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TOPIC: BRIDGE TYPES
TOPIC: BRIDGE TYPES
1. Introduce
1. Introduce

A bridge is a structure built to span physical
A bridge is a structure built to span physical
obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road,
obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road,
for the purpose of providing passage over the
for the purpose of providing passage over the
obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the
obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the
function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain
function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain
where the bridge is constructed, the material used to
where the bridge is constructed, the material used to
make it and the funds available to build it.
make it and the funds available to build it.

There are six main types of bridges: beam bridges,
There are six main types of bridges: beam bridges,
truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges,
truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges,
suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges.

suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges.

Illustration for bridges type
Illustration for bridges type

I. Beam bridges
I. Beam bridges

Beam bridges are the most simple of structural
Beam bridges are the most simple of structural
forms being supported by an abutment at each
forms being supported by an abutment at each
end of the deck. No moments are transferred
end of the deck. No moments are transferred
through the support hence their structural type is
through the support hence their structural type is
known as simply supported.
known as simply supported.

The simplest beam bridge could be a slab of
The simplest beam bridge could be a slab of
stone, or a plank of wood laid across a stream.
stone, or a plank of wood laid across a stream.
Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will
Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will
usually be constructed of steel or reinforced
usually be constructed of steel or reinforced
concrete, or a combination of both. The concrete
concrete, or a combination of both. The concrete
used can either be reinforced, prestressed or

used can either be reinforced, prestressed or
post-tensioned.
post-tensioned.

Types of construction could include having many
Types of construction could include having many
beams side by side with a deck across the top of
beams side by side with a deck across the top of
them, to a main beam either side supporting a
them, to a main beam either side supporting a
deck between them. The main beams could be I-
deck between them. The main beams could be I-
beams, trusses, or box girders. They could be
beams, trusses, or box girders. They could be
half-through, or braced across the top to create a
half-through, or braced across the top to create a
through bridge.
through bridge.

Beam bridges are often only used for really short
Beam bridges are often only used for really short
distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have
distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have
no built in supports. The only supports are
no built in supports. The only supports are
provided by piers.
provided by piers.
Feiyun River Bridge, Zhejiang Province

The beam bridges famous

The beam bridges famous
Rio-niteroiBridge
SevenMileBridge

II. Truss bridges
II. Truss bridges

A truss bridge is a bridge
A truss bridge is a bridge
composed of connected
composed of connected
elements(typically straight)
elements(typically straight)
which may be stressed from
which may be stressed from
tension, compression, or
tension, compression, or
sometimes both in response to
sometimes both in response to
dynamic loads. Truss bridges
dynamic loads. Truss bridges
are one of the oldest types of
are one of the oldest types of
modern bridges. The basic
modern bridges. The basic
types of truss bridges shown in
types of truss bridges shown in
this article have simple designs
this article have simple designs
which could be easily analyzed

which could be easily analyzed
by nineteenth and early
by nineteenth and early
twentieth century engineers. A
twentieth century engineers. A
truss bridge is economical to
truss bridge is economical to
construct owing to its efficient
construct owing to its efficient
use of materials.
use of materials.

The truss bridges famous
The truss bridges famous
ErieCanalRRBridge
TrangTien bridge

III. Arch bridges
III. Arch bridges

An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments
at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch
at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch
bridges work by transferring the weight of
bridges work by transferring the weight of
the bridge and its loads partially into a
the bridge and its loads partially into a
horizontal thrust restrained by the
horizontal thrust restrained by the

abutments at either side. A viaduct (a long
abutments at either side. A viaduct (a long
bridge) may be made from a series of
bridge) may be made from a series of
arches, although other more economical
arches, although other more economical
structures are typically used today.
structures are typically used today.



Arch bridge: construction that allows
Arch bridge: construction that allows
automobiles to travel between two points
automobiles to travel between two points
separated by an obstacle.
separated by an obstacle.


Portal frame: construction that carries the
Portal frame: construction that carries the
weight of a suspended load to the ground.
weight of a suspended load to the ground.


Arch: arched vault that is supported by
Arch: arched vault that is supported by
the abutments.
the abutments.

Deck: platform of the bridge.
Deck: platform of the bridge.


Lower chord: lower supporting piece.
Lower chord: lower supporting piece.


Upper chord: upper supporting piece.
Upper chord: upper supporting piece.


Pile: masonry pylon that serves as
Pile: masonry pylon that serves as
support.
support.

The arch bridges famous
The arch bridges famous
Si-o-sePolbridge,Iran
Fredrikstad_BridgeacrossGlomma01 Fredrikstad Na Uy
HarlemRiverBridges (New York , Mỹ )





Suspension bridge
Suspension bridge

: construction that
: construction that
allows automobiles to travel between two
allows automobiles to travel between two
points separated by an obstacle.
points separated by an obstacle.

Side span
Side span
: segment between two
: segment between two
pylons at the ends of a bridge.
pylons at the ends of a bridge.

Centre span
Centre span
: segment between two
: segment between two
pylons at the centre of a bridge.
pylons at the centre of a bridge.

Side pylon
Side pylon
: tower-like vertical
: tower-like vertical
construction situated at the side, usually
construction situated at the side, usually
supporting the cables of a suspension
supporting the cables of a suspension
bridge or a cable-stayed bridge

bridge or a cable-stayed bridge

Foundation of a pylon
Foundation of a pylon
: very durable
: very durable
lower part of a tower.
lower part of a tower.

Suspender
Suspender
: support cable.
: support cable.

Suspension cable
Suspension cable
: set of braided wire
: set of braided wire
that supports a bridge.
that supports a bridge.

Pylon
Pylon
: tower-like vertical support that
: tower-like vertical support that
usually supports the cables of a
usually supports the cables of a
suspension bridge or a cable-stayed
suspension bridge or a cable-stayed
bridge.

bridge.

Stiffening girder
Stiffening girder
: tightener beam
: tightener beam

Golden gate bridge
Golden gate bridge

A suspension bridge is a type
A suspension bridge is a type
of bridge which is built by
of bridge which is built by
suspending the roadway from
suspending the roadway from
cables attached to a master cable
cables attached to a master cable
which runs above the length of
which runs above the length of
the bridge. In addition to being
the bridge. In addition to being
strong and
strong and
lightweight, suspension bridges
lightweight, suspension bridges
are also beautiful, and some of
are also beautiful, and some of
the most famous bridges in the
the most famous bridges in the

world are also suspension bridges,
world are also suspension bridges,
including San Francisco's iconic
including San Francisco's iconic
Golden Gate Bridge
Golden Gate Bridge
and New
and New
York's
York's
Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge
.
.

A
A
suspension bridge
suspension bridge
is a type
is a type
of bridge in which the deck (the
of bridge in which the deck (the
load-bearing portion) is hung
load-bearing portion) is hung
below suspension cables on
below suspension cables on
vertical suspenders
vertical suspenders


This type of bridge has cables
This type of bridge has cables
suspended between towers, plus
suspended between towers, plus
vertical
vertical
suspender cables
suspender cables
that
that
carry the weight of the deck
carry the weight of the deck
below, upon which traffic crosses.
below, upon which traffic crosses.
Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge

VI. Cable-stayed bridges
VI. Cable-stayed bridges

A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally referred to as
A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally referred to as
towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.
towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.
There are two major classes of cable-stayed bridges: In a harp design, the cables are made
There are two major classes of cable-stayed bridges: In a harp design, the cables are made
nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower(s) so that the height of
nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower(s) so that the height of
attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the
attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the

roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top
roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top
of the tower(s).
of the tower(s).
Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is optimal for spans longer than typically seen
Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is optimal for spans longer than typically seen
in cantilever bridges, and shorter than those typically requiring a suspension bridge. This is the
in cantilever bridges, and shorter than those typically requiring a suspension bridge. This is the
range in which cantilever spans would rapidly grow heavier if they were lengthened, and in
range in which cantilever spans would rapidly grow heavier if they were lengthened, and in
which suspension cabling does not get more economical, were the span to be shortened.
which suspension cabling does not get more economical, were the span to be shortened.
21 tháng 5 năm 2000.

Sutong yangtze with the longest main span in the would as of 2011 1088m, side span 300m 306m high tower,
Sutong yangtze with the longest main span in the would as of 2011 1088m, side span 300m 306m high tower,


total bridge length 8206m
total bridge length 8206m

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