Tiểu luận môn biểu diễn tri thức và suy luận ỨNG DỤNG MÔ HÌNH HỆ LUẬT DẪN GIẢI BÀI TOÁN TAM GIÁC

LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

 !"#$%&'()
*+*,*-./01')023
45*+*-.!"#$67$
8,9*56:1*,;'
*<1*,;'*30=!>?9@9$
5A*30=B6<'32
C&0DE!
>FG*< 90=02#
?#G9<3!HA'*<)*3
0=#3+#3#8C*<%&'(E$'
I*J#0K)A6*JL#G
?4*,!
>&0DI#5/G#G 9
#5'85M?N2)#8O9DD
#M50@;49?)8&0D!
LỜI CẢM ƠN
P<0='4'3#2*/;)
Q#R;S"T!>?D2 9;2U*,I
9DD#<0=G450K*<%&'(*+
0,<0=$2**,50@#I;VW!"HX
>7Y*+9UBG5A
#*<#I@#'?9ZR[\657;2*G9
L#O*6B'#/25/G#
G!
>?*-?,?*?$X,'(
$I%&'85A*GMHX>7Y!
Y#B%'85*G*$@]^8*+'I
X,$*32I#8*!
"V!R_ZTS$[`7a[bc

Y8
Y=Y;R#
MỤC LỤC
"9D
d8*M
d85
SD'D
^c^
Chương 1: GIỚI THIỆU ĐỀ TÀI
1.1. LÝ DO CHỌN ĐỀ TÀI
P#8*'3#3'?9YV^R0'@6
0DG#*8!e#*625/G#
6< 90D#=$A#575!
P2@*6$540'354L^L@$*-
?5/G##6$*f'#G23
I'?5408#G/5#?4
5!
e#*690D540*<5#8*'3
?*6<;**,2!
"gMG)%+3#<$UUI
?$*66939MI*I#3=$
*_8?G*,;<3#G
#6<52TOGL^L$5
/G*-;*:hW5#8*540i!
1.2. MỤC TIÊU ĐỀ TÀI
j Y2#8*2T@5/G*!
j "<540k354LkL0K*<
5#3'?9#6!
j l90D5403999*<5#8
*!

j Z*f&540*<5#8*!
j QG'4*%
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^m^
Chương 2: TỔNG QUAN VỀ TRI THỨC VÀ BIỂU DIỄN TRI
THỨC
2.1. TRI THỨC
"'<G3'N#*6!S30@*,G
*G':
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^n^
j ")Dk9#L0L0#o'L0L:SI55/G3
*!d#@*599*<3I#*6!
Z0@)D2<''4$G',$'-)
D!
j "#k0L'L0#o'L0L:Z#G3**,
G#!d#@#_9<*5$0?0@
p*-'#* #f!"#B6<'30
p*-I5*M*)*,3
#*6!
j 2kL#o'L0L:SI5!d#@
 9';T,9#5/G3
*!Z2&0D*<*q/55
/G*?'49'4657#
!
j "LkL#o'L0L:SI5hr#i*<0s0UG
'49'4!"L1;'I@0#I*5
5###T%G/55/G*!Z28
0K#;$'4$t*6< 
L*<4#5/G3#!

j "6 kL0#o'L0L:SI5L# !
d#@I5IJ/L#/*<)
2$#_$#*,O0=5
7'20L# %*-!
Y#0@*,*492$819Aa
'#@:
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^u^
j "8kL%9'#o'L0L:e=*@I
$0=#*JA!Z6<<0=I#
;$)D8$#f!P#_I$0
'$#$75$'*+*,9!"
8*,*fG94'(G$5
/G*$'$0'$!
j "Mk#o'L0L:Z6*,v#)
gA$T)/$#_<G2*#$
$'5$w7$!!!Q6#*J#fx?8!
Zq6<;*,g88/2MB#3#5
8#*6!"M'2/*G4$/
$$Iv0D$tw46CyE$
T/GC#o^#oE!
2.2. BIỂU DIỄN TRI THỨC
P<0=CQ#o'L0LzL9LL#E'999#9{9+
6#)!
P<0='3**,/A#5#;4
'sTA@#!"##;4$8/A*G'
%&'(I!Z1#TA@#$D2T''
##6<%&'( *@*,I#
8!Z2TA@#*+,'(G<0=
Ig#;4!

