kỹ thuật mới giải nhanh bài tập hóa học tập 2 vô cơ

546.076
K600T
CtJ
THANH TOAN
NGUYEN
NGOC OANH
KYTHUATMdfl
GIAINHANHBAITAP
HOA HOC
I
I
114 4
4
i
i i
4
'
wo'c
lOnil ,
f
B
TAP
2
HOA HOC
VO CO
^
^ -
Tuyen chon
cac
ky thuat
giai

nhanh
ve
7 chuyen
de hoa
v6
ca
-
Danh
cho hoc
sinh
\6p 10,
11, 12
va
luyen
thi DH
- CD
OCR]
NHA XUAT BAN
DAl
HOC i^UOC GIA HA NOT
"XU
THANH TOAN
NGUYEN
NGOC OANH
KYTHUATMOfl
GIAINHANHBAITAP
HdA HOC
TAP
2
HOA

HOC
V6 CO
-
Tuyen chpn cac
ky
thuat
giai
nhanh ve
7 chuyen de hoa v6 ca
-
Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10,11,12 va
luyen
thi
DH - CD
NHA XUAT
BAN DAI
HOC QUOC GIA
HA NOI
L6INOIDAU
Cac
ban
ddng
nghidp
va cac em hoc
sinh than
m6'n!
Trdn
CO
so
phan tfch

kl
luong
cac n6i
dung kien thiic
v^ ki
nang
nam
trong khung chuong trinh
thi, ca'u
true,
ma
tran
d6 thi va cac
dang
bai tap
thucmg
gap
trong
da thi
tuyen sinh
dai
hoc, cao dang ciia B6
GD -
DT, chung
toi
da
biSn soan
tap
sach: "Kithudt
moi

gidi nhanh
bai tap Hod hoc"
Cu6'n sach
mof ra m6t co h6i cho
giao vian
va cac em hoc
sinh nhin
nhan
lai mot
each
sau sac va
toan dien
cac da thi
tuyan sinh
DH - CD ki tii
khi
ap
dung hinh thiJc
thi
trac nghiem, tilr
do
giao vian
c6
dinh hirdng dung
dan
cho cac em hoc
sinh
va
miic
do

kien thiic
va cac
dang
bai tap; con cac
em
hoc
sinh
se
vihig vang,
tu tin hom de di
tran
con
duomg
den
c6ng truong
Dai
hoc ma
minh
mo
udfc.
Tac
gia
cung khdng quan gili
gam
vao eu6'n sach
cac
phuong phap giai
hay, giai nhanh, nham giiip
cac em ren
luyan

ki
nang giai nhanh
cac
dang
bai
tap
trong
di
thi
tuyen sinh
DH - CD.
Cuon sach
se la
nguori
ban
d6ng
hanh than thia't vdri
cac em hoc
sinh trong
qua
trinh chinh phuc nhiing dinh
cao vinh quang ciia
tri
thiic; cuon sach
se la tai
lieu
qui cho cac ban
d6ng
nghiep trong
qua

trinh giang
day.
Da' cuon sach hoan thian
hon, ra't
mong nhan duoc
su
dong
gop y
kia'n
chan thanh ciia
cac ban
d6ng nghiep
va
ciia
cac em hoc
sinh.
Chuc
cac em dat
dirge nhiau thanh tich
cao
trong
cac ky thi sap t6i.
Xin tran trong
cam
cm !
'
*
TAC
GIA
Nhd Sach Kkang Viet

xin
tran trong giai thieu
toi Quy doc gid vd xin
long
nghe moi y kien ddng
gop de
cuon sach ngdy cdng hay hon,
bo
ich
hon.
Thu xin
gtH
ve:
Cty TNHH
Mot
thanh vien
-
Dich
Vu Van Hoa
Khang Viet.
71-
Dinh Tien Hoang, Fhuimg Dakao, Quan
1,
TP
HCM.
Tel:
(08)
39115694
-
39111969

-
39111968
-
39105797
- Fax:
(08)
39110880
Email:
C.
KI
THUAl GSAl
NHANH
7
CHUVeN
HOA VO CO
CHUYEN ©11: KT THUAT ©SAI
NHANH
cAc
D^m BAI
TJSip
yg
HALOGEN
A.
LI
THUYI^T
1.
DAC
DI£M CIJA
CAC
NGUVfiN

T6
HALOGEN
Flo Qo Brom lot
(F) (CI) (Br) (I)
ca'u
hmh electron 16p
ngoai
Cling
2s^2p'
3s^3p'
4s'4p' 5s^-5p'
Ban kinh
nguyan tif
0,64A°
0,99A°
1,14A°
1,33A°
D6 am
dien 3,98. 3,16 2,96 2,66
Ai lire electron
3,58
eV.
3,81
eV
3,56
eV
3,29
eV
Nang lugmg
ion hoa

thif nhatl,
(eV)
17,42
12,97
11,34
10,45
Nang luong
lien
ket
(kJ/mol)
159
242
•
192
150
Nhiat d6 nong chay
("C)"
-219,6
-101,0
-7.3
113,6
Nhiat d6 s6i
("C)
-188,1
-34,1 59,2 185,5
Tiang thai
(dkt)
khi
khi
long ran

Mau
sac
luc nhat vang
luc
do
nau
den
tim
Mui rat
d6c
Xoc hdi
kh6ng
miJi
Ham
iKong
(% s6'
nguydn
tir)
0,02
0,02
3.10-*
4.10-'
II.
TINH
CHAT
HOA HOC CUA DON
CHAT
F2
Br,
I2

Vdikim
loai
-
Tac
dung
vod
tat ca cac kim
loai (ca Au,
Pt, )
-
Phan ling toa
nhiet manh
nha't.
-
Tac
dung
v<5ri
h^u he't
kim
loai.
-
Phan ihig
toa nhi^u
nhiet.
-
Tic
dung
vdi
hdu he't kim loai.
-

Phan umg toa
nhiet It hon clo.
-
Tac
dung
vdri
kim loai cf
nhiet d6 cao
hoac cin xiic
tac.
Vdikim
loai
2E
+ nX, >
2EX„
Vdfi
hidro
(H2)
Phan
ling nS
manh
ngay
b -
ZSZ^C,
trong
bong
t6'i.
Phan
ihig nS
khi

chia'u
sang
hoac dun
nong.
Phan
ling xay ra
a
nhiet d6 cao,
kh6ng n6.
Phan
ling chi
xay ra a nhiet
d6 cao, thuan
nghich.
Vdfi
hidro
(H2)
H,
+
X,.
2HX (X: F, Q, Br)
H,
+ I, ^ 2HI
Vdri
nude
(H2O)
2F2
+
2H2O
-> 4HF + O2

0
-1 +1
X2
+ H2O HX + HXO
Phan
ling kho dSn
tiir
CI,
d6'n I,
Vdi
dung
dich
ki^m
2F,+
2NaOH„„,„3,
->2NaF
+
OF.+ao
CI,
+
2K0H
->KC1 +
KCIO
+ H2O
3a, + 6K0H
5KC1
+ KCIO3
+3H2O
3X,
+

6KOH
>
5KX +
KXO3
+ 3H,0
Vdri
mu6'i
halogenua
Khi
F, kh6 khur
duoc
Cr, Br, I
trong
rnu6'i
nong chay:
F2
+
2NaCl,„^„g
(.^ij,,
2NaF + O2
Khir
duoc
Br
,
I
trong
dung
djch
mu6'i:
CI,

+2KBr
^2Naa
+
Br,
Khu
duoc
r
trong
dung
dich:
Br,
+2NaI
2NaBr +1,
Kh6ng
Phan
ling.
Chi
the'
hien
tfnh
khijr
Kh6ng
CO
Br,
+5a, + 6H,0
->2HBr03
+
lOHQ
i,
+ 5a,+

6H,0^
2HIO3
+
lOHCl
Nhan xet
F2
>
CI2
> Bo > h J
Tinh
oxi hoa
gi5m
dan
4
III.
DI^U cut
TRONG
PH6NG
THI NGHlfeM VA
SAN
XUAT
TRONG
C6NG
NGHIEF
Nguyen
tac
chung:
Oxi hoa ion
halogenua
thanh nguyen tir:

2X"
> X2 + 2e
F2
CI,
Br,
I2
Trong
phong
thi
nghiem.
Kh6ng dilu che'
Cho
dung
djch HX dSc tac
dung
vdi chat oxi hoa
(MnO,,
PbOj,
KCIO3,
KMn04, ):
4HX + MnO, X, + MnXj +
2H2O
Trong
c6ng
nghiep.
Dien
phan nong
chay
(lOfC)
h6n

hop
KF
+ 2HF:
2HF
->F2 +H,
Dien
phan
dung
dich
NaQ
cd m^ng
ngan:
2Naa
+ 2H,0
-> Cij +
H2
+
2NaOH
Sau khi phoi
nudrc bien d^
la'y NaCl,
ph^n con lai
chiia
nhidu
NaBr:
NaBr
+CI2
->
2Naa
+ Br2

Rong bi^n kh6
-^tro
—^^^'^
>
dung
djch c6 Nal.
2NaI +
CI,
I2
+ 2NaCl
1, Trong
phong
thi nghiem:
4HX<d)
+ MnO,
.0
•
* MnX, + X2 + 2H,0
16HX(,, + 2KMn04 > 2KX + 2MnX2 + X, + SH^O
6HX<a) +
KCIO3
->
KCl
+ 3X, + 3H2O
.0
2NaX + MnO, +
2H,S04(d)
-i-^
X2 +
MnS04

+
Na2S04
+
2H2O
(X
la
CI,
Br, I)
2. Trong
cong
nghiep:
2Naa
+
2H2O
t
rudrc day:
> Cl,t + H^t + 2NaOH
m&ngngin
4HC1 + 0, <:
xt,t"
±
2C12 + 2H20
2NaBr + QX.jy^^^) —^ Br2 + 2NaCl
2NaI +
Cl„
dd
2(vta
All)
> I, +
2Naa

IV.
CAC HIDRO HALOGENUA VA
AXIT
HALOGENHIDRIC
(HX)
Nhidt
d6 s6i
(°C)
D6 tan trong
1 lit
nude
(bOPC)
HF
19,5
Tan v6 han
HCl
-85,1
500
lit
HBr
4-66,8
600 lit
HI
-35,4
425 lit
Tinh
axit
cua dd HX
Yiru
Manh

Manh hom
HCl
Manh hon
HBr
Tac dung
vdi
dd
AgNOj
Khong
AgCU
trdng
AgBri
vang
nhat
Agli
vang
Tdc dung
voi
Si02
SiO^ +
4HF
->
SiF4 +
2H2O
Kh6ng
phan
Ung.
Tdc dung
Vdri
O2

Kh6ng
phan
ung.
4HC1,„
+ 0,(,,
CU
+2Hfi
4HX<,„)
+ O,
(kk)
-> 2X2 + 2H2O
Tac dung
v6i
H2SO4
dac
Kh6ng
phan
ling.
2HBr
+
H2SO4
-> Br2 +
SO2+
2H2O
SHI +
H2SO4
41,
+ H,S
+
4ao

Nhan xet
HF
HCl HBr HI
Tinh
axit tang din, tinh
khuf
tSng dSn
CaF,,,)
+
H2SO,
4(d)
2HFt +
CaSOai
Di^u
ch6' va
san xua't
2Naa„
+
H2S04(a)
l">400"C ^
2Ha +
Na2S04
H2(k)+ CI
•'2(k)
>2HC1
(k)
RH
+ CI2 ->
RCl
+ HCl

PX3
+ 3H2O
^3HX
+H3PO3
Thuc
te:
3X2 + 2P +
6H2O
—^>
6HX
+
2H3PO,
V.
MUOI
HALOGENUA
Mu6'i
florua
Mu6'i
clorua
(CD
Mu6'i
bromua
(Br)
Mu6'i
iotua
(D
Ti'nh
tan
-
D6u tan

(trif
CaFj, )
-
Da s6' tan
(trir
AgCl,
PbCl,, )
-
Da s6' tan
(li
ij
AgBr,
PbBr2, )
-
Da s6' tan
(triif Agl, Hgl,,
Pbl,,
Mnlj).
Mu6'i
AgX.
Tan, mau
trSng.
Kh6ng tan,
mau trang.
Kh6ng tan,
mau vang
nhat.
Kh6ng tan,
mau vang.
Phan

ling
vori
halogen
Kh6ng xay
ra.
F2 + 2C1 („6ngchdy)
-> 02 + 2F
CI2
+ 2Br-,,,,
^ Br2
+ 20"
CI,
+
2r„„
->
I2
+ 2a-
Br2
+ 2r„d)
->
I,
+ 2Br
Phan
iJng vod
H,S04
dac
CaF2
+
HiSOiij)
250^

C
^
NaCV,+
H2S04<„
<2.'>0°C
^
2NaBr„y +
H2SO4,,)
->
Br,
+ SO, +
HJO
+
Na2S04
SKI
+
5H2S04,a,
4I2
+ HjS +
4K2Sb4
+ 4H,0
Phan
iJng vod
H,S04
dac
2HFt +
CaS04
r
HClt+
NaHS04

2NaBr„y +
H2SO4,,)
->
Br,
+ SO, +
HJO
+
Na2S04
SKI
+
5H2S04,a,
4I2
+ HjS +
4K2Sb4
+ 4H,0
Phan
ling
vdd
Khong xay ra
Khdng xay ra Kh6ng xay ra
2FeCl3
4 2KI
2Fea,
+1,
+
2KC1
Phan
iJng voi
O3
'Kh6ng xay

ra.
Kh6ng xet.
Kh6ng xet.
O3
+
2KI
+
H2O
I2
+ 2KOH
+
0,
Trang
thai
tif
nhiSn
-
Quang
florit
(CaF,),
criolit
(Na3AlF,),
-
Mu6'i
an
(NaCl).
- KCl,
CaCi,,
NaBr
(nude

bi^n)
Nal
(rong bi^n)
Nhan
biet
(bang
AgN03)
Kh6ng xay
ra.
Ag^
+ cr
->Aga>l
trdng
Ag^
+ Br-
AgBri
vang
nhat
Ag*
+
I"
Agli
vang
7
VI.
HOP CHAT C6 OXI CUA HALOGEN
Nudrc
Javen
Clorua vol
Muoi

kali
clorat
Thanh
phan
NaCl
+ NaClO
+ H2O
CaOCU:
-1 +1
CI
- Ca - 0 - CI
KCIO3
Dieu
Che
*Cl2 + 2NaOH„„,„,,
NaQ + NaQG
+ H2G
*
Didn
phan dung
dichNaa(15-20%)
6 dieu kifenthucmg,
khdng
CO
mang ngan.
* CI, + Ca(OH)„^,
+ H2O
* CI, + Ca(OH),
(v6i
sOa)

-jf^ CaOCl,
+ H2O
* 3C1, + 6KOH —^
5KC1 + KQOj + 3H,0
* Di6n phan dung dich
KCl
25%anhia
d6
70°C - 75°C.
* 6C1, + 6Ca(OH),
—->
Ca(C103),
+ 5CaCl, + 6H,0
Ca(C103)2
+ 2KC1
2KC103i
+Caa2
Tinh
chat
- Tinh oxi hoa
manh:
4NaaO
+ PbS ->
PbS04
+ 4NaCl
- La mu6'i ciia ax
it
ra't y€u:
Nacio + CO, + ao
-^HClO

+ NaHcbj
- Tinh oxi hoa
manh:
CaOCl, + 2HC1
——>
CaCl, + a, + H2O
- Trong kh6ng khf
2CaOCl, + CO,
+ H,0
->CaC03
+ CaCi, +
2HC10
- Kem ben
nhifit:
2KCIO3 —^
2KC1 + 30,T
- Chat oxi hoa manh:
5KCIO3
+ 6P ->
5KC1 +
3P2O5
KCIO3
+ 6HC1 ->
KCl
+ 30, + 3H,0
tfng
dung
- Sat trung
- T^y trSng sod, vai,
gia'y.

- Tiy trSng soi, vai,
gia'y.
- T^y u6' chu6ng
trai,
c6'ng
ranh, h6'
rac.
-
XiJr
ly
chat
d6c,
tinh
che' dSu mo.
- Thudc n6,
ditm.
- Diiu che O, trong
phong thf nghidm.
B. CAC DANG BAI TAP TRONG DE THI TUYJ^N SINH DH - CD
Dang
1: Xdc
dinh
chat
(halogen,
muoi
halogenua,
kim
loqi)
1.
Li thuyet van dung va phuomg phap giai:

* D6' giai cac bai tap dang nay c6 th^ sir dung cac phuomg phap giai nhanh:
. Phuong phap xac
dinh
chat
dua vao cong thiirc
tinh
phan tur
khoi:
Gia six c6
chat
cho electron la A. Ta c6:
m.
ke
k
Vay:
m
MA ^ '
ne(cho)
Trong do: m^:
Khd'i
lucmg
chat
A (gam)
M^:
Khd'i
luong mol
chat
A (gam)
k:
s6' electron do m6t nguyen tir A nhucmg

n^
(cho)-
s6' mol electron do toan bo luong
chat
A nhircJng. \
+ Dua vao cac dir
ki^n
bai ra cho, xac
dinh
diroc cac dai lirong m^, k, n^fcho)-
+ Tinh gia tri M^.
+ Tir phan tir khoi xac
dinh
duoc cha^ cin tim. f
Phirong phap trung binh: C6ng thiic
tinh
nguyfin tir kh6'i trung bmh ciia hai
— m
kim
loai
lidn
tife'p trong ciing mot nhom A: M =
hh
^hh
It.
+ Tinh cac luong
chat
da cho trong bai ra.
+ Viet phuong
trinh

hoa hoc (so d6 hoa hoc) six dung ki hi6u trung binh.
+ Tinh dai lucfng trung binh thich hop.
+ Rut ra kd't luan va
tinh
cac dai luong theo ydu c^u.
Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan umg oxi hoa
khir,
t6ng s6' mol
electron do
chat
khir cho phai
diing
bang t6ng s6' mol electron do chait oxi hoa nhan:
E e (cho) = S e
(nhan)
n,h„. N,
,ho
=
n„hj„.
N, „^,„
Trong do: n^ho-
"nhan
l^n 'ifcrt la s6' mol nguyen tir
chat
nhircmg, nhan electron (s6'
mol
nguyen tir
chat
khir,
chat

oxi hoa).
Nccho.
N,
„hj„
\in luot la s6' electron m6t nguyen
tur
chat
khir nhuomg, m6t nguyen
tijr
chat
oxi hoa nhan.
+ Viet cac qua
trinh
oxi hoa, qua
trinh
khir (kh6ng cin vie't phuong
trinh
phan
ling
oxi hoa -
khir).
+ Dat in, dua vao djnh luat bao to^n electron lap duoc phuong
trinh
dai s6'.
Giai
he phuong
trinh,
xac
dinh
duoc M =>

chat
cin tim
Q
- Phuong phap bao loan khoi lucmg: Trong mdt phan ung hoa hoc, tdng khO'i luong
ciia cac cha't san phsim bang long khO'i liromg cua cac chat tham gia phan ling.
Gia sir c6 phan ung: aA + bB cC + dD
Iheo
djnh luat bao toan
kh6'i
luong ta c6:
niA
+ nig = nic +
Ap dung: Trong mot phan ung, c6 n cha't {ki ca chat phan ling va san pha'm), n6'u
biet
kh6'i
luong ciia (n - 1) cha't thi
tinh
duoc
khd'i
lucmg cua
ch&t
con lai.
* Mot s6' n6i dung cin chu y:
- Cac kim loai c6 nhieu hoa tri (Fe,
Cr, )
tac dung voi CI2, axit HCl tao ra mu6'i
clorua kim loai
CO
hoa tri khac nhau: ' " "
2Fe + 3a >

2FeCl3
Fe + 2HC1 -> FeQ, + H,
- Cac dung dich mudi halogenua nhu mu6'i clorua, bromua, iotua d^u tac dung voi
AgNOj,
con muoi florua khong tac dung
duoc
voi dung djch
AgNO,:
. NaF +
AgNOj:
Khong xay ra
NaCl
+
AgNOj
Agai
+
NaNOj
NaBr
+
AgNOj
^ AgBri +
NaNO,
Nal +
AgNO,
Agll +
NaNO,
Vi
vay cac bai tap h6n hop mu6'i halogenua tac dung vdri dung dich
AgNOj
tao

ra
ke't
tiia
cSn chia hai trucmg hop d^ giai.
2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
Thidu 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,1 gam h6n hop gom m6t kim loai kiim X va m6t
kim
loai ki6m thd Y (Mx < My) trong dung djch HCl du, thu
duoc
1,12 lit khi
H,
(dktc). Kim loai X la
A. K. B. Rb. C.Li. D.Na.
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Hudfng din gidi
Theobaira: nn^
=0,05
(mol) => 0,05<nx^y
<0'Umol)
1!
- 11 -
:::>ili<MxY <— =^ 11 < Mx,Y < 22
0,1 0,05
Vi
Mx < My => Mx < 22 . Trong cac kim loai kiem chi c6 kim loai
liti
(Li) c6
M
= 7 < 22. vay kim loai X la Li.
Dap an dung la C.

Thidu 2: Cho dung djch chiJa 6,03 gam hdn hop g6m hai mudi NaX, NaY (X, Y
la
hai nguyen to c6 trong tu nhien, d hai chu ki lien tiep thu6c nhom
VIIA,
sd
hieu
nguyen tir < Zy) vao dung dich
AgNOj
(du), thu
duoc
8,61 gam ke't
tua.
PhSn
tram
khdi
luong ciia NaX trong hdn hop ban ddu la
A. 47,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 58,2%. D.41,8%.
(Trich De thi tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trudmg hcrp 1: Hai mudi NaX va NaY d^u tao ke't
tiia
vdfi
AgNO,.
Dat
cong
thiic chung ciia 2 mudi la NaX:
NaX +
AgNOj

-> AgX 4- +
NaNO,
(23 + X)g
(108+X)g
6,03 g 8,61 g '
Ta c6: (23 + X). 8,61 = 6,03. (108 + X) X = 178 (khdng c6
halogen
nao c6
trong tu nhien ma c6 M > 178 => loai truong hofp nay).
Tru&ng hop 2: X la flo, Y la clo: i
Goi
X,
y \in luot la sd mol ciia NaF, NaCl. - -
Theo
bai ra, ta c6: 42x + 58,5y = 6,03 (1) ' J4 i .
NaF +
AgNOj
> khdng xay ra
NaCl
+
AgNOj
>
AgCU
+
NaNOj
y y (mol)
Ta c6: 143,5y = 8,61 y = 0,06 (2)
TCr (1, 2) ta c6: x = 0,06; y = 0,06.
6,03
Dap an diing la D.

Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan
6,645
gam hdn hop mudi clorua ciia hai kim loai
ki^m
thudc hai chu ky ke' tiep nhau vao nude
duoc
dung dich X. Cho toan bo
dung djch X tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich
AgNOj
(du), thu
duoc
18,655
gam ke't
tiia.
Hai kim loai ki6m tren la
A.
RbvaCs
B.
NavaK
C. K va Rb D. Li va Na
(Trich de tuyen
sinh
Cao dang - Khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
K6t
tiia
la
AgCl:
sd mol
AgCl

= = 0,13 (mol) •
Ki
hieu chung hai mudi clorua la MCI
MCI +
AgNO,
^
AgCl
i +
MNO3
0,13 <-
0,13(mol)
=^Mi^,,,
=^.51,12
3=>M.15,62^^'^^^'^ ^
0,13
lNa(M
= 23)
Vay hai kim loai ki^m la Li va Na. '
Dap an diing la D. ' • ' '
11
Thi
du 4: Di hoa tan
hoan
loan
6,4 gam h6n
hop
g6m
kim loai
R
(chi

c6 hoa trj
II)
va
oxit
cua no
cdn
viira
dii
400
ml dung dich HCl IM. Kim loai
R la
A.
Mg
B. Be C. Ba D. Ca
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao
dang
khoi A)
Hudng dan
gidi
Theobaira:
HHCI
=0.4.1
=0,4(mol)
Oxit
ciia
kim loai
R la RO (R c6 hoa
tri II).
Ki
hifiu

chung
cho
kim loai
R va
oxit
RO la X.
PTHH:
X + 2HC1
RCI2
+
0,2 0,4
(mol)
^MR.RO
=Mx =6,4/0,2 = 32
ViMx=32nen
j^^^^
^16<R<32
[R
+ 16>32
Trong
cac
kim loai
hoa
tri
II chi c6
kim loai
Mg (R = 24)
thoa
man.
Vay

kim
loai
R la
Mg.
Dap
an
diing
la
Thi
du 5: Cho 1,9 gam h6n hop
mu6'i
cacbonat
va
hidrocacbonat
cua
kim loai
ki^m
M tac
dung
he't v6i
dung dich HCl (du), sinh
ra 0,448 1ft
khi (0 dktc).
Kim
loai
M la
A.Na.
B. K. CRb. D.Li.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi
B)

Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Theobaira:
nco2
= 0,448/22,4 = 0,02
(mol)
Taco
Mhh
= 1,9/0,02 = 95 .
Suy ra:
2M + 60 > 95 > M + 61 => 17,5 < M < 34.
Vay
M = 23
(Na).
Dap
an
dung
la A.
Thi
du 6: Cho
kim loai
M tac
dung
v6i CI,
duoc
mu6'i
X; cho
kim loai
M tac
dung

vdfi
dung dich HCl
duoc
mu6'i
Y.
Ndu
cho
kim loai
M tac
dung vdi dung
dich mu6'i
X ta
cung
duoc
mu6'i
Y.
Kim loai
M c6
th^
la
A.
Fe. B.Al. CMg.
D. Zn.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao
dang
khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Trong
cac

kim loai
da
cho,
M c6
th^
la Fe.
That
vay:
2Fe +
3Cl2
y
2FeCl3
Fe + 2Ha >
FeCl2
+ H2
Fe
+
2Fea3
>
BFeClj
Dap
an
diing
la A.
Thi
du 7: X la
kim loai
thu6c
phan nhom chinh nhom
II (hay

nhom IIA).
Cho
1,7
gam
h6n
hop g6m kim loai
X va
Zn
tac
dung vdi luong du dung dich HCl,
sinh
ra 0,672 lit
khi
Hj (d
dktc).
Mat
khac,
khi
cho 1,9 gam X tac
dung
v6i
luong du dung djch H^SO^ loang, thi
thi
tich khi hidro sinh
ra
chua
d€n 1,12
lit
(0 dktc). Kim loai
X la

A.
Mg.
B. Sr. C. Ba.
D.
Ca.
• (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao
dang
khoi A)
^'
'
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
S6
mol khi
Hj
trong hai thi nghiem: nH2
= 0,03
(mol); ni^^
< 0,05
(mol).
PTHH:
E(X,Zn)
+ 2HC1 > ECl^ + H,
0,03
mol
0,03
mol
Suyra:
Mg = 1,7/0,03 = 56,67
Vi

Mz„
= 65 > 56,67 => Mx < 56,67 (1)
PTHH:
X +
H,S04
(loang)
>
XSO4
+ H^
Ux
< 0,05
(mol)
n^^^<
0,05
(mol)
Suyra:
Mx> 1,9/0,05 = 38 (2)
Tilr(l,2)tac6:
38 < Mx < 56,67.
Trong
cac
kim loai nhom IIA chi
c6
kim loai
canxi
(M = 40)
thoa
man.
vay
X la Ca.

Dap
an
diing
la D.
Thi
du 8: H6n hop X g6m
M3CO3,
MHCO3
va MQ (M la
kim loai
ki^m).
Cho
32,65 gam X tac
dung vijra dii
vofi
dung dich HCl thu
duoc
dung djch
Y va c6
17,6 gam CO,
thoat
ra.
Dung djch
Y tac
dung
vdi
dung dich AgNOj du
duoc
100,45 gam ket
tiia.

Kim loai
M la
A.Rb
B. Na C.Li D. K
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
S6
mol khi CO,:
nco^ =
IM =
o,4
(mol)
2 44
S6'
mol ke't
tua
AgCl: n^gci
= 100,45 /143,5 =
0,7(mol)
Goi X, y,
z
Idn luot
la s6'
mol M^COj,
MHCO3,
MCI trong
32,65
gam
X.
Bao toan

cacbon
ta c6: x + y = 0,4
Bao toan
clo ta c6: 2x + y + z = 0,7
Ap
dung djnh luat
bao
toan
khd'i
luong
ta c6:
13
nix
+ niHci = mMCi(Y) + "^002 + "IH20
=> 32,65 + 36,5(2x + y) = (M +
35,5).(2x
+ y + z) + 17,6 +
0,4.18
rr>
36,5(x
+ y) + 36,5x = (M +
35,5)(2x
+ y + z) = 7,85
Thay
x + y = 0,4;2x + y + z = 0,7 vao, tadiroc: ,
0,7(M +
35,5)-36,5
= 22,45 =>0,7M-36,5x 2,4 • '-
2,4 + 0,7M " , ,
=> X =

36,5
Vi
0 < x < 0,4 => M < 17,4 => M = 7(< 17,4). Vay kim loai ki^m la Li.
Dap an diing la C.
Thi dti 9: H6n horp X chira dong ihbi hai mu6'i
natri
cua hai
halogen
lien tife'p
trong bang tuSn hoan. La'y mot luorig X cho tac dung vira dii
\6'\0 ml dung
dich
AgNO,
IM thi thu
duoc
15 gam ket
tiia.
C6ng thiJc phan
tijf
ciia hai muoi
trong X la (cho F = 19; Q = 35,5; Br = 80; I = 127; Na = 23)
A. NaF va
NaCl
B.
NaBr
va Nal
C.
NaCl
va Nal D.
NaCl

va
NaBr
Hu&ng dan gidi
S6
mol
AgNOj:
n^gNOj =0-' ("loO •
' Trirorng hop 1: Hai
halogen
d^u tao diroc
kfi't
tiia
v6i
AgNOj.
Dat c6ng thufc chung ciia mu6'i la NaX.
PTPU':
NaX +
AgN03
-> AgX i +
NaNOj
0,1 -> 0,1
^M.^= 150
0,1
108 + X =
150=>X
= 42
CI (M = 35,5)
Br (M = 80)
Hai
halogen

la Q
(35,5)
va Br (80).
vay hai mu6'i trong X la
NaCl
va
NaBr.
Dap an dung la D.
Trucmg hop 2: Hai mu6'i la NaF va NaCl.
NaF4-AgNOj
-> kh6ng xay ra
NaCl
+
AgNOj
AgCl
i +
NaNOj
0,1 -> 0,1 mol
=>
"^Agca
=0.1.143,5=14,35(gam)
^1.5(gam)
loai tnrcmg hop nay.
Thi du 10: Cho 19 gam h6n hop b6t g6m kim loai M (hoa tri khdng d6i) va Zn
(ti
IS mol tirong umg 1,25 : 1) vac binh dirng 4,48 lit khi CI, (dktc), sau cac
phan ufng hoan toaii thu
duoc
h6n hop chat rSn X. Cho X tan h6't trong dung
dich

HQ (dir) tha'y c6 5,6 lit khi H, thoat ra (dktc). Kim loai M la
A. Na B. Ca C. Mg D. Al
Huatng ddn gidi
S6'mol khi CI, va H, Mn
lirot
la: n^j
=0,2(mol);
n^^^
=0,25(mol)
Dat X la s6' mol Zn => s6' mol kim loai M la 1,25x
Taco:
65x+
M.l,25x = 19 (l) V','
Theo
nguydn tic bao toan electron ta c6:
l,25n.x + 2x = 0,4 + 0,5 = 0,9 (2) si
65x + M.l,25x 19 65+l,25M 19
TO (1,2) ta c6:
l,25n,x + 2x 0,9
=> 25,75n + 38 = 58,5 +
1,I25M
=>l,125M = 23,75n-20,5
l,25n
+ 2 0,9
N
1
2
3
M
le

24
le
Ket luan
Loai Mg
Loai
Gia tri
phii
hop la n = 2 => M = 24 (Mg)
Dap an diing la C. • >
3. Cac bai tap tu luyen:
Cku
i: Kim loai nao sau day tac dung voi dung djch HCl loang va tac dung vdi khf
CI3
cho cung loai mu6'i clorua kim
loai?
A.Fe B.Zn C. Cu D. Ag
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Kim loai do la Zn:
Zn + 2HC1
>ZnCl2
+ H2
Zn + Cl2 >ZnCl2
Dap an diing la B. ' ^
Cha
v Phan ling ciia cac kim loai v6i khi CI, va axit HCl:
^5^_Fe
-i^^FeCl. + H,
_±£ll_
Cu -tHC^ Khdng xay ra '
-C!2_

Ag—^Khangxayra.
FeClj
<-
CuCl, «
AgCl
^
15
C&u
2: Cho
m6t
lirong
don chat halogen
tac
dung h6't vdd magie thu dirge 19 gam
magie halogenua. Cung lugng don chat halogen do
tac
dung h6t vdi nhom tao ra
17,8 gam nh6m halogenua.
Kh6'i
lirgng
don chat halogen
da
phan ung
la
A.
8,0 gam. B. 14,2 gam.
C.
19,0 gam. D. 7,1 gam.
Hu&ng
ddn

gidi
Dat
CTHH
cua don chat halogen la X,
•
PTHH:
X2 +Mg
>MgX2
' . 'f%
a mol >
a
mol
3X2
+
2A1
>
2AIX3
a mol
>
2a/3
mol
Theobaira: a.(24 +
2X)
= 19
^.(27.3X)
= ,7,8
=,ll?itl^
=
JL
=,x=35.5

(a)
3
^ ^
2.(27+
3X)
17,8 ^
Vay halogen do la clo
(CU).
a=-
=0,2
(24 +
2.35,5)
Vay
mei2
=71.a =
14,2(gam).
Dap an dung la B.
C&u
3:
Cho
1,03
gam
mu6'i
natri halogenua (A)
tac
dung vdi dung
dich
AgNO,
du
thi

thu dirge mot kd't tua, ke't
tiia
nay sau
khi phan iJng hoan loan
cho 1,08
gam
bac. C6ng
thiic
ciia
mu6'i
A la
A.
NaF.
B.NaCl.
C. NaBr. D. Nal.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
I
no
Sd'molAg:
n^
=
—-0,0l(mol)
Dat mu6'i
natri halogenua la NaX.
PTHH:
NaX +
AgNOj
>

AgXi
+
NaNOj
0,01
<
0,01 (mol)
AgX
Ag + -X2
0,01
<-
0,01 (mol)
1
03
^^Suyra: M^^x
=^
= 103 =>23
+
Mx-103
=^
-80(Br)
vay
mudi
A
1&
natri bromua
(NaBr).
Dap an
diing
la
C.

C&u
4:
Cho dung
djch
chura
6,79
gam h6n hop g6m
2
mu6i
KX, KY (X,
Y m 2
nguydn
t<5
c6
trong
tu
nhifin,
6
hai
chu ki
lifin
tie'p thu6c nhom
VIIA,
s6'
hidu
Zx
<
ZY)
vao dung
dich

AgNO,
dir thu dugc 8,61
gam
kd't
tiia.
Th^nh ph^n
%
kh6'i
lugng
ciia
KX
trong h6n hop ban d^u
la
A.
34,17%. B. 25,56%. C. 45,68%. D. 89,90%.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Tnrcmg
hop
AgX, AgY
d^u
k^
tiia:
f
(1) KX + AgNOj ^ AgX +
KNO3
:, VV
•
-' S

(2) KY + AgNO, ^ AgY +
KNO3
S6 mol
h6n hop
KX,
KY
=
^'^^ ~ ^'^^ = 0,0264(mol)
108-39
^ ^
vay:
Mhh ^^
=
257,4(g/mol)=^Mx,y-218,4(g/mol)
' ;
0,0264
vay khdng
CO
X, Y phu hgp.
Trucmg
hop X
1^
F,
Y
la
CI:
AgF tan n6n chi c6
AgCl
kd't
tiia

Tir (2)
^
s6'
mol KCl
=
s6'
mol
AgQ
=
8,61
:
143,5 = 0,06 (mol)
vay:
mKci
= 0,06 . 74,5 = 4,47 (gam) =>
mKP
= 2,32 (gam)
%m(KF)
=
—xlOO%
=34,17%.
' "
^
^ 6,79
Dap an
diing
la A.
Cau
5:
M6t h6n hcyp

X
g6m
3
muoi
halogenua
ciia
kim
loai
natri nang 6,23g
hoa
tan hoan toan trong nuoc dugc dung
dich
A.
Sue
khi clo du vao dung
dich
A
roi
c6
can
hoan toan dung
dich
sau
phan ung dugc 3,0525g
mu6'i
khan B. La'y m6t
nua lucmg
mu6'i
nay hoa tan vao nude r6i cho phan
ihig

voi
dung
djch
AgNO,
du
thi
thu dugc 3,22875g ket
tiia.
Tim c6ng
thiic
ciia
cac
mu^i va
tinh
% theo
khd'i
lugng
m6i
mu6'i
trong X.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Gia
sii lugng
mu6'i
khan B thu dugc
sau
khi cho clo du vao dung
djch

A
chi
c6
NaCl->
n^aci =-^^ = 0,0522
mol '
58,5
*'*
NaCl
+
AgNO,
Agai + NaNO,
(1)
*
3
22875
Theo (1) -> n^^ci
=
"Aga
=
-2 =
0,045
mol < 0,0522 mol
t
Do
do,
mu6'i
khan B thu dugc ngoai
NaCl
con c6 NaF.

Vay
trong h6n hgp X chira NaF,
khd'i
lugng NaF:
niNaF
=
mB
-
mNaci
=
3,0525
-
0,045. 58,5 = 0,42 (g)
,
0
42
%NaF
=
——.100%
=
6,74%"'^'*''-»-""''«*"'-»-'"-^*":'^^^
6.23
THiy
mji
TiwH
oiNii
Tmm
17
Goi
c6ng thiJc chung

ciia
hai
mutfi
halogen c6n lai
1^:
NaY
2NaY
+ a2->2NaCl + Y2 (2)
Theo(2)->n^^Y
=nNaa
=0.045
(mol)
>
. ^ -
•"NaY
"'x -
niNaF
= 6,23 - 0,42 = 5,81 (g)
Do
66: Y = = 129,11 = 23 + My ^ My = 106,11 ' '
0,045
, . yj^
->
ph^i c6 m6t halogen c6 M > 106,11 -» d6 iot. • v ^tf
Vay
c6ng
thiic
cua mud'i thiJ 2
Ilk
Nal.

Dod6c6haitrucmghop: " '
«
f-*'
*
Tru&ng
hop 1: NaF, NaCl vk Nal.
Goi
a, b
Mn
lugt la s6
mol
ciia
NaQ Nal #
^
^ [58,5a + 150b = 5,81
[3
= 0,01027
laco: <
a + b =
0,045
[b = 0,03472
niN^
= 58,5. 0,01027 =
0,6008
(g);
niN,,
= 150. 0,03472 =
5,208
(g)
Vay:

%Naa = ^^1^.100% = 9,64%
6,23
%NaF = 6,77%;
%NaI
= 83,59%
*
Tru&ng
hop 2: NaF, NaBr va Nal.
Tac6: jl03a'^150b' =
5,81_^
ra'
= 0,02
[a'
+ b' =
0,045
[b'=
0,025
Ttif,^
= 103. 0,02 = 2,06
(g);
niN„
= 150.
0,025
= 3,75 (g)
2 Ofi
vay
%NaBr = —.100% = 33.07%
6,23
%NaI
=

141-100%
= 60,19%; %NaF = 6,74%.
6,23
C&u
6: Ho^ tan 1,086 gam mu6'i chiJa oxi
ciia
clo vdi m6t kim
loai
ki^m
v^o nude,
axit
hod dung djch bang axit
H2SO4
loang rdi them
tiT
dung dich
KI
vao cho de'n
khi
kh6ng c6n
I,
thoat ra thi thu duoc
6,096
gam
I2.
CQng luong mu6'i trdn dem
nhiet phan hoan to^n sau phan
ihig
con lai a gam
mu6'i.

1.
Xdc dinh c6ng
thiic
mu6'i? ' (')
2.
Tfnha?
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
1.
C6ng
thiic
mu6'i c6 dang RQO, (x =
1
-> 4).
Phuong
trinh
phan umg:
Rao, +
2xKI
+
xH,S04
^
RQ + xlj +
xK,S04
+ xH^O
18
S6' mol
I2
= ^:^=0,024(mol)

Theo phirong
trinh
s6' mol RQO, =
0,024
R+35,5+16x =
l,086x
0,024
R=29,25x~35,5
Thoa man vdi x = 2; R = 23, kim
loai
kiim
la Na; mu^i \h NaQO^.
2.
Phuong
trinh
phan umg
nhifit
phan
mu6'i:
.0
NaClOj
—^ NaQ + O,
Theo phuong
trinh
s6'
mol
NaQ = s6
mol
NaQOj = 0,012
=>

Kh6i
luong NaQ = 0,012. 58,5 =
0,702
g.
Cau
7: Cho 50 gam dung dich MX (M la kim
loai
ki6m,
X
1^'halogen)
35,6% tac
dung
vcri
10 gam dung dich
AgNOj
thu duoc ke't tua. Loc
kfi't
tiia,
duoc dung
djch
nude
loc.
Bie't
n6ng d6 MX trong dung djch sau thi nghidm giam 1,2 ISn so
vdi
n6ng d6 ban ddu.
C6ng thurc
mu6'i
MX la
A.

NaF. B.KI. C. LiQ.
Hudng ddn
gidi
D.NaBr.
' •
r,,
, ^• 35,6x50 o, X
Theo
bai
ra:
mMx
= = 17,8 (gam)
100
MX
+ AgNO, ->
MNO3
+ AgX i
XX
XX (mol)
=> m^gx = (108 + X).x;
HIMX
phin = (M + X).x
=> mMXc6„i,i = 17,8 -(M + X).x
=>
C% MX trong dung dich sau phan
ihig
la:
_17,8-(M+X).x
^ 35^ ^
j2o.(M

+X) =35,6.(108 + X)
60-(108 + X).x 1.2
,0
-
=
M Li
(7)
Na(23)
K(39)
X
a
(35,5)
12,58
4634,44
MlaLi,Xiaa
Dap
dn dung la C.
mu6i
MX la
Lia.
19
Dang
2: Xdc
dinh
luffng
chat
(tham
gia, sdn
phdm,
cdn Iqi sau

phan
itng)
vd
thdnh
phan
cdc
chat
trong
hdn
harp
1. Li
thuy^'t
v$n
dung
va
phuong
phap
glai:
* Cac phucfng
phap
giai nhanh
duoc
sir dung:
-
Phuong
phap
bao
toan
electron:
Trong phan ung oxi hoa khu, t6ng s6' mol

electron
do
chat
khu ciio phai
diing
bang
tdng s6' mol
electron
do
chat
oxi hoa nhan:
Se(cho)
=
Ee(nhan)
=>
iicho-Necho
= n„hi:,.
N,„h,„
+ Viet cac qua
trinh
oxi hoa, qua
trinh
khijf (khong cin vie't phucmg
trinh
phan
ling
oxi hoa -
khir).
+ Dat ^n, dua vao djnh luat bao toan
electron

lap
duac
phuong
trinh
dai s6'.
+ Giai he phircmg
trinh,
xac djnh cac dai luong
theo
yfiu ciu ciia bai toan.
-
Phuong
ph^p bao
toan
khoi
luong:
Trong m6t phan ung hoa hoc, tdng kh6'i luong
ciia cac
chat
san ph^m
bang
t6ng kh6'i luong ciia cac
chat
tham gia phan ung.
Ap
dung: Trong m6t phan ung, c6 n
chat
(k^ ca
chat
phan ung va san ph^m),

ne'u
bie't
kh6'i luong cua (n - 1)
chat
thl
tinh
duoc
khd'i
luong ciia
chat
con lai.
-
Phuong
phap
su
dung
cac
cong
thurc
giai
nhanh:
+
C6ng
thiic tmh kh6'i luong mu6'i
clorua
thu
ducfc
khi hoa tan hit h6n hop kim
loai
bang

dung dich HCl: m„„,„, =
m^i^^,^
+
^IHHJ
+
C6ng
thiirc
tinh
kh6'i luong mu6'i
clorua
thu
duoc
khi hoa tan h6't h6n hcyp oxit
kim
loai
bang
dung djch HCl: m,|„„, = mh4„ +
27,5nHci
*
M6ts6'chuy:
-
Fe304
khi giai bai tap c6 the qui doi thanh:
FeO.Fe^Oj.
FejO^
+ 8HC1 ->
2FeCl3
+
FeCl,
+ 4H,0

Do do h6n horp Cu,
Fe304
c6 tha' bi tan hat trong dung djch HCl (Cu khdng tac
dung vdi dung djch HCl nhung bj hoa tan boi dung dich
FeClj):
Cu
+
2Fea3
CuCU +
2Fea2
-
Mudi
clorua
bj oxi hoa boi
KMn04/H2S04:
IOAICI3
+
6KMn04
+
24H2SO4
5Al2(S04)3 +
3K,S04
+
6MnS04
+
24H2O
- Kim loai Fe
(hoac
Cr) tac dung voi CU va axit HCl tao ra san
ph£m

mu6'i
clorua
khac
nhau: 2Cr + 30, ->
2CrCl3
Cr + 2HC1
CTCXJ
+ H,
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: .;
Thidu
1: Cho 42,4 gam h5n hcrp g6m Cu va
Fe304
(c6 ti le so mol tuong ung la
3 : 1) tac dung
vori
dung dich HCl du, sau khi cac phan ung xay ra
hoan
toan
c6n lai m gam
chat
ran. Gia trj ciia m la
A.
6,4.
B.9,6.
C. 19,2. D. 12,8.
(Trick
de
tuyen
sink
Cao

dang
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
giai
Goi s6 mol
Fe304
la x => s6 mol Cu la 3x
Tac6:232x
+
64.3x
=
42,4=>x=0,l
Fe304
+ 8HC1
2FeCl3
+ FeCl2 +
4H2O
0,1 -> 0,2
A ,J/-'
'rf^
Cu +
2FcCl,
CUCI2
+
2FeCl2
''"'"'"^ '
0,1 0,2 • ••••
=>ncu(d.,-0.1-3-0,1-0,2

(mol)
Vay m = mcu (du) =0.2. 64 =
12,8(gam)
•
Dap an dung la D. ' '' " ''
Chu v: +)
Fe304
=
Fe203.FeO
'
+) Tuy Cu kh6ng tan trong HCl, nhung bj hoa tan bod
FeCl,.
— —~— t '
Thi du 2: Hoa tan
hoan
toan 2,7 gam h6n hop X g6m Fe, Cr, Al
bang
dung djch
HCl
du, thu
duoc
1,568 lit khi Hj (dktc). Mat
khac,
cho 2,7 gam X phan
ling
hoan
toan vdi khi du, thu
duoc
9,09 gam
mud'i.

Khd'i
luong Al trong 2,7
gam X la bao
nhiau?
A.
1,08 gam. B. 0,27 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 0,54 gam.
(Trich
de
tuyen
sink
Cao
dang
nam 2012 -
Khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bai ra:
Hjj^
=0,07
(mol)
Goi x,y,z 1& luot la so mol Fe,Cr,Al trong X.
=>56x
+ 52y + 27z = 2,7 (l) 3!:::
*) X + dd HQ du:
Fe + 2HC1 -> FeClj + Hj t Cr + 2HC1 ^ CrQj +
H2
t

X -> X y -> y
Al
+ 3Ha ^
AICI3
+ l.SHj t
z l,5z _ .
=>x + y +
l,5z-0,07
(2)
*) X + Cl,(du): ' • '
Fe +
-Cl2->Fea3
Cr +
-Cl2
^CrQj
2 2 3 2 ^
x->l,5x
y->1.5y
\
A1
+
-C12
2
^
z—•l.Sz
•
AlCl,
=>x + y
+
z

=
0,06 (3)
Tir (1,
2, 3) =>x
= 0,02;
y
=
0,02; z
=
0,02
•
Vay
iTiAi/x
-0,02.27 = 2,54(g) ,
, j)
? i n
Dap an
diing
la D.
Thi du
3: H6n hap X c6
khd'i
luong 82,3 gam g6m
KQOj,
€3(003)2,
CaQj
va
KQ.
Nhiet phan ho^n to^n X thu duoc 13,44 lit
O2

(dktc), chat ran Y g6m
CaQz
va
KCl.
Toan
b6 Y tac dung
vira
du
vdi 0,3 lit dung
djch
K2CO3
IM
thu
duoc dung dich
Z.
Luang
KCl
trong Z nhi^u ga'p 5 15n luong
KCl
trong X.
PhSn
tram
khd'i
luong
KCl
trong X la
A.
18,10%. B. 12,67%.
C.
29,77%. D. 25,62%.

(Trick
dSthi
tuyen
sink
DH
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Phuong phap bao toan
kh6'i
luong:
Theo
bai ra: =
0,6 (mol);
nK2C03
=
0,3 (mol)
Sodd
phan
utig: X '° > Y + Oj
Theo
dinh
luat bao toan
khd'i
luong ta c6:
""Y
=mcaa2(Y)+mKCi(Y)
=82,3-0,6.32

= 63,l(g)
PTHH:
CaCI,
+
K.COj
^
CaC03
+ 2Ka i
0,3 0,3 0,6 (mol)
•"caCaiY)
=0.3.111
=33,3(g)
=>'"Ka(Y)
=63,1-33,3
= 29,8(g)
Theo
bai
ra:
ni,^Q^Y)+0,6
.74,5 =
Sm^^^^^j
=>
29.8
+
0.3.2.74,5
= 5.m^ci(x)
-"KCKX)
= 14,9(g)
^
vay

%m^„(^plii2l!^.
18,10%
82,3
Dap
an diing la A.
99
fhi du
4: D6't 16,2 gam
hOn
hop X g6m Al va Fe trong khi
CI2
thu duoc h6n hop
chat
ran Y. Cho Y vao nude du, thu duoc dung dich Z va 2,4 gam kim loai.
Dung
dich Z tac dung duoc vdfi t6i da 0,21 mol
KMn04
trong dung dich
H2SO4
(kh6ng tao
ra SO2).
Phdn
tram
khd'i
luong
ciia
Fe trong h6n hop X la
A.
72,91%. ' B. 64,00%.
C.

66,67%. ' D. 37,33%.
(Trich
di
thi
tuyin
sink
DH
khoi
B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Goi
X,
y
l^n
luot la
s>6
mol
Al,
Fe phan ling.
Tac6:
27x + 56y = 16,2-2,4 = 13,8 (l) ' .K,
Theo
djnh
luat bao toan electron ta
c6:
'
3(x + y) =
0,21.5=>x

+ y = 0,35 (2)
Tir(l,2)
=>x=0,2;y
= 0,15.
Khdi
lirang
Fe trong X nam trong
khoang:
' •'
0,15.56
<mFe
<0,15.56
+ 2,4
=>8,4
<mp^
<10,8
vay
51,85% <
%mpj,/x
<66,667%
Dap
an diing la B.
Thidu
5: D6t chay hdn hop g6m 1,92 gam Mg va 4,48 gam Fe vdi h6n hop khi
X
g6m clo va oxi, sau phan dug chi thu duoc h6n hop Y g6m cdc oxit va
mu6'i
clorua (khdng c6n khi du). Hoa tan Y bang m6t luong
vfira
dii 120 ml

dung dich
HCl
2M, thu duoc dung dich
Z.
Cho
AgNOj
du vao dung dich Z,
thu
duoc 56,69 gam
kd't
tia. Phin
tram
th^
tfch
ciia
clo trong h6n hop X la
A.
51,72%. B. 76,70%.
C.
53,85%. D. 56,36%.
(Trich
di
thi
tuyen
sink
DH
khdj
B)
Hu&ng
ddn

gidi
.
^
Se>
mol cac
cha't:
n^^ = 0,08 (mol);
np^
= 0,08 (mol); nna = 0,24 (mol)
Goi
x, y, z
Idn
luot la
s6'
mol
ciia
Cl2,02
va
Ag"^
(tao
ra
Ag). I*'
Cac
qua
trinh
nhucmg nhan electron:
Mg-2e->Mg^* f
Fe
- 3e ->
Fe^*

a2
+ 2e -> 2cr
02 + 4e 20-^ f
Ag*+
le ^ Ag '
Theo
nguyfin tac bao toan electron, ta
c6:
''^^ ' ' '
0,08.2
+
0,08.3
= 2x + 4y + Iz
=>2x
+ 4y+ z = 0,4 (l)
23
2H*
+ ->
H2O
O2 + 4e -> 20^"
0,24->0,12
0,06 0,12
=>y = 0,06 (2)
Ag*
+ le-> Ag J. Ag+ + Cr ^
AgCli
z z (2x+ 0,24) -> (2x +0,24)
=>
108.Z
+ 143,5.(2x + 0,24) -

56,69
=>108z + 287x =
22,25
(3)
Tiir(l,2,
3) =>x=0,07;y =
0,06;z
= 0,02
Vay
%Vc,,h,=%nc,,/hh=-^^^^^^^^ = 53,85%
• ^
a2/hh
ci2/hh
0,07 + 0,06
Dap an diing la C.
Thidu
6: Cin t6'i
thi^u
bao nhidu gam NaOH (m,) va (mj) de'
phan
ling
hoan
tokn
vdi 0,01 mol
CrQj.
Gia tri cua m, va mj iSn luot la
A.
3,2 va 1,065 B. 3,2 v^
0,5325
C. 6,4 va

0,5325
D. 6,4 vk 1,065
(Trich
de
thi
du
bi
dai
hoc)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
PTHH:
16NaOH +
2Cra3
+
3CI2
^ 12NaCl +
2Na2Ci04
+
8H2O
0,08 <- 0,01 ^0,015(mol)
Vay: m,
=mNaOH
=0,08.40
=
3,2(g)
"12 ='"ci2 =0,015.71 = l,065(g)
Dap an diing II A.
ChU

v mat ly thuye't c6 thi c6:
14NaOH + 2CrCl3 +
3CI2
^ 12NaCl + Na2Cr207 +
7H2O
0,07 <- 0,01 0,015(mol)
=>
m, =
0,07.40
= 2,8(g); m2 = 0,015.71 = l,065(g)
Thi
du 7: Cdn a mol
K^CrjO,
va b mol HCI d^
diiu
che'
duoc
3,36 lit di^u
kifin
chudn. Gia tri a vl b iSn
lirot
la
A.
0,05 va 0,7 B. 0,05 va 0,35 C. 0,1 va 0,7 D. 0,1 va 0,35
(Trich
de
thi
du
bi
dai

hoc)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
3 36
Theobaira:
nci2
=rT7
= 0,15(mol)
22,4
K2Cr207
+ 14HC1
2KC1
+
2CrCl3
+
3CI2
+
7H2O
0,05 0,7 <- 0;i5(mol)
=>a = 0,05; b = 0,7
Ddp
&n
diing la A.
Thi
du
8: Cho m gam h6n hop X g6m FeO,Fe203,Fe304 vao m6t
luong
vira du
dung djch HQ 2M, thu diroc dung dich Y c6 ti 16 s6' mol

Fe^""
va Fe^^ la 1: 2.
Chia Y thanh hai ph^n
bang
nhau. C6 can phSn m6t thu
duoc
m, gam mu6'i
khan. Sue khi clo (du) vao phfo hai, c6 can dung dich sau
phan
ling
thu
duoc
m2
gam mu6'i khan.
Bid't
mj - m, = 0,71. Th^
tich
dung djch HCI da dung la
A.
320 ml B. 80 ml C. 240 ml D. 160 ml
(Trich
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn

gidi
Vi
Fe304 = FeO.Fe203 => coi h6n hop X chi gom FeO (x mol) va
FejOj
(y
mol)
Ta c6:
n^^c\2
=
"FeO
= x
(mol);
npecij = 2nFe203 = 2y (mol)
Vi
ti le s6 mol Fe2+ va Fe^* la 1 : 2
=>nFeCi2
:"FeCi3
= 1:2 => X: 2y = 1:2 =>x = y.
CI2
+
2FeCl2 2FeCl2
x/4<-x/2 x/2
TheobMra: mj-m, =0,71
71.x
di^u
nay tuong duong
voi:
—'—
-0,71
4

Vay
nHci
=2x + 6y = 2.0,04+
6.0,04
= 0,32(mol)
=^"^ddHa
=
0,32/2
= 0,16(1) = 160(ml)
Dap an diing la
Thi
du 9: Cho 3,16 gam KMn04 tac dung voi dung dich HCI dac (du), sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan thi s6' mol HCI bi oxi hoa la
A.
0,10. B.0,16. C.0,02. D. 0,05.
(Trich
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khoi
A)
Theo
bli
ra:

n
KMn04
= = 0,02
(mol)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
3J6
158
25
Cdchl:
Bao
toan
electron
+7
Mn
+2
Mn
-1
2a
CI2
+ 2e
0,1
(mol)
+
5e
0,02 ^0,01 (mol) 0,1
S6 mol HQ bj oxi hoa la 0,10 mol
Dap an diing la A.
Cdchl: Sir

dung
phuong
trinh ion rut gpn:
2Mn04
+ I6H+ +
lOCF
^ IMn^^ + 5CI2 + 8H2O
0,02 ->
0,1
(mol)
=>
HHCI
(bi
oxi
hod)
= 1^.,-
(bj
oxi
ho4)
= 0,10 (mol)
Dap an diing la A.
Chu y; Trong
phan
ung nay, HCl
dong
hai vai tro: .
-1
+
Bj oxi hoa
(chat

khijr):
2C1 -> Clj + 2e
+
M6i tnrcmg (tao mu6'i clorua)
Do do kh6ng ti'nh diroc luong HQ bi oxi hoa
theo
phucfng trinh
phan
ling
dang
phan
i\X.
Thi
du 10: Didn
phan
dung
dich CuQj voi
difin
cue tro, sau m6t thoi gian thu
duoc
0,32 gam Cu b
catot
va m6t lucfng khi X b
anot.
HSfp
thu
hoan
toan
lugtng khf X tr^n vao 200 ml
dung

dich NaOH (d nhiet d6 thucmg). Sau
phan
ung,
ndng
d6 NaOH con lai la 0,05M (gia thie't th^ tich
dung
dich kh6ng
thay
ddi).
N6ng d6 ban ddu ciia
dung
dich NaOH la
A.0,15M.
B.0,2M. C.0,1M. D. 0,05M.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sink
Dai hoc
khoi
A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
S6
mol kim loai Cu: n^^ -
0,32
64
=
0,05(mol);
S6' mol NaOH du sau
phan

ihig:
nN,oH(d„)
=
0,05.0,2
= 0,01 (mol).
^
CuCU > Cu + a,
0,005 0,005
(mol)
a.
2NaOH
NaQ + NaQO + H.O
0,005
0,01 (mol)
=>
T6ng s6' mol NaOH ban ddu:
2^nN,OH (bandiu) =
HNaOH
(p/x) +
"NaOH
(du) = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 (mol)
0,02
Vay
n6ng
do ban ddu ciia
dung
dich NaOH:
CN,OH
(ban d4u)
=

Dap an diing la C.
0,2
=
0,1M
3. Cac bai
tskp
tu luyen:
C&u
1: Cho 2,13 gam h6n hop X g6m ba kim loai Mg, Cu \k Al 6
dang
b6t tac
dung
hoan
toan
\cn oxi thu
dugc
h6n hop Y g6m cac oxit c6 kh6'i luong 3,33
gam. The' ti'ch
dung
dich HCl 2M vifa
dii
d^
phan
umg he't voi Y la
A.
90
ml.
B. 57 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 50 ml.
(Trich De thi
tuyen

sinh
Dai hoc
khoi
A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Ta
CO
so d6
phan
ulig:
^'
* •'
*''''
''^'Pi
i,"'- ^ •.
Kimloai+oxi
> oxit fi:,Z7s iFi
i;.
.
_,2 5-
(0 + 2e > O) ^,,a
Dodo: m^imioai + moxi = m,,,;,
=> m„,i =
m„,,i,
-
mk,^,o,i
= 3,33 - 2,13 = l,2g
1
2

=>
Ho = — =
0,075
(mol) = n 2 v ' '
Qua trinh hoa tan oxit vao
dung
djch axit:
-2
O + 2H" > H.O
,
=2. n 2 =2.
0,075
= 0,15 (mol)
=>
HHCI
= n ^+ = 0,15 (mol)
, _
vay:
HO
= ^ =
0,075
lit = 75 (ml).
Dap an diing la C.
C^u
2: Di hoa tan
hoan
toan
2,32 gam h6n
hcpfp
g6m FeO,

Fe304
v^ FcjO, (trong
do s6' mol FeO
bang
s6' mol
Fe^O^),
cSn diing vita dii V lit
dung
djch HQ IM.
Gia trj cua V la
A.
0,08. B.0,16.
C.0,18.
D. 0,23.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sinh
DH
khoi
A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Vi
s6' mol FeO
bang
s6' mol FcjOj ndn qui d6i h6n hap
thanh
Fe304
(FeO.FcjOj):
S6

mol Fe304: np,304 = ^ - 0,01(mol) ^
PTPIT:
Fe304
+ 8HC1 > FeCl^ +
2FeCl3
+
4H2O
0,01 -> 0,08 (mol)
Suy ra th^ ti'ch
dung
djch HCl cSn dung: V,<,„c, = ^ = 0,08
(lit)
'
E>ap
an diing la A.
Cau
3: De oxi hod hoan to^n 0,01 mol Cra, th^nh
K2Cr04
bang CI, khi c6 mSt
KOH,
lirong
t6'i
thi^u
va
KOH
tucmg
ling
Ik
A.
0,015 mol va 0,04

mol.
B.
0,015 mol va 0,08
mol.
C.
0,03 mol va 0,04
mol.
C.
0,03 mol va 0,08 mol.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sink DH khoi A)
Hudng ddn
gidi
PTPU":
ICrGj
+ 30, +
16KOH
^
2K2Cr04
+
12KC1
+ 8H,0
0,01 mol
TheoPTPU": n^^ = -
.ncK:i3
= 0,01 = 0,015 (mol)
HKOH
= 8- "ocb = 8- 0,01 = 0,08 (mol) v

Vay
cin t6'i thieu 0,015 mol
CI2
va 0,08 mol
KOH.
Dap an dung la B.
Cau
4: Nung h6n hop b6t g6m 15,2 gam
CTJOJ
va m gam Al
&
nhifit
d6 cao. Sau
khi
phan
ihig
hoan toan, thu duoc 23,3 gam h6n hop ran X. Cho toan b6 h6n hop
X
phan
ling
vdi axit HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi
H2
(6
dktc).
Gia tri
ciia
V la
A.
3,36. B. 4,48.
C.

7,84. D. 10,08.
(Trich
Delhi
tuyen
sink DH -
khd'i
B)
Hudng ddn
gidi
15,2
152
So
6.6
phan
ling:
Al +
CfjOj
-> H6n hop sau phan
ihig
S6' mol
Cr^O,:
nc^o3 =
TTT
=
0,
'(mol)
•"0203 +
'"AI
=
nihhsp

=>
niA,
=
mhh,p
- m
C^QJ
= 23,3 - 15,2 = 8,1 (g)
=>
UA,
= — = 0,3 (mol)
PTPLT:
Cr,03 + 2A1 > 2Cr +
AI2O3
Saupir: 0,1 0,1 (mol) 0,2 0,1
Sau phan
ling
nhiet nh6m c6: 0,1 mol Al (du); 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol
AI2O3.
;f;2A1
+ 6Ha > 2k\C\^ +
3H2T
ft, 0,1 - 0,15 (mol)
Cr
+ 2Ha > Cra, + HjT
0,2 0,2 (mol)
Zn
H2
= 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol)
=>
=0,35. 22,4 = 7,84

(lit)
Dap an dung la C.
Cau
5: Cho 9,12 gam h6n hop g6m FeO, FcjOj va
Fe304
tac dung vdi dung djch
HCl
(du). Sau khi cac phan
urig
xay ra hoan to^n, duoc dung djch Y, c6 can Y
thu
diroc 7,62 gam FeClz va m gam FeQ,. Gia trj
ciia
m la
A.
9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh Dai hoc
khd'i
B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
7 62 '''f-
SdmolFeQ,: np^a2=-[^ =
*^'06('"°')
^
Vi

Fe304
= FeO.FcjOj, nfen c6 th^ coi h6n hop g6m FeO (x mol) va FcjOj
(y
mol).
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 72x + 160y = 9,12 (1)
PTPU*:
FeO +
2HC1
> FeCU + HjO
X
X
Fe^Oj +
6Ha
> 2FeCl3 +
3H2O
^
y
2y
n
Feci2
= X = 0-06 (mol) (2)
TO
(1,
2) ta c6:
X
= 0,06; y = 0,03 (mol)
vay m = m
p^ci,
= 2.y. 162,5 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 (gam)
Dap an

diing
la A.
Cau
6: Cho m gam h6n hop X gdm
Al,
Cu vao dung dich HCl (du), sau khi
V.€x
thiic
phan
ling
sinh ra 3,36 lit khi (o
dktc).
Neu cho m gam h6n hop X trSn vao
mot
luong du axit
nitric
(dac, nguoi), sau khi
ka't
thuc phan umg sinh ra 6,72 lit
khi
NO, (san phdm
khir
duy nha't, do 6
dktc).
Gia tri
ciia
m 1^
A.
11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
(Trich

De thi
tuyen
sinh Dai hoc - khoi B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^^ = ^ =0,15(mol); n^Q= ^ = 0,3(mol).
^
22,4 ^ 22,4
*
X + HCl: 2A1 + 6HC1 >
2AICI3
+ 3H2t
X
l,5x
Cu
+ HCl > khdng phan ung , .
=
1,5. x = 0,15 =>x = 0,1
(mol).
*
X +
HNO3
Al
+
HNOj^ij,
„g„oi)
> bj thu d6ng hoa
.
Cu +

4HN03,<,i,)
>
Cu(N03)2
+
2NO2
+
2H2O
y
n
NO2
= 2y
=
0,3
=> y
= 0,15
(mol)
Vay m
=
niA,
+
mc„
= 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 (g)
Dap an dung
la C.
Chu
v: *
Al,
Fe,
Cr bi thu d6ng hoa trong
HNO3

dSc,
ngu6i.
Cau
7:
Dung dich
X
chiia h6n hop g6m
NazCOj
1,5M
KHCO3
IM. ^fh6 tir tv?
timg
giot cho de'n
hfi't
200
ml dung djch HQ IM v^o
100
ml dung djch
X,
sinh
ra
V
1ft khi
(6
dktc). Gia trj cua
V la
•
,vi'
A.
4,48. B. 1,12. C.2,24.

D.
3.36.
^ ^'l
' *
^
(Trich
Be
thi
tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc
khd'i
A)
Hu&ngddngim
Theo
b^i ra: n^a
=
0,2.1
= 0,2
(mol);
n
NajCOa
= 0,1.1,5 = 0,15
(mol).
'
'
nKHco3
= 0.11 =0,1 (mol) '
Khi
nho tir

tCr
dung djch HQ (H") vao
X
thi:
-
%
Na^COj
+ HCl >
NaCl
+
NaHCO,
0,15 > 0,15 > 0.15
(mol)
Sau phan
ling
nay, luong HCl con lai la:
n^am = 0,2 -0,15 = 0.05
(mol)
Do d6. xay ra qua
trinh:
HCO3
+ H* > CO:t + H2O
0.05 < 0.05 —> 0,05
(mol)
vay
V =
Vco2
= 0,05.22,4 =1.12
(lit).
Dap an dung

la B.
cau 8: Khi
cho 100
ml dung djch KOH IM
vao 100
ml dung djch HCl thu duot
dung djch
c6
chiia
6.525
gam
chat
tan. Ndng
d6
mol
(hoac
mol/1)
ciia HQ trong
dung djch da dung 1^
A.0.75M.
B.0.5M.
C.
IM. D.
0.25M.
(Trich
Dim
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang

khoi
A)
Huong
ddngidi
Theo
bai ra:
UKOH
=
0,1.1
=
0.1 (mol).
Phuong
trinh
phan ung: KOH
+
HQ
> KQ +
HjO
Gia
thid't
KOH phan img he't => n^a =
IIKOH
=
0.1 (mol)
=>
mKc,
= 0,1.
74,5 = 7,45
(g)
> 6.525

(g).
Suy ra, KOH phan
irng
chira he't (HQ he't.
chat
tan
c6
KQ v^ KOH).
Goi
X,
y
Idn luot
1^
s6' mol KOH phan
ling
voi HCl va c6n du.
Theo
bii ra. ta
c6: x + y =
0.1
(1)
-
i 74.5.
X
+ 56. y = 6,525 (2)
Tir (1.
2) ta
giai ra
duoc
x = 0.05.

vay
CM(„a,
= x/0,1
=
0.05/0,1
=
0.5M.
Dap
&n
dung
la B.
cau
9:
Hoa tan he't
7,74
gam h6n hop b6t Mg, Al
b^g 500
ml dung djch h6n hop
HQ IM va H2SO4
0,28M
thu
dugc
dung djch
X
va
8,736
lit khi H2
(Jb
dktc).
C6

can dung djch
X
thu
duoc
luong mu6'i khan
la
A.
77,86
gam.
B.
25.95
gam.
C. 103,85
gam. D.
38,93
gam.
(Trich
Di
thi
tuyen
sinh
Cao
ddng
khd'i
A)
Hudng
ddn
gidi
Theo
b^i ra: n^a

= 0.5.
1
= 0.5
(mol);
nH2S04
= 0.5. 0.28 = 0,14
(mol); nH^
=
8.736/
22.4
=
0,39 (mol).
Ta thafy
=
"82804
+ ^na^
=>
Axit
phan
ling
v&a he't voi kim loai.
Sord6:
Kim loai+
Axit
>
mud'i
+
Hj
''^ ' , .
=>m

=
7,74
+ 0,5.36.5 + 0.14.98 -
0,39.2
= 38.93
(gam).
Dap
An
diing
1^
D.
Cau
10:
Cho m gam
b6t
Al vao
c6c
chura
V
lit dung djch NaOH 2M, sau phan
ling
hoan
tohn
cho
tiep dung djch HCl vao
c6c 66
de'n khi
cha't
ran tan he't thafy cdn
diing

800
ml dung djch HQ IM va
c6
3.36 lit khi
thoat
ra (cj dktc). Gia tri cua m
va
V lin
luot
la
A.
6.075
va
0.0625 B.
6.075
va
0,2500
C.
7,425
va
0.0625
D. 3,375 v^
0,2500
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
TTieo
bM ra:
HHCI
-

0.8.1 =
0.8
(mol)
Khi
thoat
ra
la
H^:
n^^^= 3.36
/
22.4
-
0.15 (mol)
2Al
+
2NaOH + 6H2O
^
2NaAI
(OH)^ + 3H2
t
X
-> x -> x (mol)
NaAl(OH)^
+ 4HC1 NaQ +
AICI3
+
4H2O
X
-> 4x
2A1 + 6HC1-).2A1C13+3H2

t
y
->3y -). l,5y
Tu
v. ,
r4x + 3y = 0.8
Theobairataco:-^
^
ix>
x
=
0.125;
y
= 0.1
[1.5y=0.15
Vay: m =
(x
+ y).27 =
(0,125
+
0,l).27
=
6.075(g)
J
V =
x/2
=
0,125/2
=
0,0625(1)

J>5pdndunglaA.
C&u
11: H6n h<?p M g6m cac
kirn
loai
Cr,
Al,
Mg,
Cu. La'y 50 gam M tdc dung von
dung
dich
HCl du thu duoc 186 gam
mu6'i
va c6 3,2 gam chat rSn kh6ng tan.
Cung
la'y 50 gam M tac dung hoan toan vdi khi clo thi thu duoc 199,85 gam
mu6'i.
Phin tram
khd'i
luong cua Cr va Cu trong M l^n
luot
la
A.
17,84 va 12,8% B. 20,80% v^ 6,4%
C. 2,080% va 6,4% D. 30,67% v^ 23,4%
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
, ,
*

M + dung
djch
HCl (du):
Cr
+
2HCl^CrCl2+H2
2Al
+
6Ha-)-2AlCl3
+
3H2
Mg
+
2HCl->MgCl2+H2
Cu
+
HCl
> Kh6ng xay ra.
=^mc„-3,2(g)^nc„=0,05(mol)
3,2.100%
Cty
TNHHMTV
mvu KhangVift
'Cu/M
50
-6,4%
*
M + Khia,(du):
2Cr
+

3Cl2->2CrCl3
2A1
+ 3Cl2
2AICI3
Mg
+
Cl2
->MgCl2
CU+CI2
->CuCl2
0,05 -> 0,05(mol)
Ta
tha'y:
mcucij
+
"^Crcij
-
mcrCi2
=
'^^,85
-186
=>
0,05.135+ ncr(l58,5-123) = 13,85 =:>ncr =0,2
mc,=
0,2.52 =
10,4{g)
10,4.100%
>%m
'Cr/M
50

=
20,8%
Dap an
diing
la B.
Cau
12: Hoa tan het 4 gam
oxit
Fe.Oy c^n
diing
52,14 ml dung
dich
HCl 10%
(d
= 1,05 gam/ml). Dd'
khii
hoa hoan toan 4 gam
oxit
sat nay dn it
nha't
th^
tfch
khi
CO (dktc) la (cho H = 1, CI = 35,5, O = 16, C = 12, Fe = 56)
A.
1,68 lit B. 1,24 lit C. 0,056 lit D. 1,545 lit
Huamg
ddn
gidi
^

52,14.1,05.10
Theobaira: n^^i^—r::r^:7-7—=0,15(mol)
100.36,5
PTPlT:
Fe^Oy +
2yHCl
1
2y
0,15/2y
0,15
xFeCl2y/,
+
yH20
->
xFe + yCOj
Fe.Oy + yCO -
1
y
0,15/2y0,075
=>Vco
=0,075.22,4
=
1,68 (1ft) ^ ^
E)ap an dung la A.
cau 13: Nho ttr tir cho de'n het 400 ml dung
dich
HQ IM vko 200 ml dung
djch
chura d6ng
thcri

Na^COj IM va NaHCOj
IM,
kfi't
thuc phan
ling
thu duoc V lit
CO2
(dktc).
Gia tri ctia V la (cho C = 12,0 = 16, H = 1, Na = 23, Q = 35,5)
A.
4,48 B. 8,96 C. 6,72 D. 2,24
Hudng
ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^ci =0,4(mol)
nNa2C03
=0,2(mol);
nN,HC03
=0,3(mol)
PTPU':
HCl + Na2C03
-)•
NaHCOj +
NaCf
,
Ban
d^u: 0,4 0,2 0,2
Phan iJng: 0,2 <- 0,2 ^ 0,2
Conlai:
0,2 0 0,4

HCl
+ NaHC03 -> NaQ +
CO2
t
+H2O
Banddu: 0,2 0,4
Phan
ling:
0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2
Vco2
= 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (lit) •
Dap an
diing
la A.
cau 14: Cho 4,41 gam
KjCr.O,
vao dung
djch
HCl dSc, dir. Th^
tich
khi thoat ra {b
dktc)
sau khi ka't thuc phan
ling
la
A.
1,008 lit B. 0,336 lit C. 1,344 lit D. 0,672 lit
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi

Theo
bki
ra: n.
4,41
=
0,015 (mol)
'K2Cr207
"
PTPU:
K2Cr207
+
14HCI
->
2KC1
+ 2Cra3 +
3CI2
+
7H2O
0,015 ->
0,045
(mol)
=>Vc,2
=0,045.22,4 = 1,008 (lit)
f^ap an dung la A.
15: Hoa hat 2,32 gam h6n hop FeO,
Fe304,
Fe^O, (trong d6 FeO, Fc.O, c6 s6'
"lol
bang nhau) trong 80 ml dung djch HCl IM thu duoc dung djch X. Cho X
tac dung voi dung dich

AgNOj
du
thi
thu duoc bao nhieu gam chat kh6ng tan?
^•16,80 B. 11,48 C. 1,08 D. 12,56
Huang ddn
gidi
Vi
npeo =
npejOa
^ Co' h6n hop la Fe304 (FeO.FePj).
•^'"^^
=0,01(mol);
HHCI
=0,08(mol)
"Fe304 -
PTPLT:
Fe304+8HCl-^2FeCl3 +
FeCl2+4H20
0,01 0,08 -> 0,02 ->0,01
^
=>nFea3
=0.02(mol); npecij =O.OKmol)
FeCl3+3AgN03
>3AgCl
I+Fe(N03)3
,
, 0,02 > 0,06 (mol)
y
FeCl2

+
3AgN03
—^>2AgCl
i
+Ag
i
+Fe(N03)3
0,01 > 0,02 -> 0,01 (mol)
.
Vay,
kh6'i
luong chat khdng tan:
^
m =
mAgci
+mAg
=(0,06
+
0,02).143,5
+
0,01.108-12,56(gam)
Dap an dung la D.
C^u
16: Cho 17,5 gam h6n hop
Al,
Zn, Fe tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich HCl
du
thu diroc dung djch X va V lit H,
(dktc).
C6 can dung djch X thu duoc 53

gam mu6'i khan. VSy gia
tri
cua V la
A.
8,96 B.5,60 C. 11,2 D. 6,72
Hit&ng
ddn
gidi
Sodd: MCL
-)-M"++nCr
>
=>53
= 17,5 + m„o,„,
=>
nioiorua
= 53 - 17,5 = 35,5 (g) ^ n^^_ = l(mol)
HCl
->H^+cr
2H++2e ^HjT
->0,5(mol)
1
<-l(mol) 1
'
vay V = 0,5 .22,4= 11,2 (1ft)
Dap
an dung la C.
Cau
17: D^ hoa tan hat h6n hop X g6m
Cr^Oj,
CuO, Fe304 cin

vira
du 550 ml dung
djch
HCl 2M, sau phan ling thu duoc dung dich Y. M6t nijfa dung dich Y tha'y
hoa tan he't t6'i da 2,9 gam b6t Ni. C6 can nifa dung dich Y con lai thi thu duofc
bao nhiau gam mu6'i khan?
A.
30,525 gam B. 30,8 gam
C.
61,6 gam D. 61,05 gam
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bki
ra:
HHCI
=1,1
(mol); =0,05 (mol)
Goi
X,
y, z \in luot la
s6'
mol ciia
CrjOj,
CuO,
Fe304 c6 trong h6n hop X.
prPlT:
CrjOj
+6HC1

^
2CrCl3
+3H2O
X
6x 2x
CuO
+
2HCl->-CuCl2
+H2O
J, , ,
y
^ 2y y
Fe304
+8HCl->2FeCl3
+FeCl2
+4H2O
z ^ 8z 2z z
Dung
djch Y g6m: 2x mol
CrClj;
y mol CuQj 2z mol FeQj; z mol
FeClj.
Y
+
Ni:
Ni
+
2FeCl3-).2FeCl2+NiCl2
z/2 <-z ''• '
Ni

+CUCI2
>Cu
+NiCl2
y/2<-y/2
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 6x + 12y + 87 = 1,1 => 3x + y +,4z = 0,55 (1)
z/2+ y/2 = 0,05 => z + y = 0,1 (2)
CAn
tinh:
m=mcK:i3
+mcua2
+'"FeCi3
+'"FeCi2
"
=>m
=
158,5+ 135.^+162,5.7+127
2 2
=>m
=
158,5x +67,5y
+
226z. v
=>m=67,5(y
+ z)+158,5(x + z) (3)
TO
(1,
2) vao (3) duoc:
m
= 67,5.0,1+ 158,5.0,15=30,525(gam)
Dap an

diing
1^
A.
Cau
18:
Kh6i
luong t6'i
thi^u
NaOH Q, d^ oxi hoa hoan to^ vdd 0,» ' ;nol
NaCrOz thanh Na2Cr041^ luot la
A.
1.6gva
l,065g. B. 3,2 g va 2,13 g.
C. 1,2 gva 1,065 g. D. 1,6 g v^ 2,13 g.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
PTHH:
2NaCr02 + ^Clj +
8NaOH->
2Na2Cr04 +
6NaCl
+
4H2O
0,01 -> 0,015-> 0,04 (mol)
mNaOH
= 0,04.40 = l,6g; mpj = 0,015.71 = l,065g ^ ^
E)ap an
diing
la A.

Cau
19: Ho^ tan hoan to^n m gam h6n hop g6m Na, Ba, K v^o nu6c thu duoc x
gam khi H,. Ne'u cho m gam h6n hop trfen tic dung vdd dung djch HQ du, r6i c6
can dung djch sau phan
ling
thi
khd'i
luong mud'i khan thu duoc 1^
A.
(m + 17x)gam B. (m + 35,5x)gam
C. (m + 142x)gam D. (m + 17,75x)gam , ,
35
Ttnwaat
mm
gtat
nhann
BTH0irn^srTap7
-Timtanli
Toan
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Ki
hifiu
Chung
ba kim
loai
1^ M (hoa trj
chung
1^ n).

M
+
nHjO
^ M (OH)^ + f "2 ''^
M +
nHa^Ma„+|H2
t •
Lufong
H2
sinh
ra
trong
2
phan
ihig n^y
bling
nhau.
2 X
Vay
kh6i
lucmg
mudl
thu
duoc:
m^i^ ,„,i + m.^™. = m + 35,5x (g)
Dap an
dung
la B.
Dang
3:

Dieu
che,
tinh
che
vd
phdn
Met cdc
halogen
vd hap
chdi
cua
halogen
1. Li thuyet
vakn
dung
va
phuorng
phap
giai:
- Dilu ch^ cac
halogen
trong
phong
thi
nghidm
va
trong
c6ng
nghidp:
4HX(,)

+ MnO. —^ MnX^ + +
2H2O
16HX,,)
+
2KMn04
> 2KX + 2MnX2 + X2 + 8H2O
6HX(„
+
KQOj
> KCl + 3X2 + 3H2O
2NaX
+
MnOj
+ 2H2SO4,,, —^ Xj +
MnS04
+
Na.SO^
+ 2H2O
(X la a, Br, I)
m^ng
ngan
2Naa + 2H2O > 02! + H2t + 2NaOH
xtt"
4HCI
+ O2 < > 2a2 +
2H20
2NaBr
+
a2(ve«du)
—^ Br2 +

2Naa
2NaI
+
Cl2(w«du)
—^
I2
+
2Naa
Di^u
chd' cac
hidro
halogenua
HX:
CaF2„)
+
H2S04(d)
-ii^
2HFt
+
CaS04
i
2Naa„
+
H2S04,<,)
'""'"""^
> 2Ha +
Na2S04
H2,ic,+
Cl2„,
—!-^2Ha,k,

RH + ^ RCl + HCl
PX3
+ 3H2O ^ 3HX +H3PO3
Thuc
te. 3X2 + 2P + 6H2O 6HX + 2H3PO3
f)iiu
ch6 cac hop
chat
c6 oxi ciia clo:
CI2
+ 2NaOH(,„j„g) > NaQ +
NaQO
+ H2O
02
+ Ca(OH)2(b«„ >
CaOClj
+ H2O
302
+
6KOH
—^ 5KC1 +
KOOj
+
3H2O
602
+
6Ca(OH)2
—^
€3(003)2
+ 5Caa2 + 6H2O

2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
'rhidu
I
Chat
diing d^ 1^ kh6 khi 02 im \h
A.
NajSOj
khan. B. dung dich H2SO4 dam dac.
C CaO. D- dung djch NaOH dac.
^
(Trick
di
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
-
Khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Cha't
CO
th^ dung di lam kh6 khi 02 im phai la: v
+
Chaft
hao
nude
+

Chat
khdng tac dung vdd Oj
Thoa
man di^u ki6n tr6n la dung dich
H2SO4
dam dac.
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 2: C6 4 6'ng nghidm
duoc
danh s6
theo
tu: tu 1, 2, 3, 4. M6i 6ng nghifim
chiia m6t trong cac dung dich AgNOj,
Zn02,
HI,
Na2C03.
Bife't
rang:
- Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 3 t^c dung
duoc
vdd nhau sinh ra
ch&t
khi;
- Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 4 kh6ng phan
ling
duoc
vol nhau.
Dung dich trong cac 6'ng nghifim 1, 2, 3,41^ lupt 1^:
A.
ZnCl2,Na2C03,HI,AgN03

B.
AgN03,HI,Na2C03,ZnCl2
C.
AgN03,Na2C03,HI,ZnCl2
D.
ZnCl2,HI,Na2C03,AgN03
(Trick
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khdi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
- 6ng nghidm 2 va 3 la HI,
Na2C03:
2HI +
Na2C03
2NaI
+ COj t
+H2O
- ^ng nghiem 2 va 4 la HI, ZnClj.
HI
+
ZnCl2kh6ng
xay ra
=> 6ng nghiem 2 la HI.

^ng nghifim 3,4 \in lupt la
Na2C03,
ZnQj.
=> 6ng nghiem 1 la AgN03 (dung dich con lai).
Vay 1, 2, 3,4 \in lupt la
AgN03,HI,Na2C03,ZnCl2
E>^p an diing la B.
37
j TM du 3: Kh6ng khi trong ph6ng thi nghiSm bi 6 nhi^m boi khi clo.
khiJt
d6c,
c6
th^
xit v^o khdng khi dung dich nao sau day?
;
A. Dung dich
NH,.
B. Dung dich NaQ.
C.
Dung dich
NaOH.
D. Dung dich
H2SO4
loang.
(Trich
detuyen
sink Dai hoc khoi A)
i
Hu&ng
ddn

gidi
C6 th^
xit dung dich
NH3: 2NH3
+
SClj
+
6HC1
HC1
+
NH3->NH4C1
Ddp dn diing la A.
Thidu 4: Trong phong thi nghiSm, ngirori ta thucmg dilu chd'clo bang each
A.
cho dung dich
HCl
dac tac dung vdi
MnOi,
dun nong.
B.
Aitn phan dung djch
NaCl
c6 mkng ngan.
C.
dien phan
nong
chay
NaCl.
D.
cho

F2
d^y
Clj
ra khoi dung dich NaQ.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sink DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng
din
gidi
Trong
PTN,
nguod ta thucfng dilu che' khi clo bang each cho cha't oxi hoa manh
(MnOj,
KCIO3,
KMn04,
CaOQz, )
tac dung
vdri
axit clohidric dSc:
4Ha
+
MnOj
—^
CI2
+
MnQj
+
2H2O

6Ha
+
KQOa
> SQj + KQ + m.O
16Ha
+ 2KMn04 >
SCl^
+
2KC1
+
2Mna2
+
SH.O
2HC1
+
CaOa,
>
CI2
+
CaClj
+
H^O
Chu
v; Ne'u chat oxi hoa la Mn02 thi dn phai dun nong, con
cha't
oxi hoa la
KMn04
,
KQOj
hoac

CaOClj
phan
ihig
xay
ra
b nhiet d6 thucmg.
Dap an diing la A.
Thi
du 5: Di nhan
biet
3 axit dac, ngu6i:
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
dung n€ng
biet
trong 3 lo mat nhan, ta dung thu6c thif la
A. Cu.
B.CuO.
C.Al. D.Fe.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Ta
chon thu6c
thiir
la
Cu:

Cu
+ HQ > kh6ng phan ling.
Cu
+
IHjSO^a^^
„g„,i)
>
CUSO4
+
S02t
+
2H2O
kh6ng mau, mili h^c
Cu
+
4HN03«,^.„g„^i,
>
Cu(N03)2
+
2N02t
+
2H2O
mau nau do
Dap an diing la A.
Chu
y:
Kim
loai
yd'u (kim
loai

diing
sau H trong day
difin
hoa, nhu Cu,
Ag, )
kh6ng
phan
ling
vdi dung dich HQ.
Kim
loai
yfi'u
(Cu, Ag, Hg, ) tac dung vdi
H2SO4
dac, tao ra san ph^
khir
la
SO2
(kh6ng mau,
miii
hac); tac dung vdi
HNO3
dac tao ra san ph^m
khii
la NO,
(mau nau).
fhfduS: Co the phan bidt 3 dung dich: KOH, HCl,
H2S04(loang)
bang m6t
thu6'c

thir
la
A.
gia'y quy
tim.
B.
Al.
C. BaCOj. D. Zn.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Chon thu6'c
thir
la BaC03:
BaCO,
+ KOH (dd): khdng
CO
hidn tuomg '
BaCOj
+
2HC1
-> BaCh + CO.J + HjO
5
w;
BaCOj
+

H2SO4
BaS04^ +
COjt
+ HjO
Dap an
diing
la C.
Thi
du 7: Neu cho 1 mol m6i chat: CaOCl,,
KMn04,
K2Cr207, Mn02 ISn luot
phan
ling
vdri
luong du dung djch HCl dac, cha[t tao ra luong khi nhi^u
nhat la
A.
KMn04.
B.
KjCrjO,.
C. CaOa2. D. MnOz-
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh DH khoi A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
PTPir
xay

ra:
CaOCU
+
2HC1
> CaCU +
CljT
+
H2O
1
mol
1
mol
2KMn04
+ 16HC1 > SCU + 2Ka + 2Mna2 +
8H2O
1
mol 2,5 (mol)
K2Cr207
+ 14Ha > 3Ch + 2Ka +
2Cra3
+ IH.O
1
mol 3 (mol)
MnOj
+ 4HC1 > CI2 +
MnCl2
+ H2O
1 mol
1
mol . ,

Vay
tir K2Cr207 d\6u che' duoc nhi^u
CU
nha't.
Dap an
diing
la B.
Thi
du 8: Co ba dung dich: amoni hidrocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat
va ba cha't long: ancol
etylic,
benzen,
anilin
dung trong sau 6'ng nghidm
ri^ng
biet.
Ne'u chi dung m6t thud'c thiJ duy nha't la dung dich HCl thi nhan biet
duoc t6'i da bao nhieu 6'ng nghiem? ,
A.
5. B.6. C. 3. D.4.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh DH,
kh6i_Al_
39
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
- Trich cac miu thu vao 6'ng

nghiSm.
- Cho
tijf
tiir
dung djch HCl vao cic mSu thif:
+ MSu nao tao ra khi bay Itn => m3u
chura
amoni
hidrocacbonat
NH4HCO3:
HQ +
NH4HCO3
> CO,t +
NH4a
+
H2O
+ MSu tao ra k6't tua
trSng,
sau do k€t tua bi tan => mSu
chura
natri aluminat
Na[Al(OH)4]:
HCl
+ Na[Al(OH)4] >
Al(OH)3i
+ NaQ + HjO
3HC1 +
Al(OH)3
>
AICI3

+ 3H2O
+ MSu tao ra v^n due => mSu chira natri
phenolat
QHjONa :
HQ + CgHjONa > C^HjOHi + NaQ
+ MSu tao ra
chat
long kh6ng tan => mSu chiia
ancol
etylic QHjOH:
HCl
+
C3H5OH
—^
C2H5CI
+ H2O
khdng tan
+ MSu tao ra 2
Idrp
chSft
long kh6ng tr6n ISn vao nhau => mSu chira
benzen
C^Hf,:
HCl
+ QHe • Kh6ng tac dung
+ MSu tao ra dung dich ddng
nha't
=:> mSu chiia anilin CsHjNHz:
HCl
+ C^H^NH, >

C6H5NH3CI
(Tan)
DAp dn dung la B.
Thi du 9: Di loai bo Al, Fe, CuO ra khoi h6n hop g6m Ag, Al, Fe va CuO, c6
th^
dung lucmg du dung djch nao sau
day?
A.
Dung djch
Fe(N03)3.
B. Dung dich HCl.
C. Dung djch
HNO3.
D. Dung djch NaOH.
(Trich
detuyen
sink
Cao
ddng
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Vi
Al, Fe, CuO diu phan
ling
vdri
HCl (dd), con Ag khdng phan
ihig

vdi HQ
=>
CO
th^
diing
dung djch HCl (du)
Dap an dung la B.
TM du 10: Trong phong thi nghiem khi di^u che' tir MnOj va dung djch HQ
dac, dun nong, d^ loai bo khi HQ ISn trong nguoi ta thucmg rira khi nay
bang
A.
dung djch
H2SO4
B. dung djch NaOH
C. dung djch AgNOj D. dung djch NaQ
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Nguod ta dung dung djch NaCl vi:
- HQ tan nhi^u trong dung djch NaCl
- Khi a. It tan trong dung djch NaQ.
Dap an dung la D.
40
3
Cac bal t$p tu
luyfen:
Cdu
1- N""g KMn04 m6t thcfi gian thu
ducrc
h6n hop

chat
rSn X. Trong X c6
th^
CO
nhi^u
nha't
bao nhidu hop
chat
tac dung diroc
vdri
dung djch HCl giai
phong CI, ? •
3
B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
FTPU':
2KMn04
K2Mn04
+ MnOj + O^
,X
CO
thd'chura K,Mn04, MnO,, KMn04 (du).
Cac
chat
trong X tac dung
vdri
HCl dac d^u c6 th^ giai phdng
khi

CI2.
PTPLT:
K2Mn04
+ 8HC1 2KC1 + MnCl, + 202 +
4H2O
Mn02
+ 4HC1 MnQj +
CI2
+
2H2O
2KMn04
+ 16HC1 ->
2KCI2
+ 2MnCl2 + SQa +
SHjO.
Dap an dung la A.
cau 2: Hian umg cua cSp
cha't
nao
dudri
day khong th^
sijf
dung d^ di6u chd' cac
mu6'i sat (III)?
B. Fe
vdri
Brj
D.
Fe
vdri

HNO3
dac, ndng,
du.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
A.
Fe
vdri
I,
C.
FeCl2
vdri
Br,
0
cac PTHH xay ra:
Fe + L
2Fe + SBr,
Fe + 6HNO
-•FeL
6FeCl2
+
3Br2
2FeBr3
3
(d.c,du,
>Fe(N03)3+3N02+3H20
->4Fea3+2FeBr3
Dip
an dung la A.

Cau
3:
Khi
didu
ch6 CI.
bang
cdch
cho KMn04 tac dung
vdri
dung djch HQ dac thi HQ
A.
vira la
cha't
khiJr,
vtra la
cha't
tao m6i truomg.
B. la
chat
khijr
C.
la
cha't
oxi hoa
D.
vira la
cha't
oxi hod, vCra Ik
chSft
tao m6i truomg.

Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
-1 0 -1
PTPIT:
2KMn04+16HCl-*5Cl2 +
2KCl+2Mna2+8H20
f
-1 0
HCl
vira la
chat
khtr
C1->C1
vira
la m6i truomg
An dung
\k
A.
a
'Cl
41
C&u 4:
Phong
thi
nghidm
bi 6
nhidm
lirong nho khf
CI,.

Phuong
phap t6't nha't dung
di loai bo khf d6c nay la
A.
phun dung dich KBr B. Phun dung
djch
NaOH
C.
phun dung dich
CaCOH),
D. di hd lo dung dung
djch
NH, dSc
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Di loai bo lirgng nho khf Clj, phuong phap t6't nha't 1^ dting khf NH3 (khi NHj
duoc sinh ra bang each d^ ha lo dung dung dich NH3 dac)
3CU +
8NH3
^ N, +
6NH4a
Dap
an dung la D.
Cau
5: Khi
diiu
chd' khf CK trong phong thi nghifim bang each oxi hoa axit HCl
khf
clo thu duoc thucmg c6 lln
HCl.

Di loai bo khf
HCl
trong khf
diiu
chi
duoc
c&n
dSn h6n hop khi nay qua
A.
dung dich
NaCl.
B.
nirdc.
C.
dung dich AgNOj. D. dung dich NaOH.
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Di loai bo HQ nguofi ta dSn h6n hop
HCl,
Q, qua dung dich NaQ. Vi dung
4
djch
NaQ ha'p thu HCl, con
CI2
tan v& ft trong dung
djch
NaCl.
Dap
an diing la A.
Cau

6: Co eac hoa chat: K^CrA- HQ, KMn04, MnO,,
NaCl,
HCIO,
H^SO,,
KCIO3.
Nhihig hoa chat duoc sir dung d^ didu ch€
CI2
trong phong thf nghiem la
A.
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,HC10
B.
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,MnOj,NaCl,HCIO,H2SO4
C.
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,NaCl,HCIO
D.
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
PTHH eac phan ung didu ehe CU trong PTN:
16HC1 + 2KMn04 ^ 2KCI + IMnCXj +
5CI2
+ SHjO
4HC1 +
Mn02MnCl2
+
CI2
+
2H2O
6HC1 + KClOj ->
KCl

+
3CI2
+
3H2O
14HC1 +
K2Cr207
2KC1 +
2CrCl3
+
3CI2
+7H2O
=> Cae hoa chat:
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103
Dap
an diing la D.
Dang
4: Xdc
dinh
chat
phdn
vcng,
phuong
trinh
hod hoc
vd
chuoiphdn
itng
cua cdc
halogen
vd hop

chat
1. Li
thuyet
v^n
dung
va
phuong
phap
giai:
-
Xem phdn If thuyfi't ve nhom halogen.
-
M6t s6' chu y:
+
Cac don chat halogen (F,,
CI,.
Br,,
I,)
d^u c6 tfnh oxi hoa manh.
+
Cac axit
halogen
hidric (HCl, HBr, HI) d^u c6 tfnh
khif
(tdc
dung
v6i eac
chat
oxi hoa
manh)

va c6 tfnh oxi hoa (tac
dung
vdi kim loai).
+
Axit
flohidric HF la axit
yfi'u,
c6 tfnh
chat
dac biet (an mon thuy tinh):
4HF +
SiOz
->
SiF4
+
2H2O
+
KhfCO,
tacdungvorinude
Javen,
eloruav6i:
NaClO +
CO2
+
H2O
-> HQO + NaHCOj
2CaOCl, + CO, +
H2O
CaCOj
+ CaClj +

2HC10
+
FTHH:
2FeCl2
+ a, ->
2FeCl3
2FeCl3
+ Fe ->
3FeCl2
^ ,
2. Cac
thi
du
minh
hoa:
Thi du 1: Cho phirong
trinh
hoa hoc (vdi a, b, c, d la cac
h&
s6):
aFeS04
+
bCl2
->
cFe2
(SO4
)3
+
dFeCl,
Ti

le a
:
c la
A.
4: 1. B.3:2. C.2: 1. . D. 3 : 1.
( Trich
dethi
tuyen
sinh
DH
khoi
B)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Hoan
thanh phircfiig
trinh
hoa hoc:
+2 +3
2Fe-2.1e->2Fe
0
-1
2Cl+2.1e->2Cl
6FeS04
+
3CI2
->
2Fe2
(804)3 +
^^^^'3

=>a:e
= 6:2 = 3:l
Dap an diing la D.
Thidu
2: Hay cho bid't,
phan
ling nao sau day HCl
dong
vai tro la cha^t oxi
hoa?
A.
Fe +
KNO3
+ 4HC1
FeCl3
+ KCl + NO + 2H,0
B.
MnO, + 4HC1 ->• MnQj +
C\2
+
2H2O
3,,
C. Fe + 2HC1 ->
FeCl2
+ H^
D.
NaOH + HCl -> NaQ + H,0
(Trich de thi du bi dai hoc)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi

Trong eac
phan
ling hoa hoc kim loai chi the' hifen tfnh
khijf
ntn khi tac
dung
vod
kim
loai axit HCl
dong
vai tro la clia't oxi hoa. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia HCl do
thanh
2
,
11 +1 0
phan
H the'
hien:
2H+ 2e -> H
PTHH:
Fe + 2
HCl
-> FeCl, + H
£^ap an diing la C.
2
-^-"2
43
Th(
du 3: Khi nao sau day khong b| oxi hoi
bofi

nu6c
gia-ven?
A. CO2.
B. SO,. C. H,S. D. HCHO.
(Trich
de
tuyin
sink
Cao
dang
Khoi A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Nirdc
Gia-ven c6
tinh
oxi hoa manh nfen se oxi hoa durgc cac
cha't
c6
tinh
khix
nhu
S02,H2S,HCHO
Con
khi CO2 kh6ng c6 kha nang th^
hifin
tinh
khijf
ntn se kh6ng bi oxi hod boi

nude
Gia-ven.
Dap an
diing
la A.
Chu
y; - Tuy vay, CO, vSn phan
ling
duoc
vdi
nude
Giaven (khdng phai phan
ling
oxi
hoa -
khiJf):
CO2
+
H2O
+ NaClO -> HCIO + NaHCOj
-
Cac khi bi oxi hoa boi
nude
Javen:
SO2
+ NaClO +
H2O
NaCl +
H2SO4
H2S

+ 4NaC10 ->
H2SO4
+ 4NaCl
HCHO
+ NaClO ^ NaCl + HCOOH
Thi
du 4: Cho cac phan ung sau:
4HC1
+
MnOi
• MnQ, + + 2H2O
2HC1
+ Fe > FeClj + H,
I4HC1
+
K^Cr^O,
> 2KC1 +
2Cra3
+ 30, +
THjO
6HC1
+ 2A1 >
2AICI3
+ 3H2
16Ha + 2KMn04 >
2KCI
+ 2Mna2 + SCU + SHjO
S6' phan ung trong d6 HCl th^
h\tx\h
oxi hoa la

A.
3. B.4. C. 1. D. 2.
(Trich
Delhi
tuyen
sink
DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Trong
cac phan iJng, HQ thd' hidn
tinh
oxi hoa khi n6 tac dung
vdri
kim
loai
(tinh
oxi
hoa
ciia
ion H*)- Do do trong cac phan ung vdi kim
loai,
HCl th^ hidn
tinh
oxi
hoa:
M
- ne M"*
H"

+ 2e -). H,
=>
c6 2 phan
irng
(phan
ling
vdi kim
loai
Al,
Fe)
Dap an
diing
la D.
Thidu 5: Cho cac
chat:
Al,
AUO3,
Al2(S04)3,
Zn(OH)2, NaHS,
K2SO3,
(NH4)2C03.
S6'
chat
d^u phan
ihig
duoc
vdd dung dich
HCl,
dung dich NaOH la
A.

5. B.6. C.4. D.7.
(Trich
Delhi
tuyen
sinh DH - CD kh6i A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
dc
chat Al,
AI2O3,
Zn(OH)2, NaHS, (NH4)2C03 d^u phan ling duoc vdi dung
dich
HQ, dung djch NaOH.
Phuong trinh hoa hoc cdc phan ling minh hoa:
*)
D6 1^ m6t s6' kim loai
(Al,
Zn, ):
2A1
+ 6Ha >
AICI3
+
3H2
2A1
+ 2NaOH + 6H2O >•
2Na[Al(OH)4]
+ 3H2
*)
Cdc chat luong tinh: j,

AI2O3
+
6Ha
>
2Aia3
+
3H2O
AI2O3
+ 2NaOH + 3H2O ^
2Na[Al(OH)4]
, ,
^
Zn(OH)2
+ 2Ha > Zna2 + 2H2O
Zn(OH)2
+ 2NaOH >
Na2[Zn(OH)4]
,^(1
NaHS + HQ > NaQ + H2S
NaHS + NaOH > NajS + H2O
(NH4)2C03 + 2Ha >
2NH4CI
+ COjt +
H2O
(NH4)2C03 + 2NaOH > 2NH3 + Na2C03 + H2O
=> CO
5
ch&X.
Dap an diing la A.
Thidu 6: Cho

bife't
cac phan ihig xay ra sau:
2FeBr2 +
Br2
>
IFeBr^
2NaBr
+
02
> 2NaCl +
BT2
Phat
bi^u diing la :
A.
Tinh
khix ciia
CI"
manh hon Br".
B.
Tinh
oxi hoa ciia
Brj
manh hon ctia
Q2.
C.
Tinh
khu ciia
Br"
manh hcni ciia Fe"*
D.

Tinh
oxi hoa ciia Gi manh hon ciia Fe'*. "
(Trich
De thi
luyen
sinh DH - CD khdi B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Taco:
•
Tinh
khir
ciia Br" manh hon Q" (vi tinh
khir
F < Q" < Br" < T)
Tinh
oxi hoa
02
manh hon
Br2
(vi tinh oxi hod ciia F2 >
CI2
> Br2 > I2)
Tinh
khir
ciia Fe'* manh hon
Br"
(dua vao phan ling thii nha't)
Tinh

oxi hoa ciia Br2 manh hon Fe'* (dua vao phan iitig thuf nha't), tinh oxi hoa
^"a CI2
manh hem ciia Br2 n6n tinh oxi hoa ciia
CI2
manh hem Fe'*.
E>ap
an diing la D.
Ill
iHMl
WW
giui
nnann
BI
nuu
nt^v,
z -
i
num
i uan
Thi du 7: Day g6m
c&c
chat
d^u tac dung diroc
vdfi
dung dich HQ loang
1^
A.
AgNOj, (NH4)3C03,
CuS.
B. Mg(HC03)2, HCOONa,

CuO.
C.
FeS.
BaS04,
KOH, D. KNO,,
CaCOj,
Fe(OH)3.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sink
Dai hoc
khd'i
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Xet cac phuong an: • ^ :
•
, ;•>••
A.
Loai
VI
CuS.
B.
Thoa
man:
MgCHCOj), + 2HC1 > MgQj + 2C02t + 2K^O
HCOONa + HCl > HCOOH + NaQ
CuO + 2HC1 > CuCU + H2O
C.

Loai
vi BaS04.
D.
Loai
VI
KNO3.
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 8: Cho cac phan utig sau:
(a) 4HC1 + PbO, > PbQ, + CI2 + 2H2O
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 > NH4CI + CO, + H2O
(c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO, + 02 + 2H2O
(d) 2HC1 + Zn > ZnCU + H2
S6'
phan
lifng
trong do HQ thi hien tinh khu la
A.
3. B.4. C. 1. D.2.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc,
khd'i
B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Khi
tdc dung vori cac
chat

c6 tinh oxi hoa nhu Pb02, HNO3, thi HCl th^
hidi
ti'nh
khir:
a) 4HC1 + PbO, • PbQ, + Q, + 2H2O
Chat
khiJr
b) HQ + NH4HCO3 > NH4CI + CO2 + H2O
c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO2 + + 2H2O
Chat
khiJf
d) 2HC1 + Zn > Zna2 + H2 ^ ' ^'
Co 2 phan umg trong do HQ the' hien ti'nh
khir.
Dap an dung la D.
Thi du 9: Co cac thi nghidm sau:
(I) Nhung thanh sSt vao dung dich H2SO4 loang, ngu6i.
(II) Sue khi SO, vao
nu6c
brom.
(III)
Sue khi CO, vao nirdc Gia - ven.
(IV) Nhiing la nh6m v^o dung djch H,S04 dac, ngu6i.
S6 thi nghiem xay ra phan ting hoa hoc la
^.2. B.3. C.4. D. 1.
(Trich Dethi
tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc,
khd'i

B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
_ ,
C&c thi nghiem xay ra:
>
v
i]>.
>
•
t
(I) . Fe + H2S04(l) >FeS04 + H2 ''^
(II) : SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr
(III)
: CO2 + H,0 + NaQO > HCIO + NaHCOj
Co 3 phan ling hoa hoc xay ra.
Dap an dung la B.
Thidu
10: Cac khi c6
th^
cung t6n tai trong m6t h6n horp la
A.
CUvaO,. B.
H,Svaa,.
C.NH3vkHa. D. HIva03.
(Trich Dethi
tuyen
sinh
Cao

dang
khd'i
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Xet cac phuong an:
a. CI, + O2 > kh6ng xay ra
b. HjS + Cl, >S + 2HC1
c. NH3 + HCI > NH4CI
d.
2HI + O3 > I, + O2 + H2O
Cac phan ung
&
B, C, D d^u xay ra
or
di^u
kidn
thucfng.
Dap an diing la A.
Chuj: Halogen (F,, CI,, BTJ, L, At2) kh6ng tac dung true tie'p voi O2.
3. Cac bal tap tu luyen:
CSu
1: Truorng hop
khong
xay ra phan ling hoa hoc la
A.
CI, + 2NaOH > NaCl + NaQO + H2O
B-
Feci,

+
H2S
>
FeS +
2HC1
^-
O3
+ 2KI + H2O >
2KOH
+ I2 + O2
^ 30, + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khd'i
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
^et cac phuong an: ' - ^
A.
Dung. ^ ^