Một số sâu bệnh chính trên cây lúa và biện pháp phòng trừ

S6
NONG NGHIEP
&
PHAT TRIEN NONG THON
TINH BINH
THUAN
CHI
eye
BAO VE
THl^C
VAT
MOT SO SAU
BENH CHJNH
TREN
CAY LUA
VA
BIEN
PHAP
PHONG
TRUT
NAM 2014
DC: 9B
NguySn
Tat
Thanh
-
Phan
Thiet
DT: (062)
3824490
-

3822235
*
Fax: (062)
3835545
PHAN
1
PHAN
BON VA
CACH
BON
NHU CAU
DINH
DITONG CUA CAY LUA
Nhu cau ve so liTcfng: De tao
dxidc
1 ta thoc can 2 kg
N; 0,7- 0,9 kg P2O5; 3,2 kg K2O va 2kg Si. Vi vay, dc dal
nang suat hat 6-7 tan/ ha/ vu can bon cho lua so lifdng
phan bon
nhH
sau: 8-10 tan phan chuong, 100 -120 kg N/
ha, 100 -120 kg P2O5/ ha va 30 -60 kg K2O/ ha. 6 dat phu
sa song Hong, song Cufu Long, kali chifa phai la yeu to
han che nang suat. Dat phen nang, can tang phan Ian len
90 - 150 kg P2O5/ ha (Mai Van Quyen, 1995).
NGUYEN TAC BON
PHAN:
Tuan
thu
nguvcn

tac 4
dung;
- Dung lieu lifdng
- Dung chung loai
- Dung thdi diem
- Dung ky thuat
Nhtfiig
can ctf dc
quvct dinh
bon
phan
cho lua:
- Giai doan sinh triTdng cua cay liia - Thdi tie't, khi hau.
- Dac tinh cua dat - Lifdng va loai phan bon.
- Giong - Bien phap canh tac.
1
Bang so mau bon phan dam cho lua
Thang so mau la lua
chudn
mdi cua
IRRI
cd
4 6,
ddnh
so 2; 3; 4; 5. Thang mau giUa tri so 3 va 4 tiCcfng
duong
3,5 la dqt tri so chudn. Mau la lua d
mvCc
nay la du
dam. Thang mau

dudi
3,5 (lua cay),
dudi
3 (lua sa) can bon
bo sung
phan
cd dam.
Lieu
Irfc/ng bon;
Bon du
miJc
phan can cho cay
trong
de dal
difdc
nang
suat cao va c6 hieu qua
kinh
te. Tuy nhien, tuy Ihuoc
vao
trinh
do tham canh va kha nang dau
tu"
ma mSc phan
bon
cung
phai
thay doi cho phu hdp.
2
Suf

dung phan bon NPK rifeng re: (NPK: 100,
60,60)
So'
Irfgfng
(kg/
ha)
Thiic
Thuc
Gio'ng
Loai
phan
So'
Irfgfng
(kg/
ha)
Bon
lot
drftl
(kg/ha)
dgft2
(kg/ha)
Thiic
dgft3
So'
Irfgfng
(kg/
ha)
(kgAia) 8-12 18-22
38-42
So'

Irfgfng
(kg/
ha)
NSS NSS
Phan
chuong
8.000
8.000
- - -
Ngan
ngay
Ure
217
-
70
97 50
Ngan
ngay
Lan
supe 300 300
- - -
Kaliclorua
120
- 20 30
70
- Chu y: Ddi vdi cdc viing
chua
phen
thi nen
thay

the
phan
lan
supe
bang
lan nung
chdy.
Chung
loai va thcfi diem bon:
Moi
giai
doan sinh
trifcfng
cua cay lua c6 nhu cau
khac nhau ve phan bon. Ruong lua d
giai
doan de nhanh
can nhieu phan dam,
nhifng
bon dam sau
liic
liia
tro de
lam
benh kho van va benh bac la phat
trien
manh. Benh
tiem
lufa
thifdng

phat sinh tren
ruong
bon
thieu
phan.
Gidng lua cd
thdi
gian
sinh trixdng
ngan
(<120 ngdy):
Bon tap
trung,
bon lot sau la chinh.
3
Gio'ng
Ida
thdm
canh
cao (lua lai): Bon lot sau, bon
thuc sdm.
Bon
thuc
cho lua
nham
vao 2
thdi
ky
chinh:
de

nhanh
va lam dong. Thdi
ky
liia
lam dong
c6 the bon
thiic
vao
1 hay
2
ddt (bon don dong
hoac
nuoi dong).
Hicn
tift/ng
lop do cua cay lua
Nguyen
nhdn:
lua lop dd la do bon
nhieu dam,
bon
khong
can
doi dam,
Ian va
kali.
Co
3
nguyen
nhdn

gdy nen
hien
tUcfng
lop, do non:
-
Do dac
tinh
cua
giong.
-
Do
dieu kien ngoai
canh
(thie'u
anh
sang,
mifa
nhieu,
gio bao va
dat qua tot).
-
Do
ky thuat
canh
tac
(mat do, bon phan
va
tU'di
tieu
khong hdp ly),