2.2.1. Bộ ba Đối tượng – Thuộc tính – Giá trị (Object-Attribute-Value)
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
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2.2.2. Mạng ngữ nghĩa (Semantic Networks)
2.2.3. Khung (Frames)
2.2.4. Logic
Z999<0=2*A*6,*<
*-!SX999q<0=*,3T@)#
M*,<0=#0D*0@8#_
g*5*G6 9@9$T#?
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
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/'4*-$'2*0@#_5*-T's*-',$'4
0sL$!!!!
S3G94*,&0D'G,9999<0=
*+6?9<*-*<@#3I<0=
??9@#_0@G*0@$
GI<0=6<*,&0D''I
D#GG$394'45#*3BG
G9M#0)!
2.2.5. Mô hình một đối tượng tính toán (C-Object)
SI*,*%HX>7Y#I'4GN
#;:hXây dựng hệ tính toán thông minh: Xây dựng và phát triển các mô hình
biểu diễn tri thức cho các hệ giải toán tự độngi!
S3Z^}~L6<*,I633:
(Attrs, F, Facts, Rules)
#*6:
j •'49,93T)*,!
j €'49,9/0=T#!
j €'49,9T6)*,!

j z'L'49,9'40=2'2/*G3
TB'2/*G5A*,!
>T0D:H,CZ^}~LEh"•S•W‚•Zi*,<0=L#I2
_6:
j •ƒ„W#•$W#P$W#Z$$$$$$$$$$9$9$9$$
9$z$$$$…
j €ƒ„W#•†W#P†W#ZƒV$‡CW#PEƒ‡CW#•E$ˆaƒˆa†
ˆa^a‡‡‡#CW#•E$!!!…
j €ƒ„…
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^b[^
j z'Lƒ„„W#•ƒW#P…⇒„ƒ…$„ƒ…⇒„W#•ƒW#P…$„ˆaƒ
ˆa†ˆa…⇒„W#•ƒ9‰a…$„W#•ƒ9‰a…⇒„ˆaƒˆa†ˆa$⊥…$!!!…
Q5##0=T#23Z^}~L%A0
45T,9Š'#GGX,5#G,9?
G;G!"2$X'#@Z^}~L%{2
q<*,39M6TD3#0D#
G)#83'N39@G#*6
8#_'#@*,?/
!
2.2.6. Mô hình cơ sở tri thức các đối tượng tính toán (COKB)
SI*,*%HX>7Y#I'4GN
#;:hXây dựng hệ tính toán thông minh: Xây dựng và phát triển các mô hình
biểu diễn tri thức cho các hệ giải toán tự độngi!
"#I$#/T#16'42
'#@!‹*AI95q6'#@T#*,
/A5#1*49*G/23
T2*,!SI@Z^}~LJ/Š#3
999<0=0@#J/#Z^
}~L$'#GGI*5#, 95##

