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Past Modals for Deduction
There are 10 questions in this quiz. Read the grammar explanation below.
1. Which sentence is NOT a correct sentence?
Erin can have missed the train.
Erin must have missed the train.
Erin may have missed the train.
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Past Modals for Deduction
Use and Form:
The following modals can be used to guess what happened in the past.
must have + past participle verb
Use this when you make a guess about the past, and you are almost certain that your guess is
correct.
‘The chickens have escaped! How did they get out?’
‘They must have got out under the gate. There is no other way out.’
may have + past participle verb
might have + past participle verb
could have + past participle verb
Use this when you make a guess about the past, but you are only suggesting one possibility. You
are not certain you are correct.
‘The chickens have escaped! How did they get out?’
‘They may have got out under the gate, or they might have escaped through this hole in the
fence.’
may not have + past participle verb
might not have + past participle verb
Use this when you make a guess about what didn’t happen in the past, but you are only
suggesting one possibility. You are not certain you are correct.
‘Where’s John? Why isn’t he at the meeting?’
‘He may not have got the message.’ / ‘He might not have received the message.’