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
KHOA TOÁN - CÔNG NGHỆ
BÁO CÁO
ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC SINH VIÊN
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r
THUYẾT TƯƠNG ĐỐI HẸP VÀ ỨNG DỤNG
NHÓM NGÀNH: TN 1
Chủ nhiệm đề tài:Vũ Lan Phương
Sinh viên lớp K10- ĐHSP Vật Lý
Cộng tác viên: 1. Nguyễn Tuấn Anh
2. Nguyễn Thị Hoàn
Người hướng dẫn:ThS. Cao Huy Phương
PHÚ THỌ - 2013


KHOA TOÁN - CÔNG NGHỆ
BÁO CÁO
ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC SINH VIÊN

THUYẾT TƯƠNG ĐỐI HẸP VÀ ỨNG DỤNG
NHÓM NGÀNH: TN 1
Chủ nhiệm đề tài:Vũ Lan Phương
Sinh viên lớp K10- ĐHSP Vật Lý
Cộng tác viên: 1. Nguyễn Tuấn Anh
2. Nguyễn Thị Hoàn
Người hướng dẫn : ThS. Cao Huy Phương
PHÚ THỌ - 2014
MỤC LỤC
MỞ ĐẦU Trang




 !"#$%&
#'()* +)", /0+/1-,2  311/1&,4,1,",./51",/64/57
#&+8#6'()* $9*./:8);
#<&=>$"? "@A5B"C5D$EFG
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#;&MN.5O6"@L.L(  311/1&,4,1,",./51",/64/57

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MỞ ĐẦU
1. Tổng quan tình hình nghiên cứu thuộc lĩnh vực đề tài
)*2:P"Q R6.S6E)-)*5$9652T66UH(:S)VNW652)JWX"L"6E)
-)*5E26UY("Z:).[5$E/()J"\5 R661/("L"$O:91)J(1%W"U:C2
:@W"U6](^NU61#_E2 \":R:?)"UH(R)75(652T66UH(:S)`aW
`GaW`aW`ba$E61#_E2:?)"UH(-c".d652T66UH(:S)61/(`aW`<aW`;aW`ea
HfW:S)$g)61#:R"@.)$)Jf(h :C5"52J(E$i6-'W:j"
_)*6-E.)$)J?)k"l(UH(.%1O6mQmh:n)n5$EK :U^"T6
m)T6\"$9652T66UH(:S)VN
)*261/(61UY(:?)k"l(UH($E)9561UY(:?)k""U
"Q)95f(()J"\5$E6# )n5$9652T66UH(:S)VN'$#$i2
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\(7!("@652T6
2. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
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f(()L/61#"/:r(W:?)k""Z61#_E2X \":R:?)"UH("U"52J
.[5W$g) !":'")n51sR)75($E\(7!("@652T66UH(:S)VNW"o(68)
:P"kt52T66UH(:S)VN$E\(7!(u-E :96E)(52J"\5
3. Mục tiêu của đề tài
 K :U^""H.X-p652T6$E6>"()* "/.>1:Y)"@652T66UH(
:S)VN

)n5$9R)75($E*A5B"@652T66UH(:S)VN
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4. Đối tượng và phạm vi ngiên cứu
Đối tượng nghiên cứu&52T66UH(:S)VN$E\(7!(
G
  Phạm vi nghiên cứu&()J"\5652T66UH(:S)VN61/(*A52
")T5A5L6'
5. Nội dung nghiên cứu
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R)75(&X.X"@652T66UH(:S)
R)75(<&R)75($Ef($O:9-)JA56g)652T66UH(:S)
R)75(G&+R6.S\(7!("@652T66UH(:S)
6. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
vUH(NLNmL)A5L6Q6E)-)*568(A5:k"()L/61#W6?N"'$E"L"
6E)-)*5mL":nN[6'"6](^N-'652T6-)JA5:T:96E)6w:Q656iN
68(6)"C6)T6
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CHƯƠNG 1 : LỊCH SỬ RA ĐỜI CỦA THUYẾT TƯƠNG ĐỐI
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:P:U^""8(_S

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)*f(NL6 ) g)1O6A561k($9(52J6K" E$i6-'k"m):Qm8(
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:)n "@"L"E$i6-'k"W6?/1.>{L/61Rm8(_#6UY( Ev/"1,(k)
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{52J6O5f($i6"K.L($E)/Q"L""O6m'ƒ((k)Q-E6)zƒ(
:PA52T6:cmB/.L66)"6/6$#6,/8(6):Q"'-E R6"l "@ R6-/?)
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„
CHƯƠNG 2: CƠ SỞ CỦA THUYẾT TƯƠNG ĐỐI
2.1.Thí nghiệm Michelson – Morley
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3.1.Các tiên đề của Einstein
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 Không có bất kỳ thí nghiệm vật lý nào (cơ học, quang học, nhiệt học, điện từ
học, ) thực hiện trong nội tại một phòng thí nghiệm lại cho phép xác lập xem nó
có ở trạng thái chuyển động thẳng đều tuyệt đối hay không.

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 Mọi hiện tượng vật lý đều diễn ra như nhau (trong những điều kiện như
nhau) trong hai phòng thí nghiệm đang chuyển động thẳng đều đối với nhau.
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32. Động học của thuyết tương đối
3.2.1 Phép biến đổi Lorentz
3.2.1.1 Công thức Lorentz về biến đổi tọa độ
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