5#I!
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^bb^
Chương 3: MÔ HÌNH HỆ LUẬT DẪN
3.1. KHÁI NIỆM
R'40s#_349,9/UG^,9?@#
3I%&'(I#3I'2/*G<0=!
R'40s633T*f'#66T9K,9#*<6<
I*,!"gI*Mq0K*<5/G*$'4
0s*+9<'236<I)#
8T@#;!
R'40s'3I%&'($#_349,9/U
C*,;''40sE!SX'4_9M:9M*9M*3!Œ
N)'4'** $3*3Š*,!R+
%L%{3T0D*5*A?'40s*<I5)3
'!
j d4b:G*3•a[ŽZ^•4G*3'!
j d4a:G*3•a[ŽZ^•UG*3'!
Q*3#91Fa[ŽZ$9M*)'4b* $
G*#*3*3D<L#'4#4G*3'
!Q*32a[ŽZ$'4aŠ*,UG*3'!
ZK?$2U%*-3/I5)3
*#*3!
S3'40s#I6'4$4T5
'4!R#@*3L#<•!"?G3'46**,
#5Š*,%*-$*6'4Š*,!"8*3Š
*J@@@0#*63'4?*
)6Š*,#5$1/'@*,'f9'@!
3.2. MÔ HÌNH BIỂU DIỄN TRI THỨC HỆ LUẬT DẪN
SI<0=)'40s_69MTC€$

z'LE!"#*6€#_9<qD#*6$
1z'L_'40s60@hytLt!i
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
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j ZG)T0D@$$O6•$P$Z$9$0T$
*8#$$t!*#€ƒ„$$$•$P$Z$9$$$$$
t…
j Z'4T0D:G66•$6P66Z$t*#
z'Lƒ„b:„•$P…^•„Zƒ9k•kP…t…
3.3. TỔ CHỨC LƯU TRỮ
QG'•L# )€6<0D
 0'9JG$yL$'L$t
>T0D3J':Š'490@L%6 :
€!%z'L!%!"#*6 )X49:
j €!%
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3.4. CƠ CHẾ SUY LUẬN TRÊN LUẬT DẪN
>?3'40sQƒ„€$z'L…#?!W5&6349
W"*+%*-$%{349D2Qd!Z6<*,Qdg
49W"I$G*,Qd*,g'4#’

GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^b`^
j 0=G
d/'4%9g3*M$%*-
6<*,g!>T0D:"#T0D2G*M6
•$P!"6<Z8'4zb
j "450=G:
Pb: W45GD2)#!
Pa: Q@#'85'X!
P`: Q<D2!‚yD2*9L##P\
Pc: YGD2##o'46<9
?!
Pm: ‚yI*,'4L0gI*,'85
Pn: ‚yPcIL4I'4#'85
?#5G*,9g'4!
Pu: W##Pc
P\: "*,'85#0'4#'#
j 0='K:
d/'4,%9g3*M$G
*+““!>T0D:"#T0D2G*MM
Z!"%L#'4Z*<#*+6#*!YG
*,G 1I*,'@,'2*?*+
Z!‹*A8'4zb*,•$P**+#?!
j "450='K:
Pb: W5&D2* !
Pa: VD2#!
P`: Q<D2#!‚yD2*9L##P\
Pc: "'46<9?
Pm: ‚yI*,'4L0gI*,'85
Pn: ‚yPcIL4I'4#'85

?#5G*,9g'4!
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^bc^
Pu: W##Pc
P\: "*,'85#0'4#'#
3.5. TỐI ƯU LUẬT
"49'4#3657g$K'U9#fA
s!eN2'6<*J'X#80K*#
4!"3fJ/'3
#6C86/I8E$
#?@0?0@'4$s634#*5*<
'#@F*:
j z ;G95:
•”P•”ZŠ•”PZ!
j z ;G:
CdbE•$PZ
CdaE••
Cd`E•ZŠ•Z
0#*6db-0g6<'#@F!
j VA+G,9'4:
•”PZŠ•Z$PZ!
j d4g:
S3'4'gG6<g'4T0D•P$PZ$•Z
'4`-g!
3.6. ƯU VÀ KHUYẾT ĐIỂM CỦA HỆ LUẬT DẪN
j –*<:
Z'40=<26<0=00K*<#*J?80KC6
'3#0@2)IE!
Z6<0=0%A0*,G'45Tg'4!
>q5#'*0=0!

