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547.076
S460D
„
GS.TS. NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG
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thong hoa kien thiic
•
Giup
de nhd va nhd
nhanh kien thUc
•
Danh
cho hoc s""

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DVL.013452
O
NHA XUAT
BAN
flAI
HOC
QUI
Hl'i'r
\
-
•
-
•••
'1
sa
DO
^4
I '
CHUOl
PHAH UTHG
WOA HOC
Hiivco
•
*
A
Giup on tap he thong hoa kieh thtic
• Giup di nhd va nhd nhanh kieh thiic

• Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10, 11, 12
• On thi tot nghiep
THPT
va luyen thi Dai Hoc
ODI
100
NHA
XOAT BAN
flAI
HOC QUOC
6IA
HA NOI
^lyctc
not
daii.
Hoa hoc la nganh khoa hoc nghifen
cihi
cac chat va su bien d6i cua cac
cha't.
Mu6'n
chuyen chat nay thanh chat khac ta cho cac chat tac dung vdi nhau
trong
nhOng
didu
kien nha't djnh
(xiic
tac, nhiet d6, ap
sua't,
).
Kifi'n

thiic
hoa hoc
chij
yfe'u la
kife'n
thiic
ve sir tuong tac giOa cac chSft xay ra
trong
phan
ting
hoa hoc va dugc
diln
ta bang phuong
trinh
hoa hoc.
Chu6i
phan
ling
giiip
cac em 6n tap, he thC'ng hoa kien
thiic
mdt
each
sinh
d6ng va hieu qua nha't.
Chudi
phan
ling
giiip
dl nhor, nhd lau boi kie'n

thiic
dirge torn tat ngan ggn
dudi
dang cac so do. Chu6i phan
ling
cung
giiip
ren luyen kha nang van dung kien
thiic,
chuSin bj t6't cho cac ki thi Tot nghidp Trung hgc ph6 thdng va Tuyen sinh Dai
hoc - Cao dang.
Xin
tran trgng
gidi
thieu cu6'n
sach:
SO
DO
CHUOl
PHAN
IfNG
HOA HOC
HCXJ
CO
Tac gia chan thanh cam on nhOng y kien dong gop cua ban dgc, nha't la
ciia
cac
Thay Co giao va cac em hgc sinh.
Tac
gid

T6M
TAT
KIEN
THQC CO BAN
vA BAI TAP CHUOI PHAN QNG
HIDROCACBON
ChU(mgl.
HIDROCACBON
A. KIEN
THirC
CO BAN
I.
HIDROCACBON
NO,
MACH
Hd
(ANKAN)
1. Cong thiic
Chung:
C„H2„,2
(n > 1)
2.
Ca'u
tao
•
Nguyfin
tir C trong phan tir ankan d^u d trang
thdi
lai hoa sp' (cacbon tii:
dian),

goc hoa
tri
bang I09''28'.
•
Trong phan tir chi c6
lidn
kd't a nen nguyen tir C quay dugc dl dang quanh
true
lien
ket don C—C.
3.
linh chat vat h
•
d
didu
kien thuomg : C, ->
C4
la chat khi
C, ->
Ciftla
chat long
C|7
tro len la cha't ran
•
Khi so nguyen
tijr
C tang thi phSn tir
khoi
tang nen t" tang. Mach cacbon
cang phan nhanh thi be mat tid'p

xiic
cang giam nen
lire
hut giua cac phan tix
giam
nen t" giam.
•
Vi khong c6
lien
ket hidro vdi
nude
ndn tat ca hidrocacbon no deu khdng tan
trong
nude
(ki nude) nhung tan nhieu trong dung moi
huti
co.
4.
Tinh
chat hoa hoc
+
Phan umg the halogen ^
C,|Hi|,
^.
3
+ ZXT ——^ C„H2„
+
2—
Vi (III:
CH4

+ CI: ) CH3CI + HCI
Metyl
clorua (clometan)
CH4 + 2C!2 >
CH2C1,
+ 2HC1
Metylen
clorua (diclometan)
CH4
+ 3CI, >
CHCI3
+
3HCI
Clorofom
(triclometan)
CH4
+
4CI2
CCI4
+
4HC!
Cacbon tetraclorua (tetraclo metan)
Cac d6ng phSn cua metan cung tham gia phan iJng
thfi'
tucmg
tir
metan.
Vf
du:
CI2,

as
25°
C
CHj-CHa-CHj
+
CHj-CHj-CH.a
+ HQ
2
— clopropan (57%)
1
— clopropan (43%)
CH3-CH2-CH3
2a^iL_^
CH3-CHBr-CH,
+
CHj-CH CH^Br
+ HBr
25°C
2-brompropan (97%)
1
-
brompropan (3%)
(san phim chinh) (san ph^m phu)
•
Qo the' cho H a cacbon cac bac khac nhau.
Brom
hdu nhu chi the' cho H d
cacbon bac cao. Flo phan
ling
manh

lidt
n6n phan huy ankan thanh C va HF.
lot
qua y6'u n6n kh6ng phan
ting
vori
ankan.
•
Phan
umg
clo hoa va brom h6a xay ra theo co
ch6'
goc - day
truyln.
a)
Bir6c
khoi
mao :
cij-ci
—^ cr
+
cr
b)
Buorc phat
tri^n
day
truy^n
:
CHJIH
+

CI*
-)•
'CHi
+
HCl
•CH3
+
CI
-f
CI
CH3C1 + cr
CH31
H +
CI*
^
c)
Bixorc
dut day
truy^n
Cl'
+
Cr
^ CI.
•CH3
+ a* ^ CH3C1
•CH3
+
*CH3
CH3-CH3
+

Phan ung
tiich
(gay
lien
ket C - C va C -H)
"^f
)
QH3^
+
C„_,H,(„_,),,
(m>2; n-m>0)
CH3CH2CH2CH3
500°C
>
xt
>
CH3CH
=
CHCH3
+
H2
CH3CH
=
CH2
+
CH4
CH2
=
CH2
+

CH3CH3
Nhdn xet:
Dudri
tac dung cua nhidt va xuc tac Fe, Pt,
),
cac ankan kh6ng
nhOng
bi tach hidro tao thanh hidrocacbon khCng no ma con bj gay cac
li6n
k6't
C - C d^ tao ra cac phan tir nho hem.
Gia
sir ta c6 so
d6
:
ankan
khi
khac
Hon
hdp X
crackinh
->
honh(?pY
Trong
phan umg crackinh s6
mol
khi sau phan umg tSng nhimg
kh6'i
liromg
kh6ng

doi
VI
ham
lirong
C va H trong X va Y nhu nhau nx <
ny
-> P, < P,
—.
, Mx iv 1
Mat
khac : mx = my -> Mx > My -» dx/y = =^ = > '
MY
Tir
bi^u
thiic:
^ = ^ va
dxA-
= — ta se
tinh
duoc ny do do
tinh
duoc % ankan
nx
Pi "x
bi
nhiet phan
+
Phan
umg
oxi

hoa
a)
Oxi hoa hodn toan
Khi
dd't cac ankan chay tao ra CO,,
H-,0
va toa
nhilu
nhiet
C„H2„,2
+ Y ^- nC02 + (n + DH.O
W^M;CH4
+ 202 ^ C02 + 2H,0 ^
Nhdn xet: Khi d6't chay m6t hay m6t
h6n
hop cac hidrocacbon thu6c
ciing
day
d6ng
dang ma thu duoc :
"CO2
<"H20
Hoac : no2 > l.Sncoj
->
Cac hidrocacbon do thu6c day dong
ding
ankan va
"hh
= "HJO- "CO2 "hh
=2(no2-

^'^"002)
h)
Oxi hoa khdng hodn todn
•
Neu khong du oxi, ankan chay khdng hoan toan, khi do ngoai CO2 va HjO
con
tao ra cac san ph^m nhu CO,
mu6i
than, khdng
nhiimg
lam giam nang
sua't
toa nhiet ma con gay doc hai cho m6i truomg.
•
Khi
CO
chat xuc tac, nhiet do
thich
hop, ankan bi oxi hoa khdng hoan toan tao
thanh dSn xua't
chiia
oxi.
Vi
du :
CH4
+ 0, ^" „ >
HCHO
+
H2O
our-j

200atni.300"C
•
Ne'u mach cacbon dai, khi oxi hoa c6 the' bi be gay :
CHiCH,CH,CH3
+ O, '"'I >
2CH3COOH
+ H,0
+
Phan
umg
phan
huy
•
Phan
hiiy
boi nhiet:
1
()()()"
c
DSc biet:
•
PhSn
huy bai clo :
C„H„,.3
+ (n
H-
DCU
,„Hs.C^,c.rn,
> + 2(n + DHQ
5. Dieuche

a)
Khai
then-
ti( ddu mo, klii
thien
nhien
qua cue con dudng
crackinh
va chifng cat
phc'in
doan.
h) Phuon^
phdp
tdn^
mach
cachon
•
Tdnghop Vuydc(Phap)
2C„H„„ ,X + 2Na (C„H3„,+ 2NaX
Chu y: N6'u dung hai loai d3n
xua't
halogen c6 g6c ankyl khac nhau se thu
duoc h6n hop 3 ankan song kho tach khoi nhau vi chiing c6 nhi6t d6 s6i xa'p
XI
bang nhau:
R-R
+ 2NaX
R-R'
+ 2NaX
R'-R'

+ 2NaX
•
T6ng hop Konbe (Dure)
2RCOONa
+ 2H.O -^2!^ R - R + 2CO,t + 2NaOH + H.t
Anot Catot
c) Phuang
phdp
gidm
much
cachon
•
Phuong phap Duma :
RCOONa
+
NaOH
—RH +
Na^COj
RX
+ R'X + 2Na
Vidu:
CaO
t'
CaO
CH,COONa
+
NaOH
—CH4 +
Na,COi
t"

CH,(COONa),
+ 2NaOH —Sfi2_^ CH4 +
2NaX03
•
Phuong phap crackinh :
Q.^:
+
2 —ir2£]Hi2S—^
C,„H2„, + C,„.
„,,H2,„.
^,
+
2
(m > 2, n > m)
+ Phuong phap gift nguyen mach cacbon
•
Hidro hoa anken, ankin, ankadien tuong iJng :
QHi,,
+
HT
——>
C„H2„
+ 2
1°
C,iH2„
- 2
+ 2H2 ——>
QiH,,,
+
2

