1
!" #$%#& '"( )
**
+,-
!"#$$
%&' ())*+))),-
.!/' ())*+))),)
0" ())*+)))+1
234' ())*+)))55
'23678 ())*+))(+)
8' ())*+))+))
.90. ())*+))):+
. /% 012345
2
!" #$%#& '"( )
**
+,-
. /% 012345
3
676
4
4
+879-:*+;<-=+;7>?@+,
1.1.ABCDE& FG#&"HIJFK&LM DNOBPI" FI
1.1.1. 7NODI"&%"
;$"'<=!>?="@AB"C' B'"23"#2DE"'<8FCG
=!>?'2H2DIB"C' J2K"$JLM=""J?J'?@M
NOP"Q"8B"="
1
RSRSS
→
drogenalactatdehy
1
RSRSS
T
(
T
TB"C' TB"="
'U$"'<=!>?="@A4M NONVBW"'
B"=">8 X 8=Q" $CO>N$2$ B" 3 YB?"A
C'CABZ[A'2HA?"?AS(Z# 8$CO>MU$"'<=!>?
>82\" NO"8
RNO=!>?="D/<
RNO=!>?="J<
.!>?="=8U$"'<=!>?MM$CO>=!>?M
M$CO>=!>?NO="=8I> NOU"']W"D^
KC
$ NO="A8 "Q"8B"XI>_"^=8"QW""3>
YJB?"=AB?"AB"3Z[2"'?C"JB?"="
I4"" 4#"Q"8JB?"=I"`JB?"=D2H"Q"8"a
="@b"a="@ 8B""'
JB?"=D2H"Q"8"a#`I="@"<U$"'<ID
DQ"D2HB"C' 2"'<8F"'!
CDIA"aB"C' A\?@>J?B=@`"8B?"=J?" 8
DI\2"L"Q"8JB?"=bB?"'"8CGW""3>M
M 0"==IW""3>8
5
1
RSRSS
→
azadecacboxyl
1
RScS
(
TB"C' TB?"=J?"
1
RS
→
− H(
1
RSRSR
1
b
1
RSRSR
1
TB?"=J?"B?"=TB?"
b
1RSc1RS
→
+ H(
1RSRSR1
(A1R%"J=
X""'dJB?"=D2H"Q"8"aB""'"<CeB
'2
SSR
(
RSRSS
→
−
(
CO
1
RSRSS
TB"B=B?"TB"C'
8DI"C"LB'23D/DEJf'Cg"'!
B> 'dAJB?"=D2H"Q"8"'MF>_"KQB
IRNhW"D'>"'2\Nh>Q 8"BIiNh'
(
>"<
JB?"=`"8B?"
1
RSRSR
1
→
+ H(
1
RSRSR
1
B?"=TB?"
6
Streptococcus diaxetylacticI"gNh 8"'>"'2\I"`BIi
Nh>Q
(
jkA)"<P"QD2H4JB?"='NDIStreptococcus citrovorusA
Streptococcus paracitrovorusV"QD2HB?"
1.1.2. 7NO$F&GL%"
;$"'<=!>?"'B'"'$CO>J2K"$JLM
NO"'=8>`I=@AB"="
k
+(
S
k
1
(
R
(
SSc(S
(
c(
(
=@TB""'
.!>?"'=8>_"U$"'<Ce"QC2D"\D`>"Q"8B"
C' "<B'"23"#2=!>?'2H
TB"C' "Q"8J2K"$JLMJ?B=@`"8B?"=J?"
8"a(C6"hB?"=J?"=Q`I"C"8B?"J='/J`I>_
C6"hAB?"J=`"8B""'
(
1
S
→
acacboxylaz
1
RS
(
S
1
(
(
SS
TB?"=J?"TB?"J=TB""'
;$"'<=!>?"'X"Q"8>_"=2Hl+B"2B?"A
C'=AC'=A'2H?"=Z.!>?"'=$U$"'<N>>^A=8
!66!>& NI"'$CO> 8"2HC/
MC>$"
1.1.3. 7NO(LQ(%Q%"
NOC'CI"``I=@AB"=" 8$>^MI
"8B"C'C'>]"'2\HCAU$"'<=!>?D4"'UDQ"Q
"8B"C'
BW"C$""a=@"<JMU$"'<"23"#2=!>?'2HA
X"aB"=""<J=""J?J'?@ NOBm"$P"Q"8B"
C'
1
RSRSS
→
drogenazalactatdehy
1
RSRSS
7
TB"="TB"C'
C"?>_"CGB"C' Dn"8B?=J?" 8B"B?"A>_"CG
B"C' =Q`"8B"="'/B"C'C
1
RSRSS
→
−
(
CO
1
RS
→
+ OH
(
1
RSSc(
TB"C' TB?"=J?"TB"B?"