Z6<5G0=0*<T,9'48!
Z'48T9D3#!
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^bm^
j QG*<:
Z9@9*I' *1F/CE'4!H
Š'5*'2/*G*3's/5-!
"2#$8%A0TA@#T&0D
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Chương 4: ỨNG DỤNG MÔ HÌNH HỆ LUẬT DẪN GIẢI BÀI
TOÁN TAM GIÁC
4.1. BÀI TOÁN TAM GIÁC
4.1.1. Các đối tượng, sự kiện trong tam giác
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j :*30@
j :*30@
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4.2. BIỂU DIỄN TRI THỨC CHO BÀI TOÁN
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,9*<*;'4#!‹*A$*;'4$5Š&0D''40?
0@5:
Q@#5Š'35bb9M&$X9M&f*-'^b!
S50K*<*0G#'4!

"#5'#0G%#'4#01
)52!SX'4*,*#Š*,9AT:
j SX#*‚€Š*,*0'[$#*"R‘Y
'b!
>T0D'4:•$P^•Z
"6-#5'M',':
[$[$b$^b$^b$^b$^b$^b$^b$^b$^b!
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^ab^
R$$^•9
^b$^b$^b$[$[$[$^b$^b$^b$b$^b!
4.3. BIỂU DIỄN THUẬT GIẢI
"450=G'K*+*,D<9M2!‹D
q;#45:
4.3.1. Thuật giải suy diễn tiến
W5G:6•$6P$@
QG'4:"T
P5C'4E:
ZŠ'M',&@'4L#GT#*GG'4
#Q#o!
j "T6Z:•$P^•Z
Q#o!•00CZE!
j "T:$•^•
Q#o!•00CE!
j "T:$P^•
Q#o!•00CE!
j "T:$Z$•^•
Q#o!•00CE!
j "T:$Z$P^•
Q#o!•00CE!

j "T9:$$^•9
Q#o!•00C9E!
j "T:$$$9^•
Q#o!•00CE!
j "T:$P^•
Q#o!•00CE!
>*+#Q#o20g0=!
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^aa^
H6''4Š@*<T*,$#/@
0=G$Š9'4g$' Š0K0='K*<'#@F
'4g*6$'GG'4)'4'?I6#5G)
3'4'#@'4*6!QG/5*,:
Pb:"T6Z:•$P^•Z
Pa:"T@:$Z$•^•
P`:"T:$P^•
4.3.2. Thuật giải suy diễn lùi
W5G:6•$6P$@
QG'4:"T
j ™0='K:
P?b:"T:$Pk•
P?a:H<T*,$M*!"0K'4:•$Z$k•
P?`:H<T*,$MT*,Z!
"0K'4:•$Pk•Z
"?*A*+*)0*<Z$Z,'@<?$*6
G9D#I9T?#?*,!
4.4. TÍNH TOÁN VÀ KẾT QUẢ
4.4.1. Tính toán
6*,'4Š0K$ŠG*;I
#*<T!

ZI#;I0D s80K*,;'
I0@C‚y%E$*<<0@(99-*5#P
d'T95< <4
CV#y%E!
"4#*<<3<‚y%0@V#y%:
H;g#L#<y%g/95$?X#L
?:
GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
^a`^
j YG'#@:##9!
j YG'0#fhCh:##
j YG'0*6#fhEi:'#&####9
#*Gf90#fhCh!Ce#fB95*,*
FE
j YG'#&:
Zg#*q'#&#&*66*32'?#f
#&@'#&*6F##9!
H#&@#
0G<y%$G#19M&'#L
#*6#'M',##9!
"6*32)#&:
š/›ƒš›ƒš#›ƒš›ƒš›ƒš#›•š‡›ƒš‰›•š†›ƒš^š•šCš
4.4.2. Kết quả
449'4g450=4G/5T#g
Z''LŠ5L#I2#0=<!"
6<'85I2#y'LL%#f*G9
##0L!
4.5. DEMO MINH HỌA
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GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng
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GVHD: PGS.TS. Đỗ Văn Nhơn HVTH: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng