RELATIVE CLAUSES 2

RELATIVE CLAUSE (mệnh đề quan hÖ/ liên hệ)
* Khái niệm: Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tÝnh ngữ) là mệnh đề phụ được bắt
đầu bằng 1 đại từ / trạng từ liên hệ đứng sau danh t, đại t hay 1 mnh lm rừ nghĩa cho danh
từ, đại từ đó.
Eg:
1. The man who is sitting next to me is my friend.
Relative clause
2. This is the present which my friend gave me yesterday.
Relative clause
A. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH)
* Khái niệm:
- Đứng sau 1 danh từ chung hoặc 1 đại từ (those, someone, something, anyone, no one… ) là
mệnh đề cần thit cho ngha ca câu, không th lc b.
Eg:
1. Do you know the girl who is talking to my father?
2. A biologist is someone who studies biology.
3. This is the house which was built by my grandfather.
I. Relative pronouns used in defining relative clause (những đại từ liên hệ thường dùng trong
mệnh đề xác định).
For persons

Subject
Who

Object
Whom/ Who

Possesive
Whose

For things

That
Which

That
Which

Whose

That

That

Of which

1. Relative pronouns for persons (đại từ liên hệ chỉ người).
a/ Subject: Who or that(Who thường hay dùng hơn).
- Dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong câu.
Eg:
1. The man has been arrested. The man robed you.
S
-> The man who robbed you has been arrested.
2. Only those had booked in avance were allowed in.
-> Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.
* Chú ý: “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau: all, everybody, no one, no body…
Eg:
Everyone who knows him likes him
Or -> Everyone that knows him likes him

1

b/ Object: Whom, who or that (có thể bỏ): dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong
câu.
-

Whom: hay dùng hơn.

-

Who/ that: hay dùng hơn trong ngơn ngữ nói

Eg:
The man wants to talk with you. You met the man on the train.
O
-> The man (whom) you met on the train wants to talk with you.
(who/ that)
* Chú ý: Chú ý đối với tân ngữ giới từ.
+ Khi chưa đảo thì giới từ có thể đứng sau động từ (phía trước vẫn có thĨ).
Eg:
1. Do you know the man (whom) they are talking about?
(who/ that)
+ Khi đảo thì giới từ sẽ đứng ngay trước đại từ quan hệ: whom (người) và which (vật)
-

Không dùng “that” và “who”.

-

Không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ.

2. Do you know the girl about whom they are talking?

c/ Possessive:Whose/of which
Eg:
Any student will be sent aboard to study. His grade is the highest in the exam.
->

Any student whose grade is the highest in the exam will be sent aboard to study.

2. Relative pronouns for things (đại từ liên hệ chỉ vật)
a/ Subject: Which or that (có thể bỏ, which hay được dùng hơn)
Eg:
1. The book is mine. The book is lying on the table.
-> The book which is lying on the table is mine.
Or ->

The book that is lying on the table is mine.

b/ Object: Which or that (có thể bỏ, which hay được dùng hơn).
1. This is the bag. I bought it yesterday.
->
Or ->

This is the bag (which) I bought yesterday.
This is the bag (that) I bought yesterday.
2. This is the hotel . I have ever known it.

->

This is the best hotel (that) I have ever known.

*Chú ý: Giới từ không được đặt trước “that” và không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ. Giới từ chỉ đứng trước
whom/ which.

2


Eg:
The music was very lyrical. I listened to it last night.
-> The music to which I listened last night was very lyrical.
c/ Possessive: ĐTLH chỉ sự sở hữu |:Whose, of which.
Eg:
These tree should be cut down. Its branches were dry.
->

The tree whose branches were dry should be cut down.

->

The tree, the branches of which were dry, should be cut down.

II. Relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ): When. Where, why. Used in difining relative clause.
When = on/ at/ in which = khi mà (dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian,ở vị trí adv)
Where = on/ at/ in which = nơi mà (dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn,ở vị trí adv
trong câu)
Why = for + which = tại sao mà (dùng để thay thế cho nguyên nhân, lý do,ở vị trí trạng ngữ)
Eg:
1. I never forget the day on which we first met.
->

I never forget the day when we first met.
2. Do you often remember the place in which you were born?

->

Do often remember the place where you were born?
3. The reason for which he didn’t go to work yesterday is that he was ill.

->

The reason why he didn’t go to work yesterday is that he was ill.

