ĐỀ CƯƠNG ANH VĂN LỚP 12 BAN CƠ BẢN

ÑEÀ CÖÔNG ANH VAÊN 12 (BAN CÔ BAÛN)
UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
A. Phonetics
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1. A. soups B. friends C. has D. Mary’s
2. A. comes B. hopes C. takes D. likes
3. A. leaves B. dishes C. hurries D. prepares
4. A. brothers B. magazines C. clothes D. makes
5. A. washes B. kisses C. oranges D. dates
II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. support B. although C. pressure D. responsible
7. A. security B. project C. attempt D. hospitable
8. A. household B. confidence C. left-overs D. expenditure
9. A. solver B. parental C. nephew D. secrect
10. A. biological B. result C. familial D. together
B. Vocabulary and Structures
I .Choose the best answers
11. How much do men share household and take of their children?
A. attention B. care C. belief D. notice
12. Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be for their children.
A. available B. perfect C. good D. responsible
13. Susan’s family and friends have given her a lot of help in her hard life.
A. responsibility B. effort C. support D. sympathy
14. When moving to a big city how can you enjoy the pressures of city life?
A. stresses B. difficulties C. problems D. influences
15. Both my father and my mother are office – workers in the post office. They have good jobs and secure
incomes.
A. high B. low C. reasonable D. certain
16. Parents should get their children to in the housework.
A. share B. do C. involve D. join
17. Everyone in the society has to act in to the law.

A. agreement B. equality C. obedience D. support
18. Our teacher wants us to feel about asking questions when we don’t understand any lesson.
A. confident B. confidence C. confidential D. confidently
19. Michael felt very disappointed because his mother decided to from his hather after 20 years of
living together.
A. escape B. divide C. share D. separate
20. Although the children are rather mischievous, they always get good marks in their subjects at school.
A. enjoy being rude to the others B. enjoy playing tricks and annoying people.
C. enjoy meeting and helping the others. D. dislike playing games annoying people
21. I in the cafe having in drink when the police arrived.
A. sat B. was sat C. was sitting D. have sat
22. “How long him?” – “We in 1996, but we each other since last autumn.”
A. do you know / met / have not seen B. have you known / met / did not see
C. have you known / have met / have not seen D. have you known / met / have not seen
23. When I was a boy , I tea to coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred C. was preferring D. have preferred
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24. She came into the room while they television.
A. watched B. have watched C. are watching D. were watchig
25. I can’t go with you because I my lessons yet.
A. did not finish B. am not finishing C. have not finished D. am not finished
26. I used to swim in this river when I young.
A. am B. was C. wil be D. have been
27. While I TV last night, a mouse across the floor.
A. watched / ran B. watched / was running
C. was watching / ran D. was watching / was running
28. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I here sixteen years ago.
A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come
29. She last came to visit me three years ago.
A. She last came to visit me for three years. B. She hasn’t come to visit me for three years.

C. She didn’t come to visit me three years ago. D. She hasn’t come to visit me since three years.
30. We built the house in 10 months.
A. It takes us 10 months to build the house. B. It took us 10 months to built the house.
C. It took us 10 months to build the house. D. It took us 10 months build the house.
II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31. You and your sister went to the cinema last night, weren’t you?
A B C D
32. Up to now Michael wrote five novels and over sixteen short stories.
A B C D
33. Mark took many trips to Asia since he started his own import-export business.
A B C D
34. Did you and your family at Jane’s birthday party yesterday evening?
A B C D
35. Last Sunday while Sandy cleaned out the attic, she found her mother’s wedding dress
A B C D
III. Put the verb into the correct tense:
36. When I (phone) Helen last night she (wash) her hair.
37. Nobody (watch) , so the little boy (take) the packet of sweets from the shelf and
(put) it in his pocket.
38. Her husband (have) agood position in that copany since last year.
39. Since when her mother (be) a doctot? She (be) a doctor since 1990.
40. last Fridaywas a holiday. It (be) Independence Day, so I (not, have) to go to class.
I (sleep) a little later than usual. Around ten, my friend Tim (come) over to my
apartment. We (pack) a picnic basket and then (take) the bus to Forest Park. We
(spend) most of the day there.
41. They (start) building that school in 2004 but they (not, finish) it yet.
42. They (not, meet) each other since they (say) goodbye.
43. So far, you (make) no mistakes on this exercise.
44. While Bill (eat) dinner, Alicia (come) through the door.
45. She (go) into the room, (take) off the hat , and (lie) down on the bed.

46. Woody left his house at 8:00 a.m and began to walk to class. While he (walk) to class, he (see)
Mrs. Smith.
47. Mary and John are neighbours. They (know) each other for several years. Mary
(move) into her house in 1985, and John (live) next door since he
(come) to the area in 1980.
48. Hai (come) tomy house yesterday and (turn) the TV loudly. My son
(sleep) then, so I (tell) him to turn it off.
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49. They (not, phone) me when they were on holidays because they (not, have) my
address.
50. A few years ago I (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub
(be) the centre of village life for centuries. It (stand) at our crossroads for 500
years. It (be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) there, they
say. I (live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers (know) about the plans for less
than a week and already there’s a “Save Our Pup” campaign. Last week we (be) happy, but
this week we’re angry. We will stop them, you’ll see.
UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A. Phonetics
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. wanted
2. A. ticked B. checked C. booked D. naked
3. A. started B. looked C. decided D. coincided
4. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched
5. A. imagined B. released C. rained D. followed
II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. contract B. confide C. conduct D. contain
7. A. diversity B. maintain C. majority D. record
8. A. reject B. conical C. precede D. obliged
9. A. attitude B. survey C. symbol D. determine
10. A. ceremony B. banquet C. idea D. sacrifice

B. Vocabulary and Structures
I .Choose the best answers
11. Michael felt disappointed because he was by all the universities he applied to.
A. neglected B. criticized C. rejected D. blamed
12. Our parents are going to celebrate their silver wedding at the end of this month.
A. the 20
th
anniversary of the wedding B. the 25
th
anniversary of the wedding
C. the 2
nd
marriage D. the day they first met
13. John and Mary were attracted to each other the first time they met.
A. first loved each other romantically B. were first forced to get marriage
C. loved each other at the first sight D. loved each other for the first time in their lives
14. A ring that man gives to a womwn when they agree to get married is called a(n) ring.
A. love B. engaging C. married D. important
15. My family have lived happilyin this house for
A. stages B. times C. periods D. generations
16. Are children taught to respect different at school?
A. fields B. laws C. cultures D. aspects
17. Julia and William broke with tradition and got married quietly.
A. did things differently B. argued with their parents.
C. opposed their parents D. kept their marriage secret
18. It is the in that country for women to marry young.
A. habit B. rule C. requirement D. custom
19. In spite of their parents’ strong opposition , they lived together as husband and wife.
A. as if they were engaged B. as if they were married
C. as if they were parents D. as if they were getting married

20. Do you think our parents everything for our future?
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A. exchange B. sacrifice C. lose D. refuse
21. It statistically that the unemployment rates
A. has proved – will increase B. has been proved – are increasing
C. had been proved – increased D. is proved – are going to increase
22. The workers on strike because they their wages low.
A. are striking – ahve thought – have been B. were striking – thought – are
C. went – thought – were D. will strike – thought – are
23. The project any success just because most members no determination of doing it
well.
A hasn’t made – showed B. won’t make – are showing
C. didn’t make – haven’t showed D. hadn’t made – showed
24. Many people smoking because they afraid that it bad for their health.
A. have stopped – are – may be B. stopped – thought – might be
C. are going to stop – will be – may be D. will stop – will be – will be
25. I over and see you but there’s something wrong with the car.
A. was going to drive B. will be driving C. will have driven D. have been driving
26. On arriving at the airport, I very worried to find that no one for me.
A. was – had been waiting B. am – have been waiting
C. was – was waiting D. will be – is waiting
27. This chess game is going to last ages. They it until midnight.
A. won’t finifh B. won’t have finished C. haven’t finishe D. are not going to finish
28. I a cheque when I that I nothing in the bank.
A. am writing – remember – have B. was writing – remembered – had
C. wrote – remembered – had had D. had written – remembered – had
29. When I the lecture and the professor on the overhead projector.
A. arrived – already started – wrote B. arrive – will start – will be writing
C. arrive – have started – wrote D. arrived – had already started – was writing
30. Tom to study yet. He all his lesson by 11 tonight.

