Tư tưởng và phương pháp chính trị Hồ Chí Minh

TU'TU'6'NGHd
CHi MINH
TU
TUQNG
VA
PHUQNG
PHAP
CHINH TRI
HO
CHI MINH
GS,
TS HOANG CHI BAO
T
rong he thdng tu mdng Hd
Chi Minh, tu mdng vd
ehinh tri la ndi bat va ndi trdi
nhit. Didu nay
phii
hop vdi su
nghidp
eiia
Ngudi la
sir
nghidp
dau tranh chinh tii, gidi phdng
ddn
tpc
diphdt
triin ddn
tpc
theo

ly mdng, muc
tidu
ddc lap dan tdc
va CNXH, ddc lap dan tdc gan
Udn vdi CNXH. Vdi dan tdc Viet
Nam, Hd Chi Minh la Anh himg
giai phdng dan tdc, Ngudi da dua
dan
tdc
ta
tir
than phan nd
Id
tdi
tu-
do va lam chu. Tuyin ngdn Ddc
lap do Ngudi soan thao va tuydn dgc ngay 2-9-
1945
la van kidn chinh tri danh diu budc ngoat
trgng dai eua Uch sir Viet Nam giira thd ky XX,
do la ban eao ehung chd do thuc dan, la Tuydn
ngdn khai sinh che do mdi - dan chu edng boa d
Viet Nam, thanh qua
vl
dai cua Cach mang
Thang
Tam
nam
1945.
Vdi phong trao each mang giai phdng dan

tde cua cac dan tdc
thudc
dia va phu thudc, bi
ap buc bde lot bdi chu nghia dd qudc va
chii
nghia thuc dan, Hd Chi Minh la mgt nggn ed
Hdi ddng Ly luan Tmng uong
Chii
tich Ho Chi Minh
ky
Sk
lenh cong bo Hien phap xa hgi
chi
nghia dau tien
b Viet Nam (1-1-1960)
tidu bidu, ngudi chien
si
tidn phong cd vii cho
khat vgng giai phdng cua nhan dan lao ddng
ti'ong su nghidp dau tranh vi ddc lap tii do.
Trong 6 thap ky boat ddng each mang va
diu ti'anh chmh tri, Hd Chi Mmh da 30 nam
boat ddng d nudc ngoai, di qua 40 nudc khac
nhau trdn thd gidi, lam du mgi nghd dd sdng
va tranh dau, tidp
xiic true
tiep vdi mgi ddi
tugng khac nhau,
tir
ngudi lao dgng ngheo

khd ddn cac hgc gia va chinh khach, trai qua
bao nhidu tinh hudng hidm ngheo, Hd Chi
Mmh da thau thai mdt lugng tri thuc phong
phii,
khdng chi trong sach vd bing
each
tu
58
TAP CHi L|CH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
TU'TU'ONGHb
CHi MINH
hgc
ma cdn trong tmdng hge
vl
dai la cupc
sdng,
de tu trdi nghiim, tdng kit va
due
ket
nhirng chan ly khoa hgc va each mang, nhirng
bai hgc lich sir.
Do vay, nhiing
m
mdng eua Ngudi, dae
biet la tu tudng
chinh
tri khdng ehi thd hidn su
sau sac eua mdt tri md khoa hgc,

eiia
ta duy ly
luan ma edn la
sir
nhay ben thue tidn,
tir
rat
sdm da tham nhuan quan didm thue tidn, quan
diem phat tridn va quan diem ddi mdi. Ngudi
da
timg
khao nghidm nhidu ly thuydt, hgc
thuyet va chu nghia dd rdi
lira
ehgn chu nghia
Mac-Lenin, lua ehgn eon dudng
each
mang
vd san, theo dudi ddn cimg ly mdng xa bdi
chu nghia va edng san chu nghia. Le
dl
nhidn,
nha tu mdng macxit Hd Chi Minh la mdt nha
tu tudng macxit sang tao, khdng biit phdi vd
gido diiu. Hd Chi Minh khi da dat tdi su
thanh thue vd tu tudng,
sir
trai nghiem phong
phu ve vdn sdng va kinh nghidm, da dung ly
ludn

nhu mdt phuong phdp, dae bidt chu trgng
tdi phuong phap trong boat ddng nghien cuu
ly luan va trong thue tidn ehinh tri.
Vdi Hd Chi Minh,
ehii
nghia Mae - Lenin la
kim chi nam hanh ddng, nam viing chu nghia
Mae - Lenin la nam vung tinh thdn
wk
phuong
phdp
eua chu ngbia Mac - Ldnin dd
iing xir
vdi
con ngudi va cdng vide. Ngudi nhan thue rd,
thdng nhit giiia ly luan vdi thue
tidn
la
ban chat,
la nguyen
tic tdi cao cua chu nghia Mac-Ldnin.
Theo Hd Chi Minh, thue hanh sinh ra hidu
biet, hidu bidt tidn len ly luan, ly luan lanh dao
tiiuc hanh.
Suot ddi mmh, Hd Chi Minh nhit quan vdi
mdt nguyen tie, mdt phuong cham va Ngudi
la mdt kidu mau tiiuc hanh nguydn
tac.
phuong cham ay trong cude sdng: ndi it, lam
nhidu, ldi ndi di ddi vdi vide lam, da ndi thi

phai lam. Lam dieu lgi eho dan, tranh didu hai
tdi dan. Dan la gdc
ciia
nudc, dan la chu va
lam
ebii
xa hdi. Bao nhieu lgi ieh ddu la eua
dan. Bao nhieu quydn hanb eiing thudc vd
dan. Quyen banh va
lire
lugng ddu d noi dan.
Cai gi tdt, cai gi lgi cho dan cai dd la chan ly.
Phai chang la, kien giai eua Hd Chi Minh vd
chan ly da cd
sir
md rdng tir nhan thirc luan
khoa hge vd ban the sang binh dien dao
dire
ve
cai ban the ay, d day la mgt ban the xa
hdi,
mdt
ebii
the Uch
sir
- ay la ddn, nhdn ddn, qudn
ehung,
ddng bdo
tu dan
tde

tdi nhan loai.
Ngudi cdn can dan can bd, dang vien bet
long hdt sue phue vu nhan dan la phuc tiing
mpt
chdn
ly cao nhdt lam day td trung thanh
va cdng bde tan
my
eua dan la mpt le song
cao thugng nhdt
Cd the
ndi,
day la triit
ly chinh tri
ciia.
Hd
Chi
Minh, mdt
triit ly nhdn
sinh,
triit ly hdnh
dpng.
Hd Chi Minh cd
ebii
kien va
ebii
dieh eua
minh ve su guong mau, tam guong tdt edn
quy hon bang tram bai didn van. Lanh dao
bang

sir
guong mau la each lanh dao tdt nhat,
nd ed vu quan chimg va giii dugc mdt niem
tm noi quan ehiing. Dang vidn di tmdc, lang
nudc theo sau la vi vay. Ngudi edn nhan
manh
diie
hy sinh. Tra ldi phdng van eua cae
nha bao nude ngoai, Ngudi da ndi rd: tdi
hidn ddi tdi eho nhan dan, eho dan tde va
nhan loai.
Ngudi giai thich rd, ddc lap cho Td qudc
tdi,
til do, hanh phue eho dan tde va eho ddng
bao tdi - do la tit ea nhiing gi tdi
mudn,
do la
tit ca nhung gi tdi hiiu ve CNXH.
TAP CHl LICH
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DANG - S6 5/2010
59
TU'TU'ONGHOCHIMINH
Ngudi da timg danh gia eao tinh thidt thuc,
hiiu
ieh, hiru dung cua dudng ldi chinh tri Tdn
Trung Son trong chu nghia Tam dan cua dng:
Dan tdc ddc lap, dan quydn tu do va dan sinh
hanh phiic. Ngudi coi chu nghia ay rat thidt
thuc cho Viet Nam.

Tu mdng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh nhin tir
chiiu cgnh vdn hod la ea mdt he gid tri: Ddc
lap - Tu do - Hanh phiic. Con dudng di tdi he
gia tri ay, dam bao day du va chac chan nhat
eho he gia tri ay trd thanh hidn thue, dd la eon
dudng di tdi CNXH va
chii
nghia cdng san.
Trgng trach va su menh lich sir dd thue
hidn he gia tri ay nhu mdt he gia tri cua
phat tridn bdn virng d Viet Nam trong thdi
dai ngay nay thudc vd Dang Cdng sin -
mdt dang chan chinh each mang, mdt dang
tidu bidu cho dao due va van minh. Dang
ay, tir he
m
mdng ddn td chuc va boat
ddng, tir tri tue va ban
linh
cua tap thd lanh
dao va timg ca nhan nhirng ngudi lanh dao
eho ddn nhiing dang vidn cua Dang, nhdt
Id
khi Ddng da cdm quyin phai td rd hai didu
cdt ydu: giir chu nghia eho viing va it ldng
tham mudn vd vat chat. Cd nhu vay mdi du
sang sudt dd dan dudng, mdi du nghi luc dd
vugt qua mgi khd khan, thir thach, mdi du
niem tin va due hy sinh, dd tin vao sue
manh cua dan va dan chu, hy sinh lgi ich ca

nhan vi lgi ich
ehung
cua nhan dan va dan
tgc,
mdi du trung thue va diing khi de tu
phe phan va quydt tam sira chiia nhiing
khuydt didm sai lam.
Hd Chi Minh ndi vd Dang, vira chi rd ydu
cau, ddi hdi vira canh bao nghiem khac rang,
mgt Dang ma giau gidm khuydt didm cua
mmh la mdt Dang hdng. Mdt Dang cd gan
thira nhan khuyet didm
ciia
minh, vach rd
nhung cai dd, vi dau ma cd khuydt diem do,
xet rd hoan canh smh ra khuyet diem dd, rdi
tim mgi each dd sira chiia khuydt diem dd.
Nhu thd la mdt Dang tidn bd, manh dan, chac
chin, chan chinh. Trong nhiing tac pham
cudi ddi, dac bidt la trong Di chuc, Hd Chi
Minh van dac bidt quan tam van de dao
due
each mang, kidn quydt chdng chu nghia ca
nhan nhung khdng hd ddng nhat chu nghia ca
nhan vdi ca nhan, van rat muc quan tam tdi
lgi ich, nhu cau chinh dang cua timg ngudi,
mdi ca nhan la mdt chu thd mang nhan each,
phai quan tam phat tridn, phai tdn trgng nhan
each va ca tinh cua timg ngudi. Phd binh
edng vide chu khdng xue pham eon ngudi.

Phai lam eho cai tdt nay nd nhu hoa mua
xuan, cai xau mat dan di rdi tidn tdi chd mat
ban. Dd la chat nhan van sau sac trong tu
tudng Hd Chi Mmh. Chinh tri Ho Chi Minh,
til tu tudng ddn phuong phap, tu ly luan den
thuc tidn ddu tham nhuan chat nhan van ay.
Ngudi theo dudi mdt dudng ldi chinh tii giai
phdng de phat tridn, ma
ehung
quy lai la
gidi
phdng ddn tpc di phdt triin ddn tpc, xdy
dung nin chinh tn vda thiit chi vd thi che
dan chu, hoan thidn quydn lam chu cua nhan
dan, gan lien vdi luat phap vdi dao
diic,
ket
hgp phap tri vdi due tri.
Dii
khdng mgt lan nao Ngudi de cap tdi
khai niem he thdng chinh tri nhu chinh tri hgc
ngay nay van thudng dimg nhung nhimg thuc
thd cau thanh he thdng chinh tri thi Ngudi ban
tdi mdt each can ke, tiiau dao. Dd la Dang
cam quydn, Nha nude dan chu phap quyen,
60
TAP CHl LjCH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
TU'TU'&NGHOCHiMINH.

Mat
tran va eae doan thd, dac bidt la nhidm vu
cua Dang va Chmh phu, eua can bd, dang
vien, cdng chuc. Cai cdt ldi cua ehinh tri, cua
che do va thd chd chinh tri la quydn
lire
nha
nude do nhan dan uy quydn. Chd do dan chu
thuc chat la chd do uy quydn eua dan va Nha
nude. Nha nude thue thi
sir
uy quydn do dd
bao dam quyen dan chu va lam
ehii
eua ngudi
dan, dat dudi su kidm tra, giam sat eua dan.
Dua va
dan
dd
xay dung
Dang,
xay dung Nha
nudc va
tiiuc
hanh dan chu rdng rai, nhat la dan
chii
ti'ong
Dang la mdt tu mdng ndi bat, nhat
quan
ti'ong

tu tudng
cbinh tri
Hd Chi Minh.
6
Hd Chi Minh cd mdt
sir
thdng nhat hiru
ca giiia tu mdng vdi phuang phap va dinh
hinh phong each cua Ngudi. Ngudi didn dat
phuong phap mdt each gian di, dd la each
lam,
each
td chiic thuc hidn, la bidn phap. Tat
ca deu nham muu cau lgi ich va thue hidn
quyen
lire
eua nhan dan. Do do, khoa hge,
cdch
mgng,
nhdn vdn la
bdn
chdt
cua
tu tudng
chinh triHd
Chi
Minh.
Dd la nhiing phae hga khai quat vd
m
tiidng va phuong phap ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh,

nhan manh d may didm:
Thu
nhdt,
tu tudng ehinh tri la phan ndi bat
va
ndi
ti'di
trong he thdng
m
mdng cua Ngudi,
thudc ve ddng
m
mdng chinh tri macxit d Viet
Nam thd ky
XX.
Thic
hai,
a Hd Chi Mmh, trong boat ddng
chinh tri eiing nhu trong mgi
Unh
vuc khac, cd
mgt su thdng nhat hiru eo giiia tu mdng vdi
phuong phap va phong each.
Thic
ba,
ban chat
m
mdng Hd Chi Mmh va
hr mdng ehinh tri eua Ngudi la khoa hgc -
each mang va nhan van.

Tir dd, can di sau nhan biet nhiing ndi dung
chu ydu trong m mdng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh
nhu mdt he thdng, nhu mdt cbinh tiid. Tu
tudng chinh tii cua Ngudi la mdt be thong ly
thuyet va phuang phap ve ehinh tri, ed ciu
tnic cua nd; trong cau tnic nay ta ed thd nhan
thay nhung mdi lien he va quan be rit chat
che xet ve mat Idgie va lich sir. Tuy nhidn,
quan niem nay ehi ed tinh mong ddi, bdi
m
mdng ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh nhu da ndi tu
dau, ehi la mdt bd phan hgp thanh eua he
thdng
m
mdng Hd Cbi Minh, du la bd phan
ndi bat, ndi trdi nhat. Mat khac, trong
m
duy
va
m
mdng cua Ngudi, ehinh tri khdng tach
rdi khdi cae
IMi
vue khac - kinh te, van boa,
xa hdi. La mdt nha bien ehung macxit, ban
niia
net dae sac d Hd Chi Minh la thuc hanh
phep bidn chimg trong cae cdng vide tiiue te,
la nha bidn ehung thue hanh nen Hd Chi
Minh rat

ehii
trgng ung dung ly luan vao thuc
tidn dd kidm nghidm, khao nghidm ly luan,
ddng thdi lai dimg ly luan nhu mgt phuong
phap dd tdng kdt thuc tien, phat hidn tu trong
thuc tien ly luan mdi, phat trien ly luan nen
mdt trinh do mdi.
Thdng nhit ly luan vdi thue tien, vdi
phuang cham ly luan Uen be vdi thuc tien,
hge di ddi vdi hanh, Hd Chi Minh da kdt hgp
"ly luan boa thuc tien" vdi "tiiue tien boa ly
luan". Thue tidn ludn ludn la diim xudt phdt
va la cho hudng
dich ciia
ly luan va phuong
phap Hd Chi Minh vd chmh tii va vd tit ca
eae Unh vuc khac
eiia
ddi sdng. Cbinh vi vay,
nhiing kien giai eua Hd Chi Minh ve chinh tii
eiing nhu vd kinh td, van boa, xa hdi, ve eon
ngudi, dit nude, dan tdc va thd gidi ludn bam
TAP
CHl LICH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
61
TU'TU'ONGHb
CHi MINH
sat thuc tidn. Ngudi xa la vdi tinh tu bidn

ehii
quan, bdnh sach vd va giao didu - ma xet ddn
eung, nhirng can bdnh nay ddu do khdng thay
duge ban chat sau xa cua ddi sdng thuc tidn
eiing nhu khdng lam chu dugc ly luan. Nhan
rd m duy bidn chimg Hd Chi Minh va phong
each
bidn chimg thuc hanh cua Hd Chi Minh
dd ed
CO
sd xem xet, danh gia cau tnic m
mdng ehinh tri eua Ngudi, tu dd nit ra nhimg
dac diem, y nghia va bai hgc can van dung
trong ddi mdi ngay nay.
Ldnin quan niem rang, ehinh tri ed tinh
Idgie kbaeh quan eua nd, khdng phu thudc
vao nhirng du tinh eua ea nhan nay hay ca
nhan khac, cua dang nay hay dang khac.
Chinh tri eiing ed logic ndi tai cua nd. Bidn
chimg khach quan va chu quan la van dd can
ban va tdng quat nhat eua phuong phap luan
tiidt hge
iing
dung vao dia hat ehinh tri, trd
thanh tridt hgc chmh tri.
Ciing theo Ldnin, ngudi ta can ddn kinh
td dd khdi bi chdt ddi, can ddn chinh tri de
tranh roi vao tu sat (ed nghia la mat phuang
hudng, boat ddng phieu luu va mu quang
trong chinh tii thi tit khdng ti'anh khdi tbit

bai).
Nhirng chi dan kinh didn iy duge Hd
Chi Minh ehu trgng van dung mgt each sang
tao trong thuc tidn, dac bidt d nhiing tinh
hudng phue tap, nhirng bude ngoat eua
phong trao hoac nhirng bude ehuydn tidp
ciia
tinh hinh va nhidm vu.
Dudi day ed the hinh dung logic hinh
thanh va phat tiidn tu tiidng ehinh tri Ho Chi
Minh. Mdt each khai quat, ed thd nhan thiy
he thdng eae van dd sau day trong nhan thue
va ti'ong hanh ddng chinh tri cua Ngudi.
Gidi
phdng ddn tpc vd dudng ldi chinh tri
chdng chu nghia thuc ddn di gidnh lgi dpc
lap,
tudo
cho ddn tpc
Viet
Nam.
Tir khao nghidm thuc tidn ngay trdn manh
dat cua
ehii
nghia
m
ban, ehu nghia de qudc,
tir
sir
thau hidu va thau cam tinh canh sdng

cua ddng bao minh dudi ach thdng tri thuc
dan, phong kidn, quan sat va nhan rd ban chat
cua chu nghia thuc dan, Nguyen Ai Qudc
nhan thay chi cd each mang mdi thuc hien
duge mue tidu giai phdng.
Dd la each mang vd san, la
sir
nghiep cua
chu nghia cdng san. Dd la mdi quan he giiia
each mang thudc dia va
each
mang chinh
qudc.
Dd la tinh chu ddng lich sir, khdng chd
dgi thu ddng tmdc hoan canh. Phdi dem
sice
ta md gidi phdng cho ta.
Phai lam cdch mgng din noi tiic la triet
di, theo guong each mang Nga va giir viing
ehu nghia. Mudn vay phai cd Dang each
mang tidn phong nhd su dan dudng cua ly
luan tidn phong.
Sang tao vao bac nhat
eiia
chinh tri giai
phdng Hd Chi Minh la giai quydt mdi quan
he giira dan tde vdi giai cap, giai quydt van
de giai phdng dan tgc trdn lap trudng giai
cap edng nhan dung vimg trdn y thue he
cdng nhan, vugt qua y thuc he phong kien

va tu san chu nghia dan tdc la mgt dgng
lire
quan trgng, quydt dinh midn la dat nd tiren
lap trudng chu nghia qudc td cua giai cap
cdng nhan.
Sang tao ay da cham dirt cude khimg
hoang tridn midn vd dudng ldi ehinh tri va con
dudng cuu nudc d Viet Nam tir cuoi thd ky
XIX den nira dau thd ky XX.
62
TAP CHi L|CH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
TU'TU'ONGHO
CHi
MINH.
Ddc lap dan tdc, ddc lap tu do la muc tieu
chinh tri hang dau cua each mang Viet Nam,
do ciing la
"dl
bat bidn" day tinh kien dinh
nguyen tac eua Hd Chi Mmh, la quyet tam
chinh tii ndi bat, thu
hiit
hau hdt no
lire,
tinh
lire
cua Ngudi. Nhat quan, kidn dinh la phim
chat, nhan each chinh tri cua Ngudi qua mgi

chang dudng lich sir:
- Tmdc Cach mang Thang Tam: du cd
phai ddt chay day Tmdng Son ciing phai
quyet gianh eho duge ddc lap dan tdc.
- Trong Tuyin ngdn Dpc
lap:
quydt dem tit
ca tinh than va
lire
lugng, tinh mang va cua
cai
de giir viing ndn ddc lap tu do.
- Trong Ldi
keu
ggi
todn
quoc khdng chiin:
tha hy sinh tat ea chir quydt khdng chiu lam
ndle.
- Trong khang chidn chdng My,
ciiu
nude:
khdng ed gi quy hon ddc lap tu do.
- Trong Di chuc: Didu mong mudn cudi
ciing cua tdi la, toan Dang, toan dan doan
ket phan dau, xay dung thanh edng mdt
nudc Viet Nam hoa binh, thdng nhat, ddc
lap,
dan chu va giau manh.
Dudng ldi chinh tri diing dan, tri tue va

muu luge, eiing vdi phuang phap chinh
tri sang tao
eiia
Hd Chi Minh da dua dan
tdc ta dung vao hang ngii
eiia
cac dan tdc
tien phong trdn the gidi da danh bai chu
nghia thue dan
cw
va mdi, md ra eon
dudng phat tridn eua Viet Nam trong thdi
ky mdi.
Dgc lap dan tgc gin lidn vdi CNXH la quy
luat
eiia
each mang Viet Nam trong thdi dai
mdi,
la phat tridn ly luan ehinh tii
Idn
nhat
eiia
Hd Chi
Minh
ti-dn
m
each
nha
m
mdng.

i
Qua
dp lin
CNXH,
bd qua che dp
tu
bdn chu
nghia,
xdy dung CNXH
phii
hgp vdi
dieu
Men,
hodn cdnh Viet
Nam
Day la eon dudng, phuong thue phat tridn
cua Viet Nam trong thdi dai mdi,
laphdt trien
ddn tpc
Viet
Nam phu hop vdi ydu cau cua
thdi dai, xu the phat trien eua lich sir thd gidi.
Kien giai eua Hd Chi Minh vd CNXH
Viet Nam va xay dung CNXH d Viet Nam
la thudc vd nhiing kidn giai ly luan ebinh tri.
Ngudi nhan thay eon dudng phat tridn xa
hdi chu nghia d Viet Nam la mdt tat ydu lich
sir, la dam bao day du, thuc chat va ben
viing cho ddc lap dan tde eua Viet Nam.
Ngudi ciing nhan thay nhirng tien de eua

CNXH d Viet Nam chin mudi dan dan,
trudc hdt la tien de chinh tri, la giai phdng
dan tdc, dat tdi tu do ebinh tri va quyen tu
quydt dan tde.
Dd la mgt qua trinh lau dai, khd khan, phire
tap,
do chinh ddc diim to nhdt chi phdi - bd
qua che do m ban
ebii
ngbia. Cai tao nhiing
tan tich phong kien thuc dan va xay dung che
do mdi la mdt qua trinb cai bidn each mang.
Cach mang la pha cai cii ddi ra cai mdi, pha
cai xau xa, lac bau, ldi thdi ddi ra cai tien bd,
tdt dep.
Sir
nghidp do can den sue manh cua
toan dan va su giiip dd qudc td. Do do phai
hge kinh nghiem qudc td nhung tren tinh than
sang
tao,
khdng sao chep may mde, giao didu.
Chu trgng phat tridn kinh td va van boa.
Chii
trgng vai trd eua ly luan va khoa bgc.
CNXH cdng vdi khoa hgc la mdt sire manh
vd tan.
Hai diem rat quan trgng trong
m
duy ly

luan Hd Chi Mmh ve CNXH:
sir
nghidp
ciia
TAP CHi UCH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
63
TU'TU'ONGHd
CHi MINH.
dan va vi hanh phiie eua dan. Ban chat, muc
tidu ddng
lire
cua CNXH quy tu d van dd con
ngudi, sue sang tao cua nhan dan va dan tgc.
Phat tridn mdi cua Hd Chi Mmh vd CNXH
la dem vao ly luan CNXH mdt tiip can dgo
due
hgc. CNXH la ddi lap vdi chu nghia ca
nhan,
m
tudng xa hdi ehu ngbia la ddi lap vdi
tu mdng ea nhan ehu nghia. Mudn xay dung
thanh cdng CNXH phai danh bai ehu nghia ca
nhan. Mudn xay dung CNXH tmdc hdt can
cd con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghia, ed tu
mdng xa hdi chu nghia.
Dam bao cbo CNXH khdng chi la kinh td va
ehinh tri ma cdn
la

dgo dice
va
vdn
hod.
Mdt net mdi trong tu duy chinh tri Hd
Chi Minh vd CNXH la nhin nhan CNXH
nhu mdt kidu chd do xa hdi mdi, theo quan
didm phat tridn va ddi mdi: mpt xa hdi
giau ed, khuydn khieh
sir
giau cd bang lao
ddng, mdt xa hdi phat tridn va ddi mdi,
dan tdc thdng thai va xa hdi van boa cao.
Di chuc ndi it nhat ve CNXH xet vd cau
chir nhung lai thd hidn duge didu thuc
chat, sau sac nhat vd CNXH theo ndi dung
tu tudng. Di chuc
Id
mot thiit ki ly ludn
ddi mdi bao hdm cd quan niim vi ddi mdi
nhu mdt dinh nghia khoa hgc. Ngudi tru
tinh cho tuong lai phat tridn eua dat nude
sau khi each mang mien Nam hoan toan
thang lgi.
Chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam khdng ehi la
xac dinh muc tidu ma cdn phai van dung dimg
each lam, bidn phap, budc di sao cho thich hgp,
khdng lam bira, lam au. Dd la mdt tiiet ly phat
tridn hai
boa.

Theo dung tu mdng Hd Chi Minh,
xay dung CNXH phai sao cho dung quy luat
(khoa hge), thudn ldng
ddn
(tinh nhan dan, dan
tgc),
lai phai hgp vdi
thdi
dgi
Ddn chu vd thuc hdnh ddn chu
Chi vdi dinh nghia ngan ggn, cd
diic
ve
dan chu: dan
Id
chu va dan ldm chu, Hd
Chi Minh da lam rd ban chat, thuc chat eua
dan ehu, da dudng nhu each mang hoa
nhan thuc vd dan chu. Y thuc he phong
kidn coi dan chu la chu cua dan, cung lam
ciing chi dat ddn thdn ddn va dieu ay lai
phu thudc vao pham
each
cua ngudi be trdn
nam
giii
quydn
lire,
dem ldng thuong dan
ma ddi xir vdi nhiing than dan, thu dan,

thao dan d bdn dudi, nhu mdt on hue, ban
phat ma thdi. Dan chu tu san chi thudc ve
mdt sd it, nhiing ngudi thudc tang ldp hiru
san. Vdi Hd Chi Minh, dan la quy nhat
trong bau trdi nay va ddn chu la cua quy
bdu nhdt trin ddn cua ddn. Vay la, dan
ehiing sd ddng la chu sd hitu ddn chu, chu
sd hitu nhd nudc, ddn phdi gidm sdt, Mim
sodt viec thuc thi quyin luc cua nhd nudc
do minh uy thdc.
Dan chu ddi lap vdi quan Udu, tham nhiing.
Chi tiy tru dugc quan Udu tham nhung khi
thuc hanh dan chu
rdng
rai trong Dang va
trong Nha nude.
Dan chu khdng chi la gia tri, la thanh qua
cua dau ti'anh giai phdng ma cdn la thudc do
cua tidn bd va phat tridn, la dgng luc cua phat
tridn xa hdi, la chia khoa van nang dd giai
quydt mgi khd khan.
Vdi Hd Chi Minh, dan chu mang dac trung
phdp ly va nhdn vdn, do khdng chi la gia tii,
ma cdn la nguydn tic cua td chuc va van hanh
cua bd may, cua the chd. Ngudi dua ra khai
64
TAP CHi LICH
SLF
OANG - S6 5/2010
TU'TU'ONGHOCHIMINH.

rudm ddn chu tap trung nhu mdt nguydn tie,
mdt chd do de thi hanh trong Dang va Nha
nude. Nd thdng nhat vd ban chit vdi quan
rudm kinh didn mac xit vd tap trung ddn chu
nhung van cd nhiing sac thai khac bidt. Dan
ehu la
CO
sd, muc dich ma tap tiimg la phuong
thuc va dieu kidn dd thue hidn dan chu.
Dan chu tap tmng va tap tiimg dan ehu doi
lap vdi tap
timng
quan lidu, xa la vdi thdi tii do
vd ehinh phu, nd eiing khdng ed mdt chiit gi
ehung vdi dan ehu hinh thire. Dd ed dan ehu
thue chat can phai khac phue dan ehu hinh
thuc,
dau tranh chdng lai nhung vi pham dan
chu va quydn lam ehu eua nhan dan.
Dan ehu la van dd thudc vd ban chat cua
CNXH, cua Dang va Nha nudc. Hd Chi Minh
nhan manh dan ehu va thue hanh dan ehu
trong Dang va trong Nha nude, trong quan he
lanh dao eua Dang vdi quan ly eua Nha nude
va vdi Mat tran, tidu bidu cho khdi dai doan
kdt toan dan tdc.
Mudn dam bao dan chu phai gan lidn dan
chu vdi phap luat, ky luat va ky cuong. Phai
thue hanh
trgng ddn

va trgng phdp. Phai cham
lo ddn
sinh,
ddn tri de thuc hidn ddn quyin va
dam bao ddn chu, giai quydt tdt mdi quan he
giira quydn va lgi ieh, giiia lgi ieh vdi trach
nhidm, nghia vu va bdn phan. Dd cao trach
nhidm cua Dang, cua
Nha
nudc vdi nhan dan.
Phai cdng phu trong giao due y
thiie
dan
chii
va lam ehu eho can bd, dang vien, edng
chuc va quan ehiing nhan dan, phai chdng
lai nhiing bidu hidn "quan
ehii"
va thdi "len
mat quan each mang" trong quan he, cu xir
vdi nhan dan cua nhiing ngudi trong bd
may cdng quydn.
Dan chu cdn la co sd, tidn de, didu kidn de
thue hidn dai doan kdt dan tde va phat huy
ddng thuan xa hdi.
Dodn kit vd dgi
dodn
kit
ddn
tpc

Day la van dd chidn luge cua each mang.
Khdng thuc hidn doan kdt thi khdng ed
sue
manh, khdng cd luc lugng. Doan kdt trong
Dang phai duge giir gm tii Trung uong tdi cac
ehi bd, nhu giir gin eon nguoi
ciia
mat minh.
Dai doan kdt toan dan tdc la
sue
manh to
Idn
dam bao cho thang lgi cua each mang,
doan kdt eae dan tde, cac tdn giao, trong
Dang va trong xa hdi. Doan kdt edn la mpt
chinh sdeh chinh tri, la ddng luc
-cua
phdt
triin.
Sue manh doan kdt va dai doan kdt
hgp thanh tir ly tri ddn tinh cam, niem tin va
hanh dgng, duge dam bao va thiie day bdi
khoa hgc, dao
diie,
van hoa va luat phap,
dugc thd hidn thanh cac phong trao, tap hgp
lire
lugng, ed ehinh sach va giai phap dd duy
tri va thiic day.
Doan kdt va dai doan kdt la mdt tu tudng

chinh tri dac sac cua Hd Chi Mmh.
Ngudi da thuc hanh m mdng dd mdt each
mau muc va cdng phu gay dung, cham lo,
phat tridn
sire
manh doan kdt tir trong Dang,
trong Nha nude, nhan dan va xa hdi.
Mudn thue hidn dai doan kdt phai cd thai
do chan thanh thidn chi, phai binh dang va
dan ehu, khdng ehi
chii
trgng tu mdng ma
edn phai van dung tdt eae phuong phap.
Ngudi ndu
Idn
cac chuan muc dung va khio,
phat hidn ra kha nang sang tao ddi dao,
phong phu eua dan, day manh edng tac dan
van, khdng sdt mdt ngudi nao, khdng phi
pham mdt kha nang nao,
dii
nhd nhit. Trong
TAP CHl LICH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
65
TU'TU'ONGHOCHIMINH.
tu tudng va boat ddng thuc tidn, Hd Chi
Minh da tao ra mdi lidn he Idgie chinh thd
va thue hidn cai ehinh thd ay mdt each nhat

quan, lay vide lam, banh ddng de thuydt
phuc,
dd minh ehung. Dd la mdi lidn he tii
ddn din ddn chu, din ddn van vd dgi dodn
kit todn ddn tpc.
Dd cdn la doan kdt qudc td, cd nguydn tac,
cd ly ed tinh, lam ban be tin cay cua cac nudc
dan
ehii.
Doan kdt va dai doan kdt phai dua
trdn mdt ndn tang
eiia
van boa khoan dung, tm
cay va tdn trgng lan nhau.
Xdy dung chi dp ddn
chu,
phdt huy quyen
ldm chu cua ddn
phdi
ddc
biit
chu trgng td chiec
bp mdy
vd con
ngudi,
dd
Id ngudn nhdn
luc
cua
thi

chi,
cdn
bd,
ddng vien
vd
cdng
chirc.
Ndi bat trong van dd nay la xay dung,
chinh ddn Dang sao cho xung dang la mdt
Dang chan chinh
each
mang va mdt Nha
nudc phap quydn dan ehu. Ngudi vidt rat
nhidu vd xay dung Dang, vach rd 12 didu
xay dung Dang chan chinh each mang trong
tac pham
Sica
ddi ldi ldm viec (1947). Ngudi
ndi tdi phong each lanh dao cua Dang khi
cam quydn. Ngudi ndi vd Nha nude vdi ndn
luat phap nghidm minh, trimg tri tat ca
nhiing kd bat lidm. Bdn lan Ngudi nhae tdi
ehii
"that" trong Di chuc ddi vdi Dang cam
quydn. Ngudi xac dinh rd thai do cdng minh
eua Nha nudc, dd thue
sir
vi dan thi phai
nghidm tri mgi hanh vi gay tdn hai tdi lgi
quydn cua dan. Muc an cao nhit cho nhiing

tdi phan qudc hai dan Ngudi ddu ghi rd la tir
hinh. Ky ludt cdng vu va dgo
dire
cdng chirc
ludn dugc Ngudi dd cao, sao cho cdng chuc
phai thao ehinh tri, gidi chuydn mdn, tan tuy
phuc vu nhan dan. Phai coi chinh sach cua
Nha nudc la dao ly, dao nghia
Idn
nhat eua
Chinh phu.
Ciing nhu vay, cac td chirc doan thd eua
dan phai cham lo tranh dau cho quydn lgi
cua dan, giao due y thuc nghia vu cho
cdng dan, phai thuc
sir
thau hidu va thau
cam ddi sdng cua dan. Cac doan thd phai
gdp vao su trudng thanh cua mdi doan
vidn, hdi vidn vd chinh tri, ngudi dan tham
chinh (tham gia boat ddng chinh tri) vdi
tat ca tinh than tu giac, y thiic trach nhiem
va nang luc sang tao.
Ngay nay, chiing ta coi Dang lanh dao,
Nha nudc quan ly, nhan dan lam chu, do la
ca chi ldm chu cua nhan dan. That ra, day la
mpt quy tdc chinh tri tdng qudt de chi dan
thuc hanh dan chu trong xa hdi ma nhan dan
lam chu. Day ciing la van dd thudc vd mdi
quan he giira tham quydn va trach nhiem

eua Dang, Nha nudc vdi nhan dan. Nd phai
dugc thd che boa thanh luat va xac lap cac
ehuan muc dd thuc hidn, cac tidu chi de
danh gia.
Vdn
hda chinh tri
Ngudi timg nhan manh, van boa d ti-ong
kinh td va chinh tri, lai phai lam cho ehinh tii
tham sau vao ddi sdng dan gian. Dua boat
dgng chinh tri
Idn
tim van boa, dat tdi cac
chuan muc van hoa, boat ddng tham chinh
cua mgi ngudi dan va trach nhiem cua nhung
ngudi dugc dan uy quyen phai ti'd thanh nhu
cau tu giac, sang tao.
Mudn cho chmh tri trd thanh van hoa chinh
tri thi chinh tri phai dua trdn dodn ket va
thanh
khiet phai dua
ti-en
cac tin cot: khoa hge - dao
66
TAP CHi UCH
SLF
DANG - S6 5/2010
TU'TU'ONGHb
CHl MINH
dire - luat phap. Dan chu phai tham sau vao
mgi quan he td chuc va con ngudi. Chinh tri

la dao
due,
van minh, la khoa hgc va nghe
tiiuat, la su ung xir tinh td, tdn
ti'gng
nhan each
tiing ngudi mdt.
Nhan
each
van hoa cua ngudi lanh dao,
cam quydn, quan ly phai thue
sir
cd
siic
ndu
guong cd
vii,
thuydt phuc mgi ngudi.
Ndn chinh tri dua tren dan chu phap quydn,
chinh tri vi dan va bao vd dan, ngudi lam
ehinh tri la ngudi chang nhiing cd tri tue khoa
hgc ma cdn cd dao
due,
cd ban
Imh
dd sudt
ddi tan tam tan
lire
phuc vu dan, ciing nhu dan
da cd quyen lam ehu thi phai cd nghia vu cua

ngudi
chii -
dd la van boa chinh tri.
Van hoa ehinh tri cd kha nang sua chira
mgi thu phu hoa, xa xi, lang phi quan lidu,
tham nhiing. Van hoa chinh tri ket hgp
tmyen thdng vdi hidn dai. Cd van boa chinh
tri cua toan dan, cua ca xa hdi, cd van hoa
chinh tri timg td chuc,
timg
ca nhan cd su
mau muc, trung thanh, tan tuy cua cac nhan
each chinh tri, bidt trau ddi va thuc hanh can
kidm lidm chinh, nhan, tri, diing lidm,
trung. Van boa chinh tri la
sue
manh chdng
lai mgi thu xau xa, hu hdng, ldi thdi, tha
hoa, bien dang.
Cdn nhidu van dd khac, nhung sau didm
ndu trdn la nhirng ydu td rat co ban trong cau
tnic tu tudng chinh tri Hd Chi Minh, gan lidn
vdi phuong phap chinh tri Hd Chi Minh, can
nhan thuc diing, can van dung va phat tridn
sang
tao.
Ndi dung nao, phuong phap ay. Su
tuong thich nay cho thay tinh bidn chiing,
sir
tham nhap va bieu hien lan nhau giua tu

tudng vdi phuong phap trong ehinh tri Hd
Chi Minh.
Tu tudng va phuong phap ehinh tri Hd Chi
Minh ddng thdi eung la phong each cua
Ngudi the hidn rd nhirng dae didm sau day,
duge quy udc la chinh tri Hd Chi Mmh:
- Dd la chinh tri tham nhuan ehu nghia
nhdn dgo cdch
mgng,
vi con ngudi va su phat
tiidn nhan
each
tu do, sang tao cua con ngudi.
(3
day khdng chi la con ngudi ca nhan ma la
ea edng ddng xa
hgi.
Giai phdng sue dan, phat
tiidn sue dan, bdi dudng sue dan, tiet kidm
sue
dan.
- Dd la ehinh tri ddn chu phdp quyin,
thuc hidn va phat huy quydn lam ehu cua
nhan dan.
- Dd la chinh tri phdt triin, nhat quan vdi
he gia tri ddc lap - tu do - hanh phuc.
- Dd la chinh tri ddi mdi va sdng tgo.
- Dd la chinh tri thuc tiin, ehinh tri
hdnh ddng.
Tu mdng - phuang phap - phong

each
chinh tri Hd Chi Minh ehua dung nhung gia
tri dac sac va ndi bat trong di san ma Ngudi
de lai, ggi md cho su nghien cuu va ung
dung vao thuc tidn ddi mdi ngay nay cua
Viet Nam.
Cd the va can phai nghien cuu di san
ma Ngudi dd lai tren mdt trinh do khai
quat sau sac hdn de thay d Hd Chi Minh
la su thdng nhat
hiiu
co giiia hgc thuyit -
chu thuyet va triit ly eua Ngudi. Dd la
hgc thuydt gidi phdng - ehu thuydt phdt
trien va triet ly hdnh dpng vi ddc lap - tu
do - hanh phuc cua nhan dan, eua dan tgc
Vidt Nam.
TAP CHl LICH
SLF
DANG - S6
5/2010
67