(
1
RSRSS
→
+ H:
(
1
RSRSS
→
+ H:
(
1
R
(
RSSc(
(
S
TB"C' TB"="TB"C'C
NOC'CXI"`"$JL"?>_"$N$ <=QS
(
"a
B"C' "<2H=QAB"C' =QN"HC KS
(
D`"Q"8B"B=B?"
=Q>_"C6"h2K"Q"8B"B 8^&=8B"C'C
1
RSRSS
→
+
(
CO
SSR
(
RSRSS
→
+ H:
SSR
(
R
(
RSS
TB"C' TB"B=B?"R(STB"B
1
R
(
RSScS
(
TB"C'C
.!>?C'CDI "'XU"']"'U$"'<MC>$"
1.1.4. K"RSDNOT K"
8$ NO="A"'AC'CAW>>?A"' 8$CO>
XI$=Q NON$2 NON$2 NOD2\'_"A NO
B?"o">`I="@ 8"Q"88=Q"$HCW"gJLA
NOD2\'_"N=!>?="@"Q"8$B" 8$NgDQDGM
U$"'<8DN"Q"8B"C' ^2=!>?'2H
pDQ"C"?AB"C' I"``I'W"DJQA"Q"88
=Q"$W""?3D/
1RSRSS
→
+ H(
1RSRSS
TB"C' TB"="
8
'D4N>NgA NOD2\'_"I"`hJLB"="U$
"'<WC
1
RSRSScS
(
1S
(
c1
(
S
NOB?"=8 NONgI"'!4>b"$CO>PBI
'2H?"="8B"B?"
9
NOB?"XI"`BI$'2HN$AD2\ 8>_"^B"N$
."@=8=B"MMX8>=2H"'<:Akq 8"23D^n
D."@=8>_"J'"
+(
S
((
S
++
Ag"X" 8og"]"3'@
."@I "'XU"']"'BW"C>$"A$=Q=!>?A3=!
>?AF <="@=8!=MD`"Q"8B""'$CO>I"'!
$"'?C"NC$""'`"'AVhJL)A,R+qA>C"K:A*
rDQ""KC8"<#C$""'` 8"Q"8B"M NO8oa
X$ NO"<U?Y'JiC?J"?>"?'["<hJL
N1q="@"'D`"Q"8BWCBV1qB"=""e=8D2C 4BWCBV1
76o=8KQN""m#C$""'` 8#"Q"8B"
1.2.!U%B% UV&DNO"K"BW( )&XBPI
.!>?$CO>"aA"PD2H$CO>=!>?7I=8"!]
M >_" "0C HC $ CO> 2 '"A N?s'A >?'A N>
YN>[A'?>=!>?Y="'?J'?>[A3Y'""?'[
7`BW"$=QCO>=!>?A2\"W$1 0"N$
8 8N"U=8A`I="@"8B"="AS(AB"B?"AJB?"=A
B?"=J?" 8$HCW"3N$A"QCO>>_">&A Db"'2_"
CO>2N?s'AN>Xe>_"=2Hl'2H?"=
$CO>=!>?I/^"arC 8ICn
$2K7tA't
;$"'<=!>?A`="@"8B"="I"$JL8U'W"
"^"AF=PC"WCN^#C$""'`M NO6"^ 8$ NOIQ
N$
10
$CO>=!>?D`ID_"!IF=P$W"D4DED2H
`I"KJQ3"`JWC"LADb"D^ K2\8 8"'u?>
7^$CO>=!>?=8"evwvN!x 8I"$JL
hJL$CO>=!>?I"$JLNg"g#""J ANg"g#
"'DnW"A NO="YI"'$CO>8[I"$JLN^#
C$""'`M NO6"^'F'_"8$"8CGJJ2y2
C'"?A=C"A=B"A$CO>=!>?Xe4 ">A$W"N$
"`'W"I9z"'D4"'>_"^
0"JD`=!>?Y="'?XD2H]=8M 0"[DE
D2H"D"aN$=6
M 0"I"`V/>>_"=8b=8{HCM4=8_"
^=8 2 "'?C" ="A'?>'A"?'>C=2 JB?"="A
.?""' '>=QINv"Q'$W""3>
hJL=Q NO8A K"|=!D`N"U"^"W"=8>^
U"6>M$8N]'!""'2\I'W"4=QMN$
N$ 4"8CG NOA 4"|=mA 4"'Q"$YJQ=lA
DbA_"Z[&"?G 8D4NBW">82\"=#]C23$
"gHCW"
W44Một số vi khuẩn thường dùng trong công nghệ sản xuất các sản phẩm
sữa lên men.