A. hasn’t begun – won’t have learned B. isn’t going to begin – won’t learn
C. hadn’t begun – wouldn’t learn D. won’t begin – won’t have learned
II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31. Since the world began , nations have had difficulty to keep peace with their neighbours.
A B C D
32. That’s my sister over there . She stands near the window.
A B C D
33. The marathon runner has been running for almost two hours when he collapsed to the pavement
A B C D
34. In a few years’ time we shall all live in houses heated by solar enegy.
A B C D
35. By the time he left the office, he have attended three meetings .
A B C D
III. Put the verb into the correct tense:
36. The walkers finally (arrive) at their destination. They (walk) all day and they
certainly (need) a rest. They (walk) thirty miles.
37. That man (admit) that he (hit) the other car but (say) that he (not,
damage) it.
38. I (do) my homework when my mother (send) me to the chemist’s with the
prescription she (give) by the door.
39. It (be) three o’clock. Susan (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up
in bed and (circle) her knees with her arms.
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40. That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the “For Sale” sign, so I
suppose someone (buy) it.
41. I (just, receive) a letter from my brother, Tim. He (be) in Astralia now. He
(be) there for six months. Tim (be) an engineer. He (work) for a big
firm for 10 years and he (already , visit) a great number of different places in Astralia.
42. I (have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She (live) in Nigenia. In her letter , she
(say) that she (come) to England next year. If she (come) , she will get a

surprise. We now (live) in a beautiful house in the country. She (not, see) us since
she (move) to Nigeria.
43. In Britain many people (be) out of work today. Ann is 18, and she (leave) school a
year agobut she (not, be) able to find a job yet. She will leave for London as soon as she (find)
a suitable job there. She (not, see) us since she (move) to Nigeria.
44. I never (get) up early on Sundays. I sometimes (stay) in bed until lunch time. Last
Sunday, I (get) up very late. I (look) out of the window, it (rain) heavily.
Just then the telephone (ring) . It was my aunt, Lucy.
45. Rob Fellow (come) from England. He (come) to Paris six months ago to learn
French. He (start) learning French at school in London when he was eleven, so he
(learn) it for nearly ten years. He (just, take) an exam. If he passes , he
(move) into the next class. He (be) excited today because his parents
(come) tomorrow to stay with him for a few days.
46. I (come) in very late last night and unfortuately the dog (wake) up and
(start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the
stairs and (say) , “Who is there?”. I (say) “It’s me,” but she (not hear)
me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and
(telephone) the police.
47. I think he (answer) the letter by this time.
48. By the end of the week he (finish) the translation.
49. By May 2003 my mother (work) in a hospital for 15 years.
50 Mai (live) with her grandmother for 2 years before she (move) here.
UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING
A. Phonetics
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1. A. chemist B. chicken C. church D. chore
2. A. how B. town C. power D. slow
3. A. heat B. great C. beat D. beak
4. A. university B. unique C. unit D. undo
5. A. mouse B. could C. would D. put

II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. perfect B. discard C. reserve D. distinct
7. A. accept B. forget C. mistake D. object
8. A. whistle B. contrast C. signal D. handsome
9. A. noisy B. formal C. approach D. desert
10. A. indeed B. often C. sometimes D. later
B. Vocabulary and Structures
I .Choose the best answers
11. Mr. Johnson enjoys socializing with young people in the neighbourhood.
A. meeting B. talking C. playing D. mixing
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12. The requirement is that the applicant must have good skills.
A. verbal B. verbalized C. non-verbal D. verbally
13. We sent some flowers as a of sympathy to the parents of the child.
A. action B. gesture C. expression D. symbol
14. In an oral examination, candicates must be able to effectively.
A. say B. talk C. speak D. communicate
15. If an interview is too easy, it’s a sure that you haven’t got the job.
A. warning B. sign C. information D. prediction
16. I asked Johnny where the other classmates were and he to the direction of the school garden.
A. nodded B. guided C. told D. described
17. When the teacher wants to get someone's attention in class, is perfectly acceptable
A. speaking B. waving C. smiling D. pointing
18. our hands to get the person’s attention is considered to be impolite or even rule.
A. Raising B. Shaking C. Clapping D. Nodding
19. In informal situations, a brief raise of hand and a small is fine.
A. whistle B. talk C. laugh D. wave
20. American women usually don’t when being introduced to each other.
A. nod slightly B. greet friendly C. shake hands D. use sign language
21. Peter said to them: “Don’t leave the room until I come back.”

A. Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back.
B. Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back.
C. Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back.
D. Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back.
22. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter.
A. He told the porter take his luggage to Room 145.
B. He said the porter to take his luggage to Room 145.
C. He told the porter to take his luggage to Room 145.
D. He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 145.
23. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
A. “Tom didn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me.
B. “Tom hadn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me.
C. “Tom hasn’t come to school yesterday.” They told to me.
D. “Tom doesn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me.
24. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
A. “I had pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor.
B. “He has pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor
C. “I have pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor.
D. “I have pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor.
25. He saud to me: “Will you see you friends before leave Paris ?”
A. He asked me if Iwill see my friends before I leave Paris.
B. He asked me if I would see my friends before I left Paris.
C. He asked me if I would see my friends before I leave Paris
D. He asked me if I would see his friends before I left Paris.
26. “If I were you , I’d try to get a room on the top floor,” he said.
A. He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor.
B. He advised me to try getTING a room on the top floor.
C. He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor.
D. He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor.
27. Father said to me: “Don’t stay there long.”

A. Father told me not stay there long. B. Father told to me not to stay there long.
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C. Father told me not to stay there long. D. Father told to me not to stay there long.
28. He said to me: “Ring me up the tomorrow.’
A. He told me to ring him up the following day. B. he told me ring him up the following day.
C. He said me to ring him up the foiiowing day. D. He told me to ring me up the following day.
29. “I don’t go to this shop very often.” she said.
A. She said she didn’t go to that shop very often. B. She said I didn’t go to that shop very often.
C. She said she wouldn’t go to that shop very often. D. She said I wouldn’t go to that shop very often.
30,”I am going to the theatre tonight” he said to me.
A. He told me he was going to the theatre that night. B. He told me I was going to the theatre that night.
C. He told me he is going to the theatre that night. D. He told me I am going to the theatre that night.
31. Mike said “I spoke to Mr Brownm this morning.”
A. Mike said he spoke to Mr Brown that morning. B. Mike said he had spoken to Mr Brown that morning
C. Mike said he has spken to Mr Brown that morning. D. Mike said I had spoken to Mr Brown that morning.
32. He said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.”
A. He told her he would do it that day if he had time. B. He told her he would do it that day if he has time.
C. He told her I would do it that day if I had time. D. He told he would do it that day if he had time.
33. “You might check these figures for me,” he said.
A. He asked me to check the figures for him. B. He told me to check the figures for him.
C. He offered me to check the figures for him. D. A and B are correct.
34. “You’d better apologize for being late,”said my mother.
A. My mother advised me to apologize for being late. B. My mother suggested me to apologize for being late.
C. My mother suggested apologizing for being late. D. My mother warned me to apologize for being late.
35. “Could you translate this for me?” I asked the official.
A. I asked the official to translate it for me. B. I asked the oficial translate it for me.
C. I asked the oficial translating it for me. D. I asked the oficial he translated it for me.
II. Rewrite the following sentences:
36. “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said.
 He said

37. “I came back from the U.S.A three weeks ago,” she said.
 He said
38. “I’m studying at home today” they said.
 They said
39. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier,” Mary said.
 Mary apologised for
40. “I’ve always wanted to be rich,” Bob said.
 Bob has always dream
41. “ You’d better not swim too far from the shore,” the lifeguard said to us.
 The lifeguard advised
42. “You should not drink too much beer.”
 He advised
43. “Please don’t smoke in my car.”
 He asked
44. “I will come to see you if I have free time,” the man said to her.
 The man said
45. “What would you do if you were a billianaire?” the man asked the woman.
 The man asked
46. “If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike,” the man said to me.
 The man said
47. He said , “Don’t touch anything in this room ! “.
He ordered
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48. “ I feel very week. I don’t think I can go “ said she.
 She said
49.”How old are you ? Can you read yet ? “.
 I asked the child
50. Father said “Don
’
t forget to turn off the lights before you come upstairs !, Bill”.

