Complete IELTS Band 6.5-7.5 Teacher''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s book

Guy Brook-Hart and Vanessa Jakeman
with David Jay
Bands 6.5–7.5
Teacher’s Book
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107609648
© Cambridge University Press 2013
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2013
Printed in the United Kingdom by Latimer Trend
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-107-62508-2 Student’s Book with Answers with CD-ROM
ISBN 978-1-107-65760-1 Student’s Book without Answers with CD-ROM
ISBN 978-1-107-64281-2 Class Audio CDs (2)
ISBN 978-1-107-60964-8 Teacher’s Book
ISBN 978-1-107-63438-1 Workbook with Answers with Audio CD
ISBN 978-1-107-66444-9 Workbook without Answers with Audio CD
ISBN 978-1-107-68863-6 Student’s Pack (Student’s Book with Answers with CD-ROM and Class Audio CDs (2))
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel

timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at
the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee
the accuracy of such information thereafter.
3
Contents
Contents
Introduction 4
1 Getting higher qualifications 6
Photocopiable activity: Skills for sale 16
Unit word list: Unit 1 17
Vocabulary extension: Unit 1 18
2 Colour my world 19
Photocopiable activity: The colour of tradition 29
Unit word list: Unit 2 30
Vocabulary extension: Unit 2 31
Progress test: Units 1–2 32
3 A healthy life 34
Photocopiable activity: RLV-692 on trial 43
Unit word list: Unit 3 44
Vocabulary extension: Unit 3 45
4 Art and the artist 46
Photocopiable activity: Keep your distance! 57
Unit word list: Unit 4 58
Vocabulary extension: Unit 4 59
Progress test: Units 3–4 60
5 Stepping back in time 62
Photocopiable activity: Heating through history 72
Unit word list: Unit 5 73
Vocabulary extension: Unit 5 74
6 IT society 75

Photocopiable activity: Talk around IT! 84
Unit word list: Unit 6 85
Vocabulary extension: Unit 6 86
Progress test: Units 5–6 87
7 Our relationship with nature 90
Photocopiable activity: Nature’s future 100
Unit word list: Unit 7 101
Vocabulary extension: Unit 7 102
8 Across the universe 103
Photocopiable activity: Extraterrestrial ethics 114
Unit word list: Unit 8 115
Vocabulary extension: Unit 8 116
Progress test: Units 7–8 117
Progress tests: Answers 119
Speaking reference: Answers 120
Writing reference: Answers 120
Practice test: Answers and recording scripts 122
Who Complete IELTS is for
Complete IELTS is an enjoyable and motivating topic-
based course designed to give thorough preparation for
the IELTS test. It offers:
s COMPREHENSIVEANALYSISANDPRACTICEOFTHEtask types
used in IELTS Reading, Listening, Speaking and
Writing papers
s ASTEPBYSTEPAPPROACHTOwriting tasks using
models as guidance and sample answers
s ASYSTEMATICAPPROACHTOspeaking tasks with model
answers and a focus on pronunciation
s STIMULATINGAUTHENTICREADINGTEXTSTHATPROVIDE
training in the skills and strategies needed to deal

with exam reading tasks
s LISTENINGACTIVITIESTHATPROVIDETRAININGINTHESKILLS
and strategies needed to deal with exam listening
tasks
s COVERAGEOFMAJORgrammar and vocabulary areas
which are known to be essential for success in IELTS.
These are supported by work on correcting common
mistakes as revealed in the Cambridge Learner
Corpus
s MOTIVATINGpair work and group work exercises.
What the Student’s Book contains
s Eight topic-based units of ten pages each covering
topic areas frequently encountered in IELTS.
s %ACHUNITCOVERSTASKSFROMEACHOFTHEFOURPAPERS
in the exam, so all units contain work on Listening,
Reading, Writing and Speaking. The units also cover
essential IELTS-related grammar and vocabulary.
s %ACHEXAMTASKTYPEISINTEGRATEDINTOARANGEOF
classroom activities designed to equip students with
the strategies and approaches needed to deal with
the demands of IELTS.
s 0RACTICEFOREACHPARTOFTHETESTISACCOMPANIEDBY
detailed information and advice about what the task
involves and how best to approach it.
s Eight unit reviews that provide additional exercises
on the grammar and vocabulary encountered in
each unit.
Introduction
s Writing and Speaking reference sections containing
detailed advice to students on how to approach writing

and speaking tasks in the exam, complete with
exercises and model answers.
s !Language reference section giving clear and
detailed explanations of the grammar covered in each
unit.
s !full IELTS Practice test.
s ! CD-ROM intended for self-study which provides
further exercises to prepare students for IELTS.
The Cambridge Learner Corpus
(CLC)
The Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC) is a large collection
of exam scripts written by students taking Cambridge
ESOL English exams around the world. It contains over
220,000 scripts and is growing all the time. It forms
part of the Cambridge International Corpus (CIC) and
it has been built up by Cambridge University Press and
Cambridge ESOL. The CLC contains scripts from:
s STUDENTS
s DIFFERENTlRSTLANGUAGES
s DIFFERENTCOUNTRIES
Exercises in the Student’s Book which are based on the
CLC are indicated by this icon
.
What the Workbook contains
s Eight units designed for homework and self-study.
Each unit contains full exam practice of IELTS
Reading and Listening tasks.
s IELTS Writing tasks with model answers.
s &URTHERPRACTICEOFTHEgrammar and vocabulary
taught in the Student’s Book.

s !Naudio CD containing all the listening material for
the Workbook.
What the Teacher’s Book contains
s Detailed notes for the eight units in the Student’s Book
which:
– state the objectives of each unit
Introduction
4
5
– give step-by-step advice on how to treat each part of
each Student’s Book unit
– give supporting information to teachers and
students about IELTS tasks
– offer suggestions for alternative treatments of the
materials in the Student’s Book
– offer a wide range of ideas for extension activities
to follow up Student’s Book activities
– contain comprehensive answer keys for each
activity and exercise, including suggested answers
where appropriate.
s Eight photocopiable activities, one for each unit,
designed to provide enjoyable recycling of work
done in the Student’s Book unit, but without a
specific exam focus. All photocopiable activities are
accompanied by teacher’s notes outlining:
– the objectives of the activity
– a suggested procedure for handling the activity in
the classroom.
s Eight photocopiable Word lists containing lexical
items encountered in the Student’s Book units or

recording scripts.
We suggest that the best time to use these lists is
towards the end of the unit, perhaps before doing
the Speaking or Writing sections. Students may use
these lists for self-study and reinforcement of lexis
encountered in the unit. Here are some suggestions
as to how students can use them which you can
discuss with them.
– Students should use the page reference given to
find the items in the unit and study how the words/
phrases are used in context.
– They can use a learner’s dictionary (such as the
CALD) to compare the dictionary definitions with
the definitions given in the Word list. In many
cases, the definitions will coincide, but they will be
able to study further examples in the dictionary.
– Students can annotate the Word lists themselves or
copy items to their notebooks for further study.
– You can suggest to students that they should not try
to memorise all the items, but they should select a
number of words and phrases that seem most useful
to them and try to use them when doing speaking and
writing tasks.
s Eight photocopiable Vocabulary extension word lists
The words and phrases in the photocopiable Vocabulary
extension word lists have been selected using the
Cambridge International Corpus and relate to the topics
of the unit. They are intended to provide students with
extra vocabulary when doing IELTS tasks.
We suggest that you hand these lists out near the

beginning of the unit. Most of the words and phrases do
not occur in the units themselves, but students may be
able to use some of them during the speaking or writing
activities in the unit. Here are some suggestions on how
these word lists can be used:
– Ask students to go through the word lists in
conjunction with a good learner’s dictionary such as
the CALD and check how the words/phrases are used
in the examples (many of the definitions will be the
same).
– Ask students to select 5–10 items which they would
like to be able to use themselves and ask them to
write their own sentences using the items.

–
Encourage students to copy the items they find most
useful to their notebooks.

–
Ask students to refer to these word lists before doing
speaking or writing tasks in the units. Give students
time to look at the relevant list and think (and discuss
with you) how they can use words/phrases before
they do the task itself.

–
When students do the tasks, pay particular attention
to any use they make of items from the lists and give
them feedback on how correctly they have used an
item.

s Four photocopiable Progress tests, one for every two
units, to test grammar and vocabulary taught in the
units.
What the Class Audio CDs contain
There are two audio CDs containing listening and
speaking material for the eight units of the Student’s Book
plus the Listening Practice test. The listening and speaking
materials are indicated by different-coloured icons for each
of the CDs.
Introduction
6
Unit 1
Unit 1 Getting higher qualifications
Unit objectives
s Listening Section 1:INTRODUCTIONTOFORM
COMPLETIONIDENTIFYINGWHATINFORMATIONISNEEDED
s Vocabulary:DEPENDENTPREPOSITIONS
s Reading Section 1:INTRODUCTIONTOSKIMMINGAND
SCANNINGRECOGNISINGREFERENCES@4RUE&ALSE
.OT'IVENNOTECOMPLETIONANDSHORTANSWER
QUESTIONTASKS
s Speaking Part 1:USINGHIGHERLEVELVOCABULARY
TALKINGABOUTPASTHABITSANDSTATES
s Pronunciation:SENTENCESTRESSnSTRESSING
IMPORTANTWORDSTHATANSWERQUESTIONS
s Writing Task 1:REPHRASINGINFORMATIONINTHETASK
USINGYOUROWNWORDSWRITINGTHEINTRODUCTORY
SENTENCEANALYSINGGRAPHSANDDESCRIBINGTHE
MAINFEATURESPARAGRAPHINGORGANISINGAND
STRUCTURINGANANSWER

s Key grammar:PASTSIMPLEPRESENTPERFECTSIMPLE
ANDPASTPERFECTSIMPLE
Starting off
1

As a warmer7RITETHESEQUESTIONSONTHEBOARDAND
ASKSTUDENTSTODISCUSSTHEMINSMALLGROUPSWITH
BOOKSCLOSED
– Why are you preparing for the IELTS test?
– What personal qualities help people to be successful
at language exams?
)FYOUWISHROUNDUPWITHTHEWHOLECLASSANDTURNIT
INTOAGENERALCLASSDISCUSSION
s 7ITHBOOKSOPENASKSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHE
EXAMPLEANDSAYWHETHERITISADEFINITIONORAN
EXAMPLEanswer:ANEXAMPLE
Alternative treatment!SKSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHE
EXAMPLEINTHEBOOK4HENASKTHEMTOWORKIN
PAIRSANDHANDEACHPAIRAPIECEOFPAPERWITHONE
OFTHEOTHERPERSONALQUALITIESBnHWRITTENONIT
s !SKSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHEOTHERQUALITIESBnH
ANDWRITEDOWNWHATITMEANSTOHAVETHATQUALITY
WITHOUTNAMINGIT
s 7HENSTUDENTSAREREADYTHEYREADOUTWHATTHEY
HAVEWRITTENTOTHEWHOLECLASS4HECLASSTHENSAYS
WHICHQUALITYTHEYAREDESCRIBINGANDDISCUSSES
HOWACCURATETHEYTHINKTHEDESCRIPTIONIS
s 7HENTHEYHAVEFINISHEDASKSTUDENTSTOCOMPARE
THEIRANSWERSWITHTHESUGGESTEDANSWERSON
PAGE

Suggested answers
a 9OUDOTHINGSLIKEREADDOCUMENTSVERY
CAREFULLYANDFOCUSONALLTHESMALLPOINTS
CHECKINGTHEIRACCURACY
b 9OUAREABLETOTHINKABOUTSOMETHINGANDCOME
UPWITHANORIGINALORUNUSUALAPPROACHTOIT
c 7HENYOUCOMEACROSSSOMETHINGNEWYOUARE
EAGERTOLEARNORFINDOUTABOUTIT
d 9OUAREABLEANDWILLINGTOWORKWITHOTHER
PEOPLEASPARTOFAGROUPINORDERFOREXAMPLE
TOSOLVEPROBLEMSORDEVELOPNEWIDEAS
e 9OUCANLOOKAHEADANDPLANHOWAN
ORGANISATIONORCOMPANYMIGHTBESTMEETTHE
NEEDSOFTHEFUTURE
f 9OUAREFRIENDLYANDENERGETICANDFINDITEASY
ANDENJOYABLETOBEWITHOTHERS
g 9OUFINDITEASYTOEXCHANGEIDEASWITHOTHERS
YOULISTENWELLANDCANACCURATELYPUTACROSS
YOUROWNIDEAS
h 9OUCANLOOKAFTERANDORGANISEGROUPSOF
EMPLOYEESSOTHATTHEYAREPERFORMINGINTHE
BESTINTERESTSOFTHECOMPANY
2

4ELLSTUDENTSTOGIVEREASONSFORTHEIRANSWERS
Suggested answers
1AC 2FGH 3DGH 4AC 5ABE 6FG
Extension idea Ask students to choose two of the
photos and say what other personal qualities the people
need (apart from a–h).

3

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATINTHE3PEAKINGTESTTHEYWILL
USUALLYBEEXPECTEDTOGIVEQUITELONGANSWERS
BACKINGUPTHEIROPINIONSBYGIVINGREASONS
Extension idea Ask students to say what qualities they
personally already have.
Listening Section 1
1

As a warmer 7ITHBOOKSCLOSEDASKSTUDENTSTO
DISCUSSINSMALLGROUPSYOUCANWRITETHEQUESTIONS
ONTHEBOARD
– How can students in your country find out about
careers and jobs?
– How do young people in your country decide what
job they would like to do?
– What did you decide to study, and why?
More information
7
Getting higher qualifications
s )FANYOFTHEMMENTIONGRADUATERECRUITMENTFAIRS
USETHISASASTEPPINGSTONETOTHEQUESTIONSINTHE
BOOK)FTHEYDONOTWRITETHETERMONTHEBOARD
ANDASKTHEMWHATTHEYUNDERSTANDBYIT
s &OCUSSTUDENTSONTHETHREEQUESTIONSINTHEBOOK
ANDASKTHEMTODISCUSSTHEQUESTIONSINPAIRS
s 7HENSTUDENTSHAVEFINISHEDPARTICULARLYIFYOU
ARETEACHINGAMULTICULTURALCLASSROUNDUPWITH
THEWHOLECLASS

Suggested answers
1 0EOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCOMPANIESADVERTISE
FORNEWSTAFF$ISPLAYSATTRACTCANDIDATES
#ANDIDATESSEEKOUTJOBOPPORTUNITIES4HEY
PROVIDEANOPPORTUNITYFORGRADUATESTOMEET
DIRECTLYWITHPOTENTIALEMPLOYERS
2 4HEREAREFEWERJOBSSOGREATERCOMPETITION
FOREACHJOB6OCATIONALTRAININGMAYBEMORE
USEFULASTHEREARENOWMORESTUDENTSWITH
DEGREESANDVOCATIONALQUALIFICATIONSMAY
BEAMORERELIABLEASSESSMENTOFSKILLSAND
COMPETENCIESFORPRACTICALJOBSWHERE
EXPERIENCECOUNTS
3 EXPERIENCEINTHEFIELDOTHERPOSITIONSOF
RESPONSIBILITYENGAGEMENTATINTERVIEW
Extension idea Ask students: Do you have graduate fairs
in your country? Have you ever been to one? What was
it like?
2
s $RAWSTUDENTSATTENTIONTOTHE%XAM
INFORMATIONONPAGE0OINTOUTTHATINTHE
)%,43TESTTHEYHEAREACHSECTIONONCEONLYSO
ITISIMPORTANTTOKNOWWHATTOEXPECTBEFORE
LISTENING!LSOMENTIONTHATTHEYNEEDTOWRITE
THEIRANSWERSINTHEQUESTIONBOOKLETWHILETHE
RECORDINGISPLAYINGTHEYHAVETENMINUTESTO
TRANSFERTHEMONTOANANSWERSHEETATTHEENDOF
THETEST4HISMEANSTHEYCANUNDERLINETHINGS
INTHEQUESTIONBOOKLETASTHEYDOTHETESTBUT
THEYNEEDTOMAKESURETHEYCANREADTHEIR

ANSWERSLATERON
s 2EFERSTUDENTSTOTHEPOINTABOUTTHEINCREASING
DIFFICULTYOFTHETEST!TTHISLEVELTHEYSHOULD
FIND3ECTIONEASYANDTHEYSHOULDBEABLETO
GETCLOSETOFULLMARKS
s &ORMCOMPLETIONTASKSTESTSTUDENTSABILITY
TOLISTENFORSPECIFICDETAILS)TISIMPORTANTFOR
STUDENTSTOKNOWWHATDETAILSTHEYSHOULDLISTEN
FORBEFOREHAND
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHAT3ECTIONNEARLYALWAYS
INCLUDESAFORMORTABLETOCOMPLETE)NTHE
EXAMTHEYWILLHAVEASHORTTIMEABOUT
SECONDSTOREADTHEQUESTIONSANDDECIDEWHAT
INFORMATIONTHEYNEED4HEIRPERFORMANCEWILL
IMPROVEIFTHEYKNOWWHATINFORMATIONTHEY
SHOULDBELISTENINGFORBEFORETHEYSTART
s $RAWSTUDENTSATTENTIONTOTHEINSTRUCTIONSIN
1UESTIONSn4ELLTHEMTHATTHEINSTRUCTIONS
WILLALWAYSCLEARLYSTATEHOWMANYWORDSTHEYCAN
WRITEEGONE WORD / NO MORE THAN TWO/
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBERSOITIS
IMPORTANTTOALWAYSCHECKBEFORETHEYSTART)FTHE
INSTRUCTIONSSTATE/.%7/2$BUTTHEYWRITETWO
THEYWILLNOTGETANYMARKSFORTHATQUESTION
s !SKSTUDENTSTODISCUSSWHATINFORMATIONTHEY
NEEDINPAIRS
Suggested answers
1 ASURNAMEFAMILYNAMETHATMAYBE
SPELLEDOUT
2 ANATIONALITY

3 ANEMAILADDRESSTHATMAYBESPELLEDOUT
4 ATYPEOF"!
5 ADATE
6 ANACTIVITYOREVENTWHICHMIGHTRAISEMONEY
7 SOMEINTERESTS
8 NAMESOFJOBS
9 THENAMEOFAJOB
10HOWTHEYHEARDABOUTTHEFAIR
Extension idea Tell students that, in Section 1, they will
usually have to write a name that is spelled out for them
and/or write a number. Ask them which questions might
require this (answer: Questions 1 and 3).
s !SKTHEMIFTHEREAREANYLETTERSORSYMBOLSWHICH
they are not sure how to pronounce in English and
resolve any doubts.
s !SKTHEMTOWRITETWOORTHREENAMESANDEMAIL
addresses on a piece of paper, and then spell them
aloud to their partners, who should write them down.
3

Alternative treatment!LTHOUGHINTHEEXAMEACH
SECTIONISHEARDONLYONCEYOUCANPLAYTHERECORDING
ASECONDTIMEFORSTUDENTSTOCHECKTHEIRANSWERS
s $RAWTHEIRATTENTIONTO1UESTIONWHERETHEY
NEEDTWOINTERESTS4ELLTHEMTHATIFTHEYONLYWRITE
ONETHEYWILLNOTGETTHEMARK
s 4ELLTHEMTHATSOMETIMESWORDSCANBEADDEDOR
OMITTEDWITHOUTPENALTYSEEWORDSINBRACKETSIN
THEANSWERKEY
Answers

1  !LEXANDROVNA
2  3HEIS2USSIAN
3 DOM
4  AFULLTIME
5  ST*ULY*ULY*ULY*ULYST

6  COMPETITION
7  COOKINGCOOKERYSWIMMINGmust have both
8  ACHILDRENSTUTOR
9  APROJECTMANAGER
10AFRIEND
8
Unit 1
Extension idea Go through the Exam advice box with
students.
s 3TRESSTHATCORRECTSPELLINGISESSENTIALANDTHATTHEY
should check it when they transfer their answers to
the answer sheet.
s %LICITSOMECOMMONABBREVIATIONSYOUCANASK
students to write these on the board), e.g. kilometres
(km); seconds (secs); minutes (mins/min); hours (hrs/
hr); Jan, Feb, etc.; Mon, Tues, etc.
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATIFTHEYARENOTSUREHOWTOWRITETHE
abbreviations correctly, they should write them in full.
4

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEYAREQUITELIKELYTOBEASKED
ABOUTTHETOPICSINTHISEXERCISEIN0ARTOFTHE
3PEAKINGTESTSOITISAGOODIDEATOHAVESOME
IDEASANDVOCABULARYTODESCRIBETHEMSELVESBEFORE

THEEXAM'IVESTUDENTSAFEWMINUTESTOTHINK
ABOUTWHATTHEYWANTTOSAYANDHOWTOEXPRESSIT
BEFORETHEYSTART7HERENECESSARYHELPTHEMWITH
VOCABULARY
Alternative treatment9OUCANASKSTUDENTSTODO
THISEXERCISEAFTERTHEYHAVEDONETHEVOCABULARY
SECTIONWHICHFOLLOWS)NTHISWAYTHEYWILLHAVE
ANOPPORTUNITYTOPRACTISETHEVOCABULARYAND
PREPOSITIONS
Vocabulary Dependent prepositions
1

7RONGCHOICEOFPREPOSITIONISAMAJORAREAOFERROR
FOR)%,43CANDIDATESATTHISLEVEL

As a warmer 7RITEONTHEBOARD
– He wasn’t aware …… the time.
– How do you prepare …… exams?
s !SKSTUDENTSTOSAYWHATPREPOSITIONSHOULDGOIN
EACHGAPawareofpreparefor7RITEget ready
ANDconsciousANDASKTHEMWHATPREPOSITION
FOLLOWSEACHget readyforconsciousof0OINT
OUTTHATWORDSWITHSIMILARMEANINGSOFTENBUT
NOTALWAYSHAVETHESAMEPREPOSITIONSOTHISIS
AGOODWAYOFGUESSINGWHENTHEYARENOTSURE
WHICHPREPOSITIONTOWRITE/THEREXAMPLESYOU
CANGIVEORELICITafraid offrightened ofscared of
angry withirritated withannoyed with
Answers
1TO 2OFINWITH 3ON

4FOR 5AT 6TOFORIN
Extension idea Check that students know the correct
dependent preposition for each word, then ask them
to think of synonyms that use the same preposition:
concentrate (focus on); available (free for); useful
(essential/vital/important for).
2

"EFOREDOINGTHISEXERCISEBRIEFLYREFERSTUDENTSTOTHE
,ANGUAGEREFERENCEPAGE
s 4ELLTHEMTHATTHEWORDSANDDEPENDENT
PREPOSITIONSINTHISSECTIONAREGENERALLYUSEFULIN
)%,43EXAMS
s 4ELLTHEMTODOTHEEXERCISEANDTHENCHECKTHEIR
ANSWERSINTHE,ANGUAGEREFERENCE
Answers
1ON 2TO 3FOR 4IN 5IN 6OF
Extension idea Tell students that, in IELTS, it is
important to use a range of vocabulary appropriately.
Working with words with similar or synonymous
meanings helps to build vocabulary.
Write these words on the board and ask students to
find words in the exercise which are close in meaning
to them (though not all synonyms) and to decide if they
need to change the preposition or not.
is known keep an eye responsive take part trust
(answers: is known for / has a reputation for; keep an
eye on / take care of; responsive to / sensitive to; take
part in / participate in; trust in / have confidence in.)
3


0OINTOUTTOSTUDENTSTHATTHEYHAVETOLEARN
DEPENDENTPREPOSITIONSWITHTHEWORDSTHEMSELVESSO
ITMAYBEWORTHTHEMSTUDYINGLISTSSUCHASTHEONES
INTHE,ANGUAGEREFERENCE!GAINWHENTHEYHAVE
FINISHEDTHEEXERCISEASKTHEMTOUSETHE,ANGUAGE
REFERENCETOCHECKTHEIRANSWERS
Answers
2WITH
FOR 3INTOIN 4STUDENTSTHESTUDENTSWITH
THE 5RESPONSIBLETO
RESPONSIBLEFOR 6ONTO
7DEALMANY
DEALWITHMANY
Reading Section 1
1

As a warmer !SKSTUDENTSTOWORKINSMALLGROUPS
ANDLOOKATTHE%XAMINFORMATIONPARTICULARLYTHE
LASTBULLET
s !SKTHEMTOSUGGESTWAYSTHEYCANCONTROLTHEIR
TIMEANDMAKESURETHEYHAVEENOUGHTIMEFORTHE
WHOLEPAPER
s 7HENTHEYHAVEFINISHEDROUNDUPWITHTHE
WHOLECLASS3UGGESTIONSTHEYMAYCOMEUPWITH
SPENDLESSTIMEON3ECTIONSOASTOLEAVEMORE
TIMEFORTHEMOREDIFFICULTSECTIONSDOTHEMORE
DIFFICULTSECTIONSFIRSTPUTTHEIRWATCHONTHETABLE
ANDKEEPASTRICTCONTROLOVERTHEIRTIME4HE
IMPORTANTPOINTISTHATTHEYSHOULDREALISETHAT

TIMEMANAGEMENTISESSENTIALTOSUCCESSIN
THEEXAM
s 4ELLTHEMTHATTHEYWILLBEPRACTISINGDIFFERENT
READINGTECHNIQUESWHILEDOINGTHISSECTIONINTHE
BOOKSODOINGTHESECTIONINCLASSWILLTAKELONGER
THANTHEMAXIMUMMINUTESTHEYWOULDSPEND
INTHEEXAM
9
Getting higher qualifications
s "EFORETHEYDOTHEEXERCISEINTHEBOOKELICITTHAT
prestigiousMEANS@ITHASAGOODREPUTATION
Suggested answers
2 HIGHERTHANAVERAGERESULTSSTRONGLEADERSHIP
LONGHISTORYGROUNDBREAKINGRESEARCH
GOODTEACHING
3 THEIRDEGREEMAYBEWORTHMOREITMAYHELP
THEMGETABETTERJOBITGIVESTHEMPRESTIGE
THEYGETBETTERTEACHING
2
Answers
1 a3CANNINGb3KIMMING
2 9OUCANSCANFORAKEYWORDPHRASEINA
QUESTIONTOQUICKLYFINDTHEPLACEWHERETHE
ANSWERIS
 9OUCANSKIMPARTSOFTHEPASSAGETOUNDERSTAND
THEKEYIDEASANDQUICKLYMATCHTHESETO
QUESTIONSORSTATEMENTS
3

"EFORESTUDENTSREADELICITTHEMEANINGOFskim

s %XPLAINTHATITISIMPORTANTTOSKIMTHEPASSAGETO
GETAGENERALIDEAOFTHECONTENTSBEFOREREADING
ITMORECAREFULLY)FTHEYDOTHISTHEYWILLFINDIT
EASIERTOLOCATETHEANSWERSTOQUESTIONSDEALWITH
TASKSANDSOSAVETIMEASTHEYWORKTHROUGHTHE
SECTION
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEYSHOULDNOTTRYTO
UNDERSTANDEVERYWORDANDEVERYSENTENCEGIVE
THEMTHREEMINUTESTOSKIMTHEPASSAGE"ESTRICT
WITHTHETIMELIMIT
Answer
B
4

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATFINDINGTHEANSWERSTOQUESTIONS
OFTENREQUIRESTHEMTOUNDERSTANDTWOORTHREELINKED
SENTENCESOFTEXTANDTHATWRITERSUSEREFERENCING
TECHNIQUESTOLINKSENTENCESTOGETHER
s 4OILLUSTRATETHEPOINTYOUCANWRITEONTHEBOARD
There has been a rapid expansion of the university
system. This has meant that many more young
people are attending such institutions, and the
result of this is that the labour market is being
deprived of their services until later.
s !SKSTUDENTSTOPOINTOUTTHEREFERENCINGDEVICES
ANDSAYWHATTHEYREFERTOanswersthisREFERS
TOTHERAPIDEXPANSIONOFTHEUNIVERSITYSYSTEM
such institutionsREFERSTOUNIVERSITIESthe result
of thisREFERSTOMOREYOUNGPEOPLEATTENDING
UNIVERSITYtheir servicesREFERSTOTHESERVICESOF

YOUNGPEOPLE
s %LICITTHEMEANINGOFscan
Answers
2 to leap into the dark and reach for the unknown
3 The telephone, electromagnets, radars, high-
speed photography, office photocopiers, cancer
treatments, pocket calculators, computers, the
Internet, the decoding of the human genome,
lasers, space travel
4 Knowledge was at a premium, but it had to be
useful. ALSO the German system of learning based
on reseach and hands-on experimentation
5 symbiosis REFERSTOTHEMOTTO Mind and hand
ANDTHELOGOSHOWING a gowned scholar standing
beside an ironmonger bearing a hammer
and anvil.
6 he might be just too late in taking his concept to
market, as he has heard that a Silicon Valley firm
is already developing something similar.
7 What MIT delights in is tak
ing brilliant minds
from around the world in vastly diverse disciplines
and putting them together.
5
4RUE&ALSE.OT'IVEN4&.'TASKSTESTWHETHER
CANDIDATESCANCORRECTLYIDENTIFYINFORMATIONIS
EXPRESSEDINTHETEXTORNOT
4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHE4&.'TASKISOFTENFOUNDIN
2EADING3ECTION
s 4ELLTHEMTHATTHEQUESTIONSIN4&.'TASKSUSUALLY

CONTAINONEORTWOWORDSEGMIT campusWHICH
ARETHESAMEASORSIMILARTOAWORDORPHRASEIN
THEPASSAGE4HISISTOHELPTHEMLOCATETHEPARTOF
THEPASSAGEWHICHRELATESTOTHESTATEMENT
s 0OINTOUTTHATSINCETHEYSKIMMEDTHEPASSAGE
EARLIERLOCATINGTHISINFORMATIONSHOULDBEQUICKER
ANDTHATITMAYNOTBENECESSARYATANYSTAGETO
READTHEWHOLEPASSAGESLOWLYANDINDETAILTO
ANSWERTHEQUESTIONS4HEKEYWORDSINEFFECT
SERVEASASHORTCUTTOTHERELEVANTPARTSOFTHE
PASSAGEANDSTUDENTSSHOULDSCANUNTILTHEYFIND
THESE
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATPROPERNAMESEGMITSilicon
ValleyINTHEQUESTIONSAREALMOSTALWAYSGOING
TOSERVEASKEYWORDSSINCETHEYCANNOTBE
PARAPHRASEDANDARETHEREFOREEASYTOSCANFORIN
THEPASSAGE
Suggested underlining
2 2(ARVARD-)4 3MOTTO-)4STUDENT
4LOGO 53ILICON6ALLEY
10
Unit 1
6

"EFORESTUDENTSANSWERTHEQUESTIONSDRAWTHEIR
ATTENTIONTOTHE%XAMADVICE4ELLTHEMTHATITISOFTEN
DIFFICULTTODECIDEIFAQUESTIONIS&ALSEOR.OT'IVEN
3TUDENTSSHOULDCHOOSE&ALSEWHENTHEINFORMATION
INTHEPASSAGEcontradictsTHESTATEMENT4HEYSHOULD
CHOOSE.OT'IVENWHENTHEREISno informationABOUT

THESTATEMENTINTHEPASSAGE
Extension idea Ask students to work in pairs and
compare their answers. Ask them to quote the actual
words from the passage which gave them their answers.
Answers
1&!,3%xthere’s precious little going on that you
would normally see on a university campus.
2&!,3%While Harvard stuck to the English
model of a classical education, with its emphasis
on Latin and Greek, MIT looked to the German
system of learning based on research and hands-
on experimentation
3 ./4')6%.4HEMOTTOISMENTIONEDBUTWE
ARENOTTOLDWHOSUGGESTEDIT
4425%xits logo, which shows a gowned scholar
standing beside an ironmonger bearing a hammer
and anvil. That symbiosis of intellect and
craftsmanshipx
5 ./4')6%.4HEREISNOTHINGINTHETEXTABOUT
HOWMUCH-)4GRADUATESAREPAIDIN3ILICON
6ALLEY
7
.OTECOMPLETIONTASKSTESTSTUDENTSABILITIESTO
SCANTHEPASSAGEFORSPECIFICINFORMATION4HEY
REFLECTTHETYPEOFREADINGACTIVITYTHATMIGHTBE
REQUIREDONANUNDERGRADUATECOURSEOFSTUDY4HE
INSTRUCTIONSWILLTELLSTUDENTSHOWMANYWORDSTHEY
CANUSEFOREACHGAP
"EFORESTUDENTSDOTHETASKDRAWTHEIRATTENTIONTO
THE%XAMADVICEBOX

s 0OINTOUTTHATBYREADINGTHETITLEANDSCANNINGTO
FINDTHERIGHTPARTOFTHEPASSAGETHEYCANSAVE
TIME
s 4ELLTHEMTHATASTHEYREADTHENOTESTHEYSHOULD
UNDERLINEKEYIDEAS4HISWILLHELPTHEMTOIDENTIFY
WHATINFORMATIONANDWHATTYPEOFWORDSTHEY
NEED
s 7HENSTUDENTSHAVEFINISHEDTELLTHEMTOREAD
THROUGHTHEIRNOTESTOCHECKTHATTHEYMAKESENSE
THATTHEYREFLECTTHEIDEASEXPRESSEDINTHEPASSAGE
ANDTHATTHEIRANSWERSARESPELLEDCORRECTLY-ANY
CANDIDATESLOSEMARKSBYMISSPELLINGWORDS
WHENTHEYCOPYTHEM4HISINCLUDESTHEUSEOF
ASINGULARFORMWHENTHEWORDINTHEPASSAGEIS
PLURALEGsizesizes4HEYSHOULDALSOCHECKTHAT
THEYHAVEUSEDTHEREQUIREDNUMBEROFWORDSn
STUDENTSWILLLOSEAMARKIFTHEYWRITETHREEWORDS
WHENTHEINSTRUCTIONSSPECIFYNOMORE
THANTWO
s 7HENSTUDENTSHAVEFINISHEDTHETASKTHEYCAN
COMPARETHEIRANSWERSWITHAPARTNER
Answers
6COMPUTERSCIENCE 7PROGRAM
8ADAPTABILITY 9CONTACTLENS
8
3HORTANSWERQUESTIONSTESTSTUDENTSABILITYTOSCAN
APASSAGEFORSPECIFICINFORMATIONORDETAILS
!SWITH4&.'QUESTIONSSTUDENTSSHOULDIDENTIFY
WORDSINTHEQUESTIONSWHICHWILLHELPTHEMTO
QUICKLYSCANTHEPASSAGETOFINDTHEPARTCONTAINING

THEANSWER0ROPERNAMESWHICHCANNOTBE
PARAPHRASEDAREOFTENANOBVIOUSCHOICE
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTOANSWERTHESEQUESTIONS
THEYSHOULDCOPYWORDSTHEYFINDINTHEPASSAGE
EXACTLY
2 Suggested underlining
11PROBLEM%NERGYINITIATIVE
12@GREENINNOVATIONVIRUSES
13PARTOFTHEUNIVERSITY4IM"ERNERS,EE
3 10AONEQUARTER 11GLOBALWARMING
12ELECTRICCARS 13THECORRIDORS
9

!SKSTUDENTSTOCHECKTHEIRANSWERSINPAIRS
s $RAWTHEIRATTENTIONTOTHEBULLETPOINTSINTHE
BOOK4OHELPSTUDENTSCONCENTRATEONPRODUCING
ACCURATEANSWERSYOUCANREMINDTHEMTHAT
n ANSWERSMUSTBESPELLEDCORRECTLYINCLUDING
DOUBLELETTERSANDFINAL@ESOTHERWISETHEYWILL
LOSETHEMARKALTHOUGHWRITINGA!MERICAN
%NGLISHVARIANTINSTEADOFA"RITISH%NGLISH
TERMANDVICEVERSAISACCEPTABLE
n WRITINGONEWORDWHENTWOGIVESTHEEXACT
ANSWERWILLLOSETHEMARK%QUALLYWRITING
THREEWORDSWHENTHEYAREASKEDFORTWOWILL
ALSOLOSEMARKS
n THEYDONEEDTOREADTHEQUESTIONCAREFULLY
4OCLARIFY1UESTIONYOUCANASKTHEMWHAT
THENUMBERSANDTHREEMILLIONREFER
TOTHENUMBEROFCOMPANIESFORMEDBY-)4

STUDENTSANDTHENUMBEROFEMPLOYEESINTHESE
COMPANIES
10

!SKSTUDENTSTOWORKINGROUPSOFFOURORTHREEIF
YOURCLASSDOESNTCONTAINAMULTIPLEOFFOUR
s 'IVEEACHSTUDENTAPAPERWITHANUMBERn
ONITANDTELLTHEMTHEYAREGOINGTOGIVEASHORT
PRESENTATIONOFABOUTTWOMINUTESTOANSWERTHE
QUESTIONWITHTHENUMBERTHEYHAVEBEENGIVEN
s 'IVETHEMAMINUTEORTWOTOPREPARE
s 4HEYTHENTAKETURNSTOGIVETHEIRPRESENTATIONSTO
THEOTHERPEOPLEINTHEIRGROUP
11
Getting higher qualifications
s 4HESTUDENTSWHOARELISTENINGSHOULDEACHTHINK
OFAFOLLOWUPQUESTIONTOASKTHEPRESENTERATTHE
ENDOFEACHPRESENTATION
Speaking Part 1
1

!SKSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHE%XAMINFORMATIONBOX
s 0OINTOUTTHATTHEREISASHORTINTRODUCTIONATTHE
STARTOFTHETESTANDTHISISNOTASSESSED
s %XPLAINTHATIN0ARTTHEYWILLBEASKEDSOME
VERYSTRAIGHTFORWARDQUESTIONSABOUTTHEMSELVES
4HEREAREALWAYSQUESTIONSONFAMILIARTOPICSEG
travelling OR where you live3UGGESTTOSTUDENTS
THATTHEYUSE0ARTTOGETWARMEDUPANDSTART
FEELINGCONFIDENTABOUTTALKINGIN%NGLISH

s As a warmer!SKSTUDENTSTOWORKINPAIRSAND
THINKOFFIVEORSIXQUESTIONSTHEYTHINKTHE
EXAMINERMIGHTASKTHEMINTHISPART4HENASK
THEMTOCHANGEPARTNERSANDTAKETURNSTOASKAND
ANSWERTHEIRQUESTIONS
s !SKTHEMTOLOOKATTHEQUESTIONSINTHEEXERCISE
ANDASKDo any of these questions look similar to
ones you asked?
s
0LAYTHERECORDINGFORSTUDENTSTOLISTEN!TTHIS
LEVELSTUDENTSSHOULDBEABLETOCOPEWITHALLFOUR
SPEAKERSATONCEWITHOUTPAUSINGINBETWEEN
Answers
2PET 3HANDYOURSELF 4EXERCISESPORT
2

Alternative treatment!SKSTUDENTSTOWORKIN
PAIRSANDTRYTOREMEMBERWHATEACHOFTHESPEAKERS
SAID4HEYTHENLISTENAGAINTOCHECKTHEIRANSWERS
s 0OINTOUTTOSTUDENTSTHAT
n THEYGAINMARKSFORTHERANGEANDAPPROPRIACY
OFTHEIRVOCABULARYANDTHATTOACHIEVEAHIGH
BANDSCORETHEYWILLHAVETOUSELOWFREQUENCY
VOCABULARYACCURATELY
n THEANSWERSARETHREETOFOURSENTENCESLONG
ANDTHATTHEYSHOULDAIMATTHISLEVELTOGIVE
ANSWERSOFTHISLENGTHTO0ARTQUESTIONSAS
THISSHOWSTHEIRABILITYTOLINKIDEASUSEA
RANGEOFAPPROPRIATEGRAMMARANDSHOWTHAT
THEYCANUSECORRECTPRONUNCIATIONPATTERNS

Answers
1HOTELINDUSTRY 2FULLTIMEEMPLOYMENT
3VERYAFFECTIONATE 4HIGHPITCHEDNOISES
5TODDLER 6REALLYIMPRESSED 7MOREAWAREOF
8FACILITIES
Extension idea Ask students to work alone and think
of three or four less-common words they could use to
answer each of the questions so that the answers are
true for them. They then work in pairs and take turns to
ask and answer the questions.
3

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEYAREALSOMARKEDFORTHEIRUSEOF
ARANGEOFAPPROPRIATEGRAMMAR5SINGusedtoTOTALK
ABOUTTHEPASTISONEASPECTOFTHIS
Answers
1HAVE 2SIT 3THINK 4SEEING 5DO 6BEING 7BE
Extension idea When students have finished the
exercise, elicit the difference between:
s used to do, used to doing and get used to doing
s used to do and would in these contexts (see
Language reference in the Student’s Book (page 120)
for an explanation).
If necessary, go through the Language reference with
students.
4

Alternative treatment !SKSTUDENTSTOWORKINSMALL
GROUPS4ELLTHEMTHEYAREGOINGTOTRYTODECEIVE
OTHERMEMBERSOFTHEGROUP

s &IRSTTHEYSHOULDWORKALONEANDCOMPLETETHE
SENTENCESBUTTHREESENTENCESSHOULDBETRUEAND
THREESHOULDBELIES
s 4HEYTHENTAKETURNSTOREADTHEIRSENTENCESOUT
TOTHEGROUPANDTHEGROUPTHENHAVETODECIDE
WHETHEREACHSENTENCEISTHETRUTHORALIE
s 3TUDENTSGETAPOINTEVERYTIMETHEGROUPMAKESA
WRONGDECISIONIEDECIDESTHETRUTHISALIEORA
LIEISTHETRUTH4HESTUDENTWITHTHEMOSTPOINTS
ISTHEWINNER
Note:NOWISAGOODTIMETODOTHEPRONUNCIATION
WORKONSENTENCESTRESS
5

Alternative treatment 1'IVESTUDENTSAFEWMINUTES
TOWORKALONEANDTHINKOFIDEASANDVOCABULARYTHEY
CANUSETOANSWERTHEQUESTIONSBEFORETHEYSTART
s Alternative treatment 2!SKSTUDENTSTOGIVEEACH
OTHERFEEDBACKONTHEIRANSWERS9OUCANELICIT
CRITERIAFROMTHEWHOLECLASSANDWRITETHEMONTHE
BOARDEG
n Did your partner give fairly long answers?
n Were the answers well structured and coherent?
n Did they use a range of higher-level vocabulary?
n Did they use a range of appropriate grammar,
including accurate tenses?
n Were their answers always relevant?
Extension idea Draw students’ attention to the Exam
advice box.
s 4ELLTHEMTHATTYPICALTOPICSFOR0ARTAREFAMILY

life, languages, traffic, shopping, weather, cooking,
animals, housework and reading (you can write these
on the board).
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTOWORKINPAIRSANDTHINKOFTHREEOR
four questions which they could ask on one of
the topics.
s 4HEYTHENCHANGEPARTNERSANDWITHTHEIRNEW
partner, take turns to ask and answer questions.
12
Unit 1
Pronunciation Sentence stress 1
!SKSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHE3PEAKINGREFERENCEON
PAGEANDPOINTOUTTHATPRONUNCIATIONCOUNTS
FORAQUARTEROFTHEIR)%,43SCOREFORSPEAKING
4HISMEANSTHATINADDITIONTOLISTENINGTOTHEIR
GRAMMARVOCABULARYANDFLUENCYEXAMINERSALSO
NOTEHOWEASILYTHEYCANUNDERSTANDTHECANDIDATE
CANDIDATESWHOSPEAKTOOFASTSLOWLYORMUTTER
WILLLOSEMARKSFORPRONUNCIATIONTHOSEWHOSPEAK
CLEARLYANDATTHECORRECTPACEWILLDOBETTER
%XPLAINTHATTHEREARERECOGNISEDFEATURESOF
PRONUNCIATIONANDEXAMINERSWANTTOSEEHOWWELL
CANDIDATESCANUSEANDCONTROLTHESE3ENTENCE
STRESSISONEOFTHESEFEATURESALONGWITHTHINGS
LIKEINTONATIONRHYTHMANDTHEPRONUNCIATIONOF
SOUNDS)FTHEYSTRESSTHEWRONGWORDSORTOOMANY
WORDSINASENTENCEITCANSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTTHE
MEANINGANDORSOUNDVERYODDIFTHEYSTRESSTHE
RIGHTWORDSITWILLHELPTHEIRLISTENERUNDERSTAND
THEM3TUDENTSNEEDTOHAVEAHIGHDEGREEOF

CONTROLOFPRONUNCIATIONFEATURESINORDERTOACHIEVE
AHIGHBANDLEVELFORTHISCRITERION
1

Alternative treatment!FTERSTUDENTSHAVEREAD
THEINTRODUCTIONTOTHISSECTIONASKTHEMTOWORKIN
PAIRSANDPREDICTWHICHWORDWILLBESTRESSEDINEACH
SENTENCE4HEYTHENLISTENTOCHECKTHEIRANSWERS
Answers
1 Suggested underlining
 2THATSHOTELMANAGEMENTTWO 3CATS
THISDID 4TWOTODDLER 5FITNESSBITUSED
2 a)NSENTENCEthat’sREFERSBACKTOTHE
IMPORTANTDECISIONINTHEFIRSTSENTENCE
b )NSENTENCEthis oneREFERSBACKTOTHECAT
ANDITSDIFFERENCEFROMOTHERCATS
2

Answers
1 1 DONTLIKEEMPHASISINGSTRENGTHOF
FEELINGCRIMINALSIMPORTANTINFORMATION
HOMEIMPORTANTINFORMATION
 2 RUNNINGIMPORTANTINFORMATIONAFTERNOON
IMPORTANTINFORMATIONMOREFOR
CONTRASTTHATREFERRINGBACKTOafternoon
ENERGETICIMPORTANTINFORMATION
 3 TOOFOREMPHASISANYTHINGREFERSTO
HANDMADEITEMSANDSTRESSESTHEFACTTHAT
NONECANBEMADEHARDIMPORTANT
INFORMATION

 4 SEWINGIMPORTANTINFORMATIONCOULDNT
EMPHASISINGINABILITY
 5 BROTHERIMPORTANTINFORMATIONBADLY
IMPORTANTINFORMATIONHEREFERRINGTO
brother)DOREFERRINGTOSELFANDCONTRAST
Extension idea Ask students to work alone and choose
one of the questions from Speaking Exercise 1. Tell them
to write a two- or three-sentence answer, but not to
underline any words.
s 4HEYTHENWORKINPAIRSANDTAKETURNSTOREADTHEIR
answers aloud, stressing the words they feel are
important.
s !SKTHEMTOEXCHANGETHEIRWRITTENANSWERSANDASK
them to read their partner’s written answer aloud.
They can follow up by discussing how any changes
in stress that their partner has made change the
meaning or emphasis of the answer.
3

Extension idea Ask students to work in pairs and
look at the sentences in Exercise 2 again. Ask them to
suggest another way in which each of the sentences can
be stressed and read their ideas aloud to the class. The
class should then say how the meaning changes.
Writing Task 1
1

As a warmer 17ITHBOOKSCLOSEDASKSTUDENTSHow
have the proportions of male and female students
at university in your country or at your university

changed over recent years? What reasons can you
think of for those changes?9OUCANTREATTHISASA
CLASSDISCUSSIONORASKSTUDENTSTODISCUSSINSMALL
GROUPS
s As a warmer 2!SKSTUDENTSTOOPENTHEIRBOOKS
LOOKATTHE%XAMINFORMATIONBOXANDSAYWHAT
THEDIFFERENCEISBETWEENGRAPHSTABLESCHARTS
ANDDIAGRAMS'RAPHSTENDTOBELINEGRAPHSLIKE
THEONESHOWNTABLESCONTAINCOLUMNSANDROWS
OFFIGURESSEE3TUDENTS"OOKPAGECHARTS
MAYEITHERBEPIECHARTSSEE3TUDENTS"OOK
PAGEORBARCHARTSSEE3TUDENTS"OOKPAGE
DIAGRAMSARESIMPLEPLANSSHOWINGSYSTEMS
MACHINESORPROCESSESSEE3TUDENTS"OOK
PAGE
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEYWILLLOSEMARKSIFTHEY
SIMPLYCOPYWORDSFROMTHETASKTOTHEIRANSWER
THEYSHOULDREPHRASETHEINFORMATIONUSINGTHEIR
OWNWORDSANDTHISEXERCISESHOWSTHEMHOWTO
DOTHISFORTHEINTRODUCTORYSENTENCE
Suggested answer
4HEGRAPHGIVESINFORMATIONABOUTHOWMANYMALE
ANDFEMALESTUDENTSGRADUATEDFROM#ANADIAN
UNIVERSITIESBETWEENAND
Extension idea Ask students to look at how the
information has been rephrased. Ask them if they
can suggest another way of writing the introductory
sentence using their own words.
13
Getting higher qualifications

2

Alternative treatment"EFOREDOINGTHISEXERCISE
TELLSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHE7RITINGTASKINSTRUCTIONS
AGAINANDPOINTOUTTHATTHEYSHOULDREPORTTHEMAIN
FEATURES!SKSTUDENTSTOWORKINPAIRSANDDECIDE
WHATTHEMAINFEATURESARE4HEYSHOULDTHENLOOKAT
SENTENCESnANDSAYWHICHONESTHEYHAVEALREADY
IDENTIFIEDASMAINFEATURES
s 4HISEXERCISEASKSSTUDENTSTODISTINGUISHMAIN
FEATURESFROMMINORTHOUGHTRUEDETAILS
s 4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEYSHOULDAIMTOSUMMARISE
THEINFORMATIONGIVENTOTHEMNOTPROVIDE
INTERPRETATIONSREASONSFORTHEINFORMATIONOR
INTRODUCEANYINFORMATIONWHICHISNOTPRESENTED
INTHETASK
Answers

3

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATINORDERTOACHIEVEAHIGHBAND
SCORETHEYWILLHAVETOSUMMARISETHEMAINFEATURES
BUTALSOSUPPORTTHESEWITHDETAILEDSTATISTICAL
INFORMATIONFROMTHEGRAPHSORCHART!SKTHEMTO
LOOKATHOWEACHOFTHESENTENCESDESCRIBINGMAIN
FEATURESISACCOMPANIEDBYSENTENCESCONTAINING
SUPPORTINGDETAILS
Answers
'RADUATENUMBERSROSEDURINGTHEYEARSAND
REACHEDTHEIRHIGHESTLEVELSINBUTTHERE

WEREALWAYSMOREFEMALETHANMALEGRADUATES
paragraph 2
4HUSTHEGAPBETWEENTHENUMBEROFMALEAND
FEMALEGRADUATESHADWIDENEDparagraph 2
!MOREDETAILEDLOOKATTHEGRAPHREVEALSTHATTHE
OVERALLGROWTHINNUMBERSWASNOTALWAYSSTEADY
paragraph 3
#LEARLYTHEREWERESIMILARTRENDSFORMALEAND
FEMALEGRADUATESOVERTHISPERIODBUTTHENUMBER
OFWOMENGRADUATINGINCREASEDATAHIGHERRATE
THANTHENUMBEROFMENparagraph 4
4

4ELLSTUDENTSTHATTHEREISNOToneCORRECTWAYTO
ORGANISETHEIRANSWERBUTDIVIDINGTHEGRAPHBEFORE
THEYSTARTISONEWAYOFWORKINGOUTHOWTODOIT4HIS
MAYNOTBEAPPLICABLETOALL0ARTTASKS
Suggested answer
4HELINESSHOULDCUTTHEHORIZONTALAXISATAND
4HEDATAHASBEENGROUPEDACCORDINGTOTHE
YEARS
Extension idea Ask students to compare where they
have drawn lines with each other and with the suggested
answer.
5

4ELLSTUDENTS
– THEYWILLACHIEVEAHIGHERBANDSCOREIFTHEIR
ANSWERISCLEARLYANDLOGICALLYORGANISED4HIS
INCLUDESWRITINGPARAGRAPHSEACHWITHACLEAR

FOCUS
– ITISESSENTIALTOINCLUDEANOVERVIEWOFTHE
INFORMATIONATSOMESTAGEINTHEIRSUMMARY
OTHERWISETHEYWILLLOSEMARKS4HISISCOVEREDIN
MOREDETAILIN5NIT
– THEIRBANDSCOREALSODEPENDSONTHECHOICEAND
APPROPRIATENESSOFTHEIRVOCABULARYWITHLESS
COMMONWORDSUSEDAPPROPRIATELYGETTINGTHEMA
HIGHERMARK
Answers
1 0ARAGRAPHLOOKSATTHEOVERALLRISEANDTHEGAP
BETWEENMALESANDFEMALESWHILEPARAGRAPH
ISACLOSEANALYSISOFTHEYEARLYDATA
2 )TISTHEOVERVIEW
3 aless marked bmore significant
4 widen
5 A more detailed look at the graph revealsx
6 flattened out
7 just over
8 slight
Extension ideas
1 Ask students to copy the words and phrases focused
on in this exercise into their notebooks and suggest
they revise them and try to incorporate some of them
in their own Part 1 answers when the time comes.
2 Ask students to read the sample answer again and
highlight words and phrases they think would be
useful when doing other Part 1 Writing tasks. They
should also copy these into their notebooks.
6

Answers
'RADUATENUMBERSROSEDURINGTHEYEARSAND
REACHEDTHEIRhighestLEVELSINx
!FTERHOWEVERGRADUATENUMBERSSAWTHEIR
strongestGROWTHRATEx
Extension idea Go through the Language reference
on page 119 with students and ask them to supply extra
examples for each point alongside the examples in the
reference.
7

4ELLSTUDENTSTOREFERBACKTOTHE,ANGUAGEREFERENCE
WHENINDOUBT4ELLTHEMTHATTHISAREAOFGRAMMARIS
ESSENTIALFOR)%,43CANDIDATESTOMASTERASTHEYWILL
ALMOSTCERTAINLYNEEDITTODESCRIBEANYTYPEOFCHART
ORGRAPH
Answers
1STEADIEST 2MOSTPOPULAR 3LOWEST 4 4 H E  M O S T 
5GREATEST 6MOSTIMPORTANTAREA 7ONE
8FAVOURITE
14
Unit 1
Extension idea Ask students to write four or five
sentences like those in the exercise to describe higher
education in their country.
s 7HENTHEYHAVEFINISHEDASKTHEMTOWORKINSMALL
groups and compare their sentences. If they are
all from the same country, do they agree that the
sentences are true? If they come from different
countries, they can discuss how higher education is

different in each country.
Note:NOWWOULDBEAGOODTIMETODOTHE+EY
GRAMMARONPAGEWHICHISONTHEPASTSIMPLE
PRESENTPERFECTSIMPLEANDPASTPERFECTSIMPLE
8

!LTHOUGHYOURSTUDENTSHAVEQUITEANADVANCED
LEVELOF%NGLISHTHEYMAYNOTBEADEPTATANALYSING
STATISTICALDATASOITISWORTHROUNDINGUPWITHTHE
WHOLECLASSAFTERTHEYHAVEWORKEDINPAIRS
s %LICITTHATTHEYSHOULDINTRODUCETHETASKBY
EXPRESSINGTHEINFORMATIONGIVENTHEMINTHEIR
OWNWORDS9OUCANELICITSUGGESTIONSFORTHISEG
international students – overseas students/students
from other countries/from abroad; graduating –
obtaining degreesETC
9

9OUCANASKSTUDENTSTODOTHE7RITINGTASKFOR
HOMEWORK4ELLTHEMTHEYSHOULDSPENDABOUT
MINUTESWRITINGANDTHATTHEYSHOULDSETASIDEA
COUPLEOFMINUTESATTHEENDTOCHECKTHEIRANSWER
Extension idea When students have done the Writing
task, but before they hand it in, photocopy the sample
answer printed below and the questions which follow
and give a copy to each student.
s !SKSTUDENTSTO
– work in pairs and answer the questions
– compare their answers with the sample answer and
make any changes they want to their answers

– exchange answers with a partner and comment
or make suggestions for improvements to their
partner’s answer.
s 7HENTHEYAREREADYTHEYCANHANDTHEIRANSWERIN
to you for correction.
Answers to the questions below the sample
answer
1 0ARAGRAPHISANINTRODUCTION0ARAGRAPH
LOOKSATTHEFIGURESFORACROSSTHE
PROVINCESWHILE0ARAGRAPHLOOKSATTHE
CHANGESFROMTO0ARAGRAPH
SUPPLIESANOVERVIEW
2BETWEEN
3EXPERIENCED
4OCCURRED
5PATTERN
Sample answer
4HECHARTCOMPARESTHECHANGESTHATTOOKPLACE
BETWEENANDINRELATIONTOTHEPERCENTAGE
OFOVERSEASSTUDENTSWHOGRADUATEDFROM
UNIVERSITIESIN#ANADA
)NTHEPROPORTIONOFSTUDENTSFROMOTHER
COUNTRIESWHOGRADUATEDIN#ANADARANGEDFROM
THREEPERCENTIN/NTARIOTOSEVENPERCENTIN.EW
"RUNSWICK.OVA3COTIAHADTHESECONDHIGHEST
PERCENTAGEAT&IVEYEARSLATERTHEFIGURESFOR
MOSTPROVINCESHADRISENBYTWOTOTHREEPERCENT
WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOF!LBERTA4HEREFIGURESFELLBY
ONEPERCENTTOJUSTOVERFOURPERCENT
!CLOSERLOOKATTHECHARTREVEALSTHATSIGNIFICANT

GROWTHOCCURREDIN.EW"RUNSWICKWHERETHE
FIGURESROSEFROMSEVENTOJUSTUNDERPERCENT
(OWEVERTHEBIGGESTINCREASETOOKPLACEIN"RITISH
#OLUMBIAWHERETHEPERCENTAGEOFGRADUATESMORE
THANDOUBLEDALMOSTREACHINGALMOSTPERCENTIN

/VERTHISFIVEYEARPERIODSOMEPARTSOF#ANADA
EXPERIENCEDACONSIDERABLEINCREASEINTHEIR
PROPORTIONOFOVERSEASGRADUATESALTHOUGH.EW
"RUNSWICKREMAINEDTHEPROVINCEWITHTHEHIGHEST
PERCENTAGEOVERALL
Key grammar Past simple, present perfect
simple and past perfect simple
1

4ELLSTUDENTSTHAT)%,43CANDIDATESOFTENMAKE
MISTAKESWITHTHEFORMORSPELLINGOFTHESEPARTICULAR
VERBS7HENTHEYHAVEFINISHEDGOTHROUGHTHE
,ANGUAGEREFERENCEONPAGEWITHTHEM
Answers
3FELLBACK 4FALLENBACK 5ROSE 6RISEN
7WIDENED 8WIDENED 9TOOKPLACE
10TAKENPLACE 11EXPERIENCED 12EXPERIENCED
2

%NCOURAGESTUDENTSTOUSETHE,ANGUAGEREFERENCE
WHENNECESSARYTOHELPTHEMANSWERTHESEQUESTIONS
Answers
1GRADUALLYFELL 2HADDECREASED 3HAVEREMAINED
4HASBEEN 5TOOKPLACE 6HAVEEXPERIENCED

7REMAINED 8HADFLUCTUATED
3
Answers
2HASNOTALWAYSBEEN 3EXPERIENCED 4DROPPED
5REMAINED 6SAW 7HADREACHED 8FELLBACK
More information
15
Getting higher qualifications
Unit 1 photocopiable activity
Skills for sale
Time: 60 minutes
Objectives
s 4OCHECKSTUDENTSKNOWLEDGEOFDEPENDENT
PREPOSITIONS
s 4OPRACTISESUPERLATIVEFORMS
s 4ORAISEAWARENESSOFSTRESSINPRONUNCIATION
s 4OBUILDCONFIDENCEINDEALINGWITHINTERVIEW
QUESTIONS
s 4OPRACTISEVOCABULARYRELATEDTOSKILLSAND
QUALIFICATIONS
s 4OHELPSTUDENTSTOGETTOKNOWEACHOTHERBETTER
Before class
9OUWILLNEEDTOMAKEONECOPYOFTHEWORKSHEETON
PAGEFOREACHSTUDENT
1

As a warmer!SKSTUDENTSHave you ever had to ‘sell’
your skills or experi ence during a job or university
interview? Do you think it is an easy thing to do?
Why? / Why not?

2

'IVEEACHSTUDENTACOPYOFTHEWORKSHEET4ELLTHEM
THATTHEYHAVEANIMPORTANTINTERVIEWFORAJOBOR
AUNIVERSITYCOURSECOMINGSOONANDTOHELPTHEM
PREPARETHEYHAVESEARCHEDTHE)NTERNETFORUSEFUL
VIDEOS4ELLTHEMTOLOOKATTHESCRIPTSOFTHREEVIDEO
CLIPSWHICHTHEYHAVEFOUNDANDTOSKIMTHEVIDEO
SCRIPTSTODECIDEWHICHCANDIDATETHEYTHINKISBEST
2OUNDUPANSWERSWITHTHEWHOLECLASSREMINDING
STUDENTSTHATTHEREISNOCORRECTANSWERHERE
3

&OCUSSTUDENTSONQUESTIONS!n$INTHESCRIPTSAND
TELLTHEMTOCHOOSETHECORRECTOPTIONS#HECKANSWERS
WITHTHEWHOLECLASS
Answers
ABEST BMOST CLEAST DGREATEST
4

4ELLSTUDENTSTOCOMPLETEGAPSnWITHTHECORRECT
PREPOSITION
Answers
1ON 2ON 3WITH 4TO 5FOR 6OF 7ABOUT
8IN 9IN
5

0UTSTUDENTSINPAIRSORGROUPSOFTHREE!SKTHEM
TOMAKEALISTOFSEVENQUESTIONSTHEYWOULDASKAN
INTERVIEWCANDIDATEANDWRITETHEMONTHEWORKSHEET

)FTHEYFINDITDIFFICULTTOTHINKOFQUESTIONSALLOW
THEMTOUSESOMEOFTHEQUESTIONSFROMTHEVIDEO
SCRIPTS
6

4ELLSTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHEIRSEVENQUESTIONSAGAIN
ANDTOUNDERLINETHEWORDSWHICHRECEIVETHEMAIN
STRESSINEACHQUESTION'OROUNDANDMONITORAS
STUDENTSDOTHIS)FNECESSARYWORKTHROUGHSOME
EXAMPLESONTHEBOARDANDDRILLTHECORRECTSENTENCE
STRESS
7

!RRANGETHECLASSSOTHATSTUDENTSAREALLWORKING
WITHDIFFERENTPARTNERS4HEYNOWTAKETURNSTO
INTERVIEWEACHOTHERUSINGTHEIRQUESTIONS$URING
THEINTERVIEWSMONITORSTUDENTSUSEOFSTRESSAND
VOCABULARYSOTHATYOUCANGIVEFEEDBACKLATERON
8

7HENALLTHEINTERVIEWSAREFINISHEDSTUDENTSRETURN
TOTHEIRORIGINALPARTNERSANDREPORTBACKONHOW
GOODTHEIRCANDIDATESWEREATSELLINGTHEIRSKILLS
2OUNDUPBYASKINGTHECLASSTONOMINATETHEMOST
CONVINCINGINTERVIEWEE
Extension idea If you have access to video equipment,
film some of the interviews and post them on your class
VLE or website.
More information
16

Complete IELTS Bands 6.5–7.5 by Guy Brook-Hart and Vanessa Jakeman with David Jay © Cambridge University Press 2013

PHOTOCOPIABLE
Unit 1 photocopiable activity
Skills for sale
A What do you like better / best about your current job or studies?
7ELLTHATSADIFFICULTQUESTIONTOANSWERBECAUSETHEREAREALOTOF
THINGS)MKEEN1
WHENITCOMESTONURSING)NTHE
ENDTHOUGHITALLCOMESDOWNTOTHEPEOPLEAROUNDMEBOTHPATIENTS
ANDCOLLEAGUES3EEINGTHATSMILEONSOMEONESFACEWHENTHEYGET
BETTERAFTERAPERIODOFILLNESSORKNOWINGTHATYOURCOLLEAGUESARE
RELYING2
YOUTOPLAYYOURPARTINTHETEAMnTHATS
WHATMAKESTHEJOBSOSPECIAL
B Who do you admire most / mostly, and why?
)MABIGFANOF5SAIN"OLT(ESHOWSTHATITSPOSSIBLETOCOMPETE
3
YOURRIVALSWITHOUTBECOMINGARROGANT
(ESANAMAZINGATHLETEANDHECOMBINESTHATWITHAREALLY
OUTGOINGPERSONALITY)F)CANACHIEVEEVENHALFOFHISDEDICATION
4
WHATHEDOES)LLBEPROUDOFMYSELF
C What’s your less / least attractive characteristic?
7ELL)GUESSTHATSOMETIMESMYCREATIVEVISIONFORTHEPROJECTS)M
WORKINGONCANBEALITTLETOOSTRONG3OMETIMES)ENDUPFEELINGAS
IF)MRESPONSIBLE5
EVERYTHINGWHENACTUALLY)
COULDPROBABLYALLOWMYASSISTANTSTOTAKECARE6


MOREASPECTSOFEACHPROJECT)TSEASIERSAIDTHANDONETHOUGH
BECAUSE)AMREALLYPASSIONATE7
MYWORK
D What’s your greatest / most great achievement so far?
)THINKITWASMYFIRSTPRESENTATIONATACONFERENCE)WASPRESENTING
THERESULTSOFAPROJECT)DBEENINVOLVED8
FOR
OVERAYEARSO)WASREALLYNERVOUSABOUTHOWITWOULDGO)NTHE
ENDITWENTDOWNREALLYWELLANDGETTINGPOSITIVEFEEDBACKFROM
MEMBERSOFTHEAUDIENCEREALLYHELPEDMETOGAINGREATERCONFIDENCE
9
PRESENTINGMYOWNWORK
0.10/0:50
Steve: 26, Jamaican, student nurse
0.10/0:50
Alessia: 43, Italian, graphic designer
0.10/0:50
Imran: 31, Indian, IT consultant
Interview questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Complete IELTS Bands 6.5–7.5 by Guy Brook-Hart and Vanessa Jakeman with David Jay © Cambridge University Press 2013

PHOTOCOPIABLE
17

Word list
Unit 1
automated adjDONEBYMACHINESANDNOTPEOPLE
base somethingon somethingvp;4=)FYOUBASE
SOMETHINGONFACTSORIDEASYOUUSETHOSEFACTSORIDEAS
TODEVELOPIT
bring peopletogethervp;4=)FANORGANISATIONOR
ACTIVITYBRINGSPEOPLETOGETHERITCAUSESPEOPLETODO
SOMETHINGASAGROUP
by the timephraseATTHEPOINTWHEN
channel resourcesinto somethingvp;4=TOUSE
ENERGYANDEFFORTFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE
a common desirenp;#=ASTRONGFEELINGOFWANTING
TOACHIEVEORHAVESOMETHINGFELTBYALLTHEMEMBERSOF
AGROUP
concentrate on somethingvp;4=TOUSEMOSTOF
YOURTIMEANDEFFORTTODOSOMETHING
crucial adjNECESSARYTOMAKESOMETHINGSUCCEED
down-to-earth adjPRACTICALANDREALISTIC
discipline n;#=APARTICULARSUBJECTOFSTUDY
everyday adjNORMALANDUSEDEVERYDAY
extraordinary adjVERYUNUSUALSPECIALOR
SURPRISING
facilities pluralnBUILDINGSEQUIPMENTORSERVICES
THATAREPROVIDEDFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE
field n;#=23ANAREAOFSTUDYORACTIVITY
get to the topphrase23TOSUCCEEDINGETTINGONEOF
THEMOSTIMPORTANTJOBSINAPARTICULARCAREER
go on to do somethingvpTODOSOMETHINGAFTER
lRSTDOINGSOMETHINGELSE

growth ratenp;#=THESPEEDATWHICHSOMETHING
INCREASES
high achievernp;#=AVERYSUCCESSFULPERSONWHO
ACHIEVESALOTINTHEIRLIFE
highly giftedadjEXTREMELYINTELLIGENTORHAVINGA
NATURALABILITYTODOSOMETHINGEXTREMELYWELL
human potentialnp;5=PEOPLESABILITYTODEVELOP
ANDACHIEVEGOODTHINGSINTHEFUTURE
inspire v;4=TOMAKESOMEONEFEELENTHUSIASTIC
ABOUTASUBJECTANDGIVETHEMTHEIDEATODOSOMETHING
institute
n;#=ANORGANISATIONWHEREPEOPLEDOA
PARTICULARKINDOFSCIENTIlCOREDUCATIONALWORK
interact with someone/somethingvp;4=)FTWO
PEOPLEORTHINGSINTERACTWITHEACHOTHERTHEYSPEAKOR
DOTHINGSWITHEACHOTHER
master v;4=TOLEARNHOWTODOSOMETHINGVERYWELL
obtain v;4=TOGETSOMETHINGTHATYOUWANT
recruitment program(me)np;#=23ASERIESOFACTIONS
INTENDEDTOGETPEOPLETOJOINANORGANISATIONORWORKFOR
ACOMPANY
remain unchangedvpTOSTAYTHESAMENOT
CHANGINGINANYWAY
responsible for somethingadjBEINGTHEPERSON
WHOCAUSESSOMETHINGTOHAPPEN
sensors pluralnPIECESOFEQUIPMENTTHATCANlND
HEATLIGHTETC
take something for grantedphraseTOUSE
SOMETHINGALLTHETIMEWITHOUTTHINKINGHOWUSEFULITIS
ORHOWLUCKYYOUARETOHAVEIT

telecoms n;5=SHORTFORtelecommunicati onsTHE
PROCESSORBUSINESSOFSENDINGINFORMATIONORMESSAGES
BYTELEPHONERADIOETC
thus advINTHISWAY
a vast range(of)np;#=AVERYLARGENUMBEROF
DIFFERENTTHINGS
visible adjABLETOBESEEN
vocational trainingnp;5=THELEARNINGOFSKILLSTHAT
PREPAREYOUFORAJOB
Abbreviations: n/npNOUNNOUNPHRASEv/vpVERBVERBPHRASEadj/adjpADJECTIVEADJECTIVEPHRASE
adv/advpADVERBADVERBPHRASEpvPHRASALVERBT/ITRANSITIVEINTRANSITIVEC/UCOUNTABLEUNCOUNTABLE
18
Complete IELTS Bands 6.5–7.5 by Guy Brook-Hart and Vanessa Jakeman with David Jay © Cambridge University Press 2013

PHOTOCOPIABLE
Vocabulary extension
Unit 1
achieve an aimvp;4=TOSUCCEEDINDOINGSOMETHING
THATYOUHAVEBEENTRYINGTODO
aspiration n;#5=SOMETHINGTHATYOUHOPETOACHIEVE
award a degreevp;4=TOGIVESOMEONEAQUALIlCATION
FORCOMPLETINGAUNIVERSITYCOURSESUCCESSFULLY
conclusive resultsplural nRESULTSFROMATESTOR
EXPERIMENTTHATPROVETHATSOMETHINGISDElNITELYTRUE
conduct an experimentvp;4=TODOATESTESPECIALLYA
SCIENTIlCONEINORDERTOLEARNSOMETHINGORDISCOVERIF
SOMETHINGISTRUE
confirm a theoryvp;4=TOPROVETHATANIDEAISTRUE
cutting-edge researchn;5=RESEARCHTHATISVERY
MODERNANDSHOWSALLTHENEWESTDISCOVERIES

dedication n;5=WHENYOUGIVEALOTOFTIMEANDENERGY
TOSOMETHINGBECAUSEYOUBELIEVEITISVERYIMPORTANT
determination n;5=THEDESIRETOKEEPTRYINGTODO
SOMETHINGALTHOUGHITISVERYDIFlCULT
dissertation n;#=AVERYLONGPIECEOFWRITINGONA
SUBJECTTHATISDONEASPARTOFAUNIVERSITYDEGREE
doctorate n;#=THEMOSTADVANCEDQUALIlCATIONFROMA
UNIVERSITYORCOLLEGE
extensive research n ;5=VERYDETAILEDRESEARCHTHAT
INVOLVESALOTOFINFORMATION
fulfil a lifelong ambitionvp;4=TOSUCCEEDINDOING
SOMETHINGTHATYOUHAVEWANTEDTODOFORMOSTOFYOUR
LIFE
fund researchvp;4=TOPROVIDETHEMONEYFORRESEARCH
highlight a problemvp;4=TOEMPHASISEORMAKEPEOPLE
NOTICEAPROBLEM
investigate v;4=TOTRYTODISCOVERALLTHEFACTSABOUT
SOMETHING
ongoing trialsplural nTESTSHAPPENINGNOWOF
SOMETHINGNEWTOlNDOUTIFITISSAFEORWORKSCORRECTLY
painstaking investigationn;#5=THEPROCESSOFTRYING
TODISCOVERALLTHEFACTSABOUTSOMETHINGUSINGVERY
CAREFULANDDETAILEDTECHNIQUES
PHD n;#=ANADVANCEDUNIVERSITYQUALIlCATIONORA
PERSONWHOHASTHISQUALIlCATION
postgraduate course of studyn;#=ACOURSEOFSTUDY
THATSOMEONEDOESAFTERGETTINGAlRSTDEGREE
professional qualificationn;#=AQUALIlCATIONTHAT
SHOWSYOUHAVETHESKILLSANDKNOWLEDGETODOA
PARTICULARJOB

pursue one’s dreamvp;4=TOTRYTOACHIEVESOMETHING
THATYOUHAVEVERYMUCHWANTEDTODOFORALONGTIME
recognise a qualificationvp;4=TOOFlCIALLYACCEPTA
QUALIlCATION
research papern;#=APIECEOFWRITINGONANACADEMIC
SUBJECTTHATCONTAINSRESEARCH
scientific journaln;#=AMAGAZINETHATCONTAINSARTICLES
ABOUTSCIENCE
thesis n;#=ALONGPIECEOFWRITINGTHATYOUDOASPARTOF
ANADVANCEDUNIVERSITYCOURSE
thorough investigationn;#5=THEPROCESSOFTRYINGTO
DISCOVERALLTHEFACTSABOUTSOMETHINGUSINGVERYCAREFUL
ANDDETAILEDTECHNIQUES
undertake researchvp;4=TODORESEARCH
Abbreviations: n/npNOUNNOUNPHRASEv/vp
VERBVERBPHRASEadj/adjpADJECTIVEADJECTIVEPHRASE
adv/advpADVERBADVERBPHRASEpvPHRASALVERBT/ITRANSITIVEINTRANSITIVEC/UCOUNTABLEUNCOUNTABLE