HU%B% UV& %!& Y
DN O0
Q
7N O
DI"&QZIY#
7N O
I[%&[%&L%"
Y#
+\ R] &LQ BW
[F^&
[%&
DI"&%"
^&
T K"
Streptococcus
thermophilus
S. lactic
S. cremoric
S. diaxetylactic
Leuconostoc
citrovorum
L. casei
L. lactic
:)R:*
(*R1)
(*R1)
(*R1)
(*R1)
1)
:)R:*
)A-
)A-
)A-
)A-
)A-
+A*
+A*
R
R
R
R
S
(
R
R
S
(
JB?"=
S
(
JB?"=
=!>?
}>"
=!>?
=!>?AC>$"A
3
=!>?
}>$"
11
L. helveticus
L. bulgaricus
:)R:*
:)R:*
(A)
+A*
R
R
}>$"
=!>?AC>$"
=!>?
NO="IFG">]3243=8FNO="
/>== 87^ NO8"!J"F-)
)
A>_"^"<V"!
J"F,)
)
$ NO8hJL="@=8>/ 8'B"=";$
"'<=!>?I"`V"Q"8>_"CO>M=8B"="Y=!>?D/
<i>s?'>?"" ?s?'>?""[b"Q"8B"=" 8$W"N$2
B"B?"AS
(
AJ'Y=!>?J<i?"?'s?'>?"" ?s?'>?""[
rv=!>?M$=8 NON$=8N^}G=K$
NO="INv"Q"8"a)A*D+A*qB"="A>_"^=8I"`"Q'
43"K1q
7`C$""'`A$ NO="G/"33mhJL/
8"aU$"'<`I?J"$JLM$C"'"?@rv"MC6
C'"?Y?[CL"_ 8"a=8
'^$ NO="DIA "'?C" JB?"=" 8 .?"
"' '>I"`=!>?B"B"'DJ" 8JB?"=JB"J
NO=""Q"8"aU$"'<=!>?B"B"' 8="@D2H"0C"'F
N"'^"'C>"A"Q"8$={'{
JB""Q>&'W"Db"'2MDGY>"?'="'?[ 8Mh
JLo2>&$CO>=!>?
B?"="Q"8"a=!>?B"B"'=8>"v>&'W"Db"'2MM>?
$A$CO>=!>? 83."==?= ?="=8=='W"U"']
"'U$"'<MC>$"~>>?"=mD2HD2 8FJQ!
W"
12
2
+;<-=+,-:-
24 _DQS%BPI" FI:Q FL&
2\"•'""8=QCL"_ 8"\D`>"8U$"'<
=!>?
1. •'"JQw?""C?xY•'""'4"^["'U"'<
BW"ANnM 0"2\"P"8'I"_C 8=!
>?"'_C
2. •'"JQw"''?J"C?xY•'"JQNW["'U"'<
BW"AnM 0" 8"8=!>?"'B"?=K
DIP"8=8>=Q 8'I"_C
3. •'"JQwJ'N•'"xY•'"JQ^[U"'<
BW""23"#2•'"=Q"''?JVN$ND"LAP"8
C"8JAI"`UBh=9"bN"'2KN'I"_C
4. •'"JQws'@?"C?xY•'"JQDDb["'U
"'<BW"DDbM"'"& 8=8>D=Q2N?>
22FGND%!FR`BW[F^&BPI" FI:Q FL&
224+PIFGND%!F
I"`D2HBW""a"23A_"ADbA8!
b"$
!=hJL"'BW"CIW"=2H"^"$!
