Tự động hóa và điều chỉnh thiết bị điện (chương 1)

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Mở đầu:(1 tiết)

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Chơng 1: Các nguyên tắc xây dựng hệ thống tự động điều
khiển.(10 tiết)
1.1 Chức năng, yêu cầu của tự động điều khiển thiết bị điện.
1.1.1. Chức năng của các mạch tự đông điều khiển.
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3. Điều khiển năng lợng
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4. Điều khiển các thông số của thiết bị điện theo yêu cầu công
nghệ #LG:J/9
Tự động khởi động, hãm, đảo chiều cũng nh ổn định tốc độ của các
động cơ điện khi thay đổi tải1$3 $2.M-
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1.1.2. Yêu cầu đối với các mạch tự động điều khiển.
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1. Tù ®éng hãa nh»m môc ®Ých:
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• KC%4Jg%
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3. Tù ®éng hãa ph¸t triÓn:
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1.2. CÊu tróc cña hÖ thèng tù ®éng ho¸
1.2.1 CÊu tróc c¬ b¶n cña hÖ thèng
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Q1Q1
d
HEq
HE
HEr


v
.
.
≈
++
=
∆
ω∆
=
[ ] [ ]
4t

[
1-4t
{
u
1
-
4

t
{
{
{
d
.
.
.
Y
.V*


Q

.*
.
..
==






−
ω
=
H. CJ
( )
Q111
Q1


d
HEV
HE
HEr
B
Y
B


V


B
++
+
=
ω∆
=
K: X:  ;  
  .  ?S
O  @    I
 :
[ ]
θ−γ=
=
θ
ξ+
θ
HEV
V




u
B
Y
Y
uR%%*O@:

θR8O 6:
VR      L  $  %%*  &   
:
ξR4N,
γEHR(%$
V    %
!
Q1
d
HEq
HEz
HEr
.
|
.
|
+
=
=
( )
( )
[ ]
4tqs

[
1
qs
q
z
d

.Y
.
.
|
.Q
.
|
|
==
==
>F/
B[


d
HEq
HEq
HEr ==


B[
q
q
d =
>  .  ,
J  }  %
!
.



d
HEq
HEq
HEr ==




.
~
~
t
q
q
d
+
=ρµρ=
∆
∆
=
>  .  ,
  }  ? 
!E8/U
<6H
Q1
1d
HEr
Y.
Q..
+

=
( )
[ ]
4tB~1tB~1
Y.Q.
ρ+==
b
1Un75 =% ! d4N.,<4N$
1.3 KÝ hiÖu c¸c phÇn tö trong b¶n vÏ thiÕt kÕ.
1Un .@
Lo¹i nguån ®iÖn
]    %
!
]    ? 
!
] @ P
P& Z|  `x  =•
Zex€YYx
X-O
M¸y ®iÖn
V 
>}
>
X7L:
%!
d@  I    :
%!
V    .
&/&
48

V    .
& 
O(
1Un .@
V &
] O(N4
] O(N%

D©y dÉn, mèi nèi
]  }-  8%
 -  $   -
-%,
K$ 
] 8%T
B&6
B-7N
B•m
=    S
.N
 X@  T%-  ‚T
N
K7
K7
PN <7
N
K0%.0%
PhÇn tö ®ãng c¾t
c
1Un .@
BT

B7
f%
1 0% :/*-
T : $
M
1 0% :/*-
T : $
.@
1 0% :/*-
T:8)
&O
1 0% :/*-
T:.
6&
B 0 %,
!@
Pl($M
Pl ( $
.@
Thiết bị bảo vệ
B7;
B;:
1C
BN4S
Cuộn dây điều
khiển
B l :/*-
T:
B l :/* 8
; $

8)%
1Un .@
B l :/*- 8
; $
J)%
B l :/* 8
; $
8-J)%
B l :/*-
T : 8
./U:
X7 5 N 8
:/*
Thiết bị và ph ơng
pháp điều khiển
B 0 ^
*! 0

K .0 <
l%(
K .0 <
l%.S
K!.0?
K! .0 <
LM7
K! .0 <
4$
K! .0 <
l% (
.0)%,

K! .0 <
/G
K! .0 <
*
K! .0 <
7
K! .0 <
;.
K! .0 <
%*
e
1Un .@
K!  .0  <
%
K!  .0  <
:
K!  .0  <
&&
K!  .0  <
%L(/_
K!.0</
/3(/_
K!.0</
/3.@
K!  .0  <
%
K!  .0  <
75
„
1.4. Cách thể hiện sơ đồ nguyên lí và sơ đồ lắp

ráp.
1.4.1 Cách thể hiện sơ đồ nguyên lí.
1. Thể hiện nét vẽ trên sơ đồ động lực và điều khiển
K0$.80n34:&%,.%;$
.7J0%,*% UTN(
1UJml.@A7
QZP04:&%,.7* UT9Sm
%,/)%Sm%,!.0m%J:@6U
;Q\Q
2. Kí hiệu trên bản vẽ.
1UJmJ8.@/.d@/l'U
/.ln-87'4$nJm^K!
<%%6@$nJm;%04:&:P$R
$n#7U/.E@6:/*~-7B]-
Qx
~]
~]
~]
~]
d
d
V
]
dd d
=;Q\Q04:&%,H4:&
/-H4:&%,!.0
H
H
f%…f1H-2#7LG%/.
0.@E@6T:)…1-T:3…PH %

4N.@.
3. Bè trÝ linh kiÖn
dJm/-!/.Jm73.0m
.U*LGI8%-0.n
JmJ4 D;%/.1%•
ma7.*0.;%^@6Jm;
Q\Y-Jm3.e.*U
Jm 4m.l}/.
P#Jm!J34N-#$N
%,I 54.J8F}BF}R
3*8%4N-@63QY€`8%4N 3
0/7;%MJmQY4N`
@691%Jm8m%4:&%, U;
Q\Z
Bl07}Jm49
VN:/*~
Q
,E.8-.T7
;%0%,MQYb~:/*~
Q
4560%$M-%
0%$8=0%$M:/*~
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V %%,J3/T%J
-B3/TJJ%J@.D%D)[T
/. a7*# UT(

1. Bè trÝ thiÕt bÞ
BJ3N@*-0J%J@%D)
P3/T* UT
Theo nguyªn t¾c träng lîng
P#SG-:-F/'(-#
pN@U@6%J'*!†
L8%-T::/*B3N@
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*('MU2U;Q\Z
Theo nguyªn t¾c ph¸t nhiÖt
1* UTN/..@#@N@
(-#!N@U-'#S
!3'M:88N(1$38
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;Q\\%'T%% %!:J
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7N'CH
K7N J34N*4:& U/@B
4N7 J3U*%/( 7 - 84N
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- oN7NE'N/H3T%•7
N
- B%•439oN.-C4N/3/+-4N/+
-F
o:&.pJ8F}%4:&%,/U

O4NJm4:&(N -.0J4N4.F45
B80; ,%6'JE@6J
% @Hƒ./%6 80^),
-/+7(N
] / !.038 U<%
4I /JM !.0^
I /4 !.0
B$!.04NJU(J$
.
B!.09
Q\
`xZ
] }
oN7
K7N
=;Q\`K4N7 7N
B!.0$//,!/+%43d45
6/+4378%4N/3N0/+
%•43!.0
- 1\/+9.7/+#
- 1QY/+9N0Y/+#
- 1Yx/+9N0\/+#
- 1UYx/+9N0b/+#
B!.0J//,-U-/+G&-XB-
(x-b€Q.
] }SF327.*.0T%
B!.04NJ88n,<3(XB/%
)%O; -8'@G40/5-,.8
(.@ G%,
3. Bè trÝ d©y trong tñ ®iÖn

] }J3N@n TB8%4N
N@ 9
] }J388< .}= U
$(C/, lG08 -U;Q\b
B8  g%%Dp-.45#J;%
7 ;.8.G:-;JT %;%37 
] }3'%8?‰A;Q\bB
 .0 ()-.45#F7)T% /
80.0% }%^
] !.03456%8 !43E;Q\bH-
43 <%7-'<4N }K .0
 $ 2#% %88.J }/-@6
 % -G !
Vn J8%!@33O(
%n‰/7N%.7N7_B 
TO.JN#*/8J/!J38/,
N@48A_(. 4LG7(
N
4. Nèi d©y gi÷a c¸c b¶ng m¹ch trong tñ ®iÖn vµ nèi ra ngoµi
P<%/T'/)#.N U%
-$N #J%,N<7(
  ‚TT%=;Q\c%4N/,7(E;Q\cH
‚TT%E;Q\cH$' 
Q`
1$3,/)-8./T'J3N 
/!.0IK0/%3 J87
N%$n/7(
] N/3NO7(/E;Q\cH- 
80NE;Q\cH
] N!.0Ia3NO7( 

‚TT%/,_U;Q\c-
B7(N $3N@@'U

5. ThiÕt bÞ ®iÖn tö
BJ%,J3/TU.d3*U
‡'4J8%'N80)I
@4J%,' (N.-d7J
/T'@4.-.J8J/!0^)
J%, (N
BJ%,-%‚TT%J'
(*%80J%J.07%@. 

BJ%,J3)-.80l.
)'4N($
B%N(N #!.3S
B4 J3(I)9
- 1U,
- >J7 4N/'@.D)
1(J)5J8%LU!
P!%'%n)J(:@%/
(N0/`
x
BE $'.Jbx
x
BH
6. Vá tñ ®iÖn
BX*/J8.@Ug&(B
)8TJ/)!-J8
.JG)% T.(%.
7J8

1J85*<J/!*/3N<
/
1(J.N.p-:/*-66FJ3N@
480)./%B.8
Qb
/U@3J3N@0.?l)
%
1(J66/$-:/*-.8!.0-.8n
)J3/T'<JU%'8T,
3/@N@MU_J3
4J‡%^%.J‡
.B< J3N@Mc`x÷Qexx%%
4%'4
.J480^%M!%7
81$366:/* U7)
@?-J'J%(J%
B3,IS/<N(%S8
! 3/@._:Q-`%%1S80456/%
.GL,/P3/TUX*/-S
(%20,*/J 0NJM
4)@?
B5J3N@M#@7)O;
;$a.84N-@6 7;-
JI:/*-._
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Lập hệ phơng trình vi phân của hệ thống.
Xác định các thông số của hệ thống từ chế độ tĩnh.
Làm rõ những khả năng tuyến tính hóa đặc tính, thực hiện việc tuyến
tính hóa đặc tính từng khâu hay toàn bộ hệ thống.
Tổng hợp hệ thống đã tuyển tính hóa, xác định các thông số của mạch
hiệu chỉnh.
Viết lại hệ phơng trình vi phân của hệ thống có bao gồm cả các khâu
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<<:@.0 5[/4:P#
: SJ:;)ZM;l
_;%%:;'#:;):
.J_%(!$:
KNN3M#:;)U
456:74N0@O;O-/l8.7
;%%:;'d @8'@-I
,'@? :; @-<4N@
l3;%I!.7U%•,'@><
 @?.@%)!$
PUL'@N -O;O
l3<:; -456:
&J@

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1.6. Mét sè s¬ ®å m¹ch ®iÓn h×nh.
1.6.1. C¸c m¹ch b¶o vÖ.
1N!.0,EQxxxH
VN3#_.8G%L
) -7J456l/,JP#%,
JC/9J,-J0-J
OJ-J.-J;-JO(
1. B¶o vÖ 0 (kh«ng)
K /%,J,/,4.%(=;
QbQ%4:&%,Jx.%(P$
0%d%T44l(V%.(V d8
-BT:dl80%(%,8d
%(0%d%J d.l.8J:/,
o:&%,Jx$32%,.=;QbQ
%4:&Jx<%,/d(lV7
4NZCfP]M%Lx-(V7/UQ-%LQ &
3/,Q-#7M%LQd%(7J!x
2. M¹ch b¶o vÖ dßng ®iÖn cùc ®¹&%JJT%,
%,/-8$34567;%
U;QbY-2:/*,E;QbYH
]8J 7;{
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1K
:/*
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%3@49
>J:.&/&48

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‹EQ-Y÷Q-ZH{
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d.M;$-$.M:_:`
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Œ{
dK
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d.M'!-$.M:/:`
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3. M¹ch b¶o vÖ dßng ®iÖn cùc tiÓu
KN:%!.J%.@I4m( 0%
878%,J0<:/*o:&%,
J0U;QbZd .@I
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 l0%~.%,!.0;
QbZBF.8 d%8.(V-%,7L
:%8
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4. B¶o vÖ qu¸ t¶i
K8!/,J./%OJ/4m-80
/% 873JOJV,JOJ80
3<J%'/73J
B$$/%:/J<OJ, 
O73J1J32$3 /
:/*d84NOJ:/*/%%M0%
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5. B¶o vÖ hµnh tr×nh
P!/,% 8,;@6?*(g-;
% $#; 73J<
T;@6U;Qb`m%%,J;)
3%:(, )3d, ;):(
:.@0%;)E=11H-%M0%)
:I1*!;3a:
6. B¶o vÖ qóa ®iÖn ¸p vµ thÊp ¸p
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1.6.2. Mạch liên động.
1. Tiếp điểm liên động của công tắc khi hở nút nhấn
[,%,/U $320#lM,
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;3456T;<:.@-'
T;<,J%L%)$
 I$-'<4P#/U;
 32!/,:7% -7g-% 
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4. Liªn ®éng ®¶m b¶o mét tr×nh tù c«ng nghÖ ®Æt tríc.
P!/,8#*%;(-@6
..M:%!<M-M3T
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'J%J#Š%N@6M
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3.O;A%A.l-M;Qb„/%,/U1Y
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LG/U
=;Qbe[UA%J!H
<%,0%-H<%,/
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H<%,0%-H<%,/
5. Liªn ®éng b¶o vÖ
B8!:(-%,73J.8#
8@6J:..M-%MT!
.0
1.6.3 TÝn hiÖu

1@3456%,<%.0%4;,,
-% %8@6--,
8-T-L,  !
1@8032/ƒ-%E-H-$
:/*-0<#-;J4N
1.6.4. Mét sè m¹ch lçi
1.%,!.0.8#/•F3
O;/T')] %4N%,/•
@6
=;Y`Qm%4:&%T l%T44
=l%T44  4m'/•.%l/
6lG:EdH8J%S-%/:/*E~H8
J%/dM0%[K d?JG/3/%A
%,I:/*7L:/*80l/'/,&$.8
G:d4mG$J
1$A%GE;Y`YH0%$.@=M
H.? .8 0%,dB@6!@1,U%%,J
$%aUS/!U;Y`Y-*%, 80/%:/*
~PlP0%dB 0I@)!x8?J
G/3 d-1E%aUSLU;mH3:
;Y`Q
Y`
~
=;Y`QV,/•.l.
J%%T44
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