•
Di tir ancol no, dcm chiic :
C„H2,„,OH
+ 2HI —> C„H2„,2 + H2O + I2
+ Mot so phmmg phap khac
a) Tif
nhom
cachiia
:
AUCj+
I2H2O
4Al(OH)3i
+ 3CH4
(Di^u
chd-AI4C, : 2AI2O3 + 9C ) Al^Q +
6C0T)
h) Ti(C vdH. :
C
+ 2H.
Ni
.
.TOOT
^
CH4
II.
HIDROCACBON
NO, MACH VONG (XICLOANKAN)
J. Cong thitc
chung:
C„H2„ (n>3)

2. Tinh chat hoa hoc
a) Phdn
iOi}>
cgng md
vdni>
ci'ia
xiclopropan
vd .xiclohutan
^'
>
CH,-CH CH3
80° C
propan
+
Br2 CH2Br-CH2-CH2Br
/,.? -
dihrompropan
+
HBr ^ CH,-CH2-CH2Br
/
-
hiompropan
Xiclobutan chi c6ng vdi hidro :
Ni
120°C
>
CH,-CH2-CH2-CH3
Xicloankan vong 5, 6 canh tro len khdng c6 phan ting c6ng ma vong trong
nhirng
dieu ki^n trSn.

h) Phdn
I'rng
the
Phan
ling
thd' a xicloankan tuong tu nhu a ankan. Vi du :
a
+
Ch —
+
HC1
xiclopentan
+
CU
\ HCi
xiclohexan
(•) Phdn I'fng oxi hoa
hodn
todn
C„H2„+y02
nCO.
+ nH20
C6H,2+
9O2 ^ 6CO2 + 6H2O
3.
»i6uche
Ngoai
viec
tach
trirc

ti^'p tuf qua
trinh
chung
cat
ddu
mo,
xicloankan
con
diroc
didu
che'
tuf
ankan.
Vi
du
:
CH3[CH.]4CH,
) 11+ Hj
4.
iTng dung
Ngoai
viec
dung
lam
nhien
Vitu
nhu ankan, xicloankan dugc dung
lam
dung
m6i,

lam nguydn lieu di^u chfi'cac chat khac.
t",
xt
o
benzen
+
3H.
xiclohexan
5.
Cdch viet dong phdn mach vdng
•
Ve
vong 16n nha't roi thu nho dan,
chii
y
t6 hop
cac
loai nhanh (neu
c6).
• Them
cac
nguyen
t\X
H vao
mach
de
dam bao dung hoa tri
IV
ciia cacbon.
CH,

CHj — CH, CH,
H,C CH,
xiclopropan
B.
BAI TAP
CHu6l
PHAN
iTNG
Bai
1.
CHj
— CH,
xiclohutan
CH
—
CH3
metylxk 7 opropan
(6)
»
C3H5CI
(17)
(1)^
CH5OH
CH4(OH)3
•> Cao su Buna
»
CH
Huong
Akn
giai

Dap
an
A la:
AI4C,
B
la:
CH.COONa
D
la:
QHj
4^10
8
Ela:
CH,CHO
F
la: QH4
G la: C4H,
H
la:
CaC
Cac phirong
trinh
hoa hoc
:
(1)
AI4C,
+
12H,0^4A1(0H),
+3CH4
(2)

CH,COONa
+
NaOH
^"^''^
>
CH4
+
Na.CO,
(3)
CH4
+ CI, >
CH3CI
+ HCl
(4)
2CH4
'-'"""^
>
QH,
+
2H,
(5) 2CH.,C1
+ 2Na CM, +
2NaCl
(6) C,H,
+
CI,
CH^Cl
+
HCl
(7) C,H4

+HC1
->C,H,C1
(8) C,H4
+
Br, C,H4Br,
(9)
C,H4
+ H,0
CjHsOH
(10)
3C,H4
+
2KMn04
+
4H2O
3C,H4(OH),
+
2K0H
+
2MnO,
(11) CaC,
+ H,0 C,H, +
Ca{OH),
(12) C,H,
+
2H,
>
C,H6
(13) C,H, + H,
'''^^"-^

>C,H4
(14) C,H,
+ H,0
Hg-'»4.so"c
^
CH3CHO
(15) C,H, +HC1 ->C,H,C1
(16)
C,H4
+H,
^'-'"^
) C,H,
(17)
C,H, >
C,H4
+ H,
(18) 2C,H, ^"4Ci.'oo"c ^
C4H4
(19) C4H4
+H,
P-'co3.'"c
^ c,H,
(20)
nC4H,
>
(C4He)„
(Cao
su buna)
(21) C4H4
+2H, >

C4H,o
(22)
C4H,o
'"""^
CH4
+ C,He
9
Bai
2.
Hirdng dan giai
1.
Na-O-C-CH,-C-Na + 2NaOH ^
CH4
+ 2Na,CO,
II
r II
o
o
OiO. t
0
2. CH,COOH + 2NaOH
3.
AI4C,
+
I2H3O
^ 3
CH4
+ 4A1 (OH),
AI4C,
+ 12HC1 3

CH4
+
4AIC1,
AI4C,
+
6H,S04
^ 3
CH4
+
2AU(S04),
.0
CH4
+ Na.CO, + H,0
4. C,H«
5. C + 2H3 -
6. CO, + 4H,
7. CO + 3H,
Cnickinh, l'
CH4
+ C,H,
.100^
c
>
CH4
vi
khuan
^
CH4 + 2H,0
^
CH4 + H,0

0
8. CH,COONa + NaOH > CH4 + Na^CO,
Bai
3.
1.
CH4 -U C,H. —. CH,CHO^ C,H,OH ^C4H,
-^C4H|o
Ancol
iso-propylic<-
C,H,
2. CH,COONa
-l^CH^
—•
CiH^Cl
—^C4H|o—^CH4-
^HCHO
—•
CiH^Cl
—^C4H|o—^CH4-
It
CO,
3. QH^Cl —^C,H,OH
^C,H,0 -^CH,-CH COOH
QH,
.:
O
1) 2CH4 ,, , ) CH, + 3H,
lam
lann
nhann

- - - ».
2)
C2H2
+ H.O
Jli^h^
CH,CHO
xo"c
3) CH,,CHO + H: C.H,OH
4) 2C,H,OH ^'^"^ >
C4H,
+ 2H,0+ H,t
45(rC
5)
C4H,
+ 2H, C4H,„
6)
C4H,o
C,H, + CH4
7) CH3-CH=CH, + HOH CH, -CH - CH3
OH
©
1) 2CH,COONa + 2H,0 ,
/^'^f'
^ ) C.H^+ 2C0, + NaOH + H,T
lamlanhnhanh . o .
2) C,He + CK
'"^"^"'^"^
) C,H,,C1
3) 2C2H5CI + 2Na ^ C,H,o +
2Naa

4)
C4H,o
"''^'"^
> C,H, + CH4
5) CH4 + 0, ) HCHO + H,0
600" c
©
6()()"C
6) HCHO + 2AgO > CO, + H^O +
4Ag>l.
1)
C3H7CI
+ NaOH,„j„g —^ CiH^OH + NaCl
2)
C,H70H
+
CuO
—^
CH3-CH2-CHO
+
Cu
+
H3O
>CH3-CH,-COOH
1 ^ Mn"
3) CH,-CH,-CHO
+ -O,
2 "
4) CH,-CH2-CHO+ ^O.
>

CH3-CH,-COOH
5) CH3 -CH -CH.
+
HCI
->CH3
-
CH-CH,^*
'
CI
6) CH3-CH-CH,+NaOH,„a„g CH3-CH-CH3
+
NaOH
OH
7) CH3-CH-CH3
+
CuO^ CH,-C-CH,
+ Cu + H.O
OH
Bai 4.
>
^
xt.
t"
>
^
xt.
t"
ankan
A
^

5
>
>
B
D
»
E
Polipropilen
cao
su
isopren
"
CH,
I
-C
-
CH-
Hwong dan giai
DCjH,,
)
C,He+
C,H,
2) nCH3-CH=CH
XI.I"
. f
-CH-CH2-
CH.
3)nCH3-CH-CH2-CH3
>
rCH2=C-CH

=
CH
CH,
+ 2H,
CH3
4)nCH2
=C-CH
=
CH2
CH.
5)
nCH3-CH-CH2
-CH,
xl.t"
, f
-CH,-C
=
CH-CH,-
CH3
de
hidro
^ /
CH,
CH3-C
=
CH-CH3^
CH,
12
Cty
TNHHMTVDVVHKhang

Vift
6) nCH,-C
=
CH
I
I
XI,t
^ /
CH3
CH3
CH3
-C-CH-
I
CH
3
J„
(Bai
5, 6, 7, 8
ban doc tir viet PTHH ciia
cac
phan urng)
Bai 5.
Viet PTHH cua
cac
pu
thirc
hien chuoi bien hoa
sau :
a.
AI2O3—•AI4C3—• metan—>• metylciorua—• metilenclorua

^
—•
clorofoni
—•
tetraclometan
b.
axitaxetic natriaxetat
—•
metan—^ metylciorua^^ etan—^ etilen
c.
butan —etan —etylclorua
—•
butan—• propen
—^
propan
Bai 6.
a) Cong
thirc
phan ti'r ciia hidrocacbon
A la
CiH,,
(vong). Hay viet PTHH cua
cac
phan
I'rng
theo chuoi
sau
dudi
dang cong thuc cau tao thu gon.
-

B
+NaOH
+CuO
+0,
D
^—E
b) Dung cong thuc cau tao viet PTHH ciia
cac
phan
irng
theo
so
d6
sau :
i-Br-,
QH,o
—< " D
C4H6Br-,
(hai chat)
Bai 7.
Hoan thanh
cac
chu6i phan
irng
sau
:
-
C4H6Br2
("i9t chat)
a. A

B
Mir
c
+D
b.CHd
A—B
^E—*^
F
c. C3H6—• A|
—• A2 —A3 —• A4
d. C3H,
-
e. C2H4Br2
C
B
B2
—•
Glixeron
E
• F
HjSO^d.t''
-CH-CH2-
I
CH2-OCOCH3
F
—•
CH4
—• H2
NaOOCCH2COONa
-£{j^"

(-1'""!
pluin
irnfi
hoa
hoc
HiTii
cir
-
I\'f>uypn
\tiiiii
Trir&ng
g.
C3H6
—• C, —• C2 —•
CH3-CO-CHO
.
, , • , _^
NaOHIg
^
AgNO^/NH,
„
H2SO4
+CI2
h.
1.1
iclo|*opan
2^
A-2—B —-—
D—•
•

E F ,_^„„ G • H •
pohme
_
B • E • G
(CjHftO)
k.
A
D
• F
H
(C2H6O)
Bai
8.
Viet PTHH ci'ia chuoi plian
irng
theo
sado
sau :
a.
CaC2
• A •
B
:— • D •
F
•
CH
<
A
—• C A ^
G

J-*"
Cao su
Buna
B
CH4-*-
D E
C2H5OH
+HC1^
Biv^NaOH
c.
CH4
—• A
-•<^
J^—• D —• E —• F —•
HCHC
+2HCI^
B7 +NaOH
Chuong
2.
HIDROCACBON KHONG NO
A.
KIEN
THtrc
CO
BAN
1. Anken
(olefin)
/. Cong
thifc
Chung :

C,fl2,.
(n
>2)
2. Cdu tao
• Trong phan tir
c6
mot ndi doi
(C = C)
vdi
C
lai
hoa sp- tao goc 120",
phSng
trong
do c6 1
lien k^'t
a
b^n
va
mot lien
ket
7t kern b6n
nen
anken
dd
tham
gia phan
irng
hon ankan.
• Nguyen tir

C
khong quay diroc quanh
lian
ket ddi
(C = C)
lam xuS't hien ddng
phan khong gian (ddng phdn
cis.
trans).
3. Tinh
chat
vat
li
• Tir
Q ->
C4
la
chat khf,
Q
C|« long
va
trd I6n tdn tai dang ran.
• Nhiet
dd
ndng
chay
va
nhiet
do sdi
tuong ddi tha'p,

ti
khd'i
hoi
nhd,
tinh
tan
trong
nirdc kem.
•
Cac
anken thirdng
phfln
cue
(|.i
^ 0) va fi,„ >
\i„,„„
do dd cac
ddng phan
trans
- anken ndng
chay
a
nhiet
dp cao
hon nhung
lai sdi d
nhiet
dd
tha'p hon
so

vdi
cac
ddng phan
cis
tirong
I'rng.
• Anken hau
nhir
khdng tan trong nude
va la
nhOng chat khdng mau.
4. Tinh
chat
hoa hoc
Lien
ket n
ciia anken kem ben
At hi
dut
de
tao thanh lien
ket a
vdi
cac
nguyen tir
khac nen
dh
tham
gia
phan

I'rng
cdng, phan
ihig
trung hop
va
phan
ting
oxi hda.
+
Phsin umg cong
a)
Cgni>
//.
—>
ankan
C„H2„
+
H,
— >
C„H2,n.2
Nlian
xet :
Khi giai toan
ciin
luu
y:
Goi
X la
hdn hop anken
va

ban dau,
Y la
hdn hop thu dupc
sau
phan iJng.
Ta
cd
:
•
Neu
mot hidroeabon mach
hd
phan u'ng vira
du
vdi theo
ti le
mol
1: 1 thi
dd
la
anken.
•
Neu 2 hay
nhieu anken cdng vdi H2 vdi cung hieu
suat
thi
ta cd
the' thay hdn
hop bang cdng thuc tuoiig ducmg
C - H

C-H
-
+H.
C-H - ^, r
nank.n
pif = In
2
Pif = "umk - n,,„ '
Chi'i
y:
Khdng the' dung
each
nay neu cac
anken cdng
hop
vdi
H,
khdng cung
hieu
suat.
Sffcld
chuSiphan
li-ng
hda hpc Httu ca-
Nguyln
XuQn
Tru&ng
• Vi h6n hop X, Y c6 cung s6 mol C, H nSn d6't
chay
h6n hop A hay B d^u cho

cung ke't qua :
'o-
d6'tX = n^ d6'tY
'CO2
va r» sinh ra do d6't X = n^Q va nu r, sinh ra do dot Y
'H,o
Do do khi lam toan, neu gap h6n hop sau khi qua Ni/t° dem ddt (h6n hop Y) thi
thay vl
ti'nh
toan vdi h6n hop Y (thucmg phufc tap hem X) ta c6 thi dung cac
phan
ling
dot
chay
X de
ti'nh
nco
^
va
UH
^
o-
• m^ = mv va nv < n
X
Mx
< MY ^ d (XA') = =A = ^= -1
MY
< 1 (gia sCr
X, Y do o cung dieu kien t°, ap
sua't)

h)
Cdna
halogen
(CI Br,)
cci.
^
C„H,„X3
C„H,„ + X, (dd)
Nhan
xet :
• Phan
ling
lam mA't mau dung djch brom dirge dung dl
nhan
bi6't cac hop
chait
chiJa
liSn ket doi, lien ket ba.
•
Khd'i
lugng ciia binh dung dung dich brom tang I6n la
khoi
luong ciia anken
Ih^p
thu.
• Neu bai toan cho m6t hay mot s6' hidrocacbon mach ho thuoc ciing day d6ng
dang tac dung voi brom theo ti le mol 1: 1 thi cac hidrocacbon do la anken.
c)
Cons
HA (A = halogen, OH", OSO,H")

• Quy tac Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p : Khi c6ng mot tac nhan bat d6'i HA (axit
hoac
nucfc) vao liSn ket d6i (C = C) ciia anken thi san
phim
chinh dugc tao thanh
do
phAn
duong ciia tac nhan (H*) gin vao C ciia n6'i d6i mang di6n am
(cacbon
c6 bac tha'p hon) va phdn mang
didn
am ciia tac nhan (X~) gSn v^o
cacbon
ciia n6'i d6i mang dien duong
(cacbon
c6 bac cao hon). Vi du :
M
I
CH,
CH = CH2 +
H"
cr
• t I
r*CH,-CH-CH3
(spchinh)
CI
•CH,-CH2
-CH2CI
(spphu)
• Giai thich quy tac : Do g6'c ankyl day electron lam cho

lidn
ket 71 bj phan cue,
n6n ion duong dd gdn vao
cacbon
mang
didn
am va ngugc lai.
• Kha nang phan
ling
c6ng : HI > HBr > HCl > HF
• C6ng H,0 -> ancol
CH,=CH,
+ H3O '-^—^ CH.CH^OH
t"
' Ancbletylic
2CH,-Ci
l-CH,
+ 2H,0 —f^ CH3 - C H - CH3 + CH3-CH,-CH,OH
OH
Ancol
isopropylic Ancol propylic
(spchinh) (spphu) ,^
+
Phan
iimg
trung
hop
t", xt
-> [ -c - C - ]„
Vidu:

"CH,
= CH, I-CH CH ,.
12
t", Xt
nCH,
=
(pH
p
CH,
polietilen
(PE)
[-CH,
—CH-]„
CH,
polipropilen
(PP)
! I''
+
Phan
iimg
oxi hoa
a) Oxi hda
hodn
toan
:
C„H2„+
^ "^^'"^
Nhan
xet :
• Khi d6't

chay
mot hidrocacbon hay
nhidu
hidrocacbon thu6c cung day d6ng
dang thu duoc :
"CO2
= "H20
hoac
n^o^ = 1-5
n^^^Q
^ Cac hidrocacbon do thu6c day d6ng
dang anken hay xicloankan *
• D6't
chay
h6n hop ankan + anken (xicloankan) thi n^^Q^ > n^^o
lankan
= "H2O '
nc02
• Dot
chay
h6n hop anken + ankin (ankadien) thi n^.^^ >
n^^^Q
va
i) Oxi hda
khon^
hodn
toan
V Dung dich KMn04 loang a nhiet d6 thucmg oxi hoa noi d6i ciia anken thanh
1,2-
diol.

3C„H3„
+ 2KMn04 + 4H,0
3C„H2n(OH)2
+
2Mn02l
+ 2KOH
Vi du :
3CH.=CH2
+ 2KMn04 + 4H,0 ^ 3CH2-CH2 + MnO^J-+ 2KOH
OH
OH
(mau tim)
17
Nhdri xet: Dira vao sir bieii doi mau cua dung dich
(dung
dich mau ti'm -> bi
nhat mau va c6 ke't
tiia
mau den xuS't
hifen)
phan ung nay
duoc
dung de nhan ra
sir
CO mat cua n6'i d6i, nO'i ba.
+ Dung djch KMn04 dam dac, o t° cao oxi hoa manh lam dut mach
cacbon
tai
n6'i
d6i cho xeton, axit

cacboxylic
hay CO, tuy
theo
CTCT
cua anken.
Phan
ling
nay
dugc
dung de' xac dinh vj tri cua n6'i d6i dua vao ca'u tao cua san
ph^m oxi hoa.
• Trong
cong
nghiep
ngirofi ta oxi hoa nhe etilen de san xua't
CH3CHO
2CH2
= CH3 + 0, ^^cx,,c.cx, ^
2CH3CHO
t°
+
Phan
ling the
• 6 nhiet d6 tha'p cac anken dl tham gia phan ling c6ng clo, nhimg b nhiet d6
cao (500 —
600°C)
m6t s6' anken dSu day d6ng ding c6 th^ tham gia phan
ling
the' boi do. Vi du :
CH,=CH-CH3

+ CK —5521^ CH3=CH-CH3C1 + HCl
Alyl clorua
• Alyl clorua
dugc
diing de
dilu
che glixerol
CH2=CH-CH2C!
+ a, + H,0 ^
CH,Cl-CH(OH)-CH2Cl
+ HCl
CH2C1-CH(0H)-CH,C1
+
2NaOH
^
CH20H-CH(OH)-CH,OH
+
2NaCl
5.
Dieu
che
+
Dehidro ankan
tUcfn^ i?ng
C,.H,„,,
^ki:^c„H3„
+ H,
p
+
Dehidrat hoa ancol ti/cmg ifng

C„H3„„OH >
C„H,„
+ H,0
t^no'c
+
Cdn}> H2 vao ankin (xt: Pd) hoar ankadien (xt: Ni) tuang ifng
C„H,„_,
+ H3 —^
C„H3„
t°
Vi
du:
CHHCH
+ ^ CH,=CH,
t"
CH2=CH-CH=CH,
+ H, —^ CH3-CH,-CH=CH,
+
Crackinh ankan
+
Loai
HXra
khoi dan
xiidt
monohalogen cua ankan
tUcfng
ifng
C„H2„,
,X
'^Q";""-"'

>
C„H2„
+ HX
+
Loai
X2
ra khoi dan
xudt
a, P - dihalogen cua ankan tuctng
ifng
R-CHX-CHX
- R + Zn —^
R-CH=CH-R
+ ZnX,
18
(n
S3)
II,
ANKADIEN
(DIOLEFIN)
1,
Cong
thufc
Chung
: C„lii„-i
2,
Phan
loai
can cli vao vi trf ciia hai lien ke't d6i ma ngucri ta chia lam 3 loai :
• Lien ke't d6i lien : Hai lien ke't d6i of li^n nhau. Vi du:

CH, = C = CH2 propadien
(anlen)
• Lien kd't doi lien hgp: Hai lien ke't d6i b
each
nhau m6t lien ke't don. Vi du :
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2
buta-1,3-dien
(butadien)
2- metylbuta - 1,3 - dien
(isopren)
'
• Lien ke't doi khong lien hgp: Hai lien ke't d6i
each
nhau nhieu lien ke't don.
Vfdu:
,234
5
CH2
= CH - CH2 - CH = CH2 penta - 1,4 - dien
3,
Butadien
va
isopren
a)
Tinh
chat vat li
- Butadien hay divinyl la chat khong mau, c6 mui dac trung, t° = - 4''C
- Isopren hay 2- metylbuta-1,3- dien la cha't long, kh6ng mau, s6i b
34°C
Deu la nhQng chat khdng tan trong

nu6c
nhirng tan
dugc
trong cac dung moi
huu
CO.
h)
Tinh
chat hoa hoc
+
Phcin ifng cong
• Cong hidro
CH,=CH-CH=CH,
+ 2H,
Ni
->
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2
=C-CH
= CH2
+2H2
Ni
CH3
->
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
CH,
• Cong halogen (X2) vd hidrohalogenua (HX)
Butadien cung nhu isopren c6 th^ tham gia phan ling
cong
X2, HX va thucmg

tao ra h6n hgp cac san phslm
c6ng-
1,2 va -1,4. 6 nhiet d6 tha'p uu tien tao ra
ra
san ph^m
cong
-1,2, nhiet d6 cao Uu tien tao ra san ph^m
c6ng
-1,4.
+
Phan i/ng trung hcq?
• Trung hgp — 1,4 d^ cho
polime
c6
tinh
dan h6i cao (cao su)
nCH,=CH-CH=CH2
—^'^"'"^
) [—CH2-CH=CH-CH2—]„
nCH2=C-CH
= CH2
CH,
p, t°, xt
polibutadien (cao su
buna)
-CH2-C
=
CH-CH2|-
CH3
poliisopren (cao su

isopren)
19
n
CH2
= C-
CH
=
CH2
p,
t° .
Xt
I
CI
-CH2-C
=
CH-CH2
clopren policlopren
(cao
su
cloren)
• Mot
phSn
CO the
trung hcrp
-1,
2
d^'
tao
thanh polime kh6ng
dan

h6i. Dieu
nay
iii>''
giai thich
tfnh
dan hoi kem
cm
m6t s6'
loai
cao
su
t6ng hap.
,
nCH,=CH-CH=CH,
p.
t°,
xt
-CH2-CH-
CH
=
CH.
5. Dieu
che
ankadien
+ Dieu clie'hiita
- 1J -
dien
a)
Dehidro
hoa

butan
hoSc
buten
a
nhi^t
d6 cao
(GOO^C)
c6 mat
cha't
xuc tac
(Cr,03):
CH.CH^CH^CH,
—^"•P-"^
>
CH2=CH-CH=CH,
+ 2H3
C4H8
'"'P'"^
)
CH:-CH-CH=CH,
+ H,
b) Dehidro
hoa
va
hidrat
hoa
ancol etylic nhd
xuc tac (ZnO
hoac
MgO

va AUO,)
2CH,CH,OH
MgOiA\,o,
^
CH,=CH-CH=CH,
+ H, +
2H.O
400-50(1"
C
c)
Di
tilf
axetilen
2CH^CH
_^ci/NH.ci
'•i^i—>
CH,=CH-C=CH
—^-^-^
CH,=CH-CH=CH,
d) T6ng hcrp
Konbe
(Due):
2CH,=CH-COONa
+
2H.O
—i^!^
CH,=CH-CH=CH,
+
2C0,T
+

2NaOH
+ H,T
+ Dieu cheisopren
Dehidro
h6a
isopentan
va
isopenten
(san
ph^m crackinh
din mo) ^
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
'"•"•"^
)
CH2=C-CH
= CH2 + 2H2
CH3
CH3
CH3-C
=
CH-CH3
^"•'^•"^
)
CH2=C-CH-CH2
+ H,
III.
ANKIN
1.
Cong
thurc Chung

:
C„H2„.2
(n>2)
2.
Cau tao
•
Trong phan
tijf
c6
lien
ke't
ba (C = C)
vdri nguyan tir
C
lai hoa
sp
nen
phan
tir
CO
ca'u
tao
thang,
goc
hoa
tri
180°.
0
•
D6

dai
lidn
ke't
ba
ra't
ngdn
(1,19
A)
nSn
electron
6
gSn
nhan
va bi
nhan
hut
manh
nen
nguyen tir
C a
n6'i
ba c6 do
am
diSn
Ion
nha't trong
cac
loai nguydn
3.
4.

+
a)
tir
cacbon
(^^^^ =c =
3,29)
do do cac
ank
- 1 - in c6 H
linh
d6ng,
d^
bi
dut
d^
dong
vai tro tac
nhftn
trong phan ling
c6ng
hoSc
phan ling the'vdi
kim
loai.
Lien
ke't
ba (C = C) bao g6m 1
lien
ket
a va 2

lien
ket TT kem
b^n.
Tuy
nhien
lien
ket 71
trong lien
ket ba
hcri
b^n hon
lien
ke't
71
trong lien
ke't doi nen
phan
iJng
c6ng vao
lien
ket
ba xay
ra kho
hem phan ling
c6ng vao
lien ke't
d6i.
Tinh
chat
vat li ^

•
('1
nhiet
d6
thircmg
: n = 2 ^ 4 la
chaft khi
''^ '
n
= 5->
16
la
chat long
n>
17 la
chat
ran
Cac ankin
ra't
ft
tan
trong nude,
tan
duoc trong
mot
so
dung
mdi
hihi
co.

I
Tinh
chat
hoa
hoc 1^^,,
Phan
ihi}>
coni>
Cgn^
hicfro:
Phan ling
xay ra
qua
2
giai doan (giai doan
1 tao san
ph^m dang
cis) ' '
fH
4—> Anken
—>
Ankan
Ankin
, _ .
xt.t
xt,t
Mu6'n
dirng phan ling
6
giai doan

thii
nha't
(anken)
ngoai
ti Id
mol
1: 1 c^
chu
y
dung cha't xiic
tac
thich
hop.
*
CHsCH
+ HV
Pd,
CH,=CH,!
CH^CH
+
2H.
Ni,
t°
CHj-CHj^
Nhan xet : Neu goi X la
h6n hop
ankin
va H,
ban
ddu,

Y la
h6n hop
thu duoc
sau phan ling.
Ta c6
•
nH.pu
=nx
-nY^a,„^i„pu
Ham lugng
C, H
trong
hai h6n hop
X va Y la
nhu nhau
nen
khi
giai toan
d^
don gian
ta
thay d6't chay
h6n hop
Y
bang dd't chay
h6n hop
X.
(= =r- = _L= _L <
1
(g,a

mx
= mv va ny < nx -> Mv < My
d
(X/Y)
MY
"X
su
X, Y do 0
Cling
dieu kien
ap
sua't, nhiet
do) ^
CgnsX2(X=CI,
Br)
•
Phan ling
xay ra
qua hai
giai doan (giai doan
1
c6ng trans). Mud'n dtog phan
ting
a
giai doan
thii
nha't thi
cSn
thuc hien
a

nhiet
d6
tha'p.
Q.H:,,
—2
' ^
QiH2„_2X2
^ >
C„H2n_2X4
Nhan
xet:
•
Noi
chung ankin
lam
ma't mau nu6c brom cham
hon
anken.
•
Khdi lucmg ciia binh dung dung dich brom tang
len la
khdi
lucng ciia ankin
ha'p
thu.
,,
C6ngHX(X^a,Br.I)
•
Phan ling
xay

ra qua hai
giai doan
va
giai doan
sau kho
hon giai doan tnr^
.
Sff
dd
chuSi
phan irng hda hpc
Hihi
cff
- Nguyen Xuitn
Trir&ng
CH.CH
+ HCl )
CH3=CHCI
—^
-CH2
-CH-
Cl
Vinyl
clorua
Poli(vinyl
clorua)
CH,
=
CHCl
+ HCl CH, -

CHCl,
(1,1—
dicloetan)
•
Phan ung c6ng vao d6ng dang axetilen
tuftn
theo quy tac Mac-cop-nhi-cop.
CHj-C^CH
+ HCl
CH3
- C =
CH2
>
CH3-CCI2-CH3
CI
cl)
Con^
mfdc
(hidrat
hoa)
•
Axetilen
+
H2O
Andehit axetic
CH=CH
+ H,0 )
[CH2=CHOH]
->•
CH,CHO

(kh6ngb^n)
•
Cac d6ng dang + HjO Xeton
,,»,^„.,
, - A.I. . . i
R,-C=C-R,
+ HOH'
R, -CH = C-R2
OH
(khdng
bin)
R CH COR,
Nhan
xet Neu mot hidrocacbon tac dung v6i nude tao ra andehit axetic thi
hidrocacbon do la axetilen.
e)
Cong
axit
axetic
CH^CH
+
CH,COOH
^
CH,COOCH
=
CH,
xt,f
-CH2
-CH-
COOCH3

vinyl
axetat
poli(vinyl
axetat) (PVA)
+
Phan
I'rng
dime
hoa vii trinie hoa
Khac vdi anken, ankin kh6ng
triing
hop thanh polime. Hai phan tij axetilen c6
th^
c6ng hop
vori
nhau de' tao thanh
vinyl
axetilen.
2CH
= CH ""'f >
CH.
= CH - C = CH
vinyl
axetilen
Ba
phan tir axetilen c6 the cong hap
vdi
nhau d6 tao thanh benzen.
3CH
= CH ^^^^ C,H,

+
Phan
I'fng
the
hang
ion kim
loai
hoa tri I (Ag*, Cu*)
Nguyen
tiJ H
dinh
vao cacbon mang n6'i ba
linh
d6ng hem ra't
nhi^u
so
vdri
H
dinh
v^o cacbon mang nd'i d6i va nd'i dan, do do no c6 the' bi thay thd' bang
nguydn
tir kim
loai.
Nhu vay, chi c6 axetilen va cac ank -
1
- in
mdri
tac dung
diroc
vdi dung

djch
AgNO,/NHi
cho ke't
tiia
mau vang, tac dung vdi dung
djch
CuCl/NH,
cho ket
tiia
mau do.
Cty
TNHH
MTVDVVHKhang
Vift
Cac
phuang
trinh
hoa hoc : »
CH
= CH +
2AgNO,
+
2NH3
->
AgC
=
CAgi
+
2NH4NO3
Bac axetilenua (mau vang nhat)

R-C = CH +
AgNO,
+
NH3
R - C =
CAgi
+
NH4NO3
(mau
vang nhat)
CH
= CH +
2CuCl
+
2NH3
-> CuC =
CCui
+
2NH4CI
D6ng
(I) axetilenua (mau do)
R
-C = CH +
CuCl
+
NHj
-> R-C
=
CCui
+

NH4CI
<
^
(mau
do)
Nhgn
xet ;
•
Trong day
d6ng
dang ankin chi c6 axetilen phan
utig
vdri
cdc ion kim
loai
theo
ti
le mol
1:
2 con cac ank
-1
- in khac phan
ling
theo
ti
IS mol
1:1.
•
Co the
dijng

cac phan
vrng
trfin
di nhan
bife't
axetilen va cac ank -
1-
in.
•
Axetilenua kim
loai
c6 th6'
duac
tach ra va phan
ling
vdi dung
dich
axit
thu
duac
axetilen
(diing
di tach cac chat ra
khoi
nhau)
Vi
du:
AgC = CAg + 2Ha -> CH = CH T +
2AgCli
•

H6n hap khi X (hidrocabon no, hidrocacbon khdng no, khi khac) di cham
qua
blnh
dung dung
dich
AgNO,/NH,
thu
duac
hdn hap Y. Ta c6
"ank-1-
in = Hx " (nx > Hy)
Iflbinh
ling
= ^ank - 1 - in
Tlkft
lua —
Tlmufli
ank
-I
-
In
+
Phan
I'/ng
oxi hoa
a)
Oxi hoa
hoan
toan
(phan

I'mg
(hay)
C„H,„
_, + O: nCO, + (n —
1
)H30
Nhan
xet :
•
Neu bai toan cho dot chay mdt hay mdt sd hidrocacbon mach hd, thudc cung
day ddng dang thu
duac
:
"cOj
^"HJO
'^^^^ "Oj *^^'^"co2~^ hidrocacbon dd thudc day
ddng dang ankin hay ankadien va
"hh
=
nH20-"co2
^^^^
"hh
= 2(l,5nco2-^o^)
•
Dd't chay hdn hap ankan + ankin (ankadien)
hoac
anken + ankin (ankadien)
+
anken
-

Ne'u
nco2
=
"H2O
^
"-'kin
=
"ankan
-
Neu nco^<n^^o
".mkn,
< n,„k,„
-
Ne'U
nco2>"H20
"anki"
>
"ankan
H /
Sadd
chuSiphdn li-ng htia
hpc
HOu ca
-
Nguyin
Xudn
Trir&ng
D6't
chay h6n hap anken + ankin (ankadien) thi
>

n
H,0
va
n.
=
n
CO-
-n
h)
Oxi hoa khong hoan roan
Phan ung oxi hoa boi dung
dich
KMn04:
Tuong tu anken, ankin dl bi oxi hoa
bdi
KMn04
sinh ra cac san ph^m nhu
CO,,
HOOC
—
COOH,
3QH,
+
8KMn04
^
3KOOC
—
COOK
+
SMnO^i

+
2KOH
+
2H2O
^
C2H2
+
2KMn04
+
3H2SO4
^ 2C02t + 2MnS04 +
K,S04
+
4H2O
SCHj-C^CH
+
8KMn04
+ 12H,S04
-)•
5CH3COOH
+ SCO,! +
8MnO,
+
4K,S04
+
I2H2O
Nhan
xet : Co th^
diing
phan ung lam mat mau dung

dich
thu6'c tim di nhan
biet
cac ankin. So vdi anken thi t6c d6 phan utig
didn
ra cham hon.
5. Dieu che
+
Dieu che axetilen
a) Ti(
metan
: Phuomg
phap
chi'nh d^ di6u
ch6'
axetilen trong c6ng nghi6p
hifin
nay
la
nhiSt phan metan a
1500°C,
phan iJng thu nhiet manh.
1500°C
2CH4
h)
Tic than da, da v6i -> CaC, (dat den)
H,0
CH
Than
da

CaCOj
-
CaO
+ 3C
500°
C
->
than c6'c (C)
)CaO + CO,T
2000°
c
CaC + CO
16 di^n
CaC, + 2H,0 ^
Ca(OH),
+ CH^t '"''^
Nhan
xet : 6 nhOng nod c6ng nghidp din khi chua phat
trien
nguofi
ta thuong
di^u
che QH, theo phuong
phap
trdn.
c)
TCr
C va
H2:
2C + H,

"^""^"""^
) CH,
di$n
' '
d) Tii muoi axetilenua
AgC
= CAg +
2HC1
->
CH
=
CHT
+
2AgCl^
CuC
= CCu +
2HCl
^
CH
s
CHT
+
2CuCli
+
Dieu chedong dang cua axetilen
a) Dehidio hoa ankan
ti/crng
I'/ng
'
Q,H2„

+
2
^ >
C,iH2„
_
2
+
2H2
h)
Di ti( dan xudt di halogen
H
X
I
I
R, -C-C-R, +
2KOH
II
X
H
an col
->
R,-CsC-R2
+ 2KX + 2H,0
Di
tirddn xudt
ch,'ra
Ag cua ankin va ddn xudt chira halogen cua ankan
•
Phircmg
phap

tang mach cacbon.
AgC=C-R+R'Cl
-> R'-C=C-R +
AgCli
,
Phan
ling
tuong
tir doi
v6i dSn xu^ chufa Cu
ciia
ankin.
B. BAI TAP
CHu6l
PHAN
UNG
Bai
1.
(NaOOC)2CH=CH
C2H5OH
n
C2H4Br2,
C2H,C1
QH|o
Hiro'ng
dan giai {
1.
NaOOC-CH=CH-COONa
+
2NaOH

—^
C2H4
+ 2Na2C03 ;
2. C2H4
+
Br2->
C2H4Br2
3.
C2H4Br2
+ Zn ^
C2H4
+
ZnBr2
4.
C3H4
+
[O]
+
H2O
'""^""'^
>
C2H4(OH)2
Hoac
vidt:
C2H4
+
2KMn04
+
2H2O
C2H4(OH)2

+
2Mn02
+
2KOH
5.
nCH2=CH2-> [-CH2-CH2-],,
;
6.
C4H,o
'^^"''"'^
)
C2H,
+
C2H4
7. CH. + H,'
Ni.l"
-> C2H,
->C2H4
+
H2;
8.
CjHe
-
9.
CH4
+
H2O
. ,
C2H3OH
loang,

I
10.
CH,OH-^i^^C2H4
+
H2O
-
mrc
11. C2H5CI
+
NaOH
—^
C2H.,0H
+ NaQ
12.
QH,OH
+
HCl C2H5CI
+
H2O
13.CH,
+
Cl2
->C2H,C1
+HC1
Sffdb chudipItdn
li-ng
luiu
lt(>c
HCru
cff

~ Nguyin
Xu&n
Trir&ng
Bai2.
1.
Ancol butylic ^ Butilen ^ Butan ^ MetanAxetilen
8
7 6
Etilen «- Brometilen <- Etilenglicol
<—
Etilen
2.
CH^ ^
CH4
^ CH,C\
C4H10
QH, \,
CHjCOONa QH4(OH),
3.
C3H6
\ -
brompropan
Propanol
- 2
3
(C,H,)„
4
5
1,2-
dibrompropan

Propilen glicol
Hiro'ng dan giai
O
1. CH,-CH,-CH,-CH.OH > CH,-CH,-CH,=CH, + H,0
iK(rc
2.
CH3-CH,-CH,=CH,
+ H, C,H,o
3.
C4H,o
^^"'-•'^'"^ > CH4 + C,H,
4.
2CH4
,.
'^"f^,
, ) C,H. + 3H.
lam
lann nnann
" "
5. CH. + H. )CH4
6. QH4 + [0] + H30
"^'^'^""4
)CH4(OH)3
7.
C2H4(OH)2
+ HBr ->
QH4Br
+ IH.O
8.
C,H4Br3

+ Zn ->
C3H4
+ ZnBr,
©
1. 2CH,COONa + 2H,0
_J!E^
C2H,
+ 2CO. + 2NaOH + H^.T
2. CH6
—^CH4-i-
H,
3.
C3H4
+ 2KMn04 + 2H,0 ^
C3H4(OH)2
+
2MnO, + 2KOH
4. aH4 + HCI ^ C,H,C1
5. CH,C1 + 2 Na + C\-C.H, -> C4H,o + 2NaCl
6. C4H,o ^"^'^'"'^ > CH4 + C,H,
7. C,H, + [O] + H.O "^^""-^ ) C,H,(OH)3
©
1.
CH.,-CH=CH2
+ HBr ->
CH3
- C H -
CH3
Br
cry TNHHMTVDVVHKhang

Vi?l
2.
CH3
- C H - CH, + NaOH CH, - C H - CH, + NaBr
Br
OH
3. nCH,-CH=CH, ->
f-CH-CH2
^
CH3
4. CH,-CH=CH: +Br2->
CH3-CH-CH2
Br
Br
.
CH3-CH-CH2
+
2NaOH|„5„g
—^
CH3-CH-CH2
+
2NaBr
Br
Br
I
OH
OH
Bai3.
CH,OH^^4
HO-CH3-CH,-COONa ^

CH,=CH-CH=CH,
>
C4H.Br4
Cao su
buna
Vinylaxetilen <— C^H,
Hirong dan giai
1.
HO-CHo-CH COONa + NaOH —!^ CHi-CH OH + Na.COj
2. 2QH,OH ^^i^CH,=CH-CH=CH, +
2H30
+ H,
3. CH,=CH-CH=CH, + Br,
-^CH,
-
CH
-
CH
= CH2
I
" I
Br
Br
^CH2-CH=CH-CH2
Br
Br
4. CH,=CH-CH=CH, + Br, ->• C H, - C H - C H - C
H2
""1^1 I I
Br

Br Br Br
5.
nCH2=CH-CH=CH:
[-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-]„
6.
CH2=CH-C=CH
+
H2
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
7. 2CH=CH ) CH,=CH-OCH
Sar ad
chuSi
ph6n
lirng
hda hpc
HOu
ctr
-
Nguyin
XuSn Tru&ng
Bai
4.
2 3 4 ^ Cao su
buna
1.
Glucoza
*•
Rirooi etylic
—^Butadien
- 1,3 <^

t' ^
Plivinyl
etilen
Tinh
bot
CH2=CH-COONa > CH2=CH-CH-CH2
C4H6Br2
Cho 3 san ph^m
-CH
- CH-
CH.Br CH,Br
3.
C3H,
-UC,H,
-^(C^H,)^
CI
-CH2
-C-CHj
CH3
Hiring dan
giai
O 1) (QHioOj),, + nH,0
nQH,A
2) QH,,0, > 2C,H,0H + 2CO,
3) 2QH5OH ^'2"3 ) CH,=CH-CH=CH, + 2H2O+ H^t
450"
c
4)nCH, =CH
I
,0p

XI
CH=CH,
-CH,
-CH-
I
CH
= CH.
1)
2CH,=CH-COONa
+ 2H,0 —CH,=CH-CH=CH, + 2NaOH + 2C0, t
2)
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
+ Br,
Theo
ty le 1 :2
->CH2
- CH - CH = CH2
Br
Br
CH2
- CH = CH - CH2
Br
Br -
3) CH,=CH-CH=CH, + Br, -> C H, - C H - C H - C H.
Br
Br Br Br
®
I) CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 CH2 =C-CH = CH2 + 2H,
CH3
CH,

2) CH, =C-CH^CH2 'l' > f-CH2-C = CH-CH2-'
3)
CH,
-CH2-C
= CH-CH2-
CH,
CH3
+
nHCl
CI
-CH2-C-CH2-CH2-
CH,
4) C,H,2
""-^'"^
) QH, + C,H,
5) nCH,-CH=CH, ^-CH-CH2-^
CH,
Bai
5.
dpdd
^
H,
< ! (COONa),
CH,=CH - C=CH
C.H,
Ag - CsC -Ag
CH,
- CHCl,
Hirang dan giai
0 O

1 I
CH3CHO
(COOH),
1)
Na-O-C-C-O-Na
+ 2NaOH > H, +
2Na,C03
2) 2C + H,
-^""""^
> C:H,
3) QH, cn^h-^^^^' , CH,=CH-C=CH
4) C,H, + H, >C,H,
5) C,H,OH
'If^;.
> C,H4 + H,0
6) CH,CHO + H: -^C,H,OH
J C,H, + H,0 g„„,
"^'^CHjCHO
8)
C,H, +
4[0]
'""^'^""^ > HOOC —COOH
Hoac
vilt:
3C,H, + 8KMnO, + 4HjO 3(COOH), +
8Mn02
+
8KOH
9)
CH,-CHCl3

^ CH = CH + 2HC1
10) CH = CH +
2HC1->
CH, - CHCl,
11) AgC ^ CAg + 2HCI -> CH = CH + 2AgCli
12)CH = CH
+Ag,0
->
AgC = CAg + H,0
Hoac
Viet:
CH = CH +
2f
AgCNHO^J^OH" AgC = CAg +
4NH3
+
2H2O
13)
2C2H,
14)
2CH4
Bai 6.
lilm
lanh nhanh LI i lO
> C.H2
+
3H2
1.
Tetrabrom axetilen —Axetilen —^ Andehit
axetic

—Axit
axetic
—Vinyl
axetat
—^
Polivinyl
axetat
—^ Polivinylancol
2. Da v6i —^ Voi
s6'ng
CaC. C.H.
Vinyl
axetilen
—^
Divinyl
—^ Buten —^ Butan —Propen.
3.
Dibrom etilen —!—> Axetilen —^
Axit
oxalic —^ Oxalat
natri
—^
Hidro —^ Etilen —^ Etilen glycol —^
Axit
oxalic.
4. C.H
I
Cupren
^
CH,COOCH=CH2

—
CH,CHO
-> P.V.A
OH
I
5. CH C^CH-^
CH3-C-CH2
CH3-C-CH3 CH3-C-CH3
6. RBr,
-> C,H.
OH
A
—U B
OH
E^
O
-CH-CHo
Hirong
dan
giai
O
I) C2H4Br4 + 2Zn C,H, t + 2ZnBr2
2) CH^CH + H,0 )
CH3CHO
•
OU—OU
(
3)
CH,CHO+ ^O. -^^^CH.COOH
4)

CH3COOH
+ CH=CH ->
CH3COOCH=CH2
5) nCH3COOCH=CH,
-CH-CH2
-
OCOCH
3
30
e 1)
CaCO,
f-CH-CH,
OCOCH3
900" r
+ nNaOH-> nCHjCOGNa +
CH-CH2-
I
OH
^
CaO + CO.
2000"f
^
CaC, + CO
2) CaO +
3C
3)
CaQ +
2H2O
-> C2H2
+

Ca(OH)2
Hay
CO
the
vid't
CaC, + 2H" ->
C2H2
+ Ca-*
4)
C2H2
)
CH2=CH-C=CH
5)
CH2=CH-C=CH
+
H2
Pd
> CH,=CH-CH=CH,
Ni
-> CH3-CH,-CH=CH,
6)
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
+
H2
7)
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
+ H. ^' >
C4H10
8)
C4H,o

>
CH4 + C3H,
e 1)
C2H4Br2
+
2KOHd
)
C2H2
+
2KBr
+
2H2O
2) C2H2
+ 4[0] '''"^^""^ ) HOOC-COOH
3) HOOC-COOH + 2NaOH ^ (COONa). +
2H2O
4) NaOOC-COONa + 2NaOH -> H. +
2Na2C03
5)
H2
+
C2H2
Pd
6)
CH2=CH2
+ [O] + H.
> CH2=CH2
dd KMnO.
^
HO-CH CH,-OH

7 )
HO-CH2-CH2-OH
+ 4[0] '''"'^""^ > HOOC-COOH +
2H2O
O
1)
C2H2
+
CH3COOH
—^
CH3-COOCH=H2
2)
nCH3-COOCH=CH2
-CH-CH2-
^0CbCH3
3)
CH3COOH
= CH, + NaOH CHjCOONa +
CH3CHO
4)
C2H2
+
H2O
^2lo"r
>CH3CHO
5) nCH^CH
Hay
(CH)2„
Ca
280"(•

[-CH=CH-1
©
1) CH3-C=CH +
H2O
^
CH3
-
C-CH2
2)
CH3-C-CH2
+H2O
OH
OH
OH
I
CH3-C-CH3
OH
OH
I
3)CH3-C-CH3
->
CH3-C-CH3
+ H.O
OH
O
1) CH.Br. + 2KOH > QH^t + 2KBr + 2H,0
2) 3QH, > QH,
3) QHft +
QH4
^ QH,-CH,-CH3

4) QH,-CH CH, > QH,-CH=CH, + H,
5) QH,-CH= CH, -
-CH-CHj-^
6) QH, + H: CH,=CH:
Bal
7.
Hoan
thanh
so do
phan
urng sau :
606
CH,
(1)
-C2H2
(3)
C4H
4"4
(1) 2CH,
I5()()"c
lam
lanh
nhanh
C2H6
C2H4
Hirong dan
giai
-»-CH
= CH + 3H,
(2) 3CH^CH ^ )CH

6"6
(3) 2CH^CH )CH^C-CH = CH,
(4) CH = CH + H,
Pd/PdCO
^CH2
=CH2
(5) CHsCH + 2H2-^Jp^CH3-CH3
Bai
8.
Hoan
thanh
so do
phan
irng sau :
CH4 C4H4
32
Hudng
dan
giai
(1) 2CH,
,-
'.^'"u"': . >CH = CH + 3H,
lam
lanh
nhanh
^
.0
(2) 2CH=CH—^^^^CH = C-CH =
CH2
(3) CH = C-CH =

CH2+H2
Pd/PdC03
>CH,^CH-CH=:CH.
(4) CH2 =CH-CH^CH2+2H2
>CH3-CH2-CH;-CH3
(5)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3-^5^^CH4+CH3-CH=CH2
Bai
9.
Vid't
phuomg
trinh hoa hoc cua cac
phan
urng trong chu6i bife'n h6a sau
(bifi't
A,
B, C, D, E, F la cac
hidrocacbon):
Hu-tfng
dan
giai
A:
CH:; B: QH,; C: C,H^- D: CH,; E: CH4
(I)
2CH,
I5i«)"c
,,
, , , , >CH sCH + 3H,
lam
lanh

nhanh
^
(2> 2CH = CH-
11.1
->CHsC-CH-CH,
(3) CH=C-CH = CH.+3H-
^CH3
-CH-CH2
-CH3
(4)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
>CH3-CH3+CH2^CH;, ^lA
(5)
CH3-CH3
)CH^CH + 2H2
(6) CH^CH + H, '"^"''"^
>CH2^CH2
XI.I
(7)
CH3-CH3
(8)
CH2=CH2+H2
-j-CHj
=CH2
+H2
^CH3-CH3
Bal
10.
Viet
phiromg trinh hoa hoc ctia cac

phan
li^ng trong chu6i bie'n hoa sau (bie't
A,
B, C, D, E la cac
hidrocacbon):
C3H8
(1)
(8)
Hirong dan
giai
A:
CH4; B: C,H,: C ' .H,o; D: QH^; E:
CH4
33
(1)
CH,-CH^-CH^-CH^
"" >CH^+CH3-CH =CH^
(2)
CH^-CH=CH2+H2-^^^^CH3-CH2-CH3
(3) CH CH CH, >CH^+CH^=CH^
(4)
CH3-CH2-CH2
-CH3 )CH3-CH3+CH2 =CH2
•
(5)
CH3-CH3
""" >CH^CH + 2H3
(6)
CH^CH + H,
^'^"''^'^"^

)CH2^CH2
(7) CH3-CH3^^^^CH2-CH2 + H2
(5)
CH3=CH2+H2 >CH3-CH3
Bai 11.
Viet
phirong
trinh
hoa hoc cua cac
phan
irng trong chu6i bien hoa sau
(bifi't
A,
B, C, D, E, F, G la cac hidrocacbon) :
(4)
(5)
AUCs-^
A-^B
C02^E
G-^
F
(7)
Hirong
dan giai
A:
CH4; B: C,H,; C: QH4; D:
C4H,;
E. QH,o; F: CH4; G: CH^
(1)
Al^C3 + i2H20

>3CH^+4A1(0H)3
(2) 2CH,
'f'"'"^;
, >CH^CH + 3H2
^
lam
lanli
nhanli
2
(3) 2CH = CH-^^^CH^C-CH = CH2
(4)
CH^C-CH^CH,''^'^''^'^"3 >CH2 =CH-CH=CH2
J
(5)
CH2 - CH - CH = CH, + 2H2 )CH3 - CHj -
CH2
-
CH3
(6)
CH3 -CH, -CH2 -CH3 >CH3 -CH3 +CH2 =CH2
34
(7) CH2=CH2+H2 >CH3-CH3
(8)
CH3-CH3
>CH^CH
+ 2H2
(9)
CH =
CH
+ |02-^^2C02+H20

(10) C4H4+5O2—^4C02+2H20
(11) c,H,+y02-^4C02+3H20
(12)
C4H,„+y02-^4C02+5H20
(13) C2H4+4O2—^2C02+2H20
(14) C2H^+-^02^%2C02+3H20
Bai 12. Hoan thanh chu6i bid'n doi sau :
PE
Propan
-> X ^-^ etyl hidrosunfat
(2)
|(4)
etylen
oxit
Huo'ng dan giai
X
la
CH,=CH3
(1)
CH,=CH, ) (-CH3-CH )„
(2)
QHg ) CH4 + CH,=CH3
(3) CH,=CH2 +
HOSO,H
>
CHj-CH.OSO.H
(4) CH,=CH,+ )
CH2-CH2
-
- -

Bai 13. Hoan thanh chu6i bid'n d6i sau :
Metan A —^ B —^ C —^ polime
Huo'ng dan giai
AlaaH,,BlaCH,=CH-C=CH,Dla
CH2=CH-CH=CHohoSc
CH,=CH-CH(C1)=CH2.
Polime la
poll
(butadien)
hoSc
poll
(cloropren)
Bai 14. Hoan thanh chu6i bien d6i sau :
(X)
(hidrocacbon) (Y) -> etyl clorua. X, Y c6
the'
la Cha't n^o ? Hoan thanh
so do
phan
iJng tren.
35
Hirdnng
dan
giai
(X) (hidrcKacbon)
-> (Y) -> etyl
clorua
X
c6 the' la
C2H2

hoac
C4H,o
- Ne'u X la QH, thl Y la C,H4
hoSc
QH^
- Ne'u X la
C4H,o
thl Y \h C.H^
Vi du: X la
C4H10
thl Y la QHj
C4H
10
Crackinf!
^ CH,=CH, +
CH,-CH,
CH3-CH3
+ a, ) CH3CH2C1 + HQ
B^i
15.
Hoan
thanh
chudi
bie'n
d6i sau:
(A,B.
D chi
chura
2
nguyen

t6 C va H )
(A)
(2)
Axetilen
(1)
etan
\B)_(5)^
(D)'
Hirong
dan
giai
(1) HC=CH + 2H, ) QH^
(2)
HC^CH
+
(3) CH,=CH.+ H.
>
CH,=CH,
(4) 2C,H, ) CH3=CH-C^H
(5) CH,=CH-C=CH + 3H, "'""^ > CHj-CH^-CH^-CHj
(6)
CHj-CH CH CH,
''"''""^ > QH, + CH2=CH,
Bai 16.
Hoan
thanh
chu6i
phan
umg sau :
ALC

(1)
4^3
CH.
(2)
CH3CI
(4)
(3)
(5)
C2H2—^
C4H4
^ C4H,
CH2CI2
1.
AI4C3
+ 3H.O
2. CH4 +
CU
3. CH3C1 + a.
(8)
C4H10
Hirang
dan
giai
-> 4Al(OH)3 +3CH4
-»
CH,C1 + HQ
(7)
Cao Su BuNa
4. 2CH4
15(X)"C,lln

CHjQ,
+ HCl
>
QH, + 3H2
Cty
TnrHHUTTVTfvmiinang
rip
5 2CH,
c»cig.NH4Ci
^ cH,=CH-OCH
' • l(X)"C
6. CH,=CH-C^H
-K
H, '"'^''^ > CH,=CH-CH=CH,
7. nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 —^ ^H^-CH = CH-CH2>„ V J?0
8. CH,=CH—CH=CH, + 2H2
-»
CH3—CH,—CH,-<:H,
" *
t"c
Bai 17.
Hoan
thanh
chu6i
phan
umg sau :
C4H4
(3)
C,H
(5)'

•2"6
(6)
CH4^
A2H2
^
C2H4
JII^ PE
,,(8)
C2H4(OH)2
Hv&ng
dan
giai
, c.H, > CH4 +C,H4
2,
2CH4
QH, + 3H,
13
2C,H, "^"^'Z'^"^"^' > CH,=CH-C=CH
1()()"C
Pil/HfiCO, „„
4. CM, lU ^ QH4
t"c
5. C,H4 + H, QH
-2"6
6. QHfi "'-'"^ > C,H4 + H3
7.
nC,H4
-"-i^B^
K'H2-CH,-f„
8.

3QH4
+
2KMn04
+ 4H:0 -> 3C,H4(OH), +
2MnO,
+ 2KOH
li
18.
Hoan
thianh
chu6i
phan
I'mg sau :
CsHgCI
HgCOONa
JIL CH. CH, JIU 11 Toluen TNI
•2"2
C2H6
p
- CloToluen
Sir
do
chudi
phan
liiif; hi'xi
hoc
UCni cir
-
NguySn
Xu&n

Trur&ng
Hirong dan giai
1.
CHjCOONa
+
NaOH
->
CH4
+
Na.COj
l5(X)"C,lln
2.
2CH4
3.
QH,
+
2H2
4.
3CH,
£
->
CH2 + 3H2
^
C,H
2 "6
QH
6^6
5. QH,
+ CU
QHsQ

+
HCI
6. QH« +
CH3CI
>
QH,CH3
+ HCI
CH,
7.
+
3HNO3
H2S04d
CH, CH,
8.
o
+
cu
Fe,
t^C
o
CI
Bai
19.
Hoan thanh chu6i phan ung sau
:
CH,
NO2
+
3H2O
NO,

+
HCI
TNB
t(2)
Benzyl
Clorua
(3)J
(1)
(3) tw
n - Hexan
CgHg
Toluen-i^ Kali benzoat-^ axit Benzoic
,4,
., ,,„ V
.ii.A t.,:t.u ^.f
,,
A.>;.J,.,w;:-,,.
It:.
:^„.; ;.
AljUw^ii.
.k.

Hurang dan giai
1.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
'"•'"^„
2.
f^l +
3HNO3
-il^

9
NO2
+
4H2-
, NO2
!
+
3H2O
Cty
TNHH MTVDVVH Khang
Vip
3. C,H,
+
CH,CI
^"^'•^•'"'^
)
C,H.,CH.,
+ HQ
CH.
CHoCI
4.
o
+
CI.
O
l"C
+
HCI
5.
CftH,CH,

+
2KMn04
+ H,0 ' ^ >
C,H,COOK
+
2Mn02
+
KOH
6.
CfiH.COOK
+
HCI
>
C^HsCOOH
+
KCl
7. CaC,
+ 2H,0 >
Ca(OW).
+ CM.
8. 3C,H.
^^^
C.H.
ft()()"C
Bai
20.
Hoan thanh chu6i phan ling sau
:
C^Ag.
CH,

^—
C,H,CI
I' .
CaC.
PVC
CoH
2114
7=^
C.H^Br
Hirong dan giai
1. CaC.
+2H.O
>
Ca(OH):
+
CH,
2.
C,H, +
2AgNO,
+
2NH3
> C,Ag, +
2NH4NO3
3.
C^Ag, +
2HC1
—>
C3H.
+
2AgCl

4.
CH3
+ H,
C3H4
5.
C,H4
+ HBr >
C.H^Br
6.
CjHsBr
+
KOH
> CM, + KBr +
H3O
7.
CH, + HCI
"'^^'2
>
CH2=CHC1
8.
nCH,=CHCl
xi,p.t"C
->
-fCHj-CHCl^^
Hp
.G
SatAchuSiphJH
ihtghda kpcHttu or-
Nguyin
Xu&n

Trudmg
Bai 21. Hoan thanh chudi phan ung sau :
(2)
C6H6
(3)
C6H5CH3
C2H4
C2H6
(5)
C4H8
(6)
C4H10
Hirong dan giai
1. CaC, + 2H,0 > QHj + Ca(OH),
2. 3QH, "'-'"^ ) QH,
3. QHs +
CH3CI
> QH,CH, + HCl
4. CM. + H, '^'•'"^ > QH4
5.
2CH4
"g'^'^-'" ) H2C = CH-CH2-CH3
Ni.l"
6. CH3-CH2-CH = CH2 + H2
>CH3-CH2-CH2
7. C,H4 + H.
xl,t"C
Bai 22. Hoan thanh chu6i phan ung sau : (chu6i
hinh
vudng)

(4)
(2)
Phuffng
an I
A
: QH,o
B:CH4
^
C: CH3
D:
QH4
1.
C4H,o
"•'"'^ > QH4 + CH,
2. C,H4 "'''"^ > C2H, + H,
D
».
(3)
Hirong dan giai
3.
2HOCH
xl,l"C
^
HCsC-CH
= CH.
4.
HC = C-CH = CH2
P/tiftrnf!
(in 2
A : CM,

B: C4H8
C:
C4He
D: C4H10
Ni,t'
->
H3C
- CH2 - CH2 -
CH3
-II
* I
H2S04.
-»>H2C = CH-CH2-CH3
2. H2C=CH-CH2-CH3
^H2C = CH-CH =
CH2+H2
3. H2C = CH-CH=CH2+H2
Ni,l'
->H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3
4.
C4H
10
xt.t"C
^ C3H4 + CHe
i,
Bai 23. Hoan thanh chu6i phan
ting
sau : (chudi
hinh
con ca)

Phuffng
an 1
A
:
C4H,
B:
C4H,
C:
C4H10
D:
CM,
E:
CH4
F: CM.
Hirorng dan giai
1. CH2 =CH-CH2-CH3 + H2
k
2. CH2 = CH - CH =
CH2
+ 2H2
3. C4H
xt.l
10
->C2H,+C2H,
t".Pd
•>CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Ni.t"
->.CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
4.
C,H,„

XI.
I*
->CH4+C3H,
I.
5. C2H,
>C2H2+2H2
16.
2CH4
>C2H2+3H.
Set ad
chuSiphdn
ihtg
hda
hgc Huu
<••'
\i-uyin XuSn Trurdrng
PItirang an 2
A
: C,H,
B:
C,H4
C:
C,Hs
D:
CH4
E:
CH4
F:
QH,
1. CH2=CH-CH3+H2-^^^^CH3-CH2-CH3

2.
CHSC-CH3+2H2
)CH3-CH2-CH3
3. C3H^ )CH^+C2H^
4. C^H^ )CH^+C2H^
5. 2CH^
>C^n^+3H^
6.
C^H^ >C2H2+H2
Bai
24. Hoan thanh chu6i
phan
irng sau : (chu6i hinh mui
C
Hiro'ng dan giai
B:C,He
C: QH|2
D: C4H,o
E:
QHft
G:
QH,
1-
C7H„-^C3H,+C,H,„
2. 2C3H^ •".H2-SO4 ^Q^^^^
3. C,H,2-^^^C,H,+3H2
4. C7H
XI,t"
16
-^C3H,+C,H

10
5. C.H^-^^qH.+qH,
6.
C2H,-^^C2H2+2H2
7. 3C,H,
XI,I'
->C.H,
Bai
25. Hoan thanh chu6i
phan
ling
sau :
an
6" 12
5
Butan
2 1
metan
*• A
B
PE
Viny!
axetilen —^ Poiibutadien
Polivinyl
etilen
Hirong dan giai
'1.
QH,o > QH, + CH4
2. 2CH,
15(X)''

-^C2H2+3H2
3. CH, -H H, QH4
4. nC2H4
"'•'"•'^
>-K:H2=CH2^„
5. 3C,H. ^•'"•P ) QH,
6. 2C,H,
xt,t>
-)•
C4H4
7.
CH, =CH-CHCH
+
H,
^'^"^^^
>CH2=CH-CH
= CH2 '
g
nCH2-CH-CH
=
CH2-^J^-fCH2-CH=CH-CH2>n
poiibutadien
9. CH, =CH-CH-CH-
xl,t",p
-CH,
-CH-
CH-CH,
it.
„
i:

Bai 26. Hoan thanh chu6i phan
ihig
sau :
CH4
4 • A<
lam
lanh
nhanh
^ C •^^^—• • D ^ » Cao SU
buna
F —-—• G —*• Polipropylen
Hiro'ng
dan
giai
(1)
2CH,
"^'11"'^
)
CH,
+
3H,
(2) CH^CH + H, > CH,=CH2
(3) nCH:=CH3 "•'"'P > l-CH CH J,,
(4) 2CH=CH C"<^''2-NH4Ci ^ CH=C-CH=CH,
1"
(5) CH=C-CH=CH, + H3 > CH,=CH-CH=CH2
(6) nCH,=CH-CH=CH,
—"-'"'P
> f-CH2-CH=CH-CHHn
(7) CH=C-CH=CiI, +3H, > CH.CH.CH^CHj

(8) CH^CH.CH^CH, ""'^'"^ > CH4 +
CH2=CH-CH,
(9) CH,=CH-CH,
"''"'P
)
|-CH:-CH(CH,)-]„
Bai 27. Hoan thanh chu6i phan
ling
sau :
CH2 -* QH, QH^CH., ^
QH5C2H4CI
QH5CH=CH. PS
Hiro'ng
dan
giai
3C3H3
"'•'"•P > Q,H,
QH,
+ CH.Cl ) QH.CH, + HQ
QH,C:H,
+ CI: —^ QH^CHCICH, + HCl
QH.CHCICK: > QH,CH=CH, + HCI
nC;H5CH=CH3
—
^^i^^JL-^
[-CH-CH.(QH,)-!„
Bai 28. Hoan thanh chudi phan umg sau :
QH,Br4 -'A-^B->D->E-* Polietilen
Hiring dan
giai

Trircmg hop 1. C.H.Br4 -> QH, -> QHe, ^
C2H5CI
-»
C2H4
Polietilen
C2H2Br4
+ 2Zn ^ QH,
+2ZnBr2
CH2+H, > C,H, % ^'^v
QHft
+ a, CHjCl + HCl
QHsQ
—^ CH4 + HCl
nCH,=CH,
^2^^4^-'"
) [-CH CH,-],,
Trircfng hop 2. C,H:Br4 CjH, CjHiCl
->• C2H5CI
C,H4 -> Polietilen
C2H3Br4
+ 2Zn C^H.
+2ZnBr2
C^H,
+ HCl > C,H,C1
C.H,C1 + H, >
C.HsQ
QH^Cl C.H4 + HCl
nCH.=CH, y [-CH3-CH2-L
Truofng hop 3.
CH,Br4 -» CH:

C4H4
->
C4H,o
^ CH4 ^ Polietilen
C,H2Br4 +
2Zn-»C3H2
+2ZnBr2
2CH=CH
t:uCi,.NH4Ci
^ CH=C-CH=CH,
CH=C-CH=CH,
+3H2
) CHjCHjCH^CHj
CHjCH.CH^CH, '•"^'^'"'^ > CjH^ + CH,=CH3
nCH,=CH2
"i!^"'*''''" ) f-CH:-CH2-]„
B^l 29. Hoan thanh chu6i phan ung : X ^ Y -> Z -> QH^
Hirong
dan
giai
" *
Trircmg hop 1.
C,H8
^
CH4
^ C^H. ^ QH,
CH3CH2CH,
'••^'"-'''"g
> CH4 + CH4
2CH4

'^'i".!!'^
> QH, +
3H,
C,H, +2H2
> QH, -^.^
TrircJng
ho'p 2.
C^HT
—*•
C4H4
—•
C4H10
—•
QjH^
2CH=CH
Cua^.NH^a ^ CH=C-CH=CH,
CHsC-CH=CH,
+3H, > CH.CH^CHjCH,
CH,CH,CH,CH,
"""'"'"'^
)
QHfi
+
CH2=CH,
Trircyiig
hop 3. CH^COONa ^
CH4
C,H, ^ CjH,
CHjCOONa
+ NaOH ) CH4 + Na.COj

CH4
'-'^"""'^
) CH, +3H,
I
In
_ _ _
CH,
+ 2H, > CH,
Trucmg hop 4.
CH4
^ CH, —
C,H4
QH^
CH4
'^'.'''"'^
) CH. +3H,
I
In
"
CH,
+ H, > CH4
CH4
+ H. ) CH,
46
Chirmig 3.
HIDROCACBON
THOM
1.
2.
A,

KIEN
THirc CO BAN j
I,
HIDROCACBON
THOM
(AREN)
Cong
thurc
Chung
:
C„H2n-6
(n>6)
Cau
true
cua
phan
tilr
benzen
•
Sir hinh thaiih
lien
ket trong phSn tir
benzen
Sau nguydn
tiJf
C trong
phan
tir
benzen
a trang thai lai hoa sp' (lai hoa tarn giac).

Il M6i nguyen ti> C sir dung 3 obitan lai hoa de tao
lien
kfi't
a vdi 2 nguydn tir C
•
ben
canh
no va mot nguyen tir H. Sau obitan p con lai ciia 6 nguydn til C xen
jBj^phu
ben vdi nhau tao thanh obitan n chung cho ca vong
benzen.
Nhcr vay ma
^HPlien
ket
7:
a vong
benzen
tuong d6'i ben
viing
hom so vdi
lien
ket n a
anken
cung
I p nhu cac hidrocacbon kh6ng no
khac.
•
Mo hlnh
phan
tir

Sau nguyen tir C trong
phfin
tir
benzen
tao thanh mot luc
giac
diu. Ca 6 nguyen
tir
C va 6 nguyen tir H ciing nJm tren mot mat phing (con goi la mat
phSng
phan
tir).
Cac goc hoa tri deu
bang
120".
•
Bieu di6n cau tao ciia
benzen
hoac
3.
Tinh
chat
vat h'
Benzen va cac ankyl
benzen
la nhihig
chat
khong mau, hdu nhu kh6ng tan trong
nu6c
nhutig tan nhieu trong cac dung moi

hiru
co nhu ancol, ete, axeton va dong
thai
chinh chiing cung la dung m6i hoa tan nhidu
chat
khac.
Chang han,
benzen
hoa tan brom, iot, lu\ huynh, cao su,
chat
beo, Cac
aren
diu la nhihig
chat
c6
mui
nhu
benzen
va toluen c6 mui thom nhe, nhung c6 hai cho siic khoe
nha't
la
benzen.
4.
Tinh
chat
hoa hoc
+
Phan
ling
the

oj
Phan i'fn)j
halogen
hoa
•
Benzen va cac dong
dang
ciia
benzen
khong
phan
ii'ng
v6i dung djch brom
nhung
phan
ii'ng
d6
dang
vdi brom khan khi c6 mat cOa bot sat lam
xiic
tac
Br
Br^
Fe
+
HBr
Brombenzen
47