GU"']!=2
Rn^"8"'8"WC8"^"
Rre"`"#NOY"?'C?[
RreN$
Rre$?@>?
RreJ2=2HIW"I/^"aU$"'<"O' 8 JL
Lb""D#
V"!I=9U"']M!==88>=2HW"€ 88>
=2HW"NN€
13
W"€"'"2\JQ<G']+>="2\IN43a4b
&cQ"G€.2HW"€"'PD2HV\U$"'<OID`
C&HC"?!GMCO>
n$W"ND2H`=88>=2H$W"X=Q"'U$"'<
8Ng 8=8>^3"8_=2H2KYJQN=!N"[I"'W"N
N€=8^"n$W"N 88>=2HW"€"'$"'8>
=2HW"NN€"'X"2\=8d04e?UDM•S‚ƒTS
=2HW"NN€ND2H"WC3f02e$N"U!e"'2KD6
DEe>'dN""v8>=2HW"N"'!=ADb"=8
"v8>=2H? 8C'"?""P=8>W"'mN^D"'F!
4 8nD3A"'$D2H"2H"$"""'CO>
"'4"^
222g%T F)DI"&%"
'BW""2\hJL=Q
RLactobacillus bulgaricus=8 NO=!>?D`<AC$""'`"^"F"D_
:*i*)
"'>"'2\ID_JL. bulgaricusI"`"Q'"'N^D
(-qJ=""aD2\="?AC"^"gML.bulgaricus=8*(i*k
RStreptococus thermophilusC$""'`"^"W"F"D_*)
8"^"F
"D_1-i:)
76o=8 NO="=!>?D`<INv"
Dk*
"'1)Cm"„C"^""gMS.thermophilus=8kkik,
'BW"A W{HC=Q NO8N"U"^"
3=8VhJL'!"a=QL. bulgaricusIe?@>?C6C'"?!
14
Hnh 2.1:Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Hnh 2.2: Streptococus thermophilus
INvC6"$D2H>_"^>J"a?$>J8AU"']
W"=8 =?I "'X2=8$W"Ng"Q"D_S.thermophilusr
> "W P DQ" "! O "^" W" N "| = S.thermophilus/L.
bulgaricusd+‚+
rhJL{HC=Q NO"'!A2\""WFDQDGMU$
"'<=!>?AC"gHCW"S. thermophilusQ"D_>2" 8D>
U$"'<=!>?="D2H…"DGQ"D_?@>?C6M?M.
='Ng"g#C$""'`MS. thermophilus 8DNo=8>D_J
"v=!>CM=8>S. thermophilusNIC$""'`AL. bulgaricus
"""D_"gHC#C$""'`M{HC=Q NO8Y"|=
+‚+[=8:1i:*
"'C2\""2\hJL{HCS. thermophilus 8
L. bulgaricusJ2KJQ_"DIINg
225 ]%I& '"( )
2.2.3.1. Cht to ngt
7` "v ]" A 2\ " "2\ n D2\ Yglucose,
sacharose…[ 8"'U$"'<72\I"`D2Hn"'#"Cb
J2KJQC'??"'$67^ K$CO>J82\vN!A$8
BW"hJLW""Q]"A"JLW"=8C'">?
2.2.3.2. Cht n đnh
W"nDD2HhJLd>"Q"'Q"$nDA2"QD_
?=4 =8>N"$=KC"'U$"'<U$W"n
D"2\hJL=8?="AC?"A'R'AZm=8W"22K 8I
"`=!N" K2K.QW"nD 88>=2HhJL"^2"aCO>
PD2HB$DdC23C$C"#>W"nD=8I>W"CLD2
8"#CO>CDQ"$!G
Rr>"gW"JJ2y
Rr6D_QD^ KeNl?2\
15
R72H=8>"a!=DED2H=#]O"0 8C"6"?U
D 4"gD/W"AD_"N""?"!OM_D/6tA†A
"ne=23"#"KƒTSAZ
R'2KNhJLGN`>"'N†=2y 8CD2HC€ChJL"&"?
