High school english essays TUYỂN tập 120 bài LUẬN TIẾNG ANH cực HAY KHÔNG THỂ bỏ QUA – CHỦ đề đa DẠNG lv từ cơ bản đến NÂNG CAO

TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ





High School English essays

TUYỂN TẬP 120 BÀI LUẬN
TIẾNG ANH CỰC HAY
KHÔNG THỂ BỎ QUA – CHỦ
ĐỀ ĐA DẠNG Lv TỪ CƠ
BẢN ĐẾN NÂNG CAO





TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Work is the only route to happiness. Discuss.

The ideal put forward to young people has, traditionally, been 'mens sana in corpore
sano', and this implies a proper balance between work and play. Yet to achieve
happiness, that coveted but elusive state of total fulfilment, requires more. It is true that
mankind in general, though with exceptions, has a built-in instinct for work. The vast
gulf separating humanity from its physical origins, the animal world, is due to millennia
of cerebral and physical activity. Yet there are other equally powerful instincts in the
human make-up. The desire, in most cases, to form life-long emotional attachments; the
instinct, again in most cases, to start a family; the making of friendships; the search for a
fulfilling occupation, to name the most obvious.
In some countries there are a privileged few who are born into possessions, money and

position, so the need to work in the normal sense does not apply to them. Yet it is
noticeable that these people generally find some worthwhile occupation. This may be
anything from estate management to patronage of some charitable institution to
participation in the pop scene. This again indicates that to follow some kind of
occupation, whether useful or not, is a genuine instinct.
History supports this view, and literature has produced many sayings expressing the
value, perhaps the necessity of work. 'Satan hath some mischief yet for idle hands to do';
'our best friend is work' (Collin d'Harleville); 'to youth I have but three words of counsel
- work, work, work' (Bismarck); 'sow work and thou shalt reap gladness' (Proverb);
'work won't kill but worry will' (Proverb).
For most of us work is both a necessity and source of fulfilment. We need a regular
income, just as our country needs part of the wealth we create and claims through
taxation. The fulfilment of the instincts mentioned in Paragraph 1 cannot be achieved
without money. The right use of money is of course important; Charles Dickens made
the point that to live sixpence below one's income led to happiness; to live sixpence
above led to misery.
The definition of work is wide, ranging from manual labor to the highest forms of
intellectual activity. We are not all suited to every kind of work. I would be of little use
as a manual worker, since my skills in that direction are limited. Conversely, not all
manual workers could do my work. Among other things, I write a little. I was once
asked 'What motivates you to write?', the questioner expecting some high-falutin
answer. I was tempted to answer 'Money!' In fact the best writers have all taken this
view. Only the second rate prattle about artistic fulfilment .
So, the worthwhile student spends his or her early years developing the skills which will
lead to gainful employment; not to amass money for its own sake, but for what money
can do. As life goes on, money becomes less important, though at any stage it only
assumes importance when one has too little of it.
Realistically, during the current worldwide trade recession, the sad problem many
people have to face is unemployment or redundancy. One hopes that this will soon pass.
Some countries have training and re-training schemes to prepare their work-forces for

the end of the recession. The fact that lack of work is so frustrating highlights the
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
motivations for work already mentioned.
In any discussion of work its dangers must not be overlooked. It is possible to be so
obsessed with work that other highly important human considerations are neglected,
with disastrous results. The workaholic neglects his or her family. This may lead to
separation, divorce, and or problems with growing children, not to mention damage to
human relations generally. Trollope had a character, the Duke of Omnium. He was a
most worthy and honorable character, became Prime Minister, worked indefatigably for
the parliamentary acceptance of a decimal coinage. His wife and family, all admirably
provided for, let him down consistently in various ways. His human sympathies had
atrophied.
The love of money, work's product, may become even more dangerous. Charles
Dicken's character, Scrooge, is an example. Another is Silas Marner, who did not
reform his outlook until his store of gold coins had been stolen, and until he was
confronted with the human need to bring up a small child.
So in general terms the topic-statement has to be supported, but with all the provisos
mentioned. Like any other human instinct, its expression must be wisely handled.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Science can never provide a final answer or things, it is only a way of
studying them. Do you agree?

It is somewhat rash to assume that the only role of science is to answer the question
'How?'. That was true in the days of Newton, when an educated person could have a
grasp in outline of all human knowledge. Science then filled some of the gaps left by the
deliberations of the philosopher and the theologian. Since then, it has far outstripped the
contributions of both. Philosophy has degenerated into historical study, and has no
modern contribution to make. Theology has made no advance since the Middle Ages.