 Father asked
UNIT 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
A. Phonetics
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1. A. thin B. than C.they D. there
2. A. camp B. lamp C. cupboard D. apart
3. A. evening B. key C. envelope D. secret
4. A. nature B. pure C. picture D. culture
5. A. cotton B. bottle C. cold D. common
II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. secondary B. happiness C. sacrifice D. romantic
7. A. parallel B. examine C. technical D. physicist
8. A. history B. requirement C. divided D. achiever
9. A. awarded B. commences C. favourite D. accessible
10. A. destruction B. movement C. important D. appearance
B. Vocabulary and Structures
I .Choose the best answers
11. In Astralia, a(n) school is a free local school paid for by the government.
A. public B. dependent C. independent D. state
12. In our curriculum, mathematics, physics, chmistry, literature and English are considered as core subjects.
A. difficult B. main C. popular D. general
13. We have to do well to get into medical school.
A. academically B. successfully C. perfectly D. completely
14. In Britain, a secondary school for young people of all levels of ability is also called a school.
A. primary B. comprehensive C. independent D. public
15. The period of the year during which students go to school or university is called the year.
A. school B. educational C. studying D. academic
16. There are interesting parallels between the 1960s and the late 1990s
A. close features B. particular features C. similar features D. All are correct
17. General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is a British exam taken by students in England and

Wales and some other countris
A. in any of a range of subjects B. usually around the age of 16
C. in a particular subject D. at the age of 18
18. It is said that students over twenty-five fall into a different category.
A. group B. team C. class D. club
19. In the United States, an elementary school is a school for children between the age of about 6 and 12.
A. grade school B. private school C. grammar school D. graduate school
20. Many students now have paid employment during .
A. semester B. semesters C. term D. terms
21. You’ll hardly recognize our house. It since your last visit.
A. was redecorated B. has been decorated C. has been redecorated D.has decorated
22. That book by a famous author.
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A. wrote B. was written C. is writing D. has written
23. Last night a tornado swept through our village. It everything in its path.
A. destryed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed
24. Someone was repainting the house when I arrived.
A. The house was to be repainting when I arrived. B. The house has been repainted when I arrived.
C. When I arrived the house is being repainted. D. When I arrived the house was being repainted
25. The teacger explained the rule to the students.
A. The rule was explained to the students. B. The students were explained to the rule.
C. The students were explained to the rules. D. A and B are correct.
26. I still cannot believe it! My bicycle some minutes ago.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
27. I will have answered all the business letters by noon.
A. All the business letters will have answered by noon.
B. All the business letters will have been answered by noon.
C. All the business letters will have to be answered by noon.
D. All the business letters will have been answering by noon.
28. The president of the board has signed the document.

A. The document has been signed by the president of the board.
B. The document has been signing by the president of the board.
C. The document has been being signed by the president of the board.
D. The document was signed by the president of the board.
29. They often laugh at him.
A. He is often laughed at them. B. He is often laughing at.
C. He is often laughed. D. He is often laughed at.
30. What will happen if the air ?
A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted
II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning.
A B C D
32. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave.
A B C D
33. The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet.
A B C D
34. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world.
A B C D
35. When, where and by whom has the automobile invented ?
III. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
36. Someone can’t make a cake without sugar.
 A cake
37. Dangerous driving causes many accidents.
 Many accidents
38. I was making coffee when the light went out.
→ Coffee
39. She hasn’t told us the news.
→ We
40. The police haven’t arrested the man who stole your money.
→ The man

41. People think that about million puppies are born each year.
→About a million puppies
42.When did people build this hotel?
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→When
43. Someone cleans this room everyday.
→ This room
44. Someone might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.
→ Your car
45. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
→ The bank
46. Nobody has invited her to the party.
→ She
47.Somebody has driven them to the airport.
→ They
48. People should send their complaints to the head office.
→Their complaints
49. They are introducing the game to students.
→ The game
50. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
→ Three men
UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION
Pronunciation: Stress in more than three-syllable words
Grammar: Conditional sentences
I. Key Vocabulary :
1. application form(n) 2. application(n) 3. higher education (n)
4. undergraduate(n) 5.veterinary science(n) 6. on the offer of
7. consist of 8. apply for 9. requirement for
10. fill in 11. identity card(n) 12. certification(n)
13. requirement(n) 14. full-time undergraduate course

15. socio-linguistics (n) 16. either … or … 17. as follows
18. act on behalf of 19. take a course on 20. make a decision on
21. take the entrance exam
* Fill in each gap with a word from the box:
1. An __________ is a university or college student who is studying for their first degree.
2. The wisest _________ would be to say nothing.
3. __________ college is a college that provides education for people aged 16 and older, but that is not a
university.
4. Mr.Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his __________.
5. Certain courses are compulsory, other are ____________ .
6. There are various options __________ to you.
7. The government must take ____________ action on gun control.
8. Let’s make a list of possible speakers, in order of __________.
9. ___________ to the golf club is by sponsorship only.
10. What is the minimum entrance ___________ for this course?
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behaft, decisive, submitted, course, open, undergraduate, tertiary,
graduates, optional, entrance, requirement, preference.
11. Completed projects must be ___________ by 10 March.
12. At present the organization has to rely on young, inexperienced _________ .
II. Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
1. A. secondary B. tertiary C. candidate D. requirement
2. A. maximum B. optional C. decision D. average
3. A. institution B. certificate C. application D. academic
4. A. university B. veterinary C. undergraduate D. geographical
5. A. preference B. severely C. insurance D. consider
III. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
*Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. If I (continue) with my diet, I (lose) five kilos by the end of the month.

2. If I have enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon.
3. If I had enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon.
4. I will fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size.
5. If I (have) enough money, I would have gone with you.
6. If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) to the zoo.
7. Linda wasn’t at home yesterday. If she (be) at home yesterday, I (visit) her.
8. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) here, she (know) what to do.
9. Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he (study) for the test, he (pass) it.
10. If I (have) my camera with me yesterday, I (take) a picture of Alex standing on his head.
11. I’m almost ready to plant my garden. I have a lot of seeds. Maybe I have more than I need. If I (have)
more seeds than I need, I (give) some to Nellie.
12. I got wet because I didn’t take my umbrella. However, I (get,not) wet if I (remember) to take my umbrella
with me yesterday.
13. I (change) the present economic policy if I (be) the President of the United States.
14. George has only two pairs of socks. If he (have) more than two pairs of socks, he (have to, not) wash his
socks so often.
15. That sounds like a good job offer. If I (be) you, I (accept) it.
16. The cowboy pulled his gun to shoot at the rattlesnake, but he was too late. If he (be) quicker to pull the
trigger, the snake (bite, not) him on the ankle. It’s good thing he was wearing heavy leather boots.
17. I don’t have a pen, but if I (do), I would lend it to you.
18. He is busy right now, but if he (not, be), he would help us.
19. She didn’t come, but if she (come), she would have met my brother.
20. I wish I (know) you needed the dictionary, I (buy) it for you in London.
* Choose the best answers.
21. We wanted to go out yesterday but te weather was terrible. If it ____ a nice day, we _____ for a picnic.
A. was – would go B. had been – would have gone
C. were – had gone D. had been – would go
22. Why don’t you explain everything to him? If you ________ him the truth, I am sure you _______ it one
day.
A. don’t tell – will regret B. don’t tell – would

