MỘT số cấu TRÚC TIẾNG ANH 12

              

 !"#$" %& see  '(
&) "&#*
In case (if) + S + present tense S + simple future.
 %&+",-$&#.&*"%%.$!" *" /"& 
0, #1/ &2so what #" ."#3
$456 #" ."#78 9:;< 9.;#"7
=  #  !&  #   #".  &$    $ that &$
$//" # #!"#$#$(%#
Công thức:
It was not until + mệnh đề hoặc cụm thời gian that
+ mệnh đề
$("( >#*%#%$ #".??@
AB#!& # #".??@#$#$*%#%$
CDsatisfied!$#$)'#2
E.&#$" 2*#actually $"&)$.#$
$456%#  '5 '$F#G" 'HI%2 '$F.J#$K#)K2
#$K#
L$!.(rather '*"than#).*#" 
WOULD RATHER MD" ," "#")THAN MN
@
7. Công thức LIKE – BETTER THAN
OPQM#N

+$R%-DQQM#N

+$R%-
Q'6like#/.&%%better than#. Q '."&$
ST '#$U%VQWQ
PREFERMN" '+$R%-TOMN" '+$R%-

Q'6prefer/." '&%%to. " 'Q '."&$
?T '#$U%XOYQWQ
WOULD PREFER + to V
1
RATHER THANMN
@
Q'6!.(/,#!#%$N# "'$##$#$ '#
@Y >#!Z!" (#$[*& economically &
/&&"*.
 On  #" '#$$ 2$, () !"#" ',
$"
0  &      % #  *  (  *#  #$  "'$#
>%.%,"'$## "3\Not yet
=$!" (!!&&$"'$/#$#all%.(&!&#$
&
$456]^ '_
C    !.(     //%"#    $./ with #$"&
&&"'  #
$456//%"#7;</"`:"a#7
E  keep calm , #3b 
 "&" %.&&Z
LTake the number 5*& ('#,,at"&c
d$" & !$( >#! ##)is that
perfectly $//$
S$!#!& &" #$*%$2the smaller
of which &)(&"#%$ 
$456"#%$ 7<a#:a 7
?1$ >&&% #$#&#"&#$$"'$&#" #$%.&&
must have studied )$(
$456 must have]HI%(e ']f("g #^h#)"i%'j]k

# 'cG$UJ 'Hl" k"'m  $H*"n#%$o%$p '$q
n*q #$U%(K)J*r"&G ')J*q #$s 'J")Hl %t
Hu#2*q %k#$f k"6
#must have rained) "'$#v$o%$p #l"]wH$x"
]y$Tc
0@(#$")(##$,".2#$!.($)$(
!$##$! #(
MỘT SỐ LÝ THUYẾT VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
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|-
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Hu% J*ƒ]T ']R% k&€ „-
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MV$z *"i#6
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$J %^ $%‰#$f%$U$T '/$^"#$k"c  y $T '(e '
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Oq"6
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
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lai.
Q'6,"#"&& 2!" ',"&$" '+ n#l" o '2#T"&€]"
%z-
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T '#$U%6
WMMN
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@
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$"i #q"$R%#H• '."
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]" Hu% 'J"-
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T '#$U%6
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=
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MN
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Qˆ6,$( >#* *& #&#(2!.($)#
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Oq"6j $
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$#% #
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Q'6,!2!.(
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Q'6X2
!.( #(&%$
(#$" '
Oq"=6j $
$• '#G"#$†%#n
# 'cG$U
,MM$(M/&#
/#"%"/.20M
!.(7"'$#7%.(’M$)
M/&#/#"%"/.
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Q'6,"#$( >#* ,
$./2!.( >#$)
&%%((
(MM+ #-M
/&#/#"%"/.20M
!.(7"'$#7%.(
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Q'6("# #* 
,$./2
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CÁC DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có if sang dùng unless:
 .&&&€#$n)J%$“%$_",2*t #2)n"'"_ 'y 
Qˆ6,( >#&/.(.2$! >#$
 .&&’AB .&&&/.(.2$! >#$
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có without sang dùng if :
Ye ',’ #2*y "'"_ 'y +#e#$ '$FJ%k
%z%‰#$f-
Qˆ6X"#$#$./2!.( >#/&&#$ˆ+P$T '
%k&†'"4/]”%‹*q 2’-
,("( >#$./2!.( >#/&&#$ˆ+n*q
$T ''"4/2’-
Qˆ6X"#$#!#2!!.(("+P$T '%k Hu%2’-
        0 +n$T ' %k
Hu%2-
• Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có or, otherwise sang
dùng if 6
Yq ' J#$Hl '%k%s#4%.J
Câu mệnh lệnh + or, otherwise + S will …
G%$.J $H&6
,( >#+)"n#.q"*t-
Qˆ6/2!" *.#+$ $.y 2 n$T '
*q &€#g-
,( >#$2!" *.#+n*q $T ' $ $
.y 2*q &€#g-
•Yq ')"n#.q"%z]r"#Œ%z%kbut for& '(e 'if6
Ye '6",it weren’t for#$n%$*#,2/$m %– .q"'"_
'y
Q'6But for $./2!.(("

,"#! >#,$./2!.(("
* Các dạng câu điều kiện ám chỉ:
1+#$#-21+#$#-+"g .J-A A
/$– '$"
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN NÂNG CAO
Ye '#*y i $]{%k6
M…f("g #^h#$J %^ $#H„ '#HI '„#H• '."6
Q'6
,$!#!" #$'2$!.(*"%$
M…f]{ '$ƒh#%G%$.ƒ%$&†6
Qˆ6,!#&$"2$might $./+n*q
J $l]n #$j $#&€'"4/*q -
OH56
T '#$U% J$T 'G/(‰ '%$%G%]h '#Œ%$Š#j $
#q ' $H602
Qˆ6
,!#*’+&"-
,*(’+]4 '-
 '%T '#$U% J! %k#$f] 'J"#$n",2
$H ' n%k ##$j$T ']HI%] ##$J/$^"]f
.q"&%$‹#Œ $—
Qˆ6
X >##$')  ##%#’+&"-
X#$')  # ##%#’+]4 '-
Ye '340*y i $]{",
'Hl"#(e '%s#4% J]f("g #^h#$J %^ $ J.i
#$h%)Jh#$J %^ $$h# 'Hl" J$G%
N‚(‰6
,"#! #,2!.(("+n$T '%k*q .J#T"
~#"y•x"-

…•")u"%$i # 'cG$U#(e '6 5
’
$4 '#%‡ '%k#$f(e '*#,]f#$#$n%T '#$U%
JJ$T '#$]r" '$F6
N‚(‰6
,"#! #,2’A*#,2’
Câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp.
Oq"$“ $I/.J.q"%z]"{"i J0)n$G%.q" $
N‚(‰6
,$( #&/ ##%$&#(2!.( #*
* !+n$Tc*q $T 'ˆJ"cG $"{#"{ #$j
$T ]z%k&q%$#4" $H)m-ABOq"=M.q"0
,."( ".&2!.($)# ##$|AB
Oq"0M.q"=
,&$")(#$&#(2&$% %$#!
ABOq"0M.q"
D^ %$s#%‹%z]"{"i .J n%G"'j]4 '&†#$K##$j
%$"]h '#Œ#$]4 '#$l"'" %‹ k2%– %G"'j$T '
%k#$K#2$kˆ^$R%%$Š'"^&˜#$T"#$j.e"){h##$j
,$( #&/ ##%$&#(2!.( #*
* !
,."( ".&2!.($)# ##$|
™š›œV•
ž If then6n#$j
ž ,&$% >#%#&2#$ !!" $)#'
 (&$
ž If dùng trong dạng câu suy diễn logic+$T '/$^"
%z]"{"i -6…h '#Œ„%G%i $]{("g *"n *j $
#$Hl '#$#$l"'" %‹%$‚ $ k
ž  ,! ##. &"%." &# #2

$)#/%#"%
ž ,("( #(%$#$&#&%$.2!"
," (% "%&(",,"%.## (&# (
ž ,#$#!&2!$("( >#&$&#/ (&
$ 
ž If shouldAIf happen to A,&$.($//
#("g ]q#&†$T '%$o%%$o +Ÿ#$y/$m &˜
(‰ '&$.(„#y -
ž  ,   &$.(  $//  #  /&&   &/#2
/$/&%.('#&''&
ž +'h $”J $%k#j $%l'$—c%$I%k.€
%$‚##U '-
ž If was/were to Y"g ]q#]"{"i $T '%k#$K#
$R%#H„ '#HI 'k'm '"• '%z]"{"i $T '
%k#$K#„$"i #q"
ž  ,*&&!&7!#%"  !+A",#$
*&&%"  !-2!!.(*" .#*.
ž X$#!.(!(",!&7!#.&[*
ž R%%k#$f("g ]q#h#5.ƒ%$&†$"]H]{ '$ƒ
ž ,!#)%$"*"#2!%.(
&"#(! 
ž +n $)".– '(ƒ%$'$n%‹ $h#%$4#
#$j%$4 '#%k#$f%e ' 'x"]HI%-
ž #6s#4% J#i#]•"$T ']HI%(e ')u"%G%
]h '#Œ#F $#q"$R%%$Š#q '#$G"#H(
ž %#6, !$ 2!.(# 
ž  %%#6,!&7!# !
ž If it + to be + not + for6n$T ')j2 n$T ' $l
)J
ž $l"$"i #q"6

ž ,"#!& >#7! >#,#$%$".( 2#$#%/.
!.( >#$) #$" '##.*#
ž +n$T ')j $_ ']U% #$j)I%$x ' $J
s%$^%k%$i 'jJ k"-
ž $l"cG$U6
ž ,"#$( >#* ,$./2( ># !!$#
#(
ž +n$T ' $l)J&†'"4/]”%‹ $#$j#T"
%‡ '$T '*"n#/$^".J'j]z-
ž k#$f]^.q"6
ž ("# #* ,$./2( ># !!$#
##
ž Not]T"$"]HI%#$y)J $_ ']h '#Œ&]f
*J#t&† '$" 'l2$T '%$o%%$o +k y 
$T '-
ž ! (",!&$.( >#&#$(%##.#

ž #!.(",M&*[%#M!.(+&€.J n\$T '
]HI%(e '# ') )"n#-
ž #!.(**##",#$!.(# )*("
() %
ž +€.J#•#$•  n$}f%$}" 'Hl"#Œ#Hu%-
ž
ž !!.(!,.",#$"&!.($// #
,".
ž +&€%^#$s#$n J n]"{ Jˆ^]•"
)u"'"]j $%$4 '#-
ž If ’d have ’d have6 Ye ' # '  )  k"2  $T '
(e '# ') )"n#2("g ]q#]"{"i $T '#$fˆ^
„cG$U

ž ,>($) ! 2>($)#.(
ž ,&$>($)%' "|($""#!.($)*
, 
ž If + preposition + noun/verb +&*[%#M**ƒ.HI%
*t-
ž  ,  "  (*#2  &  ,  $./  +A  ,      "
(*#2-
ž  ,*##' . '[ 2##$)
'( "'$#&&./+A,*##' -
ž If dùng với một số từ như any/anything/ever/not]f
("g ]q#/$‹]ƒ $
ž  $"&."##.", '()"( %,,." '
&%&
ž +$"&."##.)"( %2",#$"& # 2,
,." '&%&-
ž +ks#‚#*¡ '%$U '){]F*2 nc^.J%k
#$†%-
ž > # ', #$" '2,.."##.&/"&(
ž  +T"$T ''"K (_]zJ%k%$ '#T"%^
#$s$•" 'q% $"y -
ž G%$ k" J%– ("g ]q#5"n Hu#$˜6n%k
ž >(&$!&.",#$2", #$" '
ž +T"ˆ"  k"¡ 'T 's%– $• %^h# 'Hl"
%$2 n%k#$f k"#$n-
ž &.(",)#).*(
ž + $#%$^s$"]" Hu% 'J"-
ž & 2", #.!&2!!"#~% #•& 
!(
ž  +$T '  #$Hl '2  $H '  $T '  /$^"  .J  .T
.T -

ž If + AdjectiveA.#$'$+%$(e.J-
ž '$F$T 'q $*¡ '.#$'$vYe ']f("g ]q#
c ]"f"y '$R%)s ]{'j]k$T 'c #} '
ž "&&#.2",&"/.2"&/.& ##(
ž +N /$ '%‹T '#2%$(e.J]• '"^ 2#$j
]}%%‡ '#$4-
ž $/,"#&2",."##..!#$ .&#>&2&#"
ˆ#.!.#$
ž +OI" $K 2%$(e.J%k#$s/$•  ch#
%$4#2#$j)¢ .Js#.u -
ž s#4% J%k#$f#$*¡ 'may , but
ž "&&#.*&"/.2*#"#"&/.& ##(
0&# not only /(%&/&.#&*#.& 
%&%%"( #&
$456$&#7$a&#76&/(" (" '&#$" '2&/%" 
*%&( #$) '$#"
*T '#$U%# .’*#.&
MNMnot onlyM  7([7()7//&"#" ./$&but
(also)M  7([7()7//&"#" ./$&
M # .MNM*#+.&-MN
*#"& # .#. #(*#.&$ (&+([%#")v
([%#")-
  !"#&  #   .  %%#.  *#  .&  #.  +()*v
()*-
$% /. # .#$'"#*#.&#$)"." +  v
 -
$ # ./.&#$/" *#.&%/&&&"%
+)*v)*-
%…^ '_# .’*#.&
# .MCSC?=@=0C#I]h '#ŒMMNM*#.&

MMN’
# .M#I]h '#ŒMMN*&’.&’
Not only "&$'(#Q '."&$ but $% also (!
)! 
Not only (&$&" '! but $.&/.&&"%.
" &# #&/,%#.
Not only(&$&" '! 2but also$&" '&! 
00~X$( >#/.##$V&"( #>&,,"'$#
!3•&"(#$$&* (
$f ]r"66000
150
$"%$46…h '#Œ&''&#%ks# $"{$j $#$U%]HI%&˜
(‰ '# '"n ' $6
-&''&#]U '#Hu%/&&&&")M' (+&„$_M( $
]h '#Œ-2]HI%(e '%$‹n# ' $_ '#j $$• '# '
#} '2]f k"%$ '%$ '2$T 'G%$Šh# 'Hl"%‰#$f
J6
Q'6&''&#+-& " '"#
*-&''&#]U '#Hu%i $]{( $#Œ%k]h '#Œ]HI%
(e '#$.•"%m$£ .Jh#]h '#Œ 'y #$f2$"
• $y #$p '#$Œ 'h# 'Hl"$R%h# $k 'Hl"
%‰#$f]f $o%#u"$R%'"u"#$"ih#5"n 2]{ '$ƒ2n
$q%$]fˆˆ—#QMMMN 'y #$f6
Q'6$%$"#%#&''&#(#$##$*".(" '*&#(
Q'6 7  0  0           0
07
8,'9*,+:#" 90;'#!
0<)/
suggest that S V#$Hl '%k&*[ %#"))*#$&# '
#$"% Q '."&$2 $H '# 'PQ '."&$2#$Hl '

%k¤&$.(¤#$&suggest that S should V6
=>01$ should exercise¤+'Hl"
 $#$Hl '(e 'should &&''&#(#$#-
%-  …{  %˜2  #"n  %˜+h#  'Hl"-/$e  $I/  )u"  h#  %$U%
)‰$R%'I"5+h#)K#-%k#$f(e '%$‰%]‚%$ J]k6
QMMWM
Q'6Xsuggested him for ,#$/&#," "&#,#$
 #"?@,'A'9 B,C D "
E
F%G
H"/
(-+k ]x2&†)"i%- $o% $„%m ˆˆ—#2%m .J]"{'j
]k2'I"5]"{'j]wˆ^
QMMN
0
$'.)&''&#&#$#  &$  !&
##$&% ,#$%"+?< I J ,J
'A (K.L%M")-
-I"5'"G #"n/2 k"*k ''"k¥$T ' k"#$p '2 k"¦6
QM
N‚  (‰6  ("( §##  $"#.)2 .&''&#("#8,
'0 (!''0, NOP,/
0=$"& /" #" /&(" '1 #%$ '$" (
$f ]r"6#"&&.&&#/&(1" #%$ '$
" (
Ghi chú:
There is no point/sense (in) + gerund (V-ing)6%$p '%k
.5'j$"2
Q'.$§& /" #7& &+" -" !" '+$p '%k.5
'j$"%U..o '-

0C~V.& ( >#(")&,&#2•&"(O"&BO"&
/.((!"#$ ##(")&,&#
$4  56  /.(  +!"#$  &*(-  +#  (  &#$" '-Q

0E!.( #$)&)")(#$/#" 0#$
&" ,.&' 
0LV#$(."##. *# '(# make ends
meet
Chú ý: make (both) ends meet: #    [&#   '$
 #**.#*#$#$" '& (6"n)Œ]‹
#"{ ]f&• '
0d! >#%$ '" (no matter what&
$456T '#$U%H
##M!$7!$#7!$ 7!$7!$7$!M([7()M
MN
##M!$7!$#7!$"%$7!$7!$ 7$!M*[%#M
)*" /& #
0SD%&#$(# "&#&2#$,"." #$
ˆ
N"n#.q"6$(& "&#&#$##$,"." #$
ˆ
Chú ý:
SO …THAT +™’…¨-
6
SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + clause
vG%$ •"%z(e '&’#$#
MHu%([7() n%k#2&2)2c"#2’#$j*t
Mn%k.#,2.#&,#$j/$^"]r"#$J $%$2 
M)"n#.q"#J *hi $]{
Qˆ6

"&)&# '% .",##$*ˆ
vB"&&&# '#$#$% .",##$*ˆ
#.#,,(*%" 
vB#&%$,(#$#$*%" 
*'$#.#&,*&("( ># !!$#/#
#$
vB*'$#& *&#$#$("( ># !!$#
/##$
0? 8 #$ /. ##"&2  #$
%""&
$456&G $—2%T '#$U%.J6
The + so sánh hơn + mệnh đề, the + so sánh hơn + mệnh
đề
#&"&B$$#&2#$,##$"&
=@$(%#')#$/#" #  #
("&%)#$%&,$"&% /&
$456 7;<.9/&7+)2 -6&†&‰/]r
=*"&*##$inequality *#! !  (
 
$456" c."#78a a<!©.;#"76&†*s#%T '
=0  $  .  ,  !  "  &%"#  $&  *  '#.
)# " #$.&#,!&
$456
)#$.&#,!&2" #$.&#,!&6# ')J" 
#„.q"]z
)#$/&#,!&6# ')J" )Œc
)#$&6# ' $_ ' cA$/&#&).
&
 % #&6# ' $_ ' 'm ]z
 #$/&#&6# ' $"{ cAW &

W&6 ' $"{ 
==$&* *(, " '/."#"%.,,"%,
,")&
Chú ý:
bar somebody (from something/from doing
something)#  *    /) #  &*(  ,  (" '
&#$" '
=C$( $"#//&!"# &&
Chú ý:
/.6 #  ,%  &*( #  (  &#$" '¥  #  
&#$" ' %&&
compel somebody to do something8  
0 
=E#"&/'#$#'")&#$(&#"%
.",,#$N"%#" &
+…k.Jh#%$H• '#j $% '%s/h#%G" $j &z&o%){
]l"&• ''"]j $%‹#"f* 'N"%#"-
$456" &"'$#+" #&#$" '-6  (&# (" ',!$#
&#$" '"&."
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" %+'J")"i%%kh#U%.H• '%2 $#)¢ %–
%k#$ $K/%G $z -
/#,%k$"5 '$F
v  "  (("#" #¥  &  ! & R      0
SQ
vˆ%/#,¥TU0
=d$!$.)" '!&0" #$**" '"(&
?@P>
  06 !"/  &*(7&#$" ' # ª,#
/&&")«#  (&#    )  &*(7&#$" '

%/.#.6ˆk&r
7reɪd /6%h%#s %T '*s# 'l
=SX$ #/ #$!" (!&#.# clean air " 3>(
#$("( >#The air" #! "&U00
$456
G%$&˜(‰ 'XOYQ
Would rather… than = Prefer… to +$‚%$’$• .J¥
#$J’$• .J-
would rather/$^"  .J  h#  ]h '  #Œ  'y  #$f
*tto $H '&prefer/$^".Jh#V-ing
N‚(‰6
Vwould rather? W X0 Y
Vprefer? W X0 
Lưu ý:N"i%(e '#$J $ '_ J%– #e)Jh#&•%$‹
'_)J '$F%‹%z
/. 0 (Z [C
¬.q"%z J%$".J0#$l"6
$l"$"i #q"6%$Š(e 'Would rather+$T '%kthan-
T '#$U%
S + would rather + (not) V
0
N‚(‰6
1" would rather go#%.&&#!
1"#$‚%$]n .u/)J 'J"%$U$T '/$^"$T 
0$l"cG$U6%kthan
T '#$U%
S + would rather + have + V
3
than…
N‚(‰6

Vwould rather have gone  
than
1$ #$‚%$]"$}%)J 'J$Tc$•  'J$T 
/S. 0 (\ [C
¬.q"%z J#$J $ '_]HI%(e '.JWould rather
that+Hu%'j-)J%$".J $_ '¢%z $H&6
z'"^]ƒ $
Oq"%z("g ]q#5 'Hl"#$U $s#•  'Hl"#$U0.J
h#)"i%'j]k2 $H '.J$$T '%– #e)J 'Hl"
#$U0
T '#$U%
S
1 +
would rather that + S
2
+ V
0
N‚(‰6
would rather that1 &% #!
T"• 1 &'}"%$#T")J 'J"
-$H '1 &%k'}"$T '#$j%– #e)J1 &
Xwould rather that$##$"&#" 
$4 '#T"•  $s.y %$n #J]k
-}%$Š• )K…G/%$n #J]k$$T '%– #e
)J $s
0…"{"i $T '#$†%$"i ]HI%„$"i #q"+ '$F%‹
%z#G")u"#$†%#n-

…h '#Œ&%$‹ '_0&€%$"„"/./&#2]h '#Œ#*
&€/$^"]HI%%$"#$J $X„#s#%^%G% 'T"

T '#$U%
S
1 +
would rather that + S
2
+ Simple past
N‚(‰6
]would rather that

 Hu%'j*q 'G"j $%‡ '.J# '%e '*h/$K
)u" $s
-$†%#n$}$T '.J%e 'h#*h/$K 
Vwould rather that 
1 Hu%'j'"l.Je]T '
-"l$T '/$^".Je]T '
Lưu ý:
v '%G%%z#y  '$F%‹)n0.T #G")u"#$†%#n„
$"i #q"
vn• #$J $.K/#$f/$‹]ƒ $(e 'Y"( #MN
@
7X
#MN
@
=…"{"i $T '#$f.J]HI%# 'cG$U+'$F%‹
%z.J#G")u"#$†%#n-
 '.q"%z J]h '#Œ„i $]{#$U0&€/$^"]HI%
%$"„V&#/,%#
T '#$U%
S
1 +

Would rather that + S
2
+ Past perfect
N‚(‰6
Vwould rather thatV 
1"Hu%'j$Tc1" ]"$}%
-$†%#n$Tc1" ]w$T ']n .u/)J1".s.J
#"n%){)"i%1" $T ']"$}% 'J$Tc
Lưu ý:
$†%#n '$F%‹to wish)Jwould rather that+$"("g
]q#  Hu%2   '  •  # '  cG  $U-  .J  '"• '  $
$H 'wish]HI%  (e '  # '  #"n '   $  '"  #"n/  $J '
'J– would rather that '#‚ $ƒ%$#‚ $ $"{
$• 
X.(#$+#$‚%$’$• -%k0%T '#$U%%m .H56
-X.(#$M]h '#Œ 'y ¢
Qˆ6!.(#$&#(Q '."&$+#T"#$‚%$$}%#"n ' $
$• -
0-X.(#$Mi $]{+'"^#$j-
i $]{]"&!.(#$/$^"'"^#$jˆ• '+]h '#Œ
'"^ˆ• '%h#-
Q'6
-X!.(#$#$#!.(% # "'$#
#$s# "'$#.J(s$"i%‹#$j#H '."2]G '.€%$".J
!" %  $H ''"^#$jˆ• '#$J $!.(
0-X!.(#$#$#$(% (.&# "'$#
#$s.&# "'$#.J(s$"i%‹#$jcG$U2]G '.€%$"
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