III. A relative clause replaced by participle or infinitive(Trạng từ liªnhệ được thay thế bằng
phân từ hoặc động từ nguyên thÓ)
1. Present participle (PI)
+ Đặc điÓm:
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế = P I khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ đó ở dạng chủ động
với các thì: HTĐ,HTTD,QKĐ,QKTD,TLĐ,TLTD.
+ Cách rút gọn PI:
-

Bỏ đại từ quan hệ chủ ngữ (và “tobe” nếu có)

-

Động từ ở các thì trên -> PI

Eg:
1. The man who is standing at the door is my uncle.
->

The man standing at the door is my uncle.
2. Boys who attend this school have to wear uniform.

->

Boys who attended this school had to wear uniform.

->

Boys ateending this school have to wear uniform.
(had)

2. Past participle (PII)
-. Đặc điểm:

3


- Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng P II khi động từ trong mệnh quan hệ ở dạng bị động với các thì:
HTĐ, TLĐ, QKĐ.
+ Cách rút gọn:
-

Bỏ đại từ quan hệ.

-

Bỏ dạng của động từ “to be”, giữ lại PII

Eg:
1. The English language which is spoken all over the world is the most popular one.
->

The English language spoken all over the world is the most popular one.
2. This is the house which was built by my grandparents.

->

This is the house built by my granparents.

3. Infinitive.
+ Đặc điểm:
-

Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế = động từ nguyên thể khi ở trước mệnh đề quan hệ là các cụm
từ: The fist, the second, the thirth, the fourth, the last, the only… hoặc so sánh hơn nhất (the
best… )

+ Cách rút gọn:
-

Bỏ đại từ quan hệ

-

Động từ trong MĐQH -> to – infinitive (chủ động)
-> tobe + PII (bị động)

Eg:

1. The last man who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
-> The last man to leave the room must turn off the lights.
2. The fist man that we saw was a manager.
-> The fist man to see a manager.
-> The fist man to be seen was a manager.
B. NON – DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
+ Khái niệm:
-

Đứng sau 1 danh từ riêng, hoặc 1 danh từ có tính từ chỉ tính chất, tính từ chỉ định, đặc điểm
hoặc sở hữu đứng trước, không cần thiết cho nghĩa của câu. Nó ln giống như 1 lời giải thích
để trong ngoặc kép, có thể bỏ mà khơng ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa của câu.

-

Lu«n dïng dÊu phẩy để ngăn cách mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chÝnh

Eg:
1. Mrs Smith, who taught me English, is living in London.
2. My sister, whom you met yesterday, is going to study aboard.
I. Relative pronouns used in non – defining relative clause (ĐTLH thường dùng trong mƯnh ®Ị
khơng xác định).
For persons

Subject
Who

Object
Whom/

Possesive
Whose

Who

4


For things

Which

Which

Whose
Of which

1. Non – defining relative clauses: persons (chỉ người)
a. Subject: Who
Eg:
1. I met Jane’s father, who works at the university.
2. Peter, who has never been aboard, is studying French and English.
b. Object: Whom/ who (Whom hay được dùng hơn)
Eg:
She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before.
* Chú ý: Đối với tân ngữ có giới từ: khi đảo giới từ chỉ dùng “whom”
c. Possessive: Whose
Eg:
Mrs young, whose children go away, feels very lonely.
2. Non – difining relative clauses: things (chỉ vật).

a. Subject: Which (không được dùng “that”)
Eg:
The 8.15 train, which is usually very punctual, was late today.
b. Object: Which
Eg:
These books, which you can get an any bookshelf, will give you all the information you need.
* Chú ý: Tân ngữ giới từ có thể đảo giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ “which” (hoặc để sau động từ)
c. Possessive: Whose, of which.
Eg:
This house, whose windows were all broken, was in bad condition.
->

This house, the windows of which were all broken, was in bad condition

C. CONNECTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES (liên mệnh đề): luôn dùng dấu “,”
1. Dùng đại từ quan hệ “which” thay thế cho cả ý cña mệnh đề trước đó
Eg:
1. He dranks a lot of beer, which made him fat.
2. He usually comes home late, which annoys her parents.
2. Dùng đại từ quan hệ: “whom” đối với danh từ chỉ người, “which” đối với danh từ chỉ vật sau
những từ chỉ số lượng: one, two,… few, several, some, all, both, most, any, none of + whom/ which.
Eg:
1. I have got two sisters, both of whom are married.
2. He introduced me to his friends, one of whom offered to go with me.
3. I saw many houses, several of which were unsuitable for me.
D. CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU CHE) (hình thức nhấn mạnh)
Mẫu chung

5

It
be
Noun/ pronoun/ adverbial phrase
1. Subject focus.
It

is

S

Defining relative clause
who (for persons) + V _ (present tense)

was

that (for things)

_ (past tense)

Eg:
1. The man teaches me English.
->

It’s the man who teaches me English.
2. The dog bit me yesterday.

->

It was the dog that bit me yesterday.

2. Object focus
It

is

O

who(m) (for persons) + V _ (present tense)

was

that (for things)

_ (past tense)

Eg:
1. I met the man on the train.
->

It was the man who(m) I met on the train.
2. She is learning English.

->

It is English that she is learning.

3. Adverbial focus.
It + is/ was + adverbial + that + S + V _ (present tense)
_ (past tense)

Eg:
1. Uncle Ho left his country in 1911.
->

It was in 1911 that Uncle Ho left his country.
2. I’m learning at Le Quy Don high school .

->

It’s at Le Quy Don hight school that I’m learning.

* Note: Không được dùng “Which” trong câu che

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PRACTICE
Exercise1: Choose the best option.
1. “Who is eligible for the scholarship?”
“Anyone__________ scholastic record is above average can apply fog the scholarship.”
A. who has a
C. who’s a
B. has
D. whose
2. Dr. Sale is a person__________ .
A. in whom I don’t have much confidence
B. in that I don’t have much confidence
C. whom I don’t have much confidence in him
D.I don’t have much confidence
3. “Is April twenty – first the day___________ ?”

A. you’ll arrive men
C. on that you;ll arrive
B. when you’ll arrive
D. when you’ll arrive on
4. The severe drought_________ occurred last summer ruined the corn crop.
A. that it
C. it
B. which it
D. that
5. Florida, _________ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A.
C. it known as
B. which it
D. that is known as
6. The new shopping mall is gigantic. It’s advertised as a place________ you can find just about
anything you might want to buy.
A. where
C. in where
B. which
D, in that
7. Loral’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man________.
A. that she hardly knows him
C. she hardly knows
B. whom she hadly knows him
D. she hardly knows him
8. People who exercise frequently have greater physical andurance than those________.
A. who doesn’t
C. which don’t
B. that doesn’t
D. who don’t

9. “Is the address to ________ you want the package sent?”
“Yes”
A. where
C. which
B. that
D. whom
10. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, __________ surprised everyone.
A. which
C. who
B. that
D. that is
11. That book is by a famous anthropologist. It’s about the people in Samoa_______ for two years.
A. that she lived
C. among whom she lived
B. that she lived among them
D. where she lived among them
12. The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone________ information about his actives of
whereabouts.
A. has
C. who have
B. having
D. have
13. The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by
people_________in Latin American history.
A. who they are interested
C. interested
B. are interested
D. they are interested

7

14. I have always wanted to visit to Paris. _________ of France.
A. is the capital
C. that is the capital
B. which is the capital
D. the capital
15. The chemistry book________ was a little espensive.
A. that I bought it
C. what I bought
B. I bought that
D. I bought
16. “Have you ever met the man__________ over there?”
A. stands
C. is standing
B. standing
D. who he is standing
17. “Do you have the book__________ the teacher?”
“Yes, I do.”
A. that it belongs to
C. to which belongs
B. to which belongs to
D. that belongs to
18. The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate__________ proposals called for higher
taxes.
A. who his
C. whom he had
B. whose
D. which
19. “Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, __________ taught us English composition?”

“I certainly do.”
A. who
C. that
B. whom
D. which
20. I have three brothers, ____________ are businessmen.
A. that all of them
C. all of whom
B. who they all
D. who all of them
21. “Where were you able to locate the person__________ wallet you found?”
“Luckily, yes”
A. which
C. whose
B. that his
D that’s
22. “Why do you get up at 4.00 A.M?”
“Because it’s the only time_________ without being interrupted.”
A. that I can work on my book
B. when I can work on my book at
C. when I can work on book then
D. when I can work on my book
23. “You seem so happy today”
“I’m. You are looking at a person_________ has just been accepted into medical school.”
A. who
C. whom she
B. who she
D. whom
24. “The movie_________ last night was terrifie.”
“What’s about?”

A. I went
C. I went to
B. I went to it
D that I went
25. Many people lost their homes in the earthquake. The government needs to establish more shelters
to care for those_________ have homes.
A. who doesn’t
C. which doesn’t
B. who don’t
D. which don’t
26. The problem________ never occurred.
A. I had expected it
C. that I had expected it

8


B. who I had expected
D. I had expected
27. I had to drive to the factory to pick up my brother____________ car wouldn’t start.
A. who his
C. who’s
B. who
D. whose
28. I read a book about Picasso, ____________.
A. is a Spanish painter
C. who a Spanish painter is
B. a Spanish painter
D. that is a Spanish painter
29. The people___________ the acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the

outstretched hands of his painter and tell to his death.
A. watched
C. watching
B.watch
D. were watching
30. “My writing has improved a lot in this class.”
“Mine has, too. All the students_________ do well in writing.”
A. whom Mr. Davis teaches them
C. that Mr. Davis teaches them
B. which Mr. Davis teaches
D. Mr. Davis teaches
31. “Have you seen the place__________ the graduation ceremony will be held?”
“Yes, It’s big enough to hold 5.000 people.”
A. in that
C. is where that
B. where
D. which
32. “How’s yours class this term?”
“Great. I have seventeen students, most of___________ speak English very well.”
A. who
C. whom
B. those
D. which
33. “Will everyone like the book?”
“No. only people_________ interested in anthropology.”
A. are
C. in whom are
B. who are
D. that is
34. “How did you enjoy your dinner with Mr. Jackson?”

“It was boring. He talked only about himself, _________ almost put us to sleep.”
A. which
C. who
B. that
D. that he
35. My grandfather, __________ awise man, has greatly influenced my life.
A. is
C. who is
B that is
D. who he is
36. “Is Dr. Brown the person_________ you wish to speak?”
“Yes, please”
A. that
C. to that
B. whom
D. to whom
37. In the movie, a teenager__________ to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his strong –
willed father.
A. wants
C. wangting
B. wanted
D. who want
38. “Excuse me, but there is something about__________ immediately”
“Certainly.”
A. which I must speak to you
B. which I must speak to you about it
C. that I must speak to you about
D. that I must speak to you

9

39. “Little Women”, ___________ in 1868, is my sister’s favorite book.”
A. is a novel published
C. a novel was published
B. a novel published
D. was a novel published
40. He_________ always likes to do something new can change the situation.
A. whose
C. who
B. which
D. whom
Excercise2. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. In my life I have never eaten in a restaurant where serves seafood.
A
B
C
D
2. It was during the summer of 1999 when I was in Mexico.
A
B
C
D
3. That post office is very proud of a team of well – trained staff, who is
A
B
C
D
thoughtful, helpfuland courteous.
4. Yoko told me about students who has taken the entrance exem 13 times.

A
B
C
D
5. She didn’t know where most of the people in the room was from.
A
B
C
D
6. Florida, where has become the twenty – seventh state in the U.S on March, 3rd, 1845,
A B
C
is one of the most beautiful ones there.
D
7. The woman whose children go away feel very lonely.
A
B
C
D
8. I was wakened by someone knocked on the door.
A
B C
D
9. That is the man who he told me the bad new.
A
B
C
D
10. The proposal he made at the meeting sounded interestingly.
A B

C
D
11. The food that Mark is cooking in the kitchen is smelling delicious.
A
B
C
D
12. Bob is a kind of person to whom one can talk about anything.
A
B
C
D
13. I’m looking for an electric can which also can sharpening knives.
A
B
C
D
14. People whose outlook on life are optimistic are usually happy people.
A
B
C
D
15. Your career should focus on a field in that you are genuinely interested.
A B
C
D
16. William Harvey, the English doctor who discovered the circulate of the
A
B
C

D
blood, was born in 1578.
17. Florida, that is known to be the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A
B
C
D
18. Lora’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man she
A
B
hardly knowns him.
C
D
19. Pople who exercise frequently have physical endurancal than those who doesn’t.
A
B
C
D
20. Is this the addrees to whom you want to passage sent?
A
B
C
D
21. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, that surprised everyone.
A
B
C
D
22. That book is by a famous anthropologist. It is about the peolpe in Samoa
A

B
among them she lived for two years.

10


C
D
23. Anyone who have passed the exams will be promoted.
A
B
C
D
24. It is the strangers whom I met at my cousin’s wedding last Sunday.
A
B
C
D
25. He is the only one answering the last question
A
B
C
D
26. A jelly fish, which isn’t really a fish, it has no brain, no bones, and no face.
A B
C
D
27. Doson which was located 20 km South East of Haiphong, is one of the most
A
B

C
beautiful beaches in Vietnam.
D
28. I have just seen boys from Africa where I met at the International House
A
B
C
party last week.
D
29. That company sold most sophisticalted computer equipment that we had ever found.
A
B
C
D
30.Anyone who arrive early will get the best selection of seat.
A
B C
D
31. It was him who came running into the classroom with the news.
A B
C
D
32. Betty is one of the women who is responsible for organizing the outing.
A
B
C
D
33.The actress who plays this role will receive an award when the critics will see
A
B

C
D
her performance.
34. The energy comes from the sun is called solar energy.
A
B
C
D
35. The man I introduced you to him last night may be the next president of
A
B
C
the university.
D
36. The only teachers who were required to attend the meeting were George,
A
B
C
Betty, Jill and me
D
37. There was a time which I used to swim five laps everyday, but now I don’t
A
B
C
have enough time.
D
38. It was in the village where spent my childhood with my family.
A B
C
D

39. Each package that is not properly wrapped have to be returned to the sender.
A
B
C
D
40. The library from that we often borrow books is famous in the city.
A
B
C
D.
Exercise 3: Combine sentences as indicated in the first example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Those boys are brother. Those boys are walking togother.
Those boys who are walking together are brothers
The lesson wasn’t easy. We did the lesson yesterday.
The car formerly belonged to my father. He is driving the car now.
I spoke to the professor yesterday. The professor teaches you Maths.
Is this the letter? You wanted me to deliver the letter.
The students are all in this class. He knows the students.
He put the marker in the book. He was reading the book.
The mechanic found the difficulty. We hired the mechanic.

I handed the letter to the man. The letter had just arrived.

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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

She tried to remember the rule. She had learned the rule last week.
The lady will give you a package. The lady works in the book department.
The house is on the corner. Mr Thompson lives in the house.
Here is the book. You and I were talking about the book yesterday.
Have you read the postcard? The Brown sent us the postcard.
The paper was very pretty. You wrapped the gift with the paper.
The man is a very famuos writer. His mouth looks very funny.
The monitor talked to the woman. Her son is one of our classmates.
The houes has an interesting history. We are living in the house.
He is talking about the day. We had a class re-union on the day.
The city is very modern. We plan to viesit the city next week.

Exercise 4: Select WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, WHOSE, THAT .. for the blank in

each sentence. Then put brackets around the relative clause as indicated in the first.
1. The book .....................................................we are reading now is very interesting
The book (which we are reading now) is very interesting.
2. The girl ....................................................... is walking with the teacher is in my lass.
3. The home work .......................................... we did yesterday was quite easy.
4. The rumor ................................................... we heard yesterday is not true.
5. Do you know that girl ................................ smile is so attractive?
6. The box in .................................................. you put the gift was very nice.
8. The police caught the man ................................................................. had stolen the jewels.
9. The village ....................................................we are going to visit is in the mountainous area.
10. We are sitting by the lake ..................................... water is polluted.
11. These books, ..........................................................you can get in any book shop will give you all the
information you need.
12. The girl ..................................................... mother is my sister is coming to see me tomorrow.
13. His house,.................................................. windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.
14. He is explaining the reson ....................... he was absent from class yesterday.
15. Mr. Quang is going to Canada ....................................... his son has been living for 5 year now.
Exercise 5: Find out one mistake in each sentence then correct it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.
14.
15.

The car which Bill bought it from Mr. Smith cost only $ 800.
The church where we visited last Sunday was beautiful.
You are sitting in the chair one leg of whose is broken.
Do yoi like the house of which colour is pink?
This is Minh whose father is our old teacher in – charge.
This English book, that I am holding, is beautifully illustrated.
The teacher that I tike him best of all is our teacher os English.
The subject about that Professor Moor wrote is very difficult.
This boy, that lives next door, broke the window.
I read about the child his life was saved by his pet dog.
Here is the address to that you should write.
The father who daughter won the First Prize in the language competition feels very proud.
The woman to who you are talking is in this room.
The house where we used to live in has been knocked down.
The year on which he was born was 1975.

Exercise 6: Complete the following sentences with a suitable word.
1. A person who studies philosophy is a .......................................................................
2. The place where we watch fooball matches is a .......................................................
3. Can you nam the American President who was ....................................................... in 1963?
4. A person who teaches at university is a ....................................................................
5. A place where a person was born is a........................................................................
6. A person who studies physics is a..............................................................................
7. A person who studies mathematics is a ....................................................................
8. A person who studies chemistry is a..........................................................................
9. A person who plays the guitar is ...............................................................................

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10. A place where we make experiments is a................................................................
Exercise 7: Write sentences using suggested words and phrases below.
1. Can/ tell/ name/ English writer/ who/ “Oliver Twist”?
2. That/ retaurant/ we/ have lunch/ yesterday.
3. This/ picture/ home – town/ where/ he/ grow up.
4. Streets/ crowded/ population/ which/ no interest/ learning.
5. Peace/ which/ Oxford/ once/ know/ swept way.
6. Shakespear/ who/ English writer/ born/ 1564/ died/ 1616.
7. Battle/ place/ solders/ fight/ enemies.
8. Famous person/ name/ well – known.
9. Football players/ who/ interest/ play football.
10. What/ you call/ man/ who/ study biology?
Exercise 8: H·y sö dơng cÊu tróc nhÊn m¹nh “It + to be + Sub/O/ Adverbial để nhấn
mạnh phần gạch chân trong các câu sau:
1. England won the World Cup in 1966.
2. English language is used as the language of aviation, international sport and pop music.
3. The written English which is not sytematically phonetic causes difficulties to Foreigners.
4. The assimilation of borrowings has made English internatoinal.
5. I like reading novels.
6. We are interested in learning English literature
7. Iasaac Newton was born on December 25th 1642.
8. His mother took care of him.
9. You told me about it.
10. He bit the dog in the garden.
Exercise 9: Use a Relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentence below.
1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

2. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
3. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
4. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.
5. The man is my father. I respect his opinions most.
6. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.
7. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.
8. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
9. I recently went backs to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 year ago.
10. She is the moat intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
11. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.
12. You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
13. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
14. I’ve sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.
15. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
16. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.
17. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good.
18. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
19. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
20. I’lùc lỵng introduce you the man. His support is neceddary for your project.
21. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.
22. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.
23. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
24. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.
25. Max. isn’t home yet. That worries me.
26. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
27. Last week I went to see house. I used to live in it.
28. I don’t know the girl’s name. She’s just gone into the ball.
29. Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.
30. Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.
Exercise 10: Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs, where

necessary.
1. Let me see all the letters …… you have written.
2. Is there any one …… can help me do this?

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3. Mr. Brown, …… is only 34, is the director of this company.
4. I know a place …… roses grows in abundance.
5. It was the nurse …… told me to come in.
6. The teacher with …… we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
7. They shwed me the hospital …… buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
8. We saw many soldiers and tanks …… were moving to the front.
9. Dr. Fleming, …… discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945.
10. He joined the political party …… was in power.
11. Love, …… is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life
12. Freedom is something for …… millions have given their lives.
13. It is easy to find faults in people …… we dislike.
14. The really happy people are those …… enjoy their daily work.
15. We must find a tiem …… we can meet and a place …… we.
Exercise 11: Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of
sentences below.
1. This is a rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
2. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.
3. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.
4. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
5. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.
6. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it.
7. There is a No parking sign. I do not take notice of it.
8. Mr. Brown is the man. I am responsible to him for my work.

9. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
10. We are crossing the meadow. We flew kites over it in our child hood.
Exercise 12: Use Relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below.
1. This is the house. We often stay in this house in summer.
2. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
3. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
4. He was born on the day. His father was away on that day.
5. The book is a telephone directory. We can look up telephone numbers in this book.
6. Mrs. Brown rang Dr. Brown. He was going to carry out an urgent operation at that moment.
7. The airport is the most modern one. We’re going to arrive at this airport.
8. she doen’t want to speak of the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause.
9. The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days.
10. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
Exercise 13: Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
5. Be sure to follow the intructions that are given at the top of the page.
6. They live in the house that was built in 1980.
7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.
8. The man who talked to the policeman is my uncle.
9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
Excercise 14: Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
5. I’ve got a bottle of wine but i haven’t got anything that I could open it with.

Exercise 15: Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or
infinitive phrases.
1. The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it (with)
2. The pilot was the only man to survive the crash.
3. He was the second person to be killed in this way.
4. I have just found a river to swim. (in)
5. This is a form for you to fill. (in)

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