regret
C. didn’t tell – would regret D. won’t tell – will regret
23. Jennifer was here not long ago. If you _________ round earlier, you _________ her.
A. came – would saw B. had come – would have seen
C. were coming – would see D. would come – saw
24. Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. I’m sure they _____
happier if they _________ more time playing outside.
A. are – would spend B. will be - spend C. had been – would spend D. would be – spent
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25. The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it _____, the Prime Minister ____ from
politics.
A. lost – would resign B. loses –resigns C. lost – will resign D. loses – will resign
* Make conditional sentences for the following situations.
1. The war will spread everywhere if we don’t stop it. → Unless ………
2. All our beautiful forests will be destroyed if we do nothing to preserve them. → Unless……….
3. If he hasn’t got a ticket, they won’t let him in. →Unless ………
4. If it doesn’t rain, we will have no water to use. →Unless ………
5. These flowers will die if nobody waters them. →Unless …
6. Do your exercises or you will be punished. →Unless ….
7. The building is too high. He can’t climd up. →If ……
8. That house is too expensive. I can’t buy it. →If …….
9. He didn’t work hard last term, he lost his job. → If …….
10. Mary didn’t have money with her. She couldn’t buy that present. →If ……
11. There was a test yesterday. You didn’t know that, so you didn’t study. → If I had known that …
12. Your friend was in the hospital. You didn’t know that, so you didn’t visit her. →If I had ….
13. I’ve never met your friend. You didn’t know that, so you didn’t introduce me. →If I had ….
14. It is raining now, so I will not go for a walk. → If it …………………
15. I am not living in Chile. I’m not working at a bank. → If I ……………….
16. It was raining yesterday afternoon, so I did not go for a walk. → If it ……………
17. I am not at home now, so I can’t answer your phone. → If I …………….

18. I can’t sing well, so she can’t sing that song beautifully. →If she ……………
19. Ann didn’t pass the entrance examination, so she wasn’t admitted to the university. → If Ann ………
20. I had a problem. You didn’t know that, so you didn’t offer to help. → If I had known that …………………
21. I can’t give you a lift because I don’t have a car. →
22. We won’t have a holiday because we won’t have enough money. →
23. There aren’t any eggs, so I won’t make an omelette. →
24. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you. →
25. We have three children, so we won’t take a year off and travel around the world. →
* What is the fact behind the following wishes?
Example: I wish the streets weren’t so dirty. → The streets are very dirty.
1. I wish I wasn’t out of work.
2. I wish there was something good on TV tonight.
3. I wish I could lose weight.
4. I wish I had won the lottery.
5. I wish I had gone to university.
UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS
Pronunciation: Weak / strong forms of some conjunctions & prepositions.
Grammar: Relative clause
I. Key Vocabulary :
1. letter of application (n) 2. letter of recommendation 3. resume (n)
4. enthusiasm (n) 5. keenness (n) 6. sense of responsibility (n)
7. stressful (a) 8. honest (n) 9. willing (a)
10. disappointed (a) 11.be called for (prep) 12. in addition (prep)
13. jot down (prep) 14. relate to (prep) 15. on time (prep)
16. concentrate on (prep) 17. be interested in 18. piece of advice (expre)
19. create a good impression on sb (expre) 20. as much … as … 21.make a real effort
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II. Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. job B. possible C. forget D. jot

2. A. polite B. advice C. pilot D. diploma
3. A. lawyer B. rewarding C. formally D. effort
4. A. keenness B. neatly C. create D. greeting
5. A. pressure B. enthusiasm C. congratulation D. reduce
III. Grammar: Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs.
1. Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, that, of which, why (cách dùng của các đại từ
liên hệ)
CÁCH DÙNG CHỦ NGỮ TÂN NGỮ SỢ HỮU
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
người làm
WHO WHOM WHOSE
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
vật làm
WHICH WHICH OF WHICH /
WHOSE
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
nơi chốn
WHERE = IN WHICH
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
thời gian
WHEN
Dùng trong thể nhấn
mạnh và thay thế cho
WHO, WHICH trong
mệnh đề không có dấu
phẩy
THAT
EX: It is the English that causes me a lot of difficulties.
It is your father that helped me yesterday.
Được dùng để thay cho

cụm từ chỉ lý do
WHY = FOR + WHICH
We don’t know the reason why John gave up his part-time job.
2. Kinds of relative clauses.
a. Restrictive (Defining) Relative clauses:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ.
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước chưa xác đònh, không có nó
câu sau sẽ không đủ nghóa.
Ex: The man whom you met yesterday was my uncle.
b. Non - Restrictive (Non - Defining) Relative clauses:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ ngoại trừ
THAT.
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước đã được xác đònh,
không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghóa.
Ex: Shakespeare, who wrote Hamlet, was a famous playwright.
3. Chú ý:
a/ Khi who, whom, which, that là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh thì ta có thể lượt bỏ đi.
Ex: The student (whom/who) we met this morning has won the scholarship.
The motorbike (which/ that) you lent me yesterday is a good one.
b/ That không được sử dụng ở mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh.
c/ Không sử dụng who, that, where,when,why sau giới từ.
Ex: We went shopping in the shopping center in which (that) we can buy almost everything.
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d/ which còn được sử dụng để chỉ đònh cho cả một mệnh đề đi trước, which còn được gọi là từ nối
(connector). Ex: Both of our children passed the exam with high marks, which made us very happy.
* Choose the best answers. Only one is correct.
1. We went to different places _________ you find people ________ language was hard to understand.
A. where – which B. where - whose C. that – whose D. which – whose
2. We came within sight of Everest, _______ has attracted so many climbers.
A. the summit of which B. which the summit C. whose summit of D. of which the summit

3. The manager called in my new colleagues, _______ I had already met.
A. one of who B. one or two of whom C. both of them D. all of them
4. Her mother and father – in – law, _________ were always exceptionally kind, were very upset
___________ the marriage broke down.
A. who – that B. that – when C.who - 0 D. who – when
5.The laptop _______ was damaged in the car accident ________ happened last week while I was driving
home from work.
A. I lent you last month – which B. which I lent to you – that
C. that you borrowed me – that D. from which you borrowed – that
* Combine the two sentences into one.
e.g. That man was Anna's brother. He just walked past.
The man who just walked past was Anna's brother.
1. The plane was twenty-five years old. It crashed.
The plane twenty-five years old.
2. One day Tessa was ill in bed. Martin rang.
The day ill in bed.
3. Our offices are in Queen Street. They are new.
Our in Queen Street.
4. Some documents have been found. They were stolen from a car.
The documents found.
5. That map is out of date. You were looking at it.
The map out of date.
6. The King's Theatre is in the centre of town. It dates from 1896.
The King's in the centre of town.
7. A woman was terribly upset. Her dog was run over.
The woman terribly upset.
8. Janet solved the puzzle. She did it before everyone else.
Janet was the puzzle.
9. A man was standing outside the building. He was selling newspapers.
A man outside the building.

