Lý thuyết thì hiện tại hoàn thành present perfect

Present Perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. Form
a. Khẳng định : I / you / we / they + have + P
II

He / she / it + has
b. Phủ định : S + haven't + P
II

hasn't
c. Nghi vấn : Have + S + P
II
?
Has
* P
II
: Phân từ 2 (phân từ quá khứ):
- Là dạng quá khứ đơn của động từ có qui tắc.
- Động từ bất qui tắc :
Eg : - go - went - gone
- do - did - done
2. The use
a. Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, đi với just
Eg : - I've just cleaned my house. (Tôi vừa mới lau nhà)
b. Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng không nhắc tới thời điểm xảy ra của hành
động.
Eg : - I've lost my key. (Tôi đã bị mất chìa khóa)
Khác với câu I lost my key yesterday. (Tôi đã mất chìa khóa hôm qua )
c.Diễn tả hành động đã diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian vẫn còn là hiện tại today, this week /
month
Eg : - Have you seen Lan today ?

- No, I haven't.
- There have been 3 accidents here this month. (Đã có 3 tai nạn ở đây vào tháng này)
d. Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng thời điểm không rõ ràng, đi với already (đã
rồi), recently, lately (gần đây), before (tr ớc kia) .
Eg : - He's already done his homework.
- I've seen this film 3 times before. (Tôi đã 3 lần xem bộ phim này trớc đây)
e. Dùng với yet (ch a, vẫn ch a) trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định.
Eg : - Have you met your new teacher yet ?
- No, we haven't met her yet.
f. Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại , đi với since, for, up to now ,
so far (cho tới bây giờ),
- for + khoảng thời gian
Eg : - My brother has been a doctor for ten years now. (Anh tôi đã là bác sĩ đợc 10 năm)
- since + mốc thời gian
Eg : - We haven't met each other since we left school. (Chúng tôi đã không gặp nhau kể từ khi
chúng tôi ra trờng )
-Up to now / So far we have visited 3 countries in the world. (Cho tới bây giờ chúng tôi đã thăm 3 n-
ớc trên thế giới.)
g. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với ever (đã từng), never (cha bao giờ), ever đi với câu hỏi và
câu khẳng định
Eg : - Have you ever read this book ? ( Cậu đã từng đọc cuốn sách này cha ?)
-No, I've never read it. (Tôi cha bao giờ đọc nó)
- This is the most interesting film I've ever seen.( Đây là bộ phim hay nhất mà tôi đã từng xem)
h. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với
in the past 2/ 3 years/ months ( Trong 2/3 tháng/ năm qua) .
for last
Eg : -There have been a lot of changes in our town in the last 2 years. (Đã có nhiều đổi thay ở thị
trấn chúng tôi trong 2 năm qua)
i. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với This is the first, second, third time ( Đây là lần đầu tiên,
lần thứ hai )

Eg : - This is the first time I've tasted this food. (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đợc nếm món ăn này)
= I've never tasted this food before. (Trớc đây tôi cha bao giờ ăn món này)
k. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với
ages
for months (đã lâu rồi)
a long time
Eg : - I haven't seen my sister for ages. (Đã lâu rồi tôi không gặp chị gái tôi)
= It's ages since I last saw my sister. (Đã lâu rồi kể từ lần cuối cùng tôi gặp chị gái tôi)
CHUYN I T HIN TI HON THNH SANG QU KH N ( V NGC LI )
* Dng 1:
S + HTHT (ph nh) + for + thi gian =>Its + thi gian .+ since + last + QK (khng
nh)
Ex: I havent seen my father for one month.
It is one month since I last saw my father.
Tom hasnt had his hair cut for over three months.
It is three months since Tom last had his hair cut.
Dng 2:
S + HTHT (ph nh) + before => Its + the first time + S + HTHT (khng nh)
Ex: I havent seen that man here before. => It is the first time I have met that man here.
It is the first time I have read this book. => I havent read this book before.
* Dng 3:
- S + HTHT (ph nh) + since / for +
- S + last + QK (khng nh) + when + mnh
- The last time + S + QK (khng nh) + was + thi gian
Ex: I havent heard him since August. => The last time I heard him was in August.
I havent seen him since I left school. => I last saw him when I left school.

* Dng 4:
S + HTHT (khng nh) + for + thi gian => S + began / started + V-ing + thi gian + ago
Ex: I have worked here for ten years.=> I began working here ten years ago.

It started raining two days ago. > It has rained for two days.
Exercise 1 : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past.
2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far.
3/ He (visit) his friends recently.
4/ - You (see) her today ?
- No, I haven't seen her yet.
5/ She (do) her homework already.
6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life.
7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ?
8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet).
9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in the past 3 days.
10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ?
11/ Scientists (find) cures for many illnesses in the last 50 years.
12/ My uncle's health (improve) since he (leave) India.
13/ I (buy) a new shirt last week but I (not wear) it yet.
14/ I (not see ) Lan since we (leave) school.
15/ We just (move) to a new house but we (be) dissatisfied with it.
Exercise 2 : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1. There is no more cheese. I (eat)……………. it all, I’m afraid.
2. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………… a mistake.
3. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
4. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn)……… the heating on.
5. ………They (pay)…… money for your mother?
6. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
7. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
8. ………You ever (eat)………… Sushi?
9. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
10. I (work………… ) here for three years.
11. ………… You ever ………… (be) to New York?

12. You (not/do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose.
13. I just (see)………. Andrew and he says he …… already (do)………. about half of
the plan.
14. I ……… just (decide)……… to start working next week.
15. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
16. She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time.
17. My father (not/ play)……… any sport since last year.
18. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.
19. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.
20. I…… just (realize)………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
21. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
22. How long…… (you/know)………. each other?
23. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs ?
24. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet ?
25. He (live) ………….here all his life
26. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job ?
27. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave)
………… six.
28. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
29. She (write)………… three poems about her fatherland.
30. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
Exercise 3: Put since or for into the blanks
1.________ a week 2. ________Monday
3. ________last week 4. ________two hours
5. ________2002 6. ________ yesterday
7. ________three days 8. ________20 years
9. ________ the summer 10. ________12 May
11. ________ 8 o’clock 12. ________a long time
13. ________three years 14. ________ I was a child
Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense

1. Nam (study) _____________________ since last May.
2. (you / ever be) __________________________ to Da Lat?
3. His farther (just / sell) _______________________ his old house.
4. Nurses (look) ______ after patients in hospitals since last night.
5. (you/ ever / see ) ___________________ a ghost?-No,____________
6. They (live) ___________________ in that house for ten years.
7. I (work) _________________ with him since 1998
8. She (study) ___________________ English for 3 years now.
9. I (not see) ____________________ my form teacher for two weeks.
10. They (live) ____________________ there for the whole life.
11. (You/meet) ____________________ him since we said goodbye ?
12. Where (you /be) ________________________since 2008?
13. 7. We (not/ get) ___________________in touch with him for years?
14. I ( not/ know)_____________________ Ha Long Bay yet.
15. My father (watch) ___________________ this film many times.
16. ( you/ see ) _________________ Lan recently ? – No,___________
17. I ( never/ see) ___________________ Lan again since we left school.
18. We (no/ eat) __________________ in that restaurant for two years
19. I (do) _________________ my homework since last night.
20. She ( go) ________________ to Da Lat since last summer.
Exercise 5: Write sentences with the cue words.
EX: I / know / her / three months I have known her for three months
1. He / have / a cold / a week.
____________________________________________________
2. They / buy / the new house / September
____________________________________________________
3. My family / be / here / Christmas.
____________________________________________________
4. We / not see / each other / 10 years.
____________________________________________________

5. Mr. Nam / work / in the bank / a long time.
____________________________________________________
6. Tom and Jerry / love / each other / a long time.
____________________________________________________
7. My sister / start / a new job / yesterday.
____________________________________________________
8. Mr Robinson / teach / in this school / 1997.
____________________________________________________
9. I / write / this letter / six o’clock.
____________________________________________________
10. We / leave / our hometown / since / I / be / a child.
____________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense
1. –You (ever visit) ______________ Mexico?
2. I (know) ______________ Alex since he (be) ______________ a child.
3. –What you (learn) ______________ since you (come) ______________ here?
4. In the last fifty years, medical scientists (make) ______________ many important discoveries.
5. Since classes (begin) ____________, I (not have) _____________ much free time.
6. I (write) ______________ my wife a letter every day for the last two weeks.
7. –You (buy) ______________ a ticket yet?
8. We (just come) ______________ back from our holiday.
9. You ought to wash the car. You (not wash) ______________ it for ages.
10. –How long Trevor and Laura (be) ________ married? –Oh, for about three years.
11. I (not see) _____________ Rachel for a long time. She (not visit) _____________ since last
July.
12. –How long Vicky (have) ______________ that camera? –Since Thursday.
13. Until now I (always live) ______________ alone.
14. She (not find) ______________ a job up till now.
15. I love this film. I think it’s the fourth time I (see) ______________ it.
16. I (not play) ______________ table tennis before.

17. She (earn) ______________ millions of dollars since 1994.
18. The flu season (already begin) ______________. You (get) ______________ your flu shot yet?
19. I (live) ______________ here all my life.
20. You (hear) ______________ from Brian recently?
21. I (meet) ______________ a lot of interesting people in the last few days.
22. Everything is going well. We (not have) ______________ any problems so far.
23. We aren’t hungry. We (just have) ______________ lunch.
24. The house is dirty. They (not clean) ______________ it for weeks.
25. Prices (fall) ______________ sharply over the past six months.
26. They (be) ______________ to Chile three times.
27. Since Mr. Hassan (become) _________ president, both taxes and unemployment (increase)
______________.
28. I (not see) ______________ Tom this morning. Have you?
29. Bill is phoning his girl friend again. That’s the third time he (phone) ____________ her this
evening.
30. Fred (be) ______________ ill a lot in the past few months, hasn’t he?
31. –How many times you (visit) ______________ the United States? –Twice.
32. Susan really loves that movie. She (see) ______________ it eight times.
33. What a boring film. It’s the most boring film I (ever see) ______________.
34. This is the first time he (drive) ______________ a car. He (never drive) ______________ a car
before.
35. Jill (not write) ______________ to me for nearly a month.
36. – You (ever travel) ______________ in a helicopter? –Yes. I have. I (fly) ______________ in a
helicopter once.
37. Nothing like this (happen) ______________ before.
38. –You (meet) ______________ Robert lately?
39. She (do) ______________ very little work recently.
40. This is the only party that I (really enjoy) ______________ in my life.
CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
1.Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:

1) This is the first time he went abroad
.=> He hasn’t…………………………………………
2) She started driving 1 month ago
.=> She has…………………………………………………………………
3) We began eating when it started to rain
.=> We have……………………………………………………….
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven’t………………………………………………………….
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn’t……………………………………………………….
6) It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven’t……………………………………………………………
7) When did you have it ?
=> How long ………………………………………………………………….?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .
=> I haven’t……………………………………
9) I haven’t seen him for 8 days.
=> The last …………………………………………………
10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is ……………………………………………….
2.Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ra thì simple past hoặc present perfect:
1)We (studied) ……………a very hard lesson the day before yesterday…………………
2)We (have studied) …………………………………………almost every lesson in this book so
far……………………
3)We (have never watched)…………………………… that television
program………………………
4)We (watched) ………………………….an interesting program on television last night
…………………
5)My wife and I ……………………………………………(had travelled)by air many times in the
past

6)My wife and I (travelled)……………… to Mexico by air last summer
7)I (have read) ………………that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before.
8)I (read) …………………….that novel again during my last vacation .
9)I (had) …………………….a little trouble with my car last week.
10)However,I (have )……………………. no trouble with my car since then.
11) I (have ) ……………… this toy since my birthday.
12)We (live )………………….in HN for ten years now and like it a lot.
13)The last time I (go) ……………………to HN was in May
14)When my parents were on holiday I ( stay)……………… with my aunt for a week
15)I (not see ) my son for ages .He (not visit ) …………………… me since May
16)Tom ( be) …………….to HN twice .He loves it very much
17)My sister (work ) ……………………for an enterprise for two years .That was after college
18)I (move)……………… to HN in 2001 .I (be ) ………….there a long time now
19)It was so cold today that I (wear)…………… a sweater at school
20)So far this month there (be )……………………. three robberies in this street
21)When I was young I (meet )………… him three times
22)In the past few years ,it (become )……………… more and more difficult to get into university
23)I (feel )………………better since I ( live) ……………….here
24) Since I (be ) ……………………in this city I ( not see)…………… him
3. Khoanh tron dap an dung
1. When ____________ the school? a) have you joined b) did you joined c) did you join d) have
you ever joined
2. _____________ in England?
a) Did you ever worked b) Have you ever worked c) Worked you d) Didn't you have worked
3. That's the best speech _________a) I never heard b) I didn't hear c) I used to hear d) I've ever
heard
4. He's the most difficult housemate _____________________
a) I never dealt with. b) I never had to deal with. c) I've ever had to deal with. d) I've never had to
deal with
5. ______ to him last week.a) I spoke b) I've already spoken c) I didn't spoke d) I speaked

6. _____a contract last year and it is still valid.a) We have signed b) We signed c) We haven't
signed d) We have sign
7. ______ from a business trip to France.a) I come back b) I came back c) I never came back
d) I've just come back
8. Prices ________ in 1995 but then _____ in 1996.
a) rised falled b) rose fell c) have risen have fallen d) rose have fallen
9. You ____________ to a word ____________
a) listened I haven't said b) didn't listen I say c) listened saying d) haven't listened I've
said back
10. I can't believe that ________________ the news.
a) you haven't read b) you didn't read c) you don't read d) you read not.