+ Hicn ttfdng ruong lua Idp: Dien tich
la
qua
cao,
qua
trinh
quang hdp
va
tich luy
chat
kho tien hanh khong diTdc
binh
thtfdng, lu'dng gluxit
d la bi
giam sut,
tiif
do giam kha
nang tdng hdp
protil
cua cay.
+ Hien tu'dng
lua
d(5:
liia
sinh tru'dng
qua
manh,
la
nhieu, than
cao va

yeu.
Do
do,
siJc
chong dd
cua cac dot
ben
dU'di
khong chiu ndi
siJc
nang
cua cac bo
phan tren,
dan den hicn lu'dng
liia
do
non
vao
IrUdc
hoac
sau
liic tro.
4
Bien
phap
phong
chong
lop,
do:
- Chon giong chiu phan

va
chong
do
(thap
cay,
chiu
phan,
la
ngan
hep va
diJng)
-
Bon
phan dam hdp
ly va can
doi vdi Ian
va ka
li.
Hl/CfNG
DAN
Sir
DUNG BANG SO MAU
LA
LUA
1
2 3 4 5 6
1.
L(jfi ich;
- Tiel kiem lu'dng phan bon.
- Dinh dtfdng

cay
liia
can
doi hdn.
-
Doi
tu'dng dich
hai se
giam hdn,
se
giam
chi
phi
phong truf dich hai.
- Nang
suat,
san
lifdng
se cao
hdn.
5
2.
Cach suf dung;
Bon phan theo mau la dung bang so mau la each bon
khoa hoe difa vao nhu eau dam (N) trong eay. ddn gian,
tien Idi, de ap dung ddi vdi nha nong. Difa tren cd scf nhu
eau dam (N) eua cay va kha nang dap iJng cua dat. Gop
phan lam giam ehi phi san xuat, han che
sU"
phat trien eua

sau benh va nga do do khong c6 lifdng dam d\i thiifa trong
cay, dong thdi giam tac hai den moi tru'dng do khong eo
liTdng dam (N)
du"
thiifa trong dat va nguon niTde.
Doi vdi cae giong lua "eham dap iJng" vdi phan dam,
ed mau la xanh nhat (ma tranh) nen ap dung day mau so
3 tren bang so mau lam mau chuan de xae dinh thdi ky
can thie't phai bon them N eho liia. Doi vdi cae giong lua
"nhay cam", dap iJng nhanh vdi phan dam, ed mau la
xanh dam va mau doi mau khi eo bon phan dam, nen dung
day mau so' 4 tren bang so mau lam mau chuan de so vdi
mau la lua. Neu mau la nhat hdn mau chuan la thieu dam
can phai bon ngay, neu dam hdn thi khong can phai bon.
Thdi gian so mau thich hdp doi vdi hau het cae giong
lua ngan ngay hien nay la moi tuan mot Ian (ke tuf ngay
14 sau khi sa hoac cay cho den luc liia tro). Thdi diem so
mau tot nhat la 8:30-9:30 gid buoi sang va nen co' dinh
thdi gian nh\i nhau cho moi Ian so mau. Ngoai ra, khong
nen so trifc tiep du'di anh sang mat trdi ma nen dung non
hoac than ngifdi che tia sang tdi trife tiep. Vi gdc do tia
sang va cu'dng do anh sang ed anh hifdng Idn den kha
nang phan biet mau sac cua ngifdi do.
CACH AP DWG
DAPIOOkg/ba
KCI
30
kg/ha
i
XjtpUnMii

10 14 21 2S .15 42 49
ThMdilmsom^ula
7
PHAN
II
MOT
SO SAU
BENH
CHINH
HAI
LtJA
VA
BIEN
PHAP
PHONG
TRlT
A.
SAUHAILUA:
1. SAU
BUC
THAN
BlJclfM
HAI
CHAM;
Sau
non
due
trong
Rupng
lua bi

than
lua
s^u
dgc
th^n
.1
-
Nhan d^ng:
Bifdm
difc
canh
Irifdc
mau nau nhat,
mep ngoai canh co 8 - 9 cham nho,
bifdm
cai canh
tri^dc
mau
vang nhat co mot cham den rat ro d
giffa
canh,
cuoi
bung
CO
chum
long
mau vang nhat. TriJng de thco o, co
Ictp
long
W mau vang phu ben ngoai, mot d co khoang 50

-
150
tri^ng.
Sau non song trong than lua, dau mau nau,
mlnh
tijf
trang sila den vang nhat. Sau non co 5
tuoi.
Nhong
vang
nhat, nhong cai va nhong
difc
khac nhau
(diTc
nho
hdn
cai) vong ddi 35 - 45 ngay.
-
Tac hai: Sau non nd ra
diic
vao than lua gay danh
heo va bong bac, trong dieu
kien
hien nay sau pha vao vu
Dong
Xuan (thang 2 - 3), vu He Thu (thang 7 - 8), vu
mua (thang 10 - 11).
-
Bien phap phong truf:
+

Bay den khi
bil'dtm
ro.
+
Thuoc hoa hoc: Phun thuo'c khi
hxidm
ro 5-7 ngay
la
bien phap
kinh
te' nhat, cac
loai
thuoc mang
tinh
\\iu
dan
CO
hieu qua cao.
*
Neu bi hai cf lua
difdi
25 ngay
tuoi
thi rai phan bo
sung va dam tia.
*
Giai
doan dong thi co the dung cac
loai
thuoc

lifu
dan
nhif:
Marshal 5G,
Padan
4G, Ga noi 4G, Caradan
5H
9
2.
SAU
CUON
LA
NHO;
-
Nhan d^ng:
Ngai
nho, fnau vang nau, canh c6 hai van ngang
hinh
Ian song, mau tro, mep ngoai cua canh c6
vien
nau
hoac
xam.
Tru*ng
hinh
bau due, mau vang nhat, de rai rac
tren
mat la. Sau non day
siJc
c6 mau xanh la ma, mau

vang
nhat, sau c6 5
tuoi.
Hoa nhong trong bao la
hoac
gan
phia
goc, vong ddi 30 - 40 ngay. , ,
•'14'
'•• '
-
Tac hai:
Sau cuon la lai va an phan chat xanh cua la, g^y hien
tifdng
bac trang la. Sau pha
tijf
ma cho den dong tro, nguy
hiem
nhat la
giai
doan tro neu hi nang nang
suat
se
giam.
Sau pha
lien
tuc cac vu lua trong nam.
-
Bien
phap phong truf:

+
Chi
triif
giai
doan
trifcfe
va sau tro neu mat do cao
(con
cac
giai
doan lua con khong can
thic't
phai phong
trijf).
+
Phun thuoc sau khi bu'dm ro 3-5 ngay la tot nhat.
Co
the dung cac
loai
thudc sau: Proclaim,
Perkill,
Karate,
Vitako
300SC, Ammate 150SC, Prevathon 5SC,
Angun
5WDG
11
3. SAU PHAO;
TrUdng thanh
sdu

phso Sfiu
cu^n
la lua
thanh
Sau
phao
h^i
tren
la lua
nhOng
"phao"
nh6
- Nhan
dang:
BU'ctm
c6
kich thifdc nho, mong manh,
mau trang tuyet vdi dom
mau nau
nhat
d hai
canh,
truTng
mau vang nhat, thiTdng
dc
thanh
1- 2
hang
cl be la gan sat
vdi

mat nifdc.
Sau
non xanh trong, dau mau nau, cuon
la lai
thanh ttog doan nhU" phao,
sau c6 5
tuoi.
Nhong
lam d
nhffng
phao
la
mau nau gan
goc
lua, vong ddi
21 - 40
ngay.
-
Tac
hai:
Sau
non net
ra cat
diJt
tufng doan
la 1 - 2 cm
va cuon tron
lai
thanh
to va

song
d
trong
do, sau do sau
non
leo len la gam
chat
xanh
lam
thanh
vet soc
trang,
nhieu ruong
bi can
trui
la, sau
pha tren ruong nhieu ni/dc,
pha giai doan
liia
tijf
15 - 30
ngay
tuoi
lam
cho cay lua bi
coi
coc.
Trong dieu kicn hien
nay sau pha
quanh nam.

- Bien
phap
phong
truf:
+
Thao
kho nU'dc khi bU'dm ro
5 - 7
ngay
hoac
khi
sau
tuoi
con nho
(phao
con
ngan)
la
kinh
te
nhat.
+ Ngoai
ra,
trong dieu kien
kho
khan
ve
nifdc thi
co
the dijng

cac
loai thuoc thuoc nhom Pyrethroid
c6
hieu
qua
cao.
12
4.
BQ TRi:
B9 trT trUdng thinh Ciy lua bj bQ tn h^i Ru^ng
b|
bQ trf h«i
- Nhan
dang:
Tru'cfng thanh mau den, thon dai,
tuoi
nho
CO
mau
trang vang khong
c6
canh.
Tru'ng
de rai rac
trong
mo la,
khi mdi
nd tap
trung
cf

phan ngon
la lam la
quan lai. Vong ddi
15 - 20
ngay.
-
Tac
h^i:
Bo
tri
la
loai chich hut nhifa
cua la
Ilia
lam
la lua kho
va
top lai, nhin ruong lua mat mau xanh, chung
chi
hai lua
tiif
giai doan
7-30
ngay
sau sa,
trong dieu kien
kho
han bo
tri
hai

nang.
-
Phong
truf:
+ Quan
ly tot
nguon nifdc trong ruong
la
bien phap
phong
Irijf
tot nhat (ruong luon
c6
nifdc
-
khong
de
kho han).
+
Bon
phan ddt
1
sdm hdn
3 - 4
ngay
so
vdi quy
dinh
khi
ruong

bi bo
tri.
+ TrU'dng hdp
can
thiet thi
c6 the
suT
dung
bat
ky loai
thuoc
truf
sau nao
(tranh
suT
dung thuoc nhom
cue
tong hdp
de phong
ray
nau
lai
phat cuoi vu).
13
5.
BQ
XIT DAI;
BQ
xrt trUdng th^nh vd gSy h^i trdn h^t
- Nhan dang: TriTcfng thanh mau xanh hcfi pha vang

nau, thon, dai. Con difc va con cai khac nhau ve kich thu'dc
d phan bung. TriJng mau nau,
de
thanh hang (1-2 hang
khoang
10 - 15
triJug).
Bo xit
non
giong trU'cfng thanh
nhtfng chU'a co canh, vong ddi 30
-
40 ngay.
- Tac h^i: Ca bo xit non va trU'cfng thanh deu chich hut
nhifa hat liia, lam cho hat bi Icp trang, trifdng hdp hat liia da
chin sila thi sau nay thu hoach gao so bj gay khi xay xat, bo
tn gay hai quanh nam nhat la nhifng ruong tro sau ciang.
- Phong
trijf:
- Ve sinh dong ruong, diet truf c6 dai va
ky
chu phu.
- Cay gon thcfi vu. Phat hicn sdm thu gom
6
triJng
de
diet, vcit bat trifcfng thanh.
14
- Dung
ba la

xoan tarn nifdc giai mot ngay,
bo vao
coc cam nhuf bo xit dai den
de
tieu diet.
- Khi Ilia tro, mat
do
cao
thi
mdi phong trCr (khong
phun thudc vao giai doan lua tro bong, phdi mau),
c6 the
dung Ofatox 400EC, Fastac 5EC, Dimenat 40EC hoac
Actara 25WG, phun khi bo xit phat sinh ro.
6. RAY NAU:
Canh
dai
Canh
ngin
Trijfng
15
TnTng nd
tilr
7-9
ngiy
sau khi de
Au trjing
cd
5tu^i
10-16

ngky
Tntdng tMnh
sd^ng
tit
7-9
ng^y
Nhan dang: vach goc lua quan sal phan goc Ihi se
thay ray nau, hoac quan sat mat nifdc se thay xac ray. Ray
trifclng thanh va ray non giong nhau ve hinh dang chi khac
nhau kich thu'dc va canh.
Ray nau c6 hai dang hinh: dang canh ngan (dieu kien
du thiJc an, it thien dich) va ray canh dai (dieu kien giong
khang hoac bat Idi).
O triJng hinh nai chuoi, de trong be la liia, mot ray
cai
CO
the de 150-1.000 trifng.
Vong ddi: 25 - 30 ngay.
- Tac hai:
+ Truyen benh liin xoan la, lua c6.
16
+ Lam giam nang suat tCf 20-80%. Tham chi mat
trang.
+ Ray nau pha hoai cay lua tijf ma - de nhanh - tro
chinh.
+ Lam 6 nhiem moi tru'cfng va tang chi phi phong trijf
(150.000 d - 200.000 d/ha/liTdt phong triif).
Trong dieu kien hien nay, ray nau gay hai ca 3 vu:
dong xuan (thang 1 - 2), He thu (thang 7 - 8), vu mua
(thang9 - 11).

- Bien phap phong
truf:
+ Dung giong khang ray, luon doi giong la bien phap
kinh te' nhat.
-I-
Bien phap canh tac: gieo cay mat do thap, gieo cay
theo lich ne ray, giam bon phan dam, bon phan hcfp ly
+ Bao ton thien dich: khong dung thuoc truf sau qua
sdm, nhat la thuoc nhom cue tong hcfp se lam tai phat ray
nau cuoi vu.
+ Bien phap khac: dung vit con,
+ Bien phap hoa hoc: Suf dung cac loai thuoc dac tri:
Acnipyram 50WP (chetray), Fidur 220EC, Chat 20WP,
Acdinosin 550WG, Oshin 20WP
+ Chu y can an nifcfe vao ruong trU'dc khi tien hanh
phun xit, khi phun xit can phun de thuoc tiep xuc vdi ray.
17
7. SAU BUC BE; (Con goi la dot due be)
NhQng Trifdng th^nh Rupng bf sSu dye
gky
h^i
-
Nhan dang: Tru'dng thanh giong vdi biTcim sau cuon
la nho nhiTng kich thifdc nho hdn, khi dau duoi "choc" len
trdi,
sau non gan giong sau phao, nhifng ehung hau nhif
khong lam phao mdfi (sau phao ngifdc lai). Nhong d trong
phao,
mau vang nau, kich thu'de Idn hdn sau phao.
- Tac hai: Sau non can la liia 2 doan va up lai thanh

phao,
sau nho an la, can be la, sau Idn thi an phan be
thanh nhieu lo thung va due vao trong lam cho lua heo dot
(gan giong sau due than), cho hi hai nang liia se chet
(khong phue hoi du'de). Chung pha tren eac tra lua 15 - 30
ngay sau gieo.
18
- Bien phap phong
truf:
tren cae tra lua tijf 15 - 35
ngay tuoi ncu phat hien thay sau due be thi phai
suT
dung
thuoe hoa hoc (hieu qua nhat la giai doan bu'dm ro 3 - 5
ngay) cae loai thuoe thong thU'dng deu trijf du'dc sau due be
(chu y giai doan nay, khong dung thuoe nhom cue tong
hdp:
Decis, Sherpa, Tiper Vi se gay tai phat ray nau, sau
cuon la giai doan sau).
Ngoai ra tren dong ruong con mot so sau hai khae
dac trifng cho tilfng khu vi/e: Bo xit den, tuyc'n trung re,
muoi nan, cao cao, ray xanh duoi den
9. NHEN GIE; (Benh eqo gid)
Trong nhiTng nam gan day Nhen gie (ten khoa hoe
Steneotarsonemus spinki, ho Tarsonemidae, bo Acarina)
da xuat hien va c6 khuynh hifdng Ian rong ra mot so vung
trong lua d nifdc ta.
Tri^u
chii'ng
nh$n gie g^y h^i trdn tMn va bdng

Nhan dang:
- Nhen c6 kich thi/dc rat nho, mau trang vang hoac
trang trong c6 4 doi chan, rat kho quan sat bang mat
thirdng.
- TriJng rat nho c6 dang hinh qua Irufng, mau trang
hoac mau trang due, de rai rac trong be la.
- Vong ddi la ngan den rat ngan tiif 4 - 7 ngay, tuy
theo nhiet do.
20
Tricu ehitng gay hai:
- Nhen gie co the gay hai d tat ca cac giai doan sinh
trU'Sng va cac bo phan cua cay lua nhu" be la, gan la, gie
Ilia va trong hat lua.
- Giai doan ma: nhen gie hai chu yeu ben ngoai be
hoac vi tri tiep giap giffa be va than cay. Vet hai liic dau
la cac cham mau trang vang, sau Ian rong tao thanh nhCTng
dam trong nhif vet cao gio mau nau hoac nau den.
- Giai doan lua de nhanh den lam dong: nhen gie due
vao ben trong va song d khoang mo be la va gan la, tao
thanh nhieu soc dai mau tim chay doc theo be la, cac soc
nay sau do bi hoai tuf c6 mau tham nau
nhu"
ba trau.
- Giai doan tro dc'n chin: nhen gie gay hai tren nhieu
bo phan nhrfbe la, gan la, than, bong va tren hat. O nhilng
be la phia diTdi va gan la, vet hai tiTdng ti/ nhu" giai doan
de nhanh den lam dong. O nhiJng be la phia tren (be la
dong va be phia du'di la dong), tao nen cac vet cao gio
tham tim. Tren bong lua, gie khong tro thoat, cac hat lua
CO

vet mau tham nau, ben trong v6 trau nhuy hoa bi hai
thui den. Hat lua bi bic'n dang mco mo, lep hoac luTng,
mau nau den lo'm do'm hoac tham den deu tren ca hat. Cac
bong Ilia bi hai thifdng moc thing diJng vi phan Idn so hat
bi lep.
-
SU"
gay hai cua nhen gie thU'dng keo theo sif phat
trien cua vai loai nam nhif Saclocdalium oryzae,
Curvularia sp., Alternaria padwrekii, trong do chu yeu la
nam Saclocladium oryzae gay benh thoi be.
21
Bien
phap quan ly:
-
Luan canh vdi cay ho dau, cat diJt nguon ky chu,
dong
thcfi
lam tang do phi cua dat.
-
Sau khi thu hoach lua, rai rdm dot dong tru'dc khi
lam
dat neu la vung
thifdng
xuyen c6 nhen gie xuat hien.
-
Cay ai phdi dat, ve sinh dong ruong, diet het cac lua
go'c, lua rai.
-
Ap dung chifdng

trinh
3 giam 3 tang. Sa
thifa
hoac
sa hang, bon phan hdp ly.
-
Bao ve thien dich trong ruong lua, mot so
loai
nhen
va ong noi ky sinh c6 kha nang kiem che mat so nhen gie.
Can
chu y qudn ly tot nhen gie cdc
thcfi
ky sau:
Thdi
ky 1: Cuoi
giai
doan lua de nhanh (40 - 50 ngay
sau sa) khi thay ruong c6 5% so danh c6 be la xuat hien
vet cao gio
hoac
vet mau nau den hinh chu" nhat chay doc
be la).
Thdi
ky 2:
Tr\i6c
tro 5-7 ngay khi co
trieu
chiTng gay
hai

cua nhen gie (5% be la dong c6 vc't cao gio
hoac
vet
mau nau den chay doc,
hoac
5% la dong d ben trong
chuyen
sang
mau hdi tham nau).
Khi
thay
trieu
chiJug tren, can phun
trijf
nhen gie
bang Nisorun 5EC,
Kinalux
25 EC, Cartex,
hoac
thuoc
du'cfc dang ky trong danh muc
triJf
nhen gie.
Ltfcfng
ni/dc
phun la 600-700
lit/ha,
nong do
nhif
khuyen cao.

22
B.
BENH
HAI
LUA:
1.
BENH
KHO
VAN:
-
Nguyen nhan gay benh: Do nam Zhizoctonia Solani
-
Trieu
chtfng: Tren be xuat hien cac ve't to, bau due
CO
mau xam sau bac dan, ria vet benh c6 mau nau. Cac
vet benh Idn dan theo
thdi
gian hoa Ian vao nhau khong
dong deu
nhif
da beo.
Benh nang lay Ian len la, ro ret 5
giai
doan lua tro
hay chin, benh nang lam hat Icp. ,
-
Dac diem lay Ian phat trid'n:
-I-
Nam benh kho van ton tai 6 dang hach nam, hach

nam co trong dat ruong lua, cf tan dif thi/c vat
hoac
benh
kho
van xuat hien lay Ian tiif cay lua hi benh truyen
sang.
23
+
Vet benh bat dau
tiif
phan
difdi
cay lua, gan mat
ntfdc
la ndi dau
tien
bi xam nhiem. Neu
thdi
tie't
nong, am,
vet
benh se lay Ian khap be lua, phan go'c cua cay cho tdi
khi
tan la khep kin (phat
trien
chieu ngang).
+
Khi vet benh phat
trien
nang thi no lay Ian theo

chieu
cao cay lua (phat
trien
theo chieu thang diJng) luc
nay benh len den la dong lam nghen dong anh
hifdng
Idn
den nang
suat
Ma.
-
Bien phap phong trtf:
+
Lam dat ky, don
sach
tan
du*
thifc
vat gop phan han
che
su"
lay nhiem bach nam.
+
Khong
CO
giong
liia
nao khang du'dc benh nhu'ng
gieo sa tuyet ddi
vijfa

phai cung han che benh phat
trien
manh.
+
Bon phan can doi (ban che bdn dam cao).
+
Tham dong
thifdng
xuyen, chu y dieu tra vet benh
phan be gdc de kip
thdi
xiJ ly sdm.
+
Dung thudc hda hoc:
Anvil
5SC, Ncvo 330EC,
Validacin
^
Lilu
y: Khi ruong bi benh khong cho
nifdc
ra vao
ruong
de tranh lay Ian.
24
2. BENH BAG
ON:
-
Nguyen nhan gay benh: Do nam
Pyricularia

oryzae.
-
Trieu
chiJng:
+
Vet benh tren la the hien rd net dau
tien
la nhCfng
ddm
nho rat de lam Ian vdi vet benh ddm nau
nhifng
sau
do Ian dan ra dai tdi nhieu cm cd hai dau nhon, ria mep
mau
nau do,
giffa
cd mau xam tro. Vet benh phat
trien
do
lien
ket vdi nhau
cudi
cung lam loan bo la bi chet.
25
+ Benh gay hai ca tren c6 bong c6 nhCfng diem mau
nau xam, vet benh lo dan lam c6 bong hep top, lam tat
difdng van chuyen dinh du'Sng lam cho bong lep trang bi
do nhifng phan than van xanh.
+ Benh gay hai d cac dot than gan go'c lam tho'i hco
ndi bi benh va lam cay bi do.

+ Benh gay hai tren hat the hien nhiTng dom nho
mau nau, nang chuyen Idn dan nau den hoac xam, hat bi
lep hoan toan. v 7^.
- Dac diem lay Ian phat trien:
+ Hat nam (bao tuT) luc nao cung c6 mat tren ruong,
di chuyen nhd gio va nifdc, gap dieu kien thuan Idi nhif
thdi tie't mifa, u am, do am khong khi cao hoac trdi luc ram
luc nang, luc mu'a, luc tanh bao tuf sinh tru'dng va phat
trien lay Ian nhanh.
+ Giong khang difdc benh dao on, bon dam vdi lifcfng
cao cung thiic day benh dao on phat trien manh hdn.
+ Benh hai nang vao vu mua va vu dong xuan thang
11,
12vathang 1,2, 3.
- Bien phap phong
trtf:
+ Bien phap re ticn dau tien la chon giong khang
benh qua Iheo doi nhieu vu va
xuT
ly giong.
+ Xuf ly hat giong bang nu'dc nong 3 soi 2 lanh
(54°C).
+ Ve sinh dong ruong: Cay bijfa ky, ngam u goc hoac
dot sach gdc ra tren ruong vu trU'dc c6 benh.
+ Bon phan can doi, han che bon dam cao.
26
+ Khi lua bi benh ngijfng bon dam, kali.
+ Dung cac loai thuoc dac tri: Vista 72.5WP, Ninja
35EC,
Fuji-one 40EC, Beam 75WP

3.
BENH VANG LA;
Trieu chitng benh vdng
Id
27
- Nguyen nhan:
Do vi khuan Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae
Pseudomonas setariae pv. oryzae.
- Tricu chufng:
+ Ban dau liif phan giCfa la len phien la c6 nhCfng vcl
bcnh hinh Iron ral nho hoac hinh bau due rat nho c6 mau
xanh dam, vang nhal hoac nau do. Sau do vet benh phal
irien ral nhanh keo len phia tren dinh la va mau la lua
phan bcnh vang nhal dan len phia Iren.
+ Benh nang cac la ua vang va kho 6 phan ngon.
+ Lua chet la nguon benh lay Ian nhanh tren ruong
kc'l hdp vdi ntfolc ruong la nguyen nhan chinh lam cho
benh vang la lua phal sinh, phal Irien nhanh.
+ Trdi nang nong, am do cao c6 mifa Idn kem theo
gio benh phal Irien nhanh.
+ Ruong xanh lot, bon phan khong can doi, dam cao
benh cang phat Irien nhanh.
- Bien phap phong
trijf:
+ Khong suf dung hat giong Iru'dc do da hi nhicm benh.
+ Xuf ly hal giong.
+ Gieo sa lu'dng giong viifa phai.
j + Lam ve sinh dong ruong, sach c6 dai, lua chet.
+ Bon phan can doi.
+ Dung Ihuoc hoa hoc: Xanlocin 40WP, Slrepgold

70WP, Kasumin 2SL Slarner 20WP
28
4.
BENH LEM LEP HAT;
Trieu chiing henh lent lep hat
- Nguyen nhan gay benh: Benh lem lep hal do mot
nhom cac vi sinh vat gay hai, Irong do c6 09 loai nam gay
benh lem lep hat, tap Irung chu yeu 04 loai sau:
29
+
Helminthossporium oryzae.
+
Fusarium
momliforme.
+
Alternaria
pad Wiekii.
+
Curvularia
lunata.
-
Trieu
chitng benh: Benh gay hai tren hat, luc dau
la
mot cham den nho sau do Ian to dan, nhe thi lua bi lem
den, nang ca hat lua, hat gao bi tham den.
Benh
gay hai tren lua thu hoach chiTa tuo't
hoac
da

tudt
con danh dong chtfa
phdi,
lam chat
lifdng
gao nhanh
chong do nhiet do va am do thuan Idi benh phat
trien.
-
Dac diem lay Ian va phat trid'n benh:
+
Thdi
tiet nong am, mu^a nhieu tao dieu
kien
benh
lay
Ian, phat
trien
manh. Do do vu He thu, vu Mua benh
lem
lep hat nang
hcfn
vu Dong Xuan.
+
Benh lem lep hat gay hai tren cac giong c6 khac nhau.
+
Ruong bon phan khong can ddi, dam cao, thieu Ian
kali
thi benh cung de gay hai.
-

Bien phap phong truf:
+
Chon gidng lot khang benh qua theo doi cac vu
triTdc.
+
Bon phan can ddi giup cay khoe, khang benh tdt.
+
O cac vu, thiJa ruong thu^dng bi lem lep hat can chu
y
phong
tru"
benh dom nau, vang la, kho van
+
Thudc hoa hoc: suf dung cac
loai
thudc da tri nhu":
Nevo
330EC,
Anvil
5SC, Azofenco 325SC, Tepro -
Super
300EC phun tru'dc va sau trd 5 - 7 ngay.
30
PHAN
III
CO
DAI VA
BIEN
PHAP
QUAN

LY CO
TRONG
RUONG
LUA
Theo
dinh
nghia: "Co dai Id
nhCtng
loai
thuc vat moc
d
nhitng nai md con ngUdi khong mong doi". Co dai la mot
trong
nhffng
loai
dich
hai quan trong tren lua va nhieu
loai
cay trong khac. Thiet hai do c6 gay ra c6 the rat Idn neu
nhu"
khong cd bien phap phong
truf
thich
hdp.
1.
Hid'u
bie't ccf ban ve c6 d^i
Tdc
hai cua cd dai:
-

Lam giam nang
suat
va pham chat cua cay trong:
do cd bo re phat
trien
rat manh, phan Idn du'dc phan bd d
Idp
dat mat nen de dang canh tranh vdi cay trong ve
dinh
du'Sng, anh
sang
va nifdc lam cho cay trong khong du dieu
kien
sinh song nen sinh
triTdng
va phat
trien
kem, cho
nang
suat
thap, pham chat nong san giam.
-
La ky chu cua sau benh: Cac cay c6 dai cung ho cd
nhffng
dacdiem .gidng cay trong la nhGng ky chu phu rat
tdt
cho sau benh.
-
Lam tang chi phi san xuat:
nh\i

tdn cong lam c6,
diet
CO
bang hoa chaft
1.2. Nhom
CO
chinh tren ruong Ida
-
Nhom
CO
ho hda ban: la hep dai, gan la song song,
than
trdn,
rong, la moc
ditng
va moc thanh 2 hang doc
theo than: c6 long
vifc,
duoi phung, c6 chi niTdc,
31
- Nhom
CO
ho chdc Idc: \a moc thanh 3 hang moc Iheo
than, than thifclng ciJng va c6 3 canh: c6 chac, c6 lac ran,
CO
chao,
CO
nang,
- Nhom
CO

Id rong: la thifdng rong, da dang, gan la
sap xep theo nhieu each khac nhau nhifng khong song
song:
CO
xa bong, rau bd, rau mac bao,
Co l6ng \\ic Co duoi phyng
L
()
tiiao Rau mac bao
2.
Phong trijf co dai
2.1.
Bien phdp phong:
- Khong de c6 tao hat tren ruong
32
- Suf dung giong khong Ian hat c6
- Ve sinh nong cu sach c6 trU'dc khi stir dung
- Dung phan hifu cd da u hoai.
- Dijng liTdi chan hat co khi cho nU'dc vao ruong.
2.2. Bien phdp tr^:
- Co the nho co bang tay, lam dat, suf dung
nU'dc
thich
hdp va dung thudc hoa hoc. Hien nay, viec suf dung thuoc
hoa hoc de diet triJf co difdc coi la bien phap hffu hieu nhat
vi no tiet kiem du'dc cong lao dong, co the suf dung nhanh
chong tren dien rong va du'dc siJ dung d nhieu thdi diem
khac nhau, khong ciTc nhoc, vat va nhifcac biep phap lam
CO
khac. ^

3.
Phan loai thuoc trijf co
- Thuoc trii
CO
tien nay mam: la nhifng loai thuoc suf
dung khi co chifa moc hoac mdi moc du'dc mot la, loai
thuoc nay phai phun sdm sau khi sa lua khoang 1-3 ngay,
can trang bang mat ruong va dat du am. Sau phun vai
ngay cho nifdc vao ruong (3 - 5 ngay), khong de ruong kho
sau khi phun thuoc. Mot so' loai tren thi trifdng
nhif:
Michelle 62EC, Solit 3()0ND,Venus 300EC, Bebu 30WP
- Thuoc trii
CO
hqu nay mam: la nhifng loai thuoc suf
dung thuoc khi co da co la that tiif 1-7 la tifdng iJng vdi lua
da sa du'dc 3 - 20 ngay. Loai thudc nay du'dc la hoac re co
hap thu vao ben trong, do do khi suf dung, ruong phai thao
can nifdc de la co tiep xuc difdc vdi thudc. Phun thudc
33
xong
1-3 ngay cho
nifcfc
vao ruong (khong de nifdc
ngap
ngon lua) va
giff
mufc nufdc trong ruong phu hdp vdi
giai
doan sinh

trtfclng
cua lua. Mot so san pham nhif: Nominee
lose, Nominee 100 OF, Bisben 9150D, Clincher lOEC
4.
Mot so' li/u y khi suf dung thuoc truf c6
4.1 Bon dung
trong
sti dung thuoc
trii
co:
1.
Dung loqi thuoc co lua:
trifdc
tien phai biet nhom
CO
nao xuat hien chu yeu tren ruong. Neu tren ruong co
CO
ho a ban thi dung thuoc chuyen
tru*
co ho a ban. Neu
ruong
CO
nhom co coi lac va la rong chiem da so thi
dijng
thuoc
trijf
coi lac va la rong. Neu ruong co ca 3 nhom thi
diang thuoc diet co pho rong
2.
Dung lieu luang: so vdi thuoc

trijf
sau,
truf
bcnh thi
thuoc
truf
CO
de gay ngo doc cho cay lua hdn. Do do can
pha du lu'dng nifdc trong moi binh
nhU"
khuyen cao tren
nhan va du the
tich
nifdc phun cho moi ddn vi dien
tich.
3. Dung luc
(diing
thdi diem): can
tuan
thu
theo
khuyen cao cua
tuTng
loai
thuoc de phun rai cho
dung
giai
doan
sinh tru'dng cua co dai.
+

Vung chu dong difdc nifdc: nen chon nhilng
loai
thuoc
truf
CO
tien nay mam nhif: Michelle 62EC, Sofit
300ND,
Map famix 30EC,
Ronstar,
Meco,
+
Vung khong chu dong difdc
nU'dc:
nen chon nhifng
loai
thuoc
truf
co hau nay mam nhif: Nominee lOSC,
Nominee, lOOOF, Bisben 9150D, Sirius lOWP, Topgun
700WP, Clincher lOEC
34
4. Dung each: tuy
theo
dac
tinh
ciia
thuoc co la lu\
dan qua than la
hoac
hap thu qua re ma can tuan thu

theo
yeu cau ky thuat cua
tijfng
loai
thuoc khi phun.
Liiu
v; Khong co
loai
thuoc
truf
CO
nao la tot neu
khong tuan thu nguyen tac 4
diing.
Dac biet la cac dieu
kien
tru'dc khi phun rai va sau khi phun rai phai dung
theo
hiTdng
dan tren bao bi cua moi
loai.
4.2. Ky
thuqtsAdung
thuoc
triicd
tien
nay mam
tren
ruong Ma
*

Yen cau:
TrUdc
khi phun
-
Mat ruong phai bang phang
-
Am do cua ruong phai du de phun thuoc (bun nhao)
-
Ruong phai chu dong difdc
nU'dc
de cho nifdc vao
sau khi phun 3 - 5 ngay
-Lu'dng
nU'dc
va thuoc phun phai dam bao
theo
khuyen cao.
Khi
phun
-
Phai phun
ifdt
deu mat ruong
-
Chu y khong phun chong Idi
Sau
khi phun
-
Cho ntfdc vao ruong 3-5 ngay sau khi phun
-

Tranh de ruong niJt ne
*
Thofi
diem
xti ly: phun xit vao
thdi
diem 1 - 4 ngay
sau khi gico sa
• Chiu trach nhiem xuat ban:
TRAN MINH TIEN
- Chi cue
trtfcfng
• Bien tap va bien
soan:
Phong ky thuat
• Cliay phep xua't ban so:
11/GP-STTTT
do Sd Thong tin va
Truyen
thong Binh Thuan cap ngay
28/4/2014
• Kich thu-dc: 14,5 x 20,5 cm • So'lu-dng: 1.000 ban
• In xong va nop
lull
chieu thang
5/2014
• In tai: Cong ty Co phan In va Bao bi Binh Thuan
(Dia chi: 77 V6 Thi Sau, Binh
Hu-ng,
Phan

Thiet, Binh Thuan)