=0"M>{2K
22h&BiFGND%!FT K"
'$6$=Q2"3>AJ6A'A"$ZD2Hn 8"2\
J2KJQC'??IJQC'??C'??"#!YNn"!>D2\[ 8
C'??In"!>D2\8>=2HD2\"'C'??"2\>*)R**q
_"^CO>XD2Hn23= 8>8"'U$"'<
BW"&"?"<<M>{U^>8J>L$CL23=
8>8D2HC€ChJL"'"#CO> K=4=2H"^DUDI
"`PN$
16
Sữa nguyên liệu
Tiêu chuẩn hóa
Bài khí và hiệu chỉnh chất khô
Gia nhiệt
Đồng hóa
Thanh trùng
Làm nguội
Cấy men
Chiết rót vào bao bì
Lên men
Ủ chín
Bảo quản lạnh
Yoghurt
truyền thống
Phụ gia
Bao bì
Chế phẩm vi khuẩn lac8c
Hoạt hóa
25+AY.JFG&LM BW[F^&BPI" FI:Q FL&
254jFG&LM BW[F^&BPI" FI:Q FL&RSkBO&&G(Ol
+AY.JFG&LM
17
FG#&% JFG&LM " !
o +PIFGND%!F
7`BW"'"G]=QIW"=2H
R 7_ A"n^ NO"WC
R reN$YC?=A"'?C">[A"?'C?Y"#NO
"`[
R re$W""O'hAW"$"NOY gJLA$W"DIXI"=Q
U$"'<'h[AW"vU$"'<=!>?
Q8>$GN`>"'!>b"$V"!D_"23AD_QA"nW"
NA8>=2HW"€A>U
o %NF" F) mI
Mục đích công nghệ: 8"
;$"'<OIPV/D_W"€"'"23"?!G 4
8>=2H€"'CO>'""2\A8>=2HW"€"''"
JD_"'N)A*R1A*q
Nguyên tắc và phương pháp:
!=I8>=2HW"€"WCA"Pn"!>'?> 8
.2HW"€"''?>"^"`N"WC3+(q 8"2\JD_"a1*i
:)q2H=QA2!=I8>=2HW"€A"I"`n
GbhJLU$"'<="6>D`"$K"W"€'Nl
Thao tác:
p$J64BW"DQAU$"'<"$ 8V=2HW"€
"'D2H"#8"8"#D_
7G"!A8€PD2H3> 8>$="6>Q"D_"?C23C$C
=!"LIJXCO>"$"'Nl"">_"JX=8G 8>_"JX=8
'?>8>=2H€"'JXCO>"'!PCL"_ 8D_Q"D_
M>$="6>C"?A>_"CG'?>PD2HC^"'_"'F=Q KJXGD`
8>=2HW"€"'{HCDQ"Dm$"'!GMCO>""'&
18
}G'?>J2PD2DBh=9"CD`8"!CO>'?>'BW"
"2\D2H"3_"'2KND2 8>$="6>D`"$€
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu, thiết bị và thông số công nghệ: 'U$"'<
OIA$V"! 0"=9MP"Dn2"V"']A^"'4"Z
o n%T /Un %!F" o " ^&T
Mục đích công nghệ: U$"'<8NgI>LDg
+ O8NgP=8>"vU"'4"NBh=9""23F
DQ"C"?
+ 8"8NgmCW"'m?=M'""8CO>D2HD/
W"AQ#BW"$]"Ng"'CO>
;$"'<V8>=2HW"N"'"23I>LDg=8
8"
?%'? 8.'C?"Y+5,5[A"n8>=2HW"N"^2U$"'<
=!>?"'BW"=8"a+:i+kq#"A>{8BW"P]>_"
$"'"gHCCO>M><"2\A"23I8>=2HW"N
N++A*i+(A-q7`"v8>=2HW"N"'"23AOU$"'<
=!>?A"I"`]>_""'C$C"JLJ2KD6
R Db"'D4N6ND`=8>3D>_"2KW"D`
"gU$"'<Db"2\>D"a+)i()qrDIA"n8>=2H
W"N"'P"v"a+A*i1)q$8BW"I"`hJL""
8NgAN"HCDb"'D4N6Nb""Db
JQ>8'3
R %n"!>_"G 8"238>=2H_"GhJL"2\
N31q KN^=2H"23
R %n"!>Db 8"23
R ‡h=9dC23C$C!=]b"G>"W2H"'!""C6
'!d>?>'?XCO>NU>8"$"'"a""C6
'!I8>=2HW"NPD2HhJLD`=8>!=BW"
19
Gm9=8"'C23C$CC6'!d>?>'?AD^"2H!
=C=8G <$Q"G€"'"23!N?>"2\6'
"2H"…P>?>'?"'U$"'< 08U$"'<C6'!A$8
BW"PC^"'_W"€YJQ'?>bJ'>=Ns"Tƒ[ KJX
CO>'?"?""?D`=!>?
ˆCW" 08"'U$"'<!=]=8+i+)';$"'<8P"$>_"
CG2KAD2\="?A$W"Ie"3CC'"? 8N$'NlX
"'U$"'<"O>"W2HA$CW" 08P3 8JD_"'N
1)ik)'XC?'>?"?"D2H"aU$"'<"O>"W2HI"8CGM
=82K 8>_"^X"I"'
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu:
c] 8I$ 0" 8?@>?"'!=Pe
cI=9>_"^C6"hC'"?"g"&"?D_Bh=9Y"D_
8"\[>8>eD_"gM$C6"hC'"?PN$
cI]"D_"vP=8>$CeI]B'JJ83
&"?$"'"D_ 8"\Bh=9>8$CeI]PB' K
>eD_N$;"']W"=8Ce=='JI>NhMD2\
="? 8I>>M$J> 8$C?C"J?I"'!=
c0"=9"V"'] 8D_K"MP"Dn"'U$"'<Bh=9"
o %I %!&
Mục đích công nghệOU$"'<D/I"C"?
Thao tác:
D2H"=!:)‰AU""="6>=8>Q 8="6>"!OI
8>=2HW"€
R &"_GA8>=2HW"€M'""a)A*R1A)q
R 8>=2HW"NN€"^"`,A(q
R W"nDI"`V8?="AC?"A'R'mI"$JLvbU$
"'<"$2KF"8CO>A"vD_K"
20
'"NIW"nDrBW"UAI"`
"!>W"nD
rvD"LMP>N=2HD"gJ23>YM
(c
[2\""!>=
(
K=2H)A)(R)A):q"'>_"^"\D`>"'
v>2\"I"`"!>D2\J2KJQD2\'@b=@"'"'2\
HCBW"UY>e"U""2\e*)qD2\'@[
o . mI
Mục đích công nghệ:8"
;$"'<D/I=8>CO>"'F!D/W"A$Q"€P>
Ng"2K 8D2HC6^D4"'CO>
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu:
c0"=9Ng"2KMQ"G€"'P>DA"D_MP"v
ŠJ"$D_M$CW"Yr$CW"D/I"v"?>:)">"<"D_M
P"v+
)
[
cI=9J"g4>b"CJG 82K"'o"23"vA"a
DI=8>"vev4>b"M$Q"G€"'
o I &L`
Mục đích công nghệ:
+ O;$"'<Bh=9"Pe4 0" 8?@>?"'
"23A\DI^ NO="PC$""'`"^"3"'U$"'<=!>?8'A
U$'<8X=8>"g3_>_"^C'"?"'A\DI>8#D"L
C'"?"'U$"'<=!>?PJ'3 8W"'m?=M'"PnD
3
c%U;$"'<Bh=9"P"$V"! 0"
CO>'"ADb"=8$V"!=!UDI> 0"6
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu:
c] 8I$ 0" 8?@>?"'!=Pe
21
cI=9>_"^C6"hC'"?"g"&"?D_Bh=9Y"D_
8"\[>8>eD_"gM$C6"hC'"?PN$
cI]"D_"vP=8>$CeI]B'JJ83
&"?$"'"D_ 8"\Bh=9>8$CeI]PB' K
>eD_N$;"']W"=8Ce=='JI>NhMD2\
="? 8I>>M$J> 8$C?C"J?I"'!=
c0"=9"V"'] 8D_K"MP"Dn"'U$"'<Bh=9"
o ^GO
Mục đích công nghệ
cOW^ NO=" 8=8D`OU$"'<=!>?
"C"?
c8"nW">8 8W">& 8P=8>DJQI$V
"!>UMCO>
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu :
rn"'2\^ 8$W">8AW">& 8"<"8CG
I]MP"DnDm"Gm9=8ChJL$W">8 8>&F
JQ "'&
Thao tác
• F)$p" HU%B% UV&
'2K"A OM 0"Y"'BW""2\]=8>?
^[GD>D_gB$ 8 "'&
M"2\/>Streptococcus thermophilus 8LactobacỉUus buỉgaricus.
|=g‚==g"2\++b(+!A"|=8I"`"Dn\
hJLC"6"M!>b"F=PNW"'F=QY'?C?"?J"'g?'[J
>
rJ&M_""23>QY>>?'=="'?[2X"W`"C
>_" 8=GD`"6Q""gMM 8D`'m"…"\=!>?"'BW"
22
Sữa nguyên liệu
Xử lý nhiệt
Làm nguội
Cấy chủng VSV
Lên men
Làm lạnh
Bảo quản
Men cái
Men giống
"2\A"aM_"PW+RMD$Y>"?'="'?['/W"C=G
(RM"eM"'Y"?'>?J"?[ 8W=G1RMhJLY=N
"'"?'[
\W=G=2H">"a,i=)AkR, 8=G1N1R:
OM=8>_"N6'W"U"']AU"DW"=2HM$
CO>=!>?•!GC"6"M>_"$!>b"$2K 8"'D€
N "'&
jFG&LM " F)$pO%i
J&=8>>"'2\CIW"=2HA"n^ NO"WCANI
W"N$ANeW""O'h"'&\"D_5)R5*‰"'+*R1)
Cm"d>"!J"8"8A=Q"'a$W"N<>E>Y"'"?[A"g
C'"?A=QlBX"N""'&AD2H=8>_D"D_=!
>?+,R+5‰C>$"A()R((‰3 8:)R:*‰
• WQJFW" HU%B% UV&
23
'"'2\HCM=8JQ_"YD2HWC23C$C"v["<I"`
UD2HN$=62HD`>=8CQ"$YW`"C(R1=G['/>K
hJL
GD6AB2KJ&M?"'"=QDYs'@??"'"?[2
M"eYM"'[0Wtrực"C 8N$Cn‹D`>3
MM=QD8=8'W""8A"0" 8N"Ye-)>=M?"'"
DM=8>>?*))=">?^[
• ^G" HU%B% UV&
GD>Dm^=2HA"D_.2HMXCL"_ 8"|=
NO"QB"=" 8 NO"Q23 |=8P2F"K>& M
CO>
• F)$pBPI&Lqr"T %DsO
a"&68-AD2H3> 8v8""eW"M""
"'Dn"2,6"D_M=!-)‰ 8DI=!5)‰lv8"
"eID2HD2U""^6N3D`>+)R()q=2H
2KA"e=8"v8>=2HW"N=!"a+A*D1q2\"I"`D4V
24
M 25Sơ đổ các bước cấy chủng
8>=2H2K$3d$"Dn"D_MA"^D_"O8"'
""^3o2D_6NnMI
2\"I"`"6JL2K=Q'"aD`6"D_M!
= 8a""^36NAD2HD2 8""D/$4 K$C
W"())R(*)'DED/$U"'F=Q"""'Dn"(D`""'&
F5)R5*‰ 8ờ""=2"* K"\1R*Cm"CDID2H=8>
_d2K=QD"D_=!>?"gHC
M 2hSơ đồ dây chuyển chuẩn bị sữa trước khi lén men:
+R"&6d„(R"""'Dn"„1R""^36N„
4- ""D/$„*R""=2"
o %#&Lm&UnQ$IQ$M
Mục đích công nghệ:8"
Các biến đổi của nguyên liệu:
;$"'<'I"$"8CO> 8< 8DI…CD2H"# 8
"'D4NNg!DnB'"'$"8CO>=8ND$N`
o 7NO
Mục đích công nghệ:
cU$"'<=!>?=8>"Dn"8CGI] 8$"'>U
M"23A`I"23"8CO>'"
25