unit 11language focus

Warmly welcome to our class
Thursday, Feb 24
th
, 2011

shrimp

3
spring

Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS

I. Pronunciation:
/ rʃ / /spr/ /spl/
Shrimp spring split
Shred spray splash
Shrill spread spleen
Shrine sprightly splutter





pronunciation
pronunciation


1. They were all
1. They were all

shrieking
shrieking
with laughter.
with laughter.
2. He
2. He
shrugged
shrugged
(his shoulders), saying he didn’t
(his shoulders), saying he didn’t
know and didn’t care.
know and didn’t care.
3. My dad hates
3. My dad hates
shrimp
shrimp
paste.
paste.
4. What a
4. What a
splendid
splendid


spring
spring
day!
day!
5. The stream
5. The stream

splits
splits
into three smaller streams at
into three smaller streams at
this point.
this point.
6. The house has a narrow front, but it
6. The house has a narrow front, but it
splays
splays
out
out
at the back.
at the back.
PRACTICE READING THESE SENTENCES

II. GRAMMAR:
II. GRAMMAR:
RELATIVE CLAUSES
RELATIVE CLAUSES


REPLACED BY
REPLACED BY
PARTICIPLES
PARTICIPLES


OR
OR

TO INFINITIVE
TO INFINITIVE

1. Examples:
A. Relative clause replaced by past participle(V3/V-ed):
Ex 1: The song which was written by him was very
famous.
-> The song written by him was very famous.
Ex 2: The boy who was attacked by the snack still
survived.
-> The boy attacked by the snack still survived.
Ex 3: The girl who was given the highest prize is one of my
best students.
-> The girl given the highest prize is one of my best
students.
=> Passive

1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.




The ideas
The ideas
presented
presented
in that book are interesting.

in that book are interesting.
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the
country.
country.




I come from a city
I come from a city
located
located
in the southern part of the country.
in the southern part of the country.
3. They live in a house that was built in 1980.
3. They live in a house that was built in 1980.




They live in a house
They live in a house
built
built
in 1980.
in 1980.
4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were
4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were
extraordinary

extraordinary




The photographs
The photographs
published
published
in the newspaper were
in the newspaper were
extraordinary.
extraordinary.
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of
Chicago was successful.
Chicago was successful.




The experiment
The experiment
conducted
conducted
at the University of Chicago was
at the University of Chicago was
successful.
successful.

6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the
6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the
government.
government.






They work in a hospital
They work in a hospital
sponsored
sponsored
by the government.
by the government.


2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using V3/ Ved:
( N + WH + be + P.P…….  N + P.P… )

1. Examples:
B. Relative clause replaced by present
participle (V-ing):
Ex 1: The man who is driving his car is very generous.
-> The man driving his car is very generous.
Ex 2: The children who attended this class were homeless.
-> The children attending this class were homeless.
Ex 3: You’ve all met a famous man who runs very fast.

-> You’ve all met a famous man running very fast.
=> Active

1
1
. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.




The boy
The boy
playing
playing
the piano is Ben.
the piano is Ben.
2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?




Do you know the woman
Do you know the woman
coming
coming
towards us?
towards us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.




The people
The people
waiting
waiting
for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making
progress.
progress.




The scientists
The scientists
researching
researching
the causes of cancer are making
the causes of cancer are making
progress.
progress.
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.





The fence
The fence
surrounding
surrounding
our house is made of wood.
our house is made of wood.
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.




We have an apartment
We have an apartment
overlooking
overlooking
the park.
the park.
2.EXERCISE : Rewrite the sentences using V-ing
(N + WH + active V …  N + V-ing …)

C. Relative clause replaced by To Infinitive
(To_V):
1. Examples:
a,The first, the second, …., the last, the only:
Ex 1: He was the last man that left the room.
->He was the last man to leave the room.

Ex 2: Ngoc is the only one who can solve this problem.
-> Ngoc is the only one to solve this problem.



b,Superlative:
b,Superlative:



the + adj + est ( the cheapest, the tallest, ect)
the + adj + est ( the cheapest, the tallest, ect)
Ex 3
Ex 3
:
:
She is the tallest girl that can reach the top shelf.
She is the tallest girl that can reach the top shelf.


-> She is the tallest girl to reach the top shelf.
-> She is the tallest girl to reach the top shelf.



the most + adj (the most beautiful, the most popular,
the most + adj (the most beautiful, the most popular,
ect)
ect)
Ex 4

Ex 4
:
:
This is the most expensive shirt that is sold in the
This is the most expensive shirt that is sold in the
store.
store.


-> This is the most expensive shirt to be sold in the
-> This is the most expensive shirt to be sold in the
store.
store.

KEYS
KEYS
1.
1.


John was the last man
John was the last man
to reach
to reach
the top of the mountain.
the top of the mountain.
2.
2.



The first person (for us)
The first person (for us)
to see
to see
is Mr. Smith.
is Mr. Smith.
3.
3.


The last person
The last person
to leave
to leave
the room must turn off the light.
the room must turn off the light.
4.
4.


This is the second person
This is the second person
to be killed
to be killed
in that way.
in that way.
5.
5.



The first person
The first person
to catch
to catch
the ball will be the winner.
the ball will be the winner.
2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using To_V:
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the
mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the
light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.

MORE EXERCISES:
MORE EXERCISES:
Choose the best option
Choose the best option
ANSWERS: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A
1.Who’s the girl that is waiting outside?
A. to wait B. waiting C. waited
2. Don’t let me be the last who knows your decision.
A. to know B. knowing C. known
3. The man who was caught by the police last night was a notorious
criminal.
A. to catch B. catching C. caught
4. The man who saved me from the lake was very brave.
A. to save B. saving C. saved
5. Ha mlet is a tragedy which was written by Shakespeare.

A. to write B. to be written C. writing
6. The next train which leaves the station is to London.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left






1. Have you read the book that was written by Nguyen
1. Have you read the book that was written by Nguyen
Du?
Du?
2. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
2. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
city is called Number 1.
city is called Number 1.
3. This is the second novel which was written by this
3. This is the second novel which was written by this
famous writer.
famous writer.
4. The man who sat next to me on the train looked
4. The man who sat next to me on the train looked
gentle.
gentle.
5. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt
5. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt
opened a new period in human development history.
opened a new period in human development history.
6. I knew then that I was not the first person who came

6. I knew then that I was not the first person who came
as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the house.
as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the house.
Exercise 2: Reduce these sentences by using
participles or to infinitives:

KEYS:
KEYS:
1. Have you read the book written by Nguyen Du?
2. The road connecting Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city
is called Number 1.
3. This is the second novel to be written by this
famous writer.
4. The man sitting next to me on the train looked
gentle.
5. The steam engine invented by James Watt opened
a new period in human development history.
6. I knew then that I was not the first person to come
as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the
house.