Đề cương ôn thi TN Môn Tiếng Anh hẹ 3 năm

LESSON 1 : TENSES ( Các thì )
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)
Affir : S+V
1
/V
s, es
Ex : Water boils at 100
o
c.
Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V
1
Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry.
Inter: Do/ does+ S + V
1
…? Ex : How often do you go to school?
*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng.
 Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán.
 Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.
Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM,
RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time,
now and then . .
Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :
- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z .
- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y

i + es
( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .).
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + V

ing
Ex: We are studying English now.
S + am/ is/ are + not + V
ing
Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes.
Am/ Is/ Are + S + V
ing
? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing?
Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết.
Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW
3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)
Diễn tả:  Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg.
 Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra.
 Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai.
Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL
TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…
4. SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)
S + V
2
ed
Ex: I saw him yesterday.
S + did + not + V
1
Ex: She didn’t come last week.
Did + S + V
1
? Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago?
*(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’t
Diễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG)
Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)

5. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD
S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday.
S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading.
Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang.
Diễn tả:  Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)
 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk. (while: trong khi)
 1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V
2
ed
)
Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…
6. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V
1
Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.
S + will / shall + not + V
1
Will / Shall + S + V
1
?
*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t.
Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.
S + has/ have + V
3
ed
Ex: I’ve just opened the door.
Ex: We have studied English for many years.
S + has/ have + not + V
3
ed

Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently.
Has/ Have + S + V
3
ed
? Ex: How long have you studied English?

 Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V
1
…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V
1
…?)
Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ)
A. COMMON PREPOSITION:
I. Prep. Of Place:
1. IN: ở trong ( 1 nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …)
Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ …
in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/…
2. ON: ở trên
Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …
on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ …
3. AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ).
Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street….
at home/ school/ work…
4. FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát). Ex: Mr. Mac Donald is from Scotland.
5. TO: đến (đích) . Ex: Elizabeth went to the store.
6. BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật). Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga.
7. AMONG: ở giữa , trong số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers.
II. Prep. Of Time
1. IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…)

the summer (winter…)
April (May, August…)
the morning (afternoon, evening…)
time: kịp lúc
an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour
2. ON : holiday 3. AT: 7 o’clock
weekend night
Monday midnight
15, October noon
October 15
th
1977 (the) weekend
Monday morning Christmas
Christmas day the end of
time : đúng lúc the moment
fire : đang cháy
4. SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … Ex: He has studied English since 1900.
5. FOR (+ 1 khoảng TG) : được… Ex: _________________ for 17 years
6. FROM: từ
7. TO : đến Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992.
III. Some Other Prep. :
1. By : bằng ,bởi. Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers.
* by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ …
2. On foot: đi bộ
3. For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) . Ex: What would you like for breakfast?
Ex: Some people read for pleasure.
4. With : với , bằng. Ex: He went with her.
Ex: I can write better with my own pen.
5. About : về. Ex: What do you think about her?
6. Of : của. Ex: The window of the living room.

B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:
1. Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky,
open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.)
2. Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful

3. Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud
4. Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O)
5. Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far
6. Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with someone)
7. Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up
8. Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T
C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:
1. catch sight of : trông thấy
2. give place to : nhường chỗ cho
3. give way to : nhượng bộ ,tránh đường cho
4. keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước
5. lose sight of : mất hút, không thấy
6. lose touch with : mất liên lạc với
7. lose track of : mất dấu vết của
8. make allowance for: chiếu cố đặc biệt
9. make fun of : chế nhạo
10.make a fuss over/ about
: cuống quýt về việc gì
11. make room for : dọn chỗ cho
12. make use of : sử dụng
13. pay attention to : chú ý đến
14. put a stop to : làm dừng lại
15. put an end to : chấm dứt
16. set fire to : châm lửa, đốt
17. take account of : chú ý đến

18. take advantage of : lợi dụng
19. take care of : chăm sóc
20. take note of : chú ý đến
21. take notice of : chú ý tới
D. GO + PREPOSITION:
1. after: đuổi theo 7. down: giảm giá ≠ up: tăng giá
2. ahead: được tiến hành 8. on: tiếp tục
3. along: tiến triển 9. off: nổ
4. away: ra đi, rời khỏi nơi nào 10. out: tắt
5. back: trở về 11. over: xem xét kỹ
6. by: trôi qua( thời gian)
E. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC
1. belong to : thuộc về
2. on the contrary : ngược lại
3. on the whole : nói chung
4. be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào
5. listen to : lắng nghe
6. suffer from : bị, chịu
7. free from : giải phóng khỏi
8. write …to : viết … cho…
9. wait for : chờ
10. ask …for : hỏi xin
11. look at : nhìn
12. look after : chăm sóc
13. look up : tra từ điển
14. look out : nhìn ra ngoài
15. look for : tìm kiếm
16. laugh at : cười nhạo
LESSON 3: WORD FORM
( Từ Loại )

A. PARTS OF SPEECH:
I. Noun (n)
1) n + V : làm S cho V
2) V + n : làm O cho V
3) prep. + n : làm O cho prep.
4) be (là) + n : làm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ)
5) adj + n
Ex: People can see new film at the cinema.
S O O
He is a scientist.
C
* Notes:
- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those
- some, any, many, … + n
- my, your, Tom’s, …
II. Adjective (adj.):
1) adj + n

2) adv + adj
3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị), get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj
Ex: That young girl is very beautiful .
III. Adverb (adv):
1) S + V
i
+ adv Ex: They arrived safely.
2) S + V
t
+ O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly.

3) S + V
aux
+ adv + V
main
Ex: He can surely do it
4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right.
5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly.
6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.
( or: adv + S + V + …. ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)
IV. Verb (v) : V đứng sau S.
Các hình thức ≠ của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vị trí khác.
Participle: Present participle ( V
ing
)
Past participle ( V
3
ed
)
1) Used in Continuous tenses ( V
ing
)
2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V
3
ed
)
3) Used as Adj: V
ing
 Active meaning
V
3

ed
 Passive meaning
Ex: a/ The match excites the fans.
The match is exciting.
The fans are excited.
b/ The children have seen an interesting film.
The children are interested in the film.
B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V:
I. V + suffix  n : V + -tion, ation : conservation, preservation, prevention
-ment : development
-er : fertilizer
-ing : poisoning, dirtying
- age : drainage
-0 : safeguard
II. n + suffix  adj :
- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful
- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless
- ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily.
n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike = adj
- y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy.
- ish : foolish, selfish, childish
- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural.
LESSON 4: ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE
( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + V
3
ed
+ by O
(chia thì theo động từ của câu Active)

(A : Active P : Passive)
Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day.
P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day.
2/ A: They saw him in the shop.
P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )
ACTIVE PASSIVE

V
1
/ V
s/es

V
2
ed

Am/ is /are
Was / were
+ V
3
ed
+ V
3
ed
Am/ is /are
+ V
ing
Was / were
Am/ is /are
+ being

Was / were
Has / have
+ V
3
ed
Had
Has / have
+ been
Had
LESSON 5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
( Câu Điều Kiện)
Types and Use
(Loại và Cách dùng )
If Clause ( Mđề IF) Main Clause ( Mđề chính)
1. Future Possible
→ ĐK có thể xảy ra ở
HT&TL
V
1 /s /es
IF + S + do /does +not + V
1
*BE: am, is ,are

will
S + shall + V
1
can
may
2. Present Unreal:
→ ĐK không thể xảy

ra ở HT&TL
V
2
ed
IF + S + did not + V
1

*BE: were
would
S+ should + V
1
could
might
Ex: 1. If it is fine, we will go.
2. I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird.
3. If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?
 Sentence Transformation:
A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT
If + Neg. form = Unless + Affir. form
am /is/ are not
do /does not + V
1
If + S + did not+V
1
were not
had not+ V
3
ed

am /is/ are

V
1/s /es
= UNLESS + S + V
2
ed

were
had + V
3
ed


Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks.
= Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks.
Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính ở thể Pûđịnh , ta có thể chuyển sang
UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh.
Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful.
LESSON 6: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
( Danh Động Từ & Động Từ Nguyên Mẫu)
A. GERUND (V
ing
) : đóng vai trò V & N cùng một lúc.
Vai trò:
1. S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.)
2. O - Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.)
- Sau một số V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)
3. C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural
resources.)
Notes: The + V

ing
+ of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.)
B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE :
I. Các động từ được theo sau bằng động từ nguyên mẫu ( To+V
1
)
Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau một động từ khác thì phải ở dạng
nguyên mẫu (TO +V
1
)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran.
b) Mary asked John to help her.
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist.
d) Every body is expecting her to come.
II. Các động từ & cụm từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
:
1. acknowledge
2. admit
3. appreciate
4. avoid
5. celebrate
6. consider
7. delay =postpone
8. deny
9. detest
10. discontinue
11. discuss
12. dislike
13. endure

14. enjoy
15. escape
16. explain
17. fancy = imagine
18. feel like
19. finish
20. forgive
21. include
22. involve
23. justify
24. keep(continue)
25. mention
26. mind
27. miss
28. practise
29. prevent
30. prohibit
31. propose
32. quit
33. recall
34. report
35. resent
36. resist
37. risk
38. suggest
39. support
40. tolerate
41. understand
42. be accustomed to = be used to
43. be busy

44. be worth
45. can’t help
46. can’t stand
47. get used to = become accustomed to
48. look forward to
49. it’s no good
50. it’s no use
III. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
/ To V
1
nhưng khơng dổi nghĩa:
1. continue 5. begin
2. dread 6. hate
3. like 7. love
4. prefer 8. start
Ex: She started to learn English when she was 5 years old.
↔ She started learning English when she was 5 years old.
IV. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
/ To V
1
nhưng dổi nghĩa:
1. FORGET, REGET, To V
1
: sẽ xảy ra ( Tlai)
+
REMEMBER V
ing
: đãõ xảy ra ( Qkhứ)

Ex: a) Remember to send John a present. Today is his birthday.
b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget your name.

2. TRY + To V
1
: cố gắng làm.

V
ing
: thử làm.
Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college.
b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
3. STOP + To V
1
: dừng lại để làm việc gì khác.

V
ing
: dừng lại khơng làm việc gì (đang làm) nữa.

Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough.

4. NEED + To V
1
: cần phải làm ( ý chủ động).
V
ing
: cần phải được làm ( ý bị động).
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder.

b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting.
V. Một số trường hợp khác:

1. ADVISE O + To V
1
Ex: The police allow us to go there
ALLOW +
PERMIT
RECOMMEND V
ing
Ex: The police allow going there.
2. FEEL
HEAR + V
o
/ V
ing
( đang) Ex: We saw David jog in the park.
SEE jogging in the park.
WATCH

HELP
3. MAKE + O + V
o
Ex: Please let me go.
LET
NOTICE


4. WOULD RATHER + V
o

Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee.
HAD BETTER ( not ) You’d better not go out.

LESSON 7 : CLAUSES & PHRASES
OF CAUSES & EFFECTS
(Mệnh Đề Và Cụm Từ Chỉ Nguyên Nhân Và Kết Quả)
1.
Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
2.
Ex: It is such hot tea that I can’t drink.
He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test.

3.
S + be / V
ord
+ TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V
1
(+ O)*
( quá nên không thể…)
* Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung.
* Bỏ O của ‘to V’ khi O này = S
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
4/
be +adj
S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V
1
( + O )
V

ord
+ adv
(đủ… để…)
Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.
 Sentence Transformation:
a/
S(n) + be + SO + adj + THAT…
It /This /That
↔ + be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + n + THAT…
He/ She/ They
Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
↔ It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it.
b/
S + V
ord
+ SO + adv + THAT …
↔ S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj + n + THAT…
Ex: He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
↔ He was such a bad driver that __________________________.
c/
S + V + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O )*
S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V
1
(+ O)*
* Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung.
* Bỏ O của ‘To V’ khi O này = S
Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink.
↔ The tea is too hot for me to drink.
S + be / V

ord
+ SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V

( quá… đến nổi…)
S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + THAT + S + V…

( quá… đến nổi…)
b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test.
↔ He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
d/
…TOO + adj / adv …
≠
↔ … NOT + adj /adv +
ENOUGH…
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
↔ The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
LESSON 8 : RELATIVE CLAUSES
( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ)
Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:
Functions
Antecedents
Subject Object Poss. Adv
Things Which Which Whose + n
(of which)
People Who Whom Whose + n
Place Where
Time When
Reason Why
Notes: *Where = prep + n
place

*When = prep + n
time
*Why = for + the reason
*‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới
hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep).
*Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính
khi tiền danh từ là:
- Danh từ riêng
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…)
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.
Relative Clauses:
Rel. Cl.
Ant.
Relative clause
Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts
Things + which / that + V ( + O)
+ S + V
People + who / that
+ whom /that
+ V( + O)
+ S + V
People/ things + whose
V ( + O)
+ n +
S + V
Place
Time
Reason

+ where
+ when
+ why
+ S + V (+ O)
Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door.
↔ Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door?
b/ She showed me the radio. She had bought it
↔ She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought.
c/ I don’t like the people. People lose their temper easily.
↔ I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily.
d/ The man works here. I saw him yesterday.
↔ The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here.
e/ The house is very large. Its door is green.
↔ The house whose door is green is very large.
f/ Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle.
↔ Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping?
g/ Vietnam is beautiful. We live in vietnam.
↔Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful.
LESSON 9 : CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Mục Đích)
SO THAT can/could
S + V + _______________ + S + will/ would + V
1
IN ORDER THAT shall/ should
…để mà… may/ might
Ex: a) We study hard. We want to pass the exam.
↔ We study hard so that we can pass the exam.
b) I helped Nam. I wanted him to finish the work on time.
↔ I helped Nam in order that he could finish the work on time.
Notes: Phrase of Purpose
to

S + V + in order to + V
1
so as to
in order for + O +TO
… đeÅ…
Ex: We study hard to pass the exam.
↔ I helped Nam in order for him to finish the work on time.
LESSON 10 : COMPARISONS
( So Sánh)
Types Models
1/ Equal Degree
(So sánh bằng)
AS + adj / adv + AS
(bằng, như)
NOT AS/SO + adj. / adv + AS
(không bằng, không như)
2/Comparitive Degree
(So sánh hơn)
adj. / adv
(ngắn)
+ ER + THAN
MORE + adj. / adv
(dài)
+ THAN
3/ Superlative Degree
(So sánh nhất)
THE + adj. / adv
(ngắn)
+ EST
THE MOST + adj. / adv

(dài)
Examples:
1/ a) You are as tall as I am. (=me)
b) John doesn’t work as/so effectively as Tom (does)
2/ a) The letter will probably arrive sooner than you expect.
b) Mr. Smith can drive more carefully than his wife (can).
3/ a) She works (the) hardest of anyone in the class.
b) That’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.
Notes:
1/ Short Adj. / Adv (ngắn):
- 1 vần
Ex: tall, soon. Small…
- 2 vần tận cùng = -y,-er, -le,-ow, -et,
Ex: happy, clever, simple,… early.
2/ Long Adj. /Adv (dài):
- 2 vần trở lên, trừ các trường hợp trên
Ex: modern, carefully, comfortable…
- 2 vần tận cùng = -ly
Ex: quickly, loudly…
3/ So Sánh Nhất : Dùng cho 3 đối tượng trở lên.
4/ Khi thêm “-er ; -est”
large larger largest
big bigger biggest
dry drier driest
5/ So Sánh Bất Qui Tắc:
good / well better best
bad / badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest

 Sentence Transformation:
1/
adj. / adv + ER
A + V + _______________ + THAN + B
MORE + adj. /adv
↔ B + V not + SO / AS + adj. /adv … AS + A

adj. / adv(phản nghĩa) + ER
↔ B + V + ___________________________ + THAN + A
MORE + adj. /adv(phản nghĩa)
Ex: Betty is younger than Susan.
↔ Susan is not so young as Betty.
( ↔Susan is older than Betty.)
2/
adj. + ER
A + be + a(an) + ___________ + n + THAN + B
MORE + adj.
↔ B + V not + SO /AS + adv + AS + A
Ex: He is a more careful driver than I am.
↔I don’t drive so carefully as he does.
(=as him)
3/
S + has/have + never/not + V
3
+ such + a(an) + adj. + n (before)
adj. + est
↔This is the + ___________ + n + (that) + S + has/have + (ever) V
3
most + adj.
Ex: He has never watched such an exciting match before.

↔ This is the most exciting match he’s ever watched.
4/
adj. + er
No one / Nobody + place + be + _________ + than + A
more + adj.
adj. + est
↔ A + be + the + __________ + place
most + adj
Ex: No one in the village is stronger than Tom.
↔ Tom is the strongest in the village.

LESSON 11 : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
( Biến đổi câu)
1/
1 khoảng TG + ago.
S + started /began + V
ing
/ to V
1
… +
(prep.+) mốc TG

V
3
for + khoảng TG
↔ S + has / have + +
been +V
ing
since + mốc TG
Ex: We started studying English half an hour ago.

↔ We’ve been studying English for half an hour.
2a/
1 khoảng TG + ago.
The last time + S + V
2
+ … was +
(prep.+) mốc TG


for + khoảng TG
↔ S + has / have not + V
3
…

+
since + mốc TG
Ex: The last time she had a swim was five years ago.
↔ She has not had a swim for five years.
2b/
S + last + V
2
+ … when S + V
2

↔ S + has / have not + V
3
… + since + S + V
2
Ex: I last went to the football match when I was a student.
↔ I haven’t gone to the football match since I was a student.

3/
S + has / have not + V
3
…

+ for + 01 khoảng TG
↔ It + is + 1 khoảng TG + since + S + V
2
Ex: She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
↔ It is five years since she had a swim.
4/
S + has /have + never/not + V
3
… (+before)
↔ This / it is the first time + (that) + S + has /have + ever + V
3
…
Ex: I’ve never visited Paris before.
↔ This is the first time (that) I’ve (ever) visited Paris.
5/
S + V
2
… and then (S) + V
2
↔ After + S + had + V
3
… , S + V
2
…
Ex: I had breakfast and then went to school.

↔ After I had had breakfast, I went to school.
6/ The formal subject “IT”:
V
ing
/ To V
1
… + be + adj. /n (+for O)
↔ IT + be + adj. / n (+for O) + To V
1
…
Ex: Knowing English is useful.
↔ It is useful to know English.
7/ The formal object “IT”:
V
ing
/ To V
1
… + be + adj. /n
↔ S + V* + IT + adj. / n + to V
1
…
V* : find, make, think. consider, believe, feel,…
Ex: Living in the city is exciting.
↔ Some people find it exciting to live in the city.
8/
be accustomed to = be used to
+ V
ing
become accustomed to = get used to
Ex: We often go to school by bus.

We are used to going to school by bus.
9/ used to + V
1
Ex: My grandfather often played tennis when he was young.
↔ My grandfather used to play tennis when he was young.
10/
S + spend(s) / spent + time + V
ing
↔ It + takes / took (+ O) + time + To V
1
Ex: We spent five hours getting to London.
It took us five hours to get to London.
11/
can
S + ____ not + V
1
… because of + n
could
prevent(s) / stop(s)
↔ S + _________________ + O + from + V
ing

prevented / stopped
Ex: We can’t drive because of fog.
↔The fog prevents us from driving.
12/ Inversion: Đảo ngữ
Adv* + V + S …
Adv*: No longer, Never, Rarely, Seldom, Only, No sooner, Hardly ….
Ex: She no longer gets up early.
↔ No longer does she get up early.

13/ Who + do /does + S + belong to?
↔ Who own(s) …….?
↔ Whose + V + S … ?
↔ Whose + n + V + S …. ?
Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to?
↔ Who owns this bicycle?
↔ Whose is this bicycle?
↔ Whose bicycle is this?
14/ Causative Form:
O (Người) +V
1
( Chủ động)
S + have / get +
O (vật) + V
3
(bị động)
nhờ ai đó làm việc gì
Ex

: a) Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow.
↔ I am going to have Tom repair my T.V tomorrow.
↔ I am going to have my T.V repaired by Tom tomorrow.
b) He’s getting someone to mend the window.
↔ He’s having the window mended.
15/ Because + S + V
↔ Because of + n / V
ing
Example:
a) Because she walked in the sun, she was sick.
↔ Because of walking in the sun, she was sick.

b) Because the weather was bad,the train was delayed for twenty minutes.
↔ Because of the bad weather, the train was delayed for twenty minutes.

b) Because the + n + be + adj

↔ Because of the + adj + n
c) Because he is ill, he can’t go there.
↔ Because of his illness, he can’t go there.
c) Because S + be + adj

↔ Because of poss. adj + n
d) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.
↔ Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her.
d) Because S + V*
ord.
+ adv

↔ Because of Poss. Adj + adj + n
V* : develop, invent, liberate, discover, behave, rain…
(n) : development, invention, liberation, discovery, behavior, rain, …
e) Because there was the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism.
↔ Because of the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism.

e) Because + there + be + n…
↔ Because of + n…
16/ Although / Though + S + V
↔ In spite of / Despite + n /V
ing
….
Ex: Although he is rich, he is extremely mean.

↔ In spite of his richness, he is extremely mean.
17. Styles:
Using N Using V
1) There + be a determination
2) There + be a tendency
3) show a desire
4) give thought to
5) have knowledge of
↔ S + be determined
↔ S + tend
↔ desire
↔ think about/of
↔ know about
Ex: There is a determination to overcome problems.
↔ Children are determined to overcome problems.
LESSON 12 : SUBJECT AND VERB CONCORD
(Sự Hòa Hợp Giữa Chủ Từ Và Động Từ)
*Special Cases:
1/
prep
n / pron + __________ + n / pron + V
as well as
Ex: The teacher with his students is in the classroom.
2/ N / Pron + or / nor + N / Pron + V
Ex: Either he or you are the translator.
3/
Each
______ (of) + n / pron + V
sing

Every
Ex: Each of us has books and pens.
4/
Everybody Somebody Anybody
= Everyone = Anyone = no one + V
sing


Everything Something Anything
Ex: Everyone knows him.
5. None of + N/pron + V Ex : None of the students have good mark.
None of the student has good mark.
6. A number of + N + V
plural
Ex : A number of students are absent from class today.
The number of + N + V
singular
This year, the number of accidents has risen.
7. S
(thời gian, tiền, khoảng cách, trọng lượng)
+ V
singular
Ex : Twenty dollars is too much for that shirt.
8. S(V
ing
/To V) + V
singular
Ex : Smoking is bad for health.
To live is to struggle ( Sống là tranh đấu )
9. There + Be + N Ex : There is some sugar in the jar.

There are some books on the self.
10. Phần trăm/phân số + of + N
không đếm được
+ V
singular

Ex : Sixty percent of waste paper is recycled.
Phần trăm/phân số + of + N
plural
+ V
plural
Ex : Half of the students in this school come from the country.
LESSON 13 : EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
(Những Cụm Từ Chỉ Số Lượng)
I. Expressions of quantity:
1) with plural, countable nouns:

MOST
A LARGE NUMBER OF
MANY books are useful.
A LOT OF / LOTS OF
SOME
(A) FEW
2) With uncountable nouns:
MOST
A GREAT DEAL OF
MUCH sugar is sold.
A LOT OF / LOTS OF
SOME
(A) LITTLE

3) With verbs:
A GREAT DEAL OF
They know MUCH about English literature.
A LOT
(A) LITTLE
* Notes:
1. most them / us / ….
many + OF + the / this / that /these / those
(a) few my / your /…. /Tom’s/ ….
(a) little
2. Many / Much thường dùng :
- in neg. & inter. Form Ex: He can’t drink much.
- after TOO, SO, AS ,VERY Ex: There are too many night club here.
3. A little, a few ⇒ some : positive Ex : Would you like a little tea?
Little , few ⇒ o : negative Ex : He’s a man of few words.
II. HOW MUCH, HOW MANY Questions :
1) How many + pl. Count. Noun + inter. form? Ex: how many students are there in your class?
2) How much + uncount. noun + inter. form? Ex: how much time does jane spend studying?
3) How much + inter. form? Ex: how much did he drink last night?
Notes: how many / how much + S + affir. form?
Ex: How many English tourists have visited TV?
Irregular verbs
1. be:am/is/are Was/were, Been Là,thì,ở,bị,được
2. beat Beat Beaten Đánh
3. become Became Become Trở nên
4. begin Began Begun Bắt đầu
5. bind Bound Bound Trói,buộc,bám
6. bite Bit Bitten Cắn
7. blow Blew Blown Thổi
8. break Broke Broken Làm gãy,làm vỡ

9. bring Brought Brought Mang lại
10. build Built Built Xây dựng
11. buy Bought Bought Mua
12. catch Caught Caught Bắt
13. choose Chose Chosen Chọn lựa
14. come Came Come Đến
15. cost Cost Cost Trị giá
16. cut Cut Cut Chặt, cắt
17. do Did Done Làm
18. draw Drew Drawn Vẽ
19. drink Drank Drunk Uống
20. drive Drove Driven Lái xe
21. eat Ate Eaten Ăn
22. fall Fell Fallen Rơi,té
23. feed Fed Fed Cho ăn
24. feel Felt Felt Cảm thấy
25. fight Fought Fought Chiến đấu
26. find Found Found Tìm thấy
27. fly Flew Flown Bay
28. forbid Forbad(e) Forbidden Cấm
29. forget Forgot Forgetten Quên
30. freeze Froze Frozen Đông lạnh
31. get Got Got/gotten Bị,được,trở nên
32. give Gave Given Cho
33. go Went Gone Đi
34. grow Grew Grown Trồng,mọc,phát triển
35. hang Hung Hung Treo,mắc
36. have Had Had Có
37. hear Heard Heard Nghe
38. hide Hid Hidden Che giấu,ẩn nấp

39. hit Hit Hit Đụng,đánh
40. hold Held Held Cầm,nắm,giữ
41. hurt Hurt Hurt Làm đau
42. keep Kept Kept Giữ
43. know Knew Known Biết
44. lay Laid Laid Đặt,để
45. lead Led Led Dẫn,dắt
46. leave Left Left Rời khỏi,để lại
47. lend Lent Lent Cho mượn
48. let Let Let Để cho
49. lie Lay Lain Nằm
50. lose Lost Lost Mất,thua,lỗ
51. make Made Made Làm,chế tạo
52. meet Met Met Gặp
53. overcome Overcame Overcome Khắc phục,vượt qua
54. pay Paid Paid Trả tiền
55. put Put Put Đặt,để
56. read Read Read Đọc
57. ride Rode Ridden Cửi(ngựa,xe đạp)
58. ring Rang Rung Rung(chuông)
59. rise Rose Risen Mọc
60. run Ran Run Chạy
61. say Said Said Nói
62. see Saw Seen Thấy
63. seek Sought Sought Tìm đến
64. sell Sold Sold Bán
65. send Sent Sent Gửi
66. shake Shook Shaken Rung,lắc
67. shine Shone Shone Chiếu sáng
68. shoot Shot Shot Bắn

69. show Showed Shown Chỉ,cho xem
70. sing Sang Sung Hát
71. sleep Slept Slept Ngủ
72. speak Spoke Spoken Nói
73. sit Sat Sat Ngồi
74. spend Spent Spent Trãi qua,tiêu xài
75. stand Stood Stood Đứng
76. steal Stole Stolen Ăn cắp
77. strike Struke Struke Đánh
78. swim Swam Swum Bơi
79. swing Swung Swung Đung đưa,lúc lắc
80. take Took Taken Lấy,đưa,dẫn
81. teach Taught Taught Dạy
82. tear Tore Torn Xé
83. tell Told Told Kể,bảo
84. think Thought Thought Suy nghĩ
85. throw Threw Thrown Ném,liệng
86. understand Understood Understood Hiểu
87. wake Woke Woken Thức giấc
88. wear Wore Worn Mặc,mang,đội
75cấu trúc và cụm từ thông dụng trong
Tiếng Anh phổ thông

1. S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something (quá để cho ai làm gì ), e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you
to remember. E.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow.
2. S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quá đến nỗi mà ), e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it. E.g2: He speaks
so soft that we can’t hear anything.
3. It + V + such + (a/an) + N
(s)
+ that + S +V (quá đến nỗi mà ), e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it. E.g.2: It

is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
4. S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (Đủ cho ai đó làm gì ), e.g.1: She is old enough to get
married. E.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
5. Have/ get + something + done (V
pII
) (nhờ ai hoặc thuê ai làm gì ), e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday. E.g.2: I’d like to have
my shoes repaired.
6. It + be + time + S + V
(-ed, cột 2)
/ It’s +time +for someone +to do something (đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ), e.g.1: It is time
you had a shower. E.g.2: It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question.
7. It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something (làm gì mất bao nhiêu thời gian ), e.g.1: It takes me 5
minutes to get to school. E.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
8. To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngăn cản ai/cái gì không làm gì ), e.g.1:
9. S + find+ it+ adj to do something (thấy để làm gì ), e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English. E.g.2: They
found it easy to overcome that problem.
10. To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing. (Thích cái gì/làm gì hơn cái gì/ làm gì), e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat. E.g.2: I prefer
reading books to watching TV.
11. Would rather + V
(infinitive)
+ than + V
(infinitive)
(thích làm gì hơn làm gì), e.g.1: She would play games than read books. E.g.2:
I’d rather learn English than learn Biology.
12. To be/get Used to + V-ing (quen làm gì), e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks.
13. Used to + V
(infinitive)
(Thường làm gì trong qk và bây giờ không làm nữa), e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I
was young. E.g.2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day.
14. to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing: ngạc nhiên về

15. to be angry at + N/V-ing: tức giận về
16. to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing: giỏi về / kém về
17. by chance = by accident (adv): tình cờ
18. to be/get tired of + N/V-ing: mệt mỏi về
19. can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: không nhịn được làm gì
20. to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing : thích làm gì đó
21. to be interested in + N/V-ing: quan tâm đến
22. to waste + time/ money + V-ing: tốn tiền hoặc tg làm gì
23. To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dành bao nhiêu thời gian làm gì
24. To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dành thời gian vào việc gì , e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a
day. E.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes.
25. to give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ cái gì
26. would like/ want/wish + to do something: thích làm gì
27. have + (something) to + Verb: có cái gì đó để làm
28. It + be + something/ someone + that/ who: chính mà
29. Had better + V
(infinitive)
: nên làm gì
30. hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/
fancy + V-ing, e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday.
31. It’s + adj + to + V-infinitive: quá gì để làm gì
32. Take place = happen = occur: xảy ra
33. to be excited about: thích thú
34. to be bored with/ fed up with: chán cái gì/làm gì
35. There is + N-số ít, there are + N-số nhiều: có cái gì
36. feel like + V-ing: cảm thấy thích làm gì
37. expect someone to do something: mong đợi ai làm gì
38. advise someone to do something: khuyên ai làm gì
39. go + V-ing: chỉ các trỏ tiêu khiển (go camping )
40. leave someone alone: để ai yên

41. By + V-ing: bằng cách làm
42. want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/
intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitive, e.g.1: I decide to study English.
43. for a long time = for years = for ages: đã nhiều năm rồi (dùng trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
44. when + S + V(QkĐ), S + was/were + V-ing.
45. When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
46. Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii
47. After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd)
48. to be crowded with: rất đông cài gì đó
49. to be full of: đầy cài gì đó
50. To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj (đây là các động từ tri giác có nghĩa là: có vẻ như/
là/ dường như/ trở nên sau chúng nếu có adj và adv thì chúng ta phải chọn adj)
51. except for/ apart from: ngoài, trừ
52. as soon as: ngay sau khi
53. to be afraid of: sợ cái gì
54. could hardly: hầu như không ( chú ý: hard khác hardly)
55. Have difficulty + V-ing: gặp khó khăn làm gì
56. Chú ý phân biệt 2 loại tính từ V-ed và V-ing: dùng -ed để miêu tả về người, -ing cho vật. và khi muốn nói về bản chất của
cả người và vật ta dùng –ing, e.g.1: That film is boring. E.g.2: He is bored. E.g.3: He is an interesting man. E.g.4: That book
is an interesting one. (khi đó không nên nhầm với –ed, chẳng hạn ta nói : a loved man có nghĩa “người đàn ông được mến
mộ”, tức là có nghĩa “Bị” và “Được” ở đó)
57. in which = where; on/at which = when
58. Put + up + with + V-ing: chịu đựng
59. Make use of + N/ V-ing: tận dụng cái gì đó
60. Get + adj/ Pii
61. Make progress: tiến bộ
62. take over + N: đảm nhiệm cái gì
63. Bring about: mang lại
64. Chú ý: so + adj còn such + N
65. At the end of và In the end (cuối cái gì đó và kết cục)

66. To find out : tìm ra, To succeed in: thành công trong
67. Go for a walk: đi dạo/ go on holiday/picnic: đi nghỉ
68. One of + so sánh hơn nhất + N: một trong những
69. It is the first/ second /best + Time + thì hiện tại hoàn thành
70. Live in: sống ở/ Live at + địa chỉ cụ thể/ Live on: sống nhờ vào
71. To be fined for: bị phạt về
72. from behind: từ phía sau
73. so that + mệnh đề: để
74. In case + mệnh đề: trong trường hợp
75. can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to (modal Verbs) + V-infinitive
Gerunds and Infinitives
V + V-ing V + to V V + O + V V + O + to V
Appreciate
admit
Avoid
Can’t help
Can’t stand
Can’t bear
Consider
Deny
Dislike
Enjoy
Afford: cè g¾ng
Appear: cã vÎ
Arrange: s¾p xÕp
Decide: quyÕt ®Þnh
Fail: thÊt b¹i
Forget: quªn
Happen: bÊt ngê
Intend: ®Þnh

Learn: biÕt
Manage: cè g¾ng
Make
Let
Have
Hope
Catch
See
Watch
Feel
Find
Hear
Advise: khuyªn
Allow: cho phÐp
Encourage: khuyÕn khÝch
Force: b¾t buéc
Invite: mêi
Order: ra lÖnh
Persuade: thuyÕt phôc
Remind: nh¾c nhë
Teach: d¹y
Tell: b¶o
Feel like
Finish
Give up
Imagine
Keep (on)
Look forward to
Mention
Object to

Practise
Put off
Risk
Suggest
Be/get used to
Be worth
Mean: muốn
Offer: muốn
Plan: dự định
Prepare: chuẩn bị
Promise: hứa
Refuse: từ chối
Seem: dờng nh
Threaten: đe doạ
Hope: hy vọng
Expect: mong
Hesitate: ngần ngại
Agree: đồng ý
Want: muốn
Attempt: cố gắng
Wish: muốn
Tend: định
Overhear
Observe
Warn: cảnh báo
Show: chỉ bảo
Command: yêu cầu
Ask: yêu cầu
Urge: bắt buộc