10. The talk was very interesting. Judy gave it.
The talk very interesting.
11. The house is empty now. I used to live there.
The house is empty now.
* Combine these pairs of sentences, using WHERE, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT…
1. The girl is sitting by Jack. She is Mary.
2. Can you understand the question? He asked you the question last time.
3. Is that the girl? We saw her on T.V last night.
4. The farm produces milk. We visited it last Sunday.
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5. At last he married the girl. He loved her.
6. The man is an engineer. We play with his daughter everyday.
7. He didn’t receive the letter. I sent him the letter last January.
8. He often tells me something about his village. He was born there.
9. My sister wants to speak to you. You met her at my birthday party.
10. The children like the funny stories. Their grandmother tells them those stories every evening.
11. Jack London is a famous American writer. He wrote “Iron heel”.
12. The boy is sitting next to Mary. He is Jack.
13. I didn’t receive the letter. My mother sent me the letter last month.
14. The factory makes exported furniture. We visited it yesterday.
15. The baby likes those songs. His grandmother sings those songs every evening.
16. The man is a postman. I love his daughter very much.
17. Is that the man? You talked about him several times.
18. He often tells me about his hometown. He spent his childhood there.
19. Have you met the girl? The girl’s birthday party was held in Omni hotel.
20. My sister wants to speak to you. You met her in the Youth Club the day before yesterday.
21. Mrs. Jackson is a businessman. She lives on the second floor.
22. Michael Faraday was an English scientist. He is famous in the history of electricity
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. should B. could C. would D. wool

2. A. agriculture B. production C. suppose D. must
3. A. isolate B. escape C. island D. especial
4. A. absolute B. bamboo C. board D. climbing
5. A. will B. medicine C. economic D. similar
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. agricultural B. industrial C. commercial D. economy
7. A. stagnant B. reaffirm C. subsidy D. communist
8. A. priority B. export C. commitment D. reform
9. A. consumer B. domestic C. increase D. dissolve
10. A. subjective B. substantial C. subsidiary D. subsequent
III. Grammar: Adverb clauses of Concession (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
1. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bởi: Though, Although, Even though
Although/ Though/ Even though + CLAUSE , CLAUSE.
Ex: Although he works very hard, he can’t earn enough money for the family.
Though he is poor, he is honest.
2. Cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Ngoài Although/ Though/ Even though , mệnh đề chỉ sự
nhượng bộ còn có những cấu trúc khác:
a/ Từ hỏi + ever + S + (may) + V + O, clause.
Eg: Whoever he may be, we don’t believe him. (Dù anh ấy là ai, chúng tôi cũng không tin anh ấy)
Whatever he says, she can’t love him.
b/ No matter + từ hỏi + S + (may) + V + O.
Eg: No matter what/ how he says, no one believes him. (Dù anh ấy nói gì, không ai tin anh)
c/ Adjective / Adverb + though / as + S + (may) + V, clause.
Eg: Famous as he is, he leads a simple life. (Dù nổi tiếng, ông ấy có cuộc sống giản dò)
Hard as he studied for the exam, he couldn’t pass it.
(Dù học cần mẫn cho kì thi, anh ấy không đậu được)
d/ However + adj / adv + S + (may) + V + O, clause.
Ex: However rich this man is, he never gives a penny to the poor.
(Dù giàu, người đàn ông này không cho người nghèo một xu).
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e/ Verb + Adv + as + S + may, clause.
Ex: Work hard as he may, he can’t support his family.
(Dù làm việc cần cù, anh ấy không nuôi sống nổi gia đình)
f/ It doesn’t matter + từ hỏi + … + S + V, clause.
Ex: It doesn’t matter what he says, he is always your brother.
(Dù anh ấy nói gì, anh ấy vẫn là anh của anh).
3. Sự rút gọn của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượngbộ:
Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nhượng bộ bởi một trong các
giới từ:
despite
in spite of + gerund / cụm danh từ.
regardless of
Ex1: Although he is rich, he doesn’t live a happy life.
Despite being rich, he doesn’t live a happy life.
In spite of his richness, he doesn’t live a happy life.
Ex2: Although he is poor, he always helps the needed.
Despite being poor, he…
In spite of his poverty, he …
Ex3: Although he is an intelligent student, he never appears to be that.
Despite being an intelligent student, he…
In spite of his intelligence/ being an intelligent student, he …
Ex4: Although the test was very difficult, he was able to do it well.
Despite the very difficult test, he…
In spite of the difficilty of the test, he …
Ex5: Though he studied hard, he couldn’t get good marks in the exams.
Despite studying hard, he…
In spite of his hard study , he …
Ex6: Although he has practised driving a lot, he can’t pass the driving test.
Despite having practised a lot, he …
Ex7: Though his parents advised him, he didn’t change his wasteful lifestyle.

Despite his parents’ advice, he didn’t change …
EXERCISES
* Choose the best answers. Only one is correct.
11. The government shifted economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programmes.
A. introduced B. reformed C. changed D. pushed
12. Ireland was one of the fasted-growing _______ in Western Europe in the 1990s.
A. economic B. economics C. economy D. economies
13. Our Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform policy in December 1986.
A. set up B. established C. set in motion D. provided
14. To reform the economy the government reduced state ________ in business.
A. appearance B. intervention C. existence D. establishment
15. Since Doi Moi Vietnam has undergone substantial changes in every field.
A. considerable B. continuous C. extraordinary D. wonderful
16. Our economy is in an ______ spiral of wage and price increases.
A. inflatable B. inflated C. inflationary D. inflates
17. The government introduced some renovation measures to implement “Doi Moi”.
A. carry out B. prove C. bring D. support
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18. Nowadays, wage rates in most companies depend on levels of ________
A. production B. produce C. products D. productivity
19. There have been some remarkable reforms _________ education recently.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
20. It’s true that the stagnant economy has existed for a long time.
A. slow B. developing C. sound D. static
* Choose the best answers. Only one is correct.
21. She walked home by herseft, ________ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. if B. though C. because D. which
22. Dogs are good travelling companions. They will go ________ you take them.
A. when B. where C. wherever D. whatever
23. “ Did you miss the bus yesterday? ” - “ Yes, _____ I ran very fast, _______ I couldn’t catch up with it.”

A. Although – but B. 0 – however C. Even though – 0 D. 0 – though
24. Although John is very good at Maths, he couldn’t solve the problem.
A. In spite of a good student B. Despite John’s good knowledge
C. No matter how John is good at Maths D. However good at Maths John is
25. Hard _________ he works, he cannot earn money to support his family.
A. like B. as C. as if D. as though
* Choose the underlined part among A,B,C,D that needs correcting.
26. UNDP has been in Viet Nam since 1977, but there was a very limited donor presence in the country.
A B C D
27. Seldom does my parents agree with my bad behaviour when they love me a lot.
A B C D
28. The economy of Vietnam has been achieved rapid growth in agricultural and industrial production,
A B C
construction and housing, exports, and foreign investment.
D
29. Vietnam is a relative new-comer to the oil business, although today it is the third-largest oil producer in
A B C D
Southeast Asia.
30. Although the social sciences differ agreat deal from one another, they; however; share a common interest
in human relationships. A B C
D
* Join two sentences into one, use “though, even though, although, despite, in spite of ”
31. He is very rich. He isn’t happy.
Athough ………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. He tried a lot. He wasn’t successful.
Though
33. He is determined to study hard. His life is hard.
Even though
34. He got good jobs, but he wasn’t satisfied.
Athough

35. Athough Tom was very tired, he agreed to take part in the game.
Tom agreed to take part in the game in spite of …………………………………………………….
Tom Tom was very tired but …………………………………………………………………………
36. Whatever difficulties in her life, my mother tries her best to support the family.
Athough my mother has ………………………………………………………………………………
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37. Though the doctor has warned him, Jack keeps on smoking and drinking.
Despite …………………………………………………………………………………………………
38. Although I admire Henry’s talents, I don’t like to make friends with him.
Much as I ……….……………………………………………………………………………………
39. Linda told me the secret despite having promised not to do so.
Even though Linda ……………………………………………………………………………………
40. Although that man denied having been in the neighbourhood at that time, we all knew that he was
guilty.
Despite that man’s denial of ………………………………………………………………………….
41. Mr. Brown has tried to repair the machine no matter how long it takes.
It doesn’t matter ………………………………………………………………………………………
42. Driving at that speed is very dangerous, whether you are an experienced driver or not.
However experienced …………………………………………………………………………………
* Make sentences from the given words or phrases.
43. Although / he/like music/not play/ musical instruments.
44. Even though/ he / strong/ not break down/ door.
45. I / still like/ her/ though / be rude.
46. Although/ wealthy/ he/ live/ that old house.
47. Plane/ took off/ time/ although / foggy.
48. He/ not pass/ driving test/ though/ tried/ keep calm.
49. Although / they / protest/ government / won’t / anything.
50. Although / she / very depressed / smiled / bravely.
* Complete each sentence with a correct preposition:
1. These days everybody is aware _________ the danger of smoking.

2. It is terrible that some people are dying ________ hunger while others eat too much.
3. They fell _________ love ________ each other almost immediately and were married in a few weeks.
4. It was only _________ accident when I found out who the man really was.
5. That man is very honest. He isn’t capable _______ telling a lie.
6. Next month I’m going to Scotland ________ a short holiday.
7. Don’t worry _________ arranging our holiday. I’ll take care _________ it.
8. I don’t care ________ money. It is not important ________ me.
UNIT 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE
Pronunciation: Contracted forms of auxiliaries.
Grammar: Prepositions and Articles
I. Key Vocabulary:
1. terrorist (n) 2. micro-technology (n) 3. telecommunications (n)
4. centenarian(n) 5. contribute to (v) 6. pessimistic (a)
7. optimistic (a) 8. labour - saving (a) 9. unexpected (a)
10. incredible (a) 11. eternal (a) 12. eradicated (a)
II. Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. pretty B. get C. send D. well
2. A. environment B. applicance C. provide D. profile
3. A. table B. vegetable C. innovation D. stage
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4. A. tells B. talks C. stays D. steals
5. A. some B. none C. not D. nothing
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6. A. living B. future C. robot D. condition
7. A. stranger B. people C. replace D. factory
8. A. planet B. system C. scientist D. discover
9. A. engineer B. electricity C. surface D. atmosphere
10. A. spaceship B. begin C. intelligent D. machine
III. Grammar:

ARTICLES (MẠO TỪ or QUÁN TỪ)
I. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE “A” & “AN” :
1. Hình thức: Mạo từ không xác đònh có hai hình thức “a” và “an”.
2. Cách dùng:
Mạo từ không xác đònh a, an có thể được dùng khi nói về một người hay một vật mà người nghe/ người
đọc không xác đònh được người hay vật đang được đề cập đến.
+ Mạo từ “a” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các phụ âm.
Eg: a book, a car , a chair , a hat
+ Mạo từ “an” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm: a, e, i, o, u hoặc h
câm.
Eg: an arm-chair, an umbrella, an egg
* Lưu ý: an hour, an honest man, a uniform, a university, a union, a European man, a universal problem,
an honor, an heir
+ Dùng A, An trong cấu trúc: There + be + a , an + danh từ số ít + …
+ Dùng A, AN để diễn đạt ý “mỗi” hay “mỗi một” trước danh từ được bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm hay
nguyên âm.
Ex: Three days a week, 26 miles a gallon.
600 kilometers an hour, 5 million VND an acre.
+ Dùng A, AN + Adj + danh từ số ít để miêu tả người hoặc vật
Ex: Last Sunday was a lovely day. Da Lat is a wonderful city. My sister is a beautiful girl.
+ Sử dụng A, AN để phân loại, để chỉ ra đó là loại gì. Trường hợp này bao gồm cả nghề nghiệp, quốc
tòch và tôn giáo của một người.
Ex: The Sears Tower is a building in Chicago.
My father is an engineer.
Mr.William, a Catholic, was injured in an accident.
3. Những trường hợp không dùng mạo từ không xác đònh:
+ Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ không đếm được.
+ Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ trừu tượng.
* THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” : Mạo từ xác đònh THE.
1. Hình thức: “The” là hình thức duy nhất đi trước danh từ không phân biệt số ít hay số nhiều, giống đực hay

giống cái.
2. Những trường hợp dùng “The”.
Quán từ xác đònh THE được dùng khi muốn người nghe xác đònh rỏ chúng ta đang nói về người hay vật
đã được xác đònh.
+ Ta dùng “the” trước các danh từ xác đònh. Một danh từ được xác đònh khi:
a. Danh từ ấy được xác đònh bởi một cụm giới từ.
Eg: The love of his country , The gate of the house, The place of my love, the corner of this room, the
day after tomorrow…
b. Danh từ ấy đã được nói đến trước.
Eg: I have a parrot. The parrot is talkative.
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c. Danh từ ấy chỉ một vật độc nhất: The sun , The moon, The Earth, The North Pole
d. Danh từ chỉ các loại nhạc cụ: Piano, guitar, the violin (trừ : drum: cái trống)
e. Dùng THE + Adj = Ns để chỉ một nhóm người nào đó.
Ex: The rich, the poor, the injured, the homeless, the old, the young, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the
dead, the disabled, …
f. Dùng THE + từ chỉ quốc tòch để chỉ những người của đất nước đó.
Ex: The Irish, The English, The French,the Danish, the Swiss, the Spanish, the Finnish, the Turkish, the
Dutch, the Welsh, the Polish , the Japanese, the Taiwanese, the Vietnamese, the Russians, the Americans, the
Cambodians…
g. Đôi khi có hay không có THE trong cùng một câu dẫn đến hay ý nghóa khác nhau.
Ex: I go to school. (I go there to study)
I go to the school. (I go there as a visitor, not to study)
Những từ tương tự: College, hospital, prison, jail, church…
h. Dùng THE khi danh từ được xác đònh bởi một mệnh đề tính từ hay cụm tính từ.
Ex: The man whom you met at the party last night is my teacher.
The car destroyed in the accident was expensive.
i. Dùng THE trong các cụm từ : vào buổi sáng, vào buổi chiều, vào buổi tối
Ex: I always do my homework in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening.
j. Dùng THE trong so sánh bậc nhất.

Ex: Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Nam is the best student in my class.
k. Dùng THE trong phép so sánh kép hoặc khi tính từ đem so sánh được dùng như một danh từ.
Ex: The harder they work, the more sucessful they are. Which is the better of the two students?
l. Dùng THE với số thứ tự và những từ chỉ thứ hạng khác như NEXT , LAST.
EX: The third song in this album was a great song.
The last day of his staying here is a memorable day.
* Lưu ý rằng ta không dùng quán từ với các từ như Last, Next khi đề cập đến thời gian xác đònh như:
tháng trước, năm tới… Ex: I will study in the United States next year. Last week, a student in my class gave
me a poem.
m. Dùng THE khi nói chung về một loài thú, một phát minh hoặc một bộ dụng cụ âm nhạc.
Ex: The elephant is the biggest land animal. The computer has changed the whole world.
n. Dùng THE với tên sông, núi, biển , đại dương và sa mạc.
Ex: The Pacific Ocean, the Sahara desert, the Nil River, the Death sea, the Rocky mountain …
o. Dùng THE với các tên số nhiều hoặc với họ người để chỉ một gia đình.
Ex: The Beatles was the greatest band ever since. The Hawaiian Islands belong to the United States.
The Browns are moving their house next week. The Rockefellers are a famous and wealthy
family.
3. Những trường hợp không dùng “the”:
+ Danh từ cụ thể số nhiều nói chung chung.
Eg: Books are necessary for students.
Shoes are made of leather.
+ Danh từ trừu tượng.
Eg: Education is important for all.
+ Danh từ chỉ các môn chơi thể thao.
Eg: Football is my favourite sport.
Do you want to play basket ball.
+ Danh từ chỉ bửa ăn, đồ uống:
Eg: What time do you have dinner?
She never drinks wine.
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+ Danh từ chỉ các ngày trong tuần:
Eg: I go to the club on Sunday.
Flowers bloom in Spring.
+ Tên của hồ, núi, đảo hay hẻm vực riêng lẻ.
EX: Lake Xuan Huong, Red Mountain…
+ Tên của các hành tinh : Venus, Mars, Earth, Neptune, Mercury, …
+ Tên các lục đòa: Europe, Asia, American, Australia, Africa.
+ Tên các con đường, đường cái, đại lộ, quảng trường …
Ex: Fifth Avenue, Red Square, Michael Bouleva, Broadway
+ Tên của các quốc gia chỉ có một từ: England, China, Viet Nam, France…
+ Các môn học: Physics, mathematics, chemists, ….
+ Những ngày lễ: Easter, Thanksgiving Day, Valentine Day, Mother Day …
+ Các con số và chử cái khi liệt kê trong danh sách.
EX: The correct answer is “A” . Question number 5 is difficult.
+ Tên các loại bệnh: Cancer, toothache, flu…
+ Một số thành ngữ đi với động từ “GO” : go to bed, go to school, go to hospital …
Bảng dùng the và không dùng the trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
Dùng the Không dùng the
• Trước các đại dương, sông ngòi, biển,
vònh và các hồ ở số nhiều.
Ví dụ:
The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the
Persian Gulf, the Great Lackes.
• Trước tên các dãy núi.
Ví dụ:
The Rockey Moutains.
• Trước tên 1 vật thể duy nhất trên thế
giới hoặc vũ trụ.
Ví dụ:
The earth, the moon, the Great Wall

• Trước School/college/university + of +
noun
Ví dụ:
The University of Florida.
The college of Arts and Sciences.
• Trước các số thứ tự + noun.
Ví dụ:
The first world war.
The third chapter.
• Trước các cuộc chiến tranh khu vực với
điều kiện tên các khu vực đó phải được
tính từ hoá.
Ví dụ:
The Korean war.
• Trước tên các nước có từ 2 từ trở lên.
Ngoại trừ Great Britain.
• Trước tên 1 hồ (hay các hồ ở số ít).
Ví dụ:
Lake Geneva, Lake Erie
• Trước tên 1 ngọn núi
Ví dụ:
Mount Mckinley
• Trước tên các hành tinh hoặc các chùm
sao
Ví dụ:
Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion.
• Trước tên các trường này khi trước nó là
1 tên riêng.
Ví dụ:
Cooper’s Art school, Stetson University.

• Trước các danh từ mà sau nó là 1 số
đếm.
Ví dụ:
World war one
chapter three.
• Không nên dùng trước tên các cuộc
chiến tranh khu vực nếu tên khu vực để
nguyên.
• Trước tên các nước có 1 từ như : Sweden,
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Ví dụ:
The United States, the United Kingdom,
the Central Africal Republic.
• Trước tên các nước được coi là 1 quần
đảo.
Ví dụ: The Philipin.
• Trước các tài liệu hoặc sự kiện mang
tính lòch sử.
Ví dụ: The constitution, the Magna
Carta.
• Trước tên các nhóm dân tộc thiểu số.
Ví dụ:
The Indians, the Aztecs.
• Nên dùng trước tên các nhạc cụ.
Ví dụ:
To play the piano.
• Trước tên các môn học cụ thể.
Ví dụ:
The applied Math.
The theoretical Physics.

Venezuela và các nước được đứng trước
bởi new hoặc tính từ chỉ phương hướng.
Ví dụ: New Zealand, South Africa.
• Trước tên các lục đòa, tiểu bang, tỉnh,
thành phố, quận, huyện.
Ví dụ: Europe, California.
• Trước tên bất cứ môn thể thao nào.
Ví dụ:
Base ball, basket ball.
• Trước tên các danh từ mang tính trừu
tượng trừ những trường hợp đặc biệt.
Ví dụ: Freedom, happiness.
• Trước tên các môn học chung.
Ví dụ:
Mathematics, Sociology.
• Trước tên các ngày lễ, tết.
Ví dụ:
Christmas, thanksgiving.
GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS)
I. Đònh nghóa: Giới từ là từ được dùng để chỉ mối quan hệ giữa danh từ, cụm danh từ, hoặc từ tương đương
danh từ được gọi là tân ngữ của giới từ.
* Giới từ có thể được chia ra làm hai nhóm sau đây: + Giới từ đơn : on, in , at, into, of, by, for …
+ Giới từ phức hợp: according to, in spite of …
II. Các loại giới từ:
1. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: IN , ON , AT, ABOVE, BELOW, BEHIND, BETWEEN, IN FRONT OF, NEAR,
NEXT TO, UNDER, OVER
a. AT:
+ Dùng trước một đòa điểm: Ex: He waits for her at the cinema for nearly an hour.
+ Dùng với thành phố, thò trấn và làng khi chúng được xem là những điễm đến trong một cuộc hành
trình.

Ex: On the way home, we stopped at San Francisco.
They stayed at Toronto for two days when touring in Canada.
+ Đối với đòa chỉ, chúng ta dùng AT khi có nói đến số nhà, và chúng ta dùng IN khi chỉ nói tên đường.
Ex: My office is AT 32 West Street. My office is IN West Street.
+ Dùng trước thời gian: Ex: I always get up AT 5 o’clock.
+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ: at present, at the moment, at the same time, to be at work, stay at home…
+ Theo sau một số tính từ , động từ như: look at, amused at, amazed at, surprised at, to be good / bad at…
b. IN:
+ Dùng trước danh từ chỉ nơi chốn: in the classroom, in the house, in Japan, in the bag…
+ Dùng trước các buổi trong ngày, các mùa trong năm, thế kỷ : in the morning, in the afternoon, in the
evening. In spring, in summer, in autumn, in winter. In the 21
st
century.
+ Dùng trước tháng, năm không có ngày: in June, in september. In 2008, in 1999.
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+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ, tính từ , động từ như: to be in time, in the future = in future, interested in,
persit in …
+ Dùng để nói đến một khoảng thời gian trong tương lai: I shall finish it IN ten minutes.
The man says that the train is leaving IN twenty minutes.
+ Dùng để nói một việc gì chiếm bao nhiêu thời gian. We can drive from uor hotel to the beach IN 30
minutes.
They will repair and repaint your motorbike IN four days.
c. ON:
+ Dùng trước các ngày trong tháng, các thứ trong tuần: on May 1
st
, on June 9
th
. On Monday , on Tuesday …
+ Được dùng khi nơi nói đến được xem là một mặt phẳng, đường vạch:
Ex1 : There are some flowers on the floor. This poster will be stuck on the wall.

Ex2: Is Hue on the Huong River? Is Brighton on the south coast of England?
+ Được dùng với các tầng trong một toà nhà: My office is ON the second floor. She lives in a flat ON the
fifteenth floor.
+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ, động từ : to be on time, on the other hand, on the contrary, to hold on,
depend on, to be keen on, to be on: đang trình chiếu (nói về phim ảnh ).
d. above: ở phía trên (cao hơn) , below: ở phía dưới (thấp hơn)
Above and Below được dùng khi vật này không ngay phía trên hay phía dưới vật kia theo chiều thẳng đứng
e. Over and Under: diễn tả mối quan hệ theo chiều thẳng đứng. A is over B. B is under A.
f. behind: sau, đằng sau. In front of : ở phía trước
g. between: ở giửa hai người hai vật , among: giửa nhiều người nhiều vật.
h. near: gần
i. next to: bên cạnh, sát ngay
2. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động:
a. across: từ bên này sang bên kia, băng qua
b. along: dọc theo chiều dài của vật gì
c. around: vòng quanh
d. down: xuống , up: lên
e. into: vào trong
f. off: xuống hoặc ra khỏi mặt phẳng đang tựa
g. out of: ra ngoài, ra khỏi
h. past: (đi, chạy… ) ngang qua một người, vật …
i. through: xuyên qua một vật gì
3. Giới từ chỉ phương tiện vận chuyển: BY, IN , ON
a. BY; Được dùng để nói cách mà chúng ta đi lại
Ex: by car , by bus, by coach, by bicycle, by air/ plane, by ship / sea, by road … nhưng ON FOOT: đi bộ
Khi có a, an, the, my, his, … trước car, train , bus ta không thể dùng BY. Trong trường hợp này ta dùng IN với
CAR , ON với bicycle, motorbike và các phương tiện vận tải công cộng như xe buýt , tàu lửa
Ex: He sometimes visits his parents IN his car.
Last Saturday they went for a ride ON a motorbike.
Are you going to travel ON the 7.00 train?

4. DURING, FOR ,IN .
a. Cả IN và DURING có thể được dùng để chỉ một khoảng thời gian.
We were on my uncle’s farm during / in the summer. It rained during / in the afternoon.
Chúng ta thường dùng DURING để chỉ một việc xảy ra xuyên suốt thời gian nào đó.
b. FOR: dùng để nói một việc nào đó kéo dài trong bao lâu. Ex: We were on my uncle’s farm FOR two
weeks.
III. Những lưu ý đặc biệt về giới từ:
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1. IN và WITH:
a. IN: có thể được dùng để nói quần áo, mũ, giày dép mà một người nào đó đang mặc, đội, mang.
Ex: This morning he went to work IN a black suit. Who is that woman IN the white dress?
b. WITH: Có thể được dùng để nói vật, đồ vật mà một người nào đó hoặc một vật gì đó có.
Ex: She is a good-looking girl WITH blond hair. This is a beautiful city WITH a population of two million.
2. IN THE END & AT THE END:
a. IN THE END: Có nghóa là cuối cùng hoặc sau cùng.
Ex: In the end she came back to London with the first prize in the beauty contest.
She had refused many times but in the end she accepted to go to the opera house with her colleagues.
b. AT THE END: Có nghóa là vào thời điểm, vào lúc cuối một việc gì đó kết thúc.
EX: They are going to Korea at the end of this month.
At the end of the meeting all of us felt disappointed.
3. IN TIME & ON TIME: In time : kòp lúc ; On time: đúng giờ quy đònh.
4. LIKE & AS:
a. LIKE : dùng để nói về sự giống nhau, khi so sánh.
Ex: His youngest brother is quite like him.
She run like the wind in the race.
Ngoài ra LIKE có thể được dùng khi nêu ví dụ:
He can play some sports, like football, tennis and volleyball.
b. AS : dùng để nói về nghề nghiệp của một người nào đó hoặc chức năng của một vật gì.
Ex: She once worked AS a secretary for a big company.
This stone can be used As a hammer.

AS có thể được dùng như một liên từ trước một mệnh đề (có chủ ngữ và động từ).
Ex: Why didn’t you type the letter as I told you?
I bought the car as I had told you.
IV. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION: (Tính từ + Giới từ)
1. Angry, annoyed, nervous, worried about something: tức giận, khó chòu, sợ hãi, lo lắng về việc gì.
2. Good at/ bad at something: Giỏi , không giỏi về việc gì.
3. Amazed, astonished, shocked, surprised at / by something: lấy làm lạ, ngạc nhiên, sửng sốt, kinh ngạc
về / bởi việc gì.
4. Famous/ well-known, responsible for something: nổi tiếng, chòu trách nhiệm về việc gì.
5. Interested in something: quan tâm đến, thích thú trong việc gì.
6. Afraid, ashamed, aware, capable, fond, jealous, proud, suspicious, tired of something: sợ hãy, xấu hổ
về, có ý thức về, có năng lực để làm, rất thích, đố kò với, tự hào, nghi ngờ, nhàm chán về / với việc gì.
7. Nice, kind, polite, rude, stupid of somebody: người nào đó ân cần, tử tế, lòch sự, thô lỗ, ngớ ngẩn.
Ex: + It is very nice of you to say so. + It was kind of Alice to lend you a grammar book. + It is polite of him
to let the old woman sit in his seat. + It was so rude of her to leave without saying anything to the manager. +
It was stupid of you to sign the form without reading it.
8. Nice, kind, polite, rude to somebody: cần, tử tế, lòch sự, thô lổ với người nào đó.
Ex: He was nice to us when we visited him last summer.
9. Keen on something: say mê việc gì
10. Engaged, married to somebody: đính hôn, kết hôn với người nào.
11. Similar to something: tương tự, giống như cái gì.
12. Pleased, bored, disappointed, happy with something/ somebody: Hài lòng, chán nản, thất vọng, hạnh
phúc về việc gì / người nào.
V. DANH TỪ + GIỚI TỪ:
1. difference between A and B : sự khác nhau giửa A và B.
Ex: There is only one difference between my watch and yours.
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2. relationship between A and B: mối liên hệ giửa A and B.
Ex: The relationship between my company and his is very good.
3. demand, need for something: sự đòi hỏi về việc gì, nhu cầu về việc gì.

Ex: They refused his demand for higher pay. There is a great need for new books in this library.
4. reason for something: lý do về việc gì.
Ex: Tell me your reason for leaving this company. What is the reason for doing that.
5. increase/ rise, decrease / fall in something: sự gia tăng, sự giảm sút trong việc gì.
Ex: There has been an increase / a rise IN the price of gas. There has been a decrease / fall IN the prices of
motorbikes.
6. Difficulty in doing something; difficulty with something: khó khăn trong khi làm việc gì đó; khó khăn
với việc gì đó.
Ex: He has difficulty IN finding a good job. Do you have any difficulty WITH your homework?
7. Example, cause, picture, photograph of something: ví dụ về, nguyên nhân của, bức tranh vẽ, bức ảnh
chụp cái gì.
Ex: This is a good example of our hard work. What is the cause of the accident? He showed me a picture of
the building.
Where is the photograph of your family?
8. Answer, reply, solution, reaction to something: câu trả lời cho, hành động đáp lại, giải pháp cho, phản
ứng lại việc gì.
Ex: She got an answer TO her application for the job. I asked him a question, but he made no reply TO it.
He has found the solution TO the crossword puzzle. What was her reaction TO the decision?
9. Attitude to / towards something: thái độ, quan điểm về việc gì.
Ex: What is her attitude TO / TOWARDS his proposal? She showed a positive attitude TO her work.
VI. GIỚI TỪ + NOUN:
1. By accident, chance, mistake: do tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên, sơ suất.
Ex: He found the solution to the problem BY accident. I met that famous singer once BY chance.
I took her English grammar book BY mistake.
2. (To pay) by cheque, by credit card, in cash: trả bằng séc, bằng thẻ tín dụng, bằng tiền mặt.
Ex: When I go shopping, I’d like to pay BY cheque. Do you want to pay BY cheque or BY credit card?
I don’t think that paying IN cash is more convenient than BY cheque.
3. A book, play, film, painting … BY somebody: một quyển sách, vở kòch, bộ phim, bức tranh do người nào
đó viết, vẽ, dựng.
Ex: Have you read any book BY James Joyce? I watched “Hamlet” BY Shakespeare last night.

Have you seen any painting By Van Gogh?
4. (To go) for a drink, meal, walk, swim: Đi uống nước, ăn, dạo, bơi.
Ex: It’s so hot. I wish I could go FOR a swim. Would you like to go out FOR a walk?
5. (To have something) for breakfast, lunch, dinner: Dùng món gì đó cho bửa ăn sáng, ăn trưa,ăn tối.
Ex: Most students often have bread FOR breakfast. Did you have rice and soup for lunch?
6. For example: lấy ví dụ như.
Ex: I would like to go somewhere interesting tonoght, FOR EXAMPLE a cinema or a theatre.
7. In somebody’s opinion: theo ý kiến của người nào đó.
Ex: In my opinion you should apologize to him. In his opinion students are now more and more studious.
8. To go on business, holiday: đi công tác , đi nghỉ mát.
Ex: He has to travel a lot ON business. Are you going to Italy ON business or ON holiday?
9. On television, the radio: trên truyền hình, đài phát thanh.
Ex: Is there anything interesting ON television tonight? She often practises listening to English news ON the
radio.
VII. ĐỘNG TỪ + GIỚI TỪ:
1. Apply (to somebody) for something: xin ai việc gì.
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