speak English?’’ => Lan asked me…………

………………………
33 “Are you working as well as studying?’’
⇒
He asked me
………………………
34 “Are you interested in acting?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
35.“Is there a college orchestra?’’
⇒
He asked me
………………………
36 “Have you seen my car keys?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
37 “Will you come here next week?’’
⇒
He asked me
………………………
38 “Are you hungry?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
39 “Does your brother live in London?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
40 “Do you know who broke the window?’’
⇒
He asked me
………………………
41 “Have you heard yourself?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
42 “Have you finished your exam?’’
⇒
He asked me

………………………………
43 “Do you live near your family?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
44. “Why do you have to do this work?’’
⇒
He asked
me
45.“What are you doing?” => He asked
Lan……
46.“What will you do when you leave school?” => Lan asked
me…………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
47.“How did you know my name?” => He asked
Lan…………………………………………
48.“Why didn’t you phone me?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
49.“When can I see the doctor?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
50.“Where are you going?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
51.“Where are you going to spend the holiday?” => Lan asked me…………
………………
52.“How big are the classes?” => He asked Lan…….………………………………….
………………
53. “What sorts of food do they serve?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
54 “How long are you staying here?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
55. “What are you going to study ?” => He asked Lan…….

…………………………………
56. “What do you think of the canteen coffee?” => Lan asked
me…………
57. “What’s the name of the college?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
58. “How many students are there in the college?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………
59. “Who is the headmaster?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
60. “What country do you come from?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
61. “How long do you stay here?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
62. “How will you use English in the future?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
63. “How far is it to the school?” => Lan asked
me…………………………………………………
64. “How do you go to school?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
65. “Why are you so late?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
66. “How did you get to school?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
67. “Why won’t they let me in?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
68. “Who do you want to talk to?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
69. The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.” The doctor advised me

70. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.” Mary suggested

71 “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said. Bill denied

72. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said. She accused Tom

73 “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary.
 Mary apologized for

74 “I won’t help you with your homework. Never ! ” Jane said to me.
 Jane refused


75. Joe said, “Please come to my party.” Joe invited

76. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street.” Mr. Gray warned the children not
77. “Would you like to come on a picnic with us? They invited
78. “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.” He asked
79. “If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.” She threatened
80. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” John promised
81. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” She advised

82. “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.” They reminded
83. “Stay away from me.” Tom warned

84. “Why don’t we sing a few songs?” He suggested

85. “You can’t run out of the garden,” Ms. Kelly said to the children.
 Ms. Kelly prevented the children

86. “Are you the new manager, Daisy? Congratulations!” said Bill.
 Bill congratulated

87. “Please give me some more money, Mum,” Daisy said.
 Daisy insisted her mother

Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
88. “You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.” Jim told us
89. “I’ve been spending a lot more time with my children.” He said
90. “John left here an hour ago.” She told me

91. “Oh, I’m too hot.” He said

92. “Are you enjoying yourself?” He wanted to know

93. “What’s the weather like?” She asked me

94. “Will Ted and Alice be at the party?” She asked us

95. “Does Ann always go to church on Sundays?” He wondered
96. “How can I solve the problem?” I wanted to know

97. “Did you study hard for the exam?” She asked

98. “What did you think of the performance yesterday? She asked me
99. “Sit down, Mary’’ -> the teacher
told
100.“Don’t go near the sea , children’’ -> She asked her
children

101.“Don’t be late ,Jim’’, -> Jim’s father
told
102.“Be quiet, children’’ -> the teacher
told
103.“Open the door ,please’’ -> the teacher told
Nam
104“Hurry up,’’ -> He told
me
105“Do this test again, please’’ -> the teacher asked
Lan
106“Don’t make noise in class’’ -> the teacher asked her
students
X. CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG.
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
§éng tõ chÝnh cđa c©u chđ ®éng ë th× nµo th× tobe ph¶i chia ë th× ®ã
- Khi ta khơng xem người thực hiện hành động là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ
đi. ( eg. he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
TENSE (THÌ) ACTIVE(CHỦ ĐỘNG) PASSIVE(BỊ ĐỘNG)
SIMPLE
PRESENT
(Thì hiện tại
đơn)
S + V-s/es + O
S + am /is /are + P.P + BY + O
Present
continuous
(thì hiện tại tiếp

diễn )
S + am /is /are + V-ING
S+ am/ is/ are + being + p.p + by. O
Present perfect
(hiện tại hoàn
thành)
S + have/has + p.p + O
S+ have/has + been + p.p + by + O
Simple past
(quá khứ đơn )
S+ V-ed/V
2
+ O
S+ was / were + p.p +by + O
Past continuous
(quá khứ tiếp
diễn)
S+ was/were + V-ing+ O
S+was /were + being +p.p + by +O
SIMPLE
FUTURE
(tương lai đơn)
S + will/ shall +V + O
S + will/shall + be + p.p +by + O
Modal verb
(động từ khiếm
khuyết)
S+ can/ must/ tobe going to /
should /
ought to/used to… + V + O

S+ can/must/ tobe going to /should /
ought to /used to…+ be +p.p +by+O
2-Special cases
a. Active: S
1
+ V
1
( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
Passive:
It said that he is crazy
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo