Logico-semantic relations and their realization in chapter 5 White fang and the Indians in the novel White fang by Jack London

Logico-semantic relations and their realization
in chapter 5 "White fang and the Indians" in the
novel " White fang" by Jack London
Các mối quan hệ lôgíc – ngữ nghĩa và sự thể
hiện của chúng trong chương 5 „Nanh Trắng và
những người Anh-Điêng‟ trong tiểu thuyết
„Nanh Trắng‟ của Jack London

Nguyễn Thị Phượng

University of Languages and International Studies
M.A. Thesis. English Linguistics; Mã số: 60 22 15
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Hoàng Văn Vân
Năm bảo vệ: 2012

Abstract. This paper investigates logico-semantic relations between clauses in clause
complexes. The study first re-examined some basic concepts of systemic functional
grammar and two types of logico-semantic relation – expansion and projection. Then,
Chapter 5 “White Fang and the Indians” in the novel “White Fang” by Jack London was
taken and analyzed based on the framework of Halliday‟s (1994) An Introduction to
Functional Grammar. The result of the study showed that both types of logico-semantic
relations were present in the text in which expansion was predominant than projection.
This could be explained that the writer mainly described the characters, their behavior
and actions rather than quoted or reported their talks. In expansion, extension was most
frequently used because the text was constructed to give more information rather than
explain it. In projection, projecting locutions were more prominent than projecting ideas,
for here the characters communicated with each other by languages rather than by
thoughts. Besides that, the study revealed some characteristics of the type of the text. It
also reflected the complexity of language and logico-semantic relations between clauses
in clause complexes. Finally, the study made some implications for teaching and learning
English and some suggestions for further research.

Keywords. Ngôn ngữ; Tiếng Anh; Ngữ nghĩa


Content.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Declaration
i
Acknowledgements
ii
Abstract
iii
Notational conventions
iv
List of figures and tables
v
Table of contents
vi
PART A: INTRODUCTION

1. Rationale
1
2. Aim of the study and Research questions
2
3. Scope of the study
2
4. Data collection
3
5. Methods of the study

3
6. Design of the study
3

PART B: DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1.1. Introduction
4
1.2. What is functional grammar?
4
1.3. The role of Contextual Analysis
5
1.3.1. What is Context?
5
1.3.2. The Model of context
6
1.4. Grammatical rank scale
6
1.5. Clause and clause complex
8
1.5.1. Clause and its position in functional grammar
8
1.5.2. Clause simplex and clause complex
9
1.6. Logico-semantic relations between clauses in clause complexes in
English
9

1.6.1. Expansion
12
a. Elaboration
13
 Paratactic elaboration
13
 Hypotactic elaboration
14
b. Extension
16
 Paratactic extension
16
 Hypotactic extension
17
c. Enhancement
18
 Paratactic enhancement
19
 Hypotactic enhancement
21
1.6.2. Projection
23
a. Paratactic projection
23
 Paratactic locutions
23
 Paratactic ideas
24
b. Hypotactic projection
25

 Hypotactic locutions
25
 Hypotactic ideas
25
1.7. Summary
26

CHAPTER 2
LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS BETWEEN CLAUSES IN
CLAUSE COMPLEXES IN CHAPTER 5 “WHITE FANG AND THE
INDIANS” IN THE NOVEL “WHITE FANG” BY JACK LONDON

2.1. Introduction
28
2.2. The context of the chosen text
28
2.3. Contextual configuration of the text
29
2.3.1. Field
29
2.3.2. Tenor
29
2.3.3. Mode
29
2.4. The analysis of the text
30
2.5. Findings and discussions
30
2.5.1. Expansion
30

a. Elaboration
31
 Paratactic elaboration
31
 Hypotactic elaboration
31
b. Extension
33
 Paratactic extension
33
 Hypotactic extension
34
c. Enhancement
35
 Paratactic enhancement
35
 Hypotactic enhancement
36
2.5.2. Projection
39
a. Paratactic projection
39
 Paratactic locutions
39
 Paratactic ideas
39
b. Hypotactic projection
40
 Hypotactic locutions
40

 Hypotactic ideas
40
2.6. Concluding remarks
42


PART C: CONCLUSION
1. Recapitulation
43
2. Implications of the study
43
3. Suggestions for further study
44
REFERENCES 46
APPENDICES
References.
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