The mantle of seeking answers to man's most fundamental questions has fallen on
science. Whether these questions will ever be answered is an entirely different matter,
but there is no other way ahead. So the topic-statement is fundamentally wrong.
By science, of course, is meant physics, which is fundamental to all studies - chemistry,
biology, astronomy, indeed all macro and micro investigation. Physics has identified the
laws which keep the universe in a state of equilibrium, and today seeks a unified theory
to account for the space-time continuum necessary to the existence of that equilibrium,
and the various other dimensions beyond the four known which are postulated. So
science moves towards the first philosophical question, Is there a unified theory, or are
events ultimately random? The answer to this question, if ever found, leads to the far
more fundamental question, To what extent, if any, is God (the Creator) limited by his
own creation? The determinism of Laplace is now seen to be totally beside the point,
and belongs to a mechanistic view of the universe which can no longer be sustained.
Today, science is moving rapidly towards a chaos theory which takes into account
God's freedom of action plus the predictable results of laws already known to us, and
also unpredictable events.
It is interesting that whereas the old scientific determinism either limited to the Creator's
function or precluded the necessity of a Creator, or saw the Creator as totally detached
from his creation, science today is begin forced into a belief in God. It also moves
towards an acceptance that the scientifically unknown area, the God - mankind personal
relationship, is not only feasible, but likely. So science has become much more than a
way of studying things. Whether science can get beyond this point is a matter of
conjecture. At a shrewd guess, science may well establish the possibility of eternal life ,
without being able to advance any more proof than could the old-time theologian.
World religions have always said that such a belief depends on revelation and personal
faith, and it may well be the Creator's intention to keep it that way. Faith, at least, would
be greatly devalued if it could ever become the subject of scientific proof, whatever that
may be.
Another answer, again stemming from the chaos theory, is to the co-existence of good
and evil. If there is a Creator, it follows that evil, at least as understood by humanity,

must have been allowed to enter the world-scene at some point, but deliberately.
Redemption from its consequences is another result, and history is the record of the
struggle between the two forces. This, says science, although leading to apparently
random results, such as the little child stepping under the bus, or a death from cancer, is
not random at all. All the same, it may stem from 'chaos', if this is seen in conjunction
with a belief in the indestructibility of the human personality. So, say the faithful, 'God
not only creates, He cares', and science today is not disposed to reject this possibility,
the two approaches may converge on the same point. The processes of the universe are
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
incredibly diverse and complicated, so why should the possibility of life after death be
ruled out?
Such a belief is an essential corollary to any concept of justice in the Creator's character.
This is not justice merely in the sense of retribution. The early Jews believed the Creator
got so fed up with humanity that He destroyed them in the Flood, but made a fresh start
with Noah's family and the paired livestock! Divine Justice is part of the concept of
Divine Love, which postulated creation, with mankind as it's highest sentient form, as
an expression of that love.
So the great world religions have this at least in common with modern science; there is a
benevolent Creator who offers post-earthly life in some other dimension in exchange for
the human response of kindness and observance of a revealed moral law. Justice,
therefore, moves into an eternal setting.
A religious scientist will find no essential disharmony between his or her faith and the
scientific outlook. The great questions of life have satisfying, if unprovable answers.
Some of the inadequacies of religion, such as early church doctrines of the cosmos, and
strictly Bible-based theories of the origin of species, have been corrected by scientific
investigation without detriment to the central core of belief.
Where science, or more precisely the scientist, inevitably falls short is in the application
of an essentially simple moral code to the complex issues raised by scientific advance.
Genetic manipulation is a case in point. The whole question of in-vitro fertilization is
highly controversial.

All that is on the local scale. On the grand scale the Creator may, or may not allow the
discovery of a unified theory of the universe which will provide answers to supplement,
rather than displace the answers already provided by the higher religions.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Modern methods of transport have transformed our world into a village. Is
this a blessing or a curse?

In some respects the topic-statement is true. Modern transport, especially by air, allows
people to circle the globe in a few days, or hours, if an aircraft such as Concorde is
used. Thus we have learnt to look upon distance as nothing. I can get to Paris from
south-east England quicker than I can get to central London. So, the world has become a
village? If so, the comparison ends there. In no respect does the world resemble a
village community. Those who support the one-world movement no doubt share a great
ideal but are, in fact, flying in the face of history, of present facts, and of any likelihood
in the near future. Modern travel merely underlines the differences between races and
nations. Rather than broaden the mind, travel confirms national prejudices. It may well
lead to a greater international understanding, but to understand does not mean to agree,
or to forgive. Modern travel may allow great athletes to meet every four years in
friendship to discover the medal winners, but it would be naive to suppose that the
Olympic Spirit had anything to do with the reality of international affairs or could
possibly have any effect on them.
Of course modern transport cannot be blamed for the state of today's world. Like atomic
energy, it is neutral, and the blessing or the curse results from the way in which it is
used.
First, the benefits. Before the invention of the electric telegraph, news of a natural
disaster in, say, an eastern country could only reach the west by steamship, so that by
the time help reached a stricken area, it was too late to be of much use. Today,
information by satellite, both in reports and pictures, is instantaneous. Response time is

correspondingly quick. Modern transport planes can carry food, water and medical
supplies to where they are needed in a matter of hours.
So the modern jet aircraft can help enormously in relief work. It has also proved of great
benefit both to the business world and to tourism. Within certain weight-limits, it can be
used for overseas trade worldwide, and the vast extension of available markets is largely
due to the modern aircraft. And where business has to be done in person there are no
real delays.
The aircraft has extended foreign travel, once the prerogative of the rich, to those of
average income levels in most countries, and tourism has become a major world
industry. The aircraft and the helicopter both have important search and rescue roles.
Ships in distress can be readily located and given help. The helicopter has several roles,
apart from its use by the police for searches and traffic control. Many lives have been
saved in mountainous areas and at sea by speedy removal to hospital, by immediate
attention by paramedics; a jet plane can carry a suitable human organ half across the
world when a transplant is urgently needed.
Modernized and high-speed rail systems are likely to prove of benefit to many countries
from the travel and trade points of view. To take Europe as an example. Tariff barriers
in the EEC have now come down, and Europe, including Britain, has become a free-
market area. In 1994, England will be linked to Europe by a channel tunnel, and Paris or
Brussels will be reached as quickly as by air. Already, goods to and from Europe, and
indeed worldwide, are transported in standardized containers, which are picked up and
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
moved rapidly in heavy lorries to their destinations along new networks of motorways.
The motorways also greatly ease long-distance car travel. At sea, modern oil tankers
carry their vast burdens worldwide.
Yet as with any other advance, all is not sweetness and light. In the case of the jet
aircraft, one needs only to mention the spy-plane, the bomber, the fighter, the assault
helicopter, all of them potent war weapons, and a curse to millions of helpless people
worldwide. The potential for nuclear, nerve gas, chemical and HE bombing is a curse
which hangs over all our heads. The need for ever larger airfields means the destruction

of tracts of countryside. Noise and oil-pollution make life a burden to those living
nearby. In some countries, over-concentration on high-speed and inter-city trains has led
to the severe neglect of existing networks and ordinary passenger rolling stock. In
smaller countries such as England, there are now far too many cars and traffic jams in
the large urban areas, providing an almost unsolveable problem. Ease of travel allows
football hooligans and other undesirables to cause trouble overseas. Every improvement
in transport facilities helps the criminal as well as the bona-fide traveler, particularly
where immigration controls are relaxed. Immigration itself becomes an increasing
problem. And at sea? All is well with the oil-tanker until it runs aground in a storm and
deposits thousands of tons of oil along the shore-line.
So there is a case to be made of the more leisurely times, to some, the good old days .
Modern transport has reduced the world if not to a village, at least relatively to village
size. Whether the village will ever become a happy community is another matter.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Work is the only route to happiness. Discuss.

The ideal put forward to young people has, traditionally, been 'mens sana in corpore
sano', and this implies a proper balance between work and play. Yet to achieve
happiness, that coveted but elusive state of total fulfilment, requires more. It is true that
mankind in general, though with exceptions, has a built-in instinct for work. The vast
gulf separating humanity from its physical origins, the animal world, is due to millennia
of cerebral and physical activity. Yet there are other equally powerful instincts in the
human make-up. The desire, in most cases, to form life-long emotional attachments; the
instinct, again in most cases, to start a family; the making of friendships; the search for a
fulfilling occupation, to name the most obvious.
In some countries there are a privileged few who are born into possessions, money and
position, so the need to work in the normal sense does not apply to them. Yet it is
noticeable that these people generally find some worthwhile occupation. This may be

anything from estate management to patronage of some charitable institution to
participation in the pop scene. This again indicates that to follow some kind of
occupation, whether useful or not, is a genuine instinct.
History supports this view, and literature has produced many sayings expressing the
value, perhaps the necessity of work. 'Satan hath some mischief yet for idle hands to do';
'our best friend is work' (Collin d'Harleville); 'to youth I have but three words of counsel
- work, work, work' (Bismarck); 'sow work and thou shalt reap gladness' (Proverb);
'work won't kill but worry will' (Proverb).
For most of us work is both a necessity and source of fulfilment. We need a regular
income, just as our country needs part of the wealth we create and claims through
taxation. The fulfilment of the instincts mentioned in Paragraph 1 cannot be achieved
without money. The right use of money is of course important; Charles Dickens made
the point that to live sixpence below one's income led to happiness; to live sixpence
above led to misery.
The definition of work is wide, ranging from manual labor to the highest forms of
intellectual activity. We are not all suited to every kind of work. I would be of little use
as a manual worker, since my skills in that direction are limited. Conversely, not all
manual workers could do my work. Among other things, I write a little. I was once
asked 'What motivates you to write?', the questioner expecting some high-falutin
answer. I was tempted to answer 'Money!' In fact the best writers have all taken this
view. Only the second rate prattle about artistic fulfilment .
So, the worthwhile student spends his or her early years developing the skills which will
lead to gainful employment; not to amass money for its own sake, but for what money
can do. As life goes on, money becomes less important, though at any stage it only
assumes importance when one has too little of it.
Realistically, during the current worldwide trade recession, the sad problem many
people have to face is unemployment or redundancy. One hopes that this will soon pass.
Some countries have training and re-training schemes to prepare their work-forces for
the end of the recession. The fact that lack of work is so frustrating highlights the
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

motivations for work already mentioned.
In any discussion of work its dangers must not be overlooked. It is possible to be so
obsessed with work that other highly important human considerations are neglected,
with disastrous results. The workaholic neglects his or her family. This may lead to
separation, divorce, and or problems with growing children, not to mention damage to
human relations generally. Trollope had a character, the Duke of Omnium. He was a
most worthy and honorable character, became Prime Minister, worked indefatigably for
the parliamentary acceptance of a decimal coinage. His wife and family, all admirably
provided for, let him down consistently in various ways. His human sympathies had
atrophied.
The love of money, work's product, may become even more dangerous. Charles
Dicken's character, Scrooge, is an example. Another is Silas Marner, who did not
reform his outlook until his store of gold coins had been stolen, and until he was
confronted with the human need to bring up a small child.
So in general terms the topic-statement has to be supported, but with all the provisos
mentioned. Like any other human instinct, its expression must be wisely handled.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

"In order that economic development and progress can take place, a
country must industrialise". Discuss

Industrialisation is the application of scientific knowledge to man's economic,
agricultural, and other wealth-generating activities. In other words, it is the conversion
of the 'know-why' of science into `know-how' for industry; it is the practical application
of man's inventiveness in the improvement of his well-being and the increase of his
wealth.
Industrialisation depends on four essentials: the right idea, the right method of putting it
into effect, the right moment in time, and availability of the right materials. Machine

invented with the help of scientific know- how are used for quicker and easier
production of wealth. Therefore, it is only sound commonsense to say that the economic
development and progress of a country are dependent on its industrial growth.
There was a time when countries depended entirely on agriculture. Before the Industrial
Revolution, Great Britain too was an agricultural country. Had it not been for the wealth
she was able to amass from her colonies, she would not have become a wealthy nation
depending on agriculture alone. America at first had an economy rooted in agriculture.
With the invention of machines and with the advent of industrialisation, she made use of
machines even for her agricultural activities, apart from setting up factories and
manufacturing articles for sale.
Before machines were invented, the articles required for use by man were handmade.
These articles were not produced in bulk. But machines helped man to produce articles
in large numbers.
Today machines are used virtually in all spheres of life. Agriculture, especially in
Western countries, is highly mechanised. There are machines to plough the land, sow
seeds, hoe and weed. Pesticides are often sprayed by aeroplanes and helicopters.
Fertilisers produced in bulk in factories are used for the healthy growth of plants. All
these facilities afforded by mechanisation double our agricultural production; this means
increase in economic wealth and prosperity.
Industrialisation means growth of industries and better utilization of natural resources.
Steel is produced, oil is refined and other products are made with almost no physical
effort. Giant turbines are installed for the production of electricity. Human beings need
not do more than just push buttons, pull levers or supervise. All this means that more
work can be (lone by fewer people in less time and with less effort; and the production
too is much more.
It is industrialisation that makes it possible for giant networks of communication to span
land, sea and air. The telegraph, radio, television and telephone carry messages from
one end of the earth to another almost as fast as the flight of human thought. The train,
the aeroplane, the ship and the car carry vast numbers of people from one place to
another at an incredible speed.

The growth of human knowledge and information has been greatly facilitated by the
development of machines. The printing press had be- come so highly mechanised that
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
books, magazines and newspapers are produced at great speed.
All the developed countries of the world have been highly industri- alised. Great
Britain, Japan, France, the United States of America and Germany, just to mention a
few of the advanced countries, are regarded as wealthy nations because they are highly
industrialised. Industrialisation means enough manufactured goods to export, apart from
self-sufficiency at home. Exporting products means earning money.
A country that is not industrialised remains backward and poor. This is what has
happened to the underdeveloped nations of the world. Not only that these nations are
not scientifically and technologically advanced but they are dependent on the rich
nations for their very existence. Even if these nations are politically independent,
economically they are not.
Industrialisation not only means self-sufficiency in essential items and progress in terms
of material wealth, knowledge, communication and transport, but also shows strength.
A highly industrialised country is militarily strong; it can manufacture its own
sophisticated weapons, and will not have to depend on stronger and more advanced
nations for help in times of emergency.
Economic development is assured once the country becomes indus- trialised. But more
than economic development and wealth, industrialisa- tion marks progress. The standard
of living of the people in general increases with increasing industrialisation. We have
only to look at the agricultural workers and the factory workers, and contrast them to
realise how the latter maintain a better standard of living. A nation's prestige, her
position in the comity of nations, her economic development, her progress in terms of
communication, and transport, and her military strength are all tied up with her
industrialisation.

TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
"Reading is seeing by proxy" (Spencer). Is reading a substitute for
experience?

Robert Southey has written a poem in which he speaks about the companionship books
have given him. He says:

My days among the dead are past,
Around me I behold,
Where'er or these casual eyes are cast,
The mighty minds of old:
My ne'er failing friends are they,
With whom I converse day by day.
The poet says that books are his never-failing friends; in their company he derives
delight, and seeks relief and solace while in sorrow. The poet's words in praise of books
show that reading is a panacea for personal ills as well as for empathetic understanding
and for vicarious pleasure.
Wise men all over the world have extolled the value of reading. Bacon has this to say:
"Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man," Lamb
loves to lose himself in other men's minds. That is to say, he likes to enjoy himself in
the company of books, which as Milton has described, are 'the precious life-blood of a
master-spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life." In the words
of Emily Dickinson
There is no frigate like a book
To take us lands away,
Nor any coursers like a page
Of prancing poetry.
Spencer's observation, "Reading is seeing by proxy", underscores the importance of
reading in a man's life. He sees the value of reading as a means to experience what the
writer of a book has experienced himself. That is to say, the reader sees what the writer

has seen personally from the book written by the latter.
Books are of different kinds; some give us useful information and knowledge; some
give us the personal experiences of their authors; some are imaginative renderings of
experiences. What we call creative literature belongs to the third category. When we
refer to reading, we have invariably in mind the reading of imaginative literature. In
other words, by `reading' we mean reading novels, plays, poems, short stories,
travelogues, autobiographies, etc. Imaginative literature is certainly different from
books that are intended to pass on matter-of-fact, useful information and knowledge.
The second category of books dealing with personal experiences such as
autobiographies and travelogues is more akin to imaginative literature; for the books
belonging to this category are 'the precious life-blood of master-spirits'. Both categories
of books, namely, imaginative literature and literature based on personal experience,
give us what the writers have 'seen' for themselves.
The word 'seen' is placed within inverted commas because seeing is experiencing not
only through our physical senses but also through our mind's eye. What the poet
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
imaginatively conceives is his experience; perhaps what he imaginatively conceives is
based on personal experience. Wordsworth's poem on the daffodils or his sonnet, "Upon
Westminster Bridge" are imaginative renderings of personal experiences. The point is
when we read imaginative works we are lost in the worlds created by the writers and
experience with them their experiences. Our own experiences are only second-hand, and
therefore, vicarious. This is what Spencer means when he says, "Reading is seeing by
proxy'.
We may illustrate the above point with one or two examples. There is the famous novel,
"One Day in the Life of lvan Denisovitch", written by Alexandar Solzhonitsyn. The
novel is an imaginative rendering of the author's own experiences in a Siberian camp in
the days of Stalin. This can be said of his other novels like Cancer Ward, First Circle,
etc. The novels enable us to experience, imaginatively of course, what went on in
Russia under the iron rule of Stalin. So too Pasternack's Dr. Zhivago helps us see
vicariously the conditions that prevailed in Russia at the time of the Revolution and the

events that took place in the wake of the Revolution.
Reading novels enables us to understand the culture of a people. The Russian novels,
the English novels, the American novels - all talk volumes about the peoples of the
countries against the background of which the novels have been written. Charles
Dickson's Great Expectations, Nicholas Nickleby, etc., and Mark Twain's Adventures of
Huckloberry Finn, Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, etc. and Tolstoy's War and
Peace, Anna Karenina, etc., to mention a few novels, are examples.
Poetry is more intimate and personal than the novel or the drama. Poetry gives
expression to recollections of experiences, present and past. Wordsworth has defined
poetry as 'emotion recollected in tranquility' and as 'the spontaneous overflow of
powerful emotions'. What the poet deals with is his 'felt' experiences; reading poetry,
therefore, enables us to 'see' what the poet has 'seen'. The poet's experiences may be
mundane or spiritual. But his poetry opens up vistas for us.
Yes, reading is seeing by proxy. But is reading a substitute for experience? What we
have stated above is that reading helps us experience vicariously what the poet, the
novelist or the dramatist has experienced directly. Vicarious experience is only second-
hand experience; it is not first-hand experience. There is a world of difference between
first-hand experience and second-hand experience; one is direct, and the other is
indirect. For instance, reading a travelogue and enjoying the scenes described in it is not
the same as seeing the scenes and enjoying them ourselves. Reading is, therefore, only a
substitute for experience, and riot experience itself. But then we cannot go through
every experience ourselves; we have got to 'see' and 'hear' certain things through the
eyes and ears of others.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
What qualities, in your opinion, make a book a "Best Seller"?

A 'best seller' is a book whose copies are sold in thousands. There is an inner urge in the
reading public to buy such a book. The general reading public are normally averse to

spending money on books. As a result, most of the books just gather dust in the shelves;
they do not sell at all unless the sales are pushed up through advertisements and other
forms of media publicity. But there are exceptions; those exceptions sell like hot cakes
as soon as they are published and continue to sell for years to come. The question is:
Why do these books, just a few in number, sell well?
The Bible is one of those books that are sold in large numbers. What is the reason for
the Bible to be a best seller? The Bible is sacred to the Christians, and there are many
Christians in the world; every Christian home will generally have a copy of the Bible.
The Bible tells the story of the Jews, and of the birth and death of Christ, the Saviour.
Besides, the Bible contains holy teachings which, though more honoured in the breach
than in the observance thereof, are sacred to the Christians. If the reason for the
abundant sale of the Bible indicates anything, it is this: a book whose content is sacred
to thousands and thousands of people becomes ipso facto a best seller.
If the religious character of a book boosts up its sales, it may so happen that the non-
religious, blasphemous character of a book also can increase its sales. We have the
classic example of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses. To the devout Muslims The
Satanic Verses is an irreligious book written with the obvious intention of attacking
Islam and its founder Prophet Mohammed. The devout Muslims raised a hue and cry
against the book and its author; the book, they say, is for burning. A top religious leader
made a call for the 'liquidation' of the author of the book. All this arouses the curiosity
of the reading public; everyone who hears about the book desires to have a copy. The
book becomes a best seller. It is the controversial nature of the book that makes it a best
seller.
It is not religion alone that makes a book controversial; political commitments, socio-
political compulsions and prejudice and perceptions arising from loyalties to one
political system or the other also do. For example, Pastermack's Dr. Zhivago and
Alexander Solzhenitayn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitchgained popularity
enough in the West to become best sellers because of the controversial nature of the
books and of the implicit criticism of Stalinist Russia contained in them. In other words,
the controversy generated by the novels was primarily responsible for the sale of the

books soon after they were published. The international recognition won by the books
also accounted for their popularity.
In order that a book should be a best seller it should be able to attract the attention of the
people. We have seen that the controversial religious, political, or socio-political
character of a book may make it a best seller. But more than this, it is the uniqueness of
a book that makes it popular, and therefore, best-selling. The uniqueness of a book
arises from the originality of its theme and treatment. Saul Bellow's Herzog and Mr.
Samler's Planet can be cited as examples. Perhaps it is the uniqueness of Gitanjali that
not only earned Rabindranath Tagore his Nobel Prize for Literature but also made the
book a best seller.
It is the uniqueness of a book that makes it a classic, that makes it universally appealing.
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Homer's Odyssey, Shakespeare's plays, especially his tragedies, and Tolstoy's novels
like Anna Karenina and War and Peace are examples of world classics that continue to
be best sellers.
Other qualities associated with a book that is a best seller are its sensational nature and
the strident note of social protest inherent in its theme. Norman Mailer's The Naked and
the Dead a war novel , James Baldwin's Another Country, J.D. Salinger's The
Catcher in the Rye and Alan Paton's Cry, The Beloved Country are examples.
Another quality which appeals to the ordinary reader is the psychology of sex dealt with
in a book; perhaps it is this quality that makes the books of Harold Robins, Ayn Rand,
etc. best sellers. Nabakov's Lolita became a hot cake because of the overdose of sex in
it. This is again the reason why Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover became a best seller
once copies became freely available.
There is no one single quality that makes a book a best seller. But no book can be a best
seller unless it attracts public attention. A book catches the eye of the reading public
because of its uniqueness, its distinctiveness, arising from its theme as well as treatment.
Joyce's Ulysses, Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse, etc. attracted the attention of the
reading public because of their uniqueness. A book also gains its distinctiveness from
the universality of theme, from the fact that it caters to certain basic psychological and

spiritual needs and urges. For some sex may be the dominant urge; for some others
yearnings for spirituality may be the urge; there are other urges and needs like one's
eagerness to know more about human nature, about the exotic aspects of certain
cultures, etc. A book that satisfies some of these basic needs and urges of man can be a
best seller provided it has literary excellence in terms of theme, treatment and
innovative technique.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
"Material progress is meaningless if it does not go hand in hand with moral
and spiritual progress." Comment.

The word 'progress' generally unfolds before our mind's eye worldly achievements in
terms of money, prosperity, physical comforts and amenities. Worldly achievements
constitute our material progress. Usually every one of us aims at material progress -
economic prosperity, professional success and more money accruing from it, etc. But is
it enough that we achieve only material progress? Has material progress any meaning if
it is not accompanied by our moral and spiritual progress?
Most of us crave for progress and work for it. But the kind of progress that we work for
is only material progress and worldly success. We are over-enthusiastic about repeating
spiritual slogans and doctrines, but are not keen on practising them. We pray to God, not
for spiritual regeneration, but for worldly success. We are like Claudius in Hamlet; our
souls remain below; our words go up. Our feet are on the rungs of the ladder of worldly
success with our eyes turned upwards and with our mouths watering for the bunches of
ripe grapes. Actually, our religious protestations, prayers and practices are only a means
to an end; we seek God's intervention to help us in our worldly success - in our material
progress. We do not pray for the betterment of our souls. We are down- right hypocrites
even when we pray. We do not pause even for a moment and ask ourselves: "What does
it matter if we gain the whole world but lose our souls?"
Material progress alone is not enough; it should go hand in hand with spiritual progress.

Then only can we become developed, well-integrated individuals. As Carl Jung says:
"Out of the fullness of life shall you bring forth your religion: only then will you be
blessed."
It is not that material progress is not at all necessary; it is not that we should take to
asceticism, austerity and poverty, and live like sages. We should achieve material
progress; we should enjoy the fruits of science; affluence and prosperity should be
achieved, and we should work for prosperity. But prosperity should not blind us to 'the
fruit of the spirit'. Our prosperity should help us evolve ourselves into spiritually mature
persons.
'The fruit of the spirit' is a phrase used by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Galatians. By 'the
fruit of the spirit' he means 'love, joy, peace, patient endurance, kindness, generosity,
faith, mildness and chastity'. The qualities listed by Paul are observable human qualities.
He gives us another list of qualities which make us less than human. These qualities
may be called 'the fruit of the flesh' and these are envy, hatred, idolatry, sexual
immorality, selfishness and so on.
A spiritually evolved person is also a spiritually mature person and he shows
authenticity, compassion, responsibility, discipline, self-respect, realistic sense of guilt,
and co-operative as well as creative approaches to human relationships. He is a man of
compassion, integrity and truth. Spirituality should not be confused with other-
worldliness. It is, as the Bahai faith says, enlightenment, which is the result of
knowledge, faith, steadfastness, truthfulness, uprightness, fidelity and humility. It is the
same as the Buddha's way which is to do good, avoid evil, and purify one's own heart; it
is the same as the five constant virtues of Confucian- ism: benevolence, righteousness,
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
propriety, wisdom, and sincerity.
Material progress becomes meaningful only when it goes hand in hand with moral and
spiritual progress. A poet says that it is not in renunciation that we attain spirituality, but
in involvement:
Deliverance is not for me in renunciation, I feel
the embrace of freedom in a thousand bonds of delight.

Thou ever pourest for me the fresh draught of thy
wine of various colours and fragrance, filling this
earthen vessel to the brim.
My world will light its hundred different lamps with
thy flame and place them before the altar of thy
temple. No, I will never shut the door of my senses.
The delights of sight and hearing and touch will
bear thy delight.
Yes, all my illusions will burn into illumination of
joy, and all my desires ripen into fruits of love.
The poem says that we need not 'crucify the flesh' in order to become spiritually mature.
What is important is to combine our passions with 'the fruit of the spirit'. If we kill our
passions, we will be sterile in more ways than one and that is not conducive to healthy
spiritual life.
The dynamic factors of mature spirituality - courage, love, and wisdom - are intimately
interconnected. Courage is acting on the basis of love and wisdom and taking
reasonable risks. Love is nurturing oneself and others with courage and wisdom. And
wisdom is a healthy balance of reason and intuition, and is always open-minded.
The achievement of material progress should not be at the expense of our spiritual
development. Healthy spirituality is an ongoing process; it' helps us develop an
integrated personality. A mind that is obsessed with material progress forgets human
values. We become less than human. We should become well-integrated individuals by
cultivating spirituality in the midst of our preoccupation with the pursuit of material
progress.

TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
How could a scientist defend the view that science has failed mankind in
view of the large number of problems created?

Science has created problems for mankind. Science is a blessing all right, but it is not an
unmixed blessing. Science has made life easier and more comfortable. Science has
made it possible for us to communicate with each other readily and quickly and it has
made travel easy and fast. Machines have enabled man to save hours of manual labour.
But science is responsible for the present-day arms race and the threat of nuclear war
under which mankind exists today. In view of the threat of total annihilation of mankind
posed by nuclear advancement, there is the fear that science has failed mankind. How
can a scientist defend this view?
It is a fact that science has given us the spirit of objectivity and positivism that is
necessary for the development of human knowledge. But it is also a fact that this spirit,
when carried to unreasonable lengths in an unimaginative manner, militates against the
original intentions. The scientific method thus becomes misused. The spirit of
positivism is exaggerated to such lengths that anything that is not proved by crude
laboratory experiments is dismissed as superstition. A complacent world believing in
the creation of man by God was shaken when Darwin came out with his theory of
evolution and the origin of the species. Science makes us forgot that there is "much in
philosophy than dreamt of in heaven and on earth."
The scientist would say that the most diabolical use of science has been in the cause of
promoting the baser human instincts and that it is politicians and statesmen who are to
blame for this. Man uses science and technology for purposes of aggression; he uses the
discoveries of science to win wars. In the past men used only bows and arrows and
swords to fight with one another. But today thanks to science, he ha. at his disposal
guns, planes, ships, submarines, missiles, etc. The race for weapons has led him to the
discovery of nuclear weaponry. He can even carry on biological and chemical warfare.
In the Vietnam War harmful bacteria were used among peasants to spread diseases.
Chemicals were used to destroy acres of food crops. This is an instance of how

scientific knowledge can be abused.
The monopolisation of knowledge and machines has led to the subjugation of one class
by another and of a poorer nation by a richer nation. The mass-produced consumer
items have captured the market, thanks to machines. This has resulted in the craftsmen
and weavers going out of job.
Multinational corporations from the richer nations sell old and hazardous drugs in the
Third World. Some of these corporations are engaged in the manufacture of deadly gas
and the leakage of this gas, as it happened in 1984 in Madhyapradesh in India, can kill
thousands of people. The activities of some companies are a blatant violation of the very
spirit of science which seeks to improve the lot of mankind through its discoveries. The
scientist cannot be blamed for this. It is man's greed that is responsible - he wants profit
at any cost.
It is true that science has improved man's living standards. But this has been achieved at
a great cost to human fellowship. The old community feeling has been lost. In the past
there was co-operation among people; today co-operation has given way to competition.
The culture of material acquisition and possession has grown to such an extent that the
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
worth of man is measured in terms of wealth and possessions, and not in terms of
character, intelligence and achievement. As Paulo Friere, the Latin American
educationist, says: "To be is to have". Men today strain hard to possess status symbols,
and not to develop spiritually. Science has come to, mean materialism and material
progress. Science in a way is responsible for the destruction of spiritual values. But the
scientist cannot be found fault with for this. Man's spirituality is at stake because of his
materialistic tendencies.
Man's dependence on science has made man a slave to machines. He cannot live
without mechanical aids. Man who has invented robots may be controlled by them. All
the things scientists have invented can be put to misuse.
Many keen observers and writers have been calling our attention to the loss of a sense of
values and to the resulting deterioration of large segments of contemporary society.
They tell us that we have been living under the illusion that more motor-cars, labour-

saving devices and the like will bring happiness and usher in a better life. Without a
strong sense of values and of direction, however, the human spirit tends to weaken or
deteriorate. Technical devices can liberate man from drudgery and open up new
possibilities for cultural development. They can also have a dehumanising effect and be
potentially dangerous if there is no self-discipline and dedication to enduring values.
Frederic Lilgo in The Abuse of Learning establishes the point of view that Hitler's
Germany was a nation of highly trained specialists who were only interested in facts and
were confused about values and that, as a result, moral paralysis set in. The crisis today
is due to the over-emphasis on science and technology at the expense of cultural values.
The steady increase in the crime rate, especially among juvenile offenders, can be
attributed to this lopsided emphasis on science and technology.


TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
"Man's economic and social activities have always. been conditioned by his
physical geographical environment. " Discuss this statement.

It is very difficult to say exactly what is covered by the term 'economic and social
activities'. The term has to be understood in the context of man's economic activities and
of his social activities. That is to say, though economic activities and social activities
impinge on each other and are interconnected, those two types of activities have to be
considered separately for the purpose of discussing whether they have always been
conditioned by the physical geographical environment.
The term 'economics' is derived from the Greek oikwnene - 'household' - and every
housewife performs an economic act when she decides how to spend her family budget.
Even Robinson Crusoe on his desert island had to allocate his time between fishing,
planting crops, or building his house and how to ration the limited supplies he had
salvaged from his ship. Robinson Crusoe, however, lived in a very simple economy.
Until Man Friday appeared, he had to do everything himself. Today economic activity is
specialised and co-ordinated through markets in all but the subsistence economies in the

least developed parts of the Third World where families grow their food and make what
else they need.
In economic terms a market is not only a particular place where people buy and sell,
such as a fish or fruit market, but also includes all those who are in contact with sellers
and buyers of particular goods and services and can bring them together.
What is important to note is that any economic activity aims at production of wealth to
meet man's needs. In his primitive days man hunted and found food for himself; food to
him was wealth, and that was what he needed. He depended on his environment for the
kind of animals he could hunt for food. Later, when man began to till the soil, he
cultivated only those plants that the soil of the region in which he lived was suitable for.
So, he grew rice, wheat or other cereals, depending on the nature of the soil where he
pursued his agricultural activity.
As years passed by he found that certain items which he did not have he would be able
to get from other places through a system of barter. That is to say, his economic activity
got linked with the economic activity of people from other regions because of the
scarcity of certain items he was in need of. The barter system gave way to selling and
buying for money.
From what is said above it is clear that man could pursue his economic activity in his
early history only with the help of what was available or what could be made available
to him from his environment. This is by and large true today too. The resources
available in a country determine its economic activity. For example, in the Gulf
countries the main economic activity centres round production of oil. India which has
extensive land remains primarily an agricultural country; this is so with countries like
China and Russia. In India itself, depending on the environ- mental conditions that vary
from region to region, the agricultural activities present a diverse spectrum. For
example, in Bengal and Kerala rice is produced whereas in the Punjab wheat is grown;
so also, in many parts of Maharashitra and the Uttar Pradesh sugar cane is grown. This
variety is due to the differences in climatic conditions and the character of the soil.
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Growing coconuts, rubber and pepper is an agricultural activity in Kerala. This is

because of the suitability of the environment there for the cultivation of these crops.
Malaysia grows rubber in wide areas. Again, it is because of the suitability of the
environment.
Industries which have their moorings in agricultural activities are also conditioned by
the environment. Rubber is an agricultural product. But rubber is the base for several
industries. For industries to grow we require raw materials. Raw materials are products
of the environment. This is why mining of coal, gold, minerals and metals as an
economic activity continues to depend on the environment.
Not all economic activities need be conditioned by the environment. This is because the
world has shrunk because of easier and quicker modes of communication and transport.
Industries which bring in wealth can be located in areas that have nothing to do with the
environment. A thermal plant need not necessarily be situated in a place where coal is
easily available. Factories manufacturing fertilisers, for the same reason, need not be
dependent on the environment.
Social activities are very much bound up with economic and industrial activities. The
social activities of an agricultural community are different from those of a community
of people running industries. This is why there is great divergence between the lifestyles
of those in cities and towns and of those in villages. The social activities of a people are
determined by their economic welfare, and the economic welfare in turn is conditioned
by the environment. So, it is by and large true to say that the social activities of a people
have a bearing on the environment.
Social activities are an outward expression of the culture of a people. By `culture' we
mean a people's way of life, their food habits, dress, manners, etc. In Kerala and Bengal
people eat rice and fish, wear loin-clothes, engage themselves in festivities that have
sprung from the native soil largely influenced by the environment and climate.
In conclusion we may say that both economic and social activities are interlinked in
such a way that the one cannot be divorced from the other. The wealth that one
produces from economic activities utilising the resources available to him in his
environment becomes the guiding factor of his social activities.

TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

'The shrinking earth'. What are the main ecological threats responsible for
this in the Third World?'

While the world shrinks owing to modem means of communication and transport, the
land available for our habitation also shrinks, posing a problem which, if not attended to
now, can threaten food production. Agricultural land is disappearing fast and soil is
being eroded or exhausted. Deserts are marching and forests are disappearing. The
world, particularly the Third World, is being threatened with food shortage and over-
population and the ills associated with these.
Many areas are in danger of desertification. The Sahara in about ten years has moved
south by 100 kilometres. The Thar desert in Rajasthan in India is marching at the rate of
half a mile a year. Deserts have eaten into the Horn of Africa and much of the south-
west of the continent, and they are moving without interruption. It is said that an area
bigger than Great Britain is disappearing every year. All this means that previous
agricultural land is being turned to desert. Soil is being eroded, exhausted or blown
away. It is believed that if the present trend continues there would be very little farm
land per person by the year 2000.
The chief agent of this depletion is man who is indifferent to the sensitive and delicately
balanced ecosystems. Land is laid waste by the impact of his activities. As population
increases, cultivation is pushed to new areas, thereby accelerating the process of
depletion of arable land. Pastoral nomads and their cattle are other agents of this
destruction. The land system cannot maintain these animals and it breaks down under
severe strain. This means that the animals of the pastoral nomads eat vegetation far
more quickly than the earth can regenerate it.
Another factor responsible for this shrinking is deforestation. It has . been estimated that
half the forest area in developing countries has been denuded between 1900 and 1965
for cultivation purposes. It is feared that, if Brazil's forests are cleared at the prevailing

rate of 62,500 square miles a year, the Amazon forest will be soon destroyed, thereby
depriving us of a quarter of the world's oxygen supplies. A report of the Food and
Agriculture Organization says that 86% of wood cut in developing countries is burnt as
fuel. Deforestation decays the soil and reduces its capacity to feed and employ people. It
also reduces rain, thereby causing droughts. The rain that falls in the area runs off to
rivers, taking with it the top soil suitable for cultivation. This process can result in the
silting of rivers which in turn can affect the irrigation system. The long-term effect of
deforestation is desertification. It is said that in Java only 12% of the island has now tree
cover. The Indonesian government has reacted to the problem by reforesting and
outlawing shifting cultivation. I'll fares the land where denudation is indiscriminately
practised.
Another ecological threat is salinization associated with which is water-logging. Many
of the irrigation canals in the Third World are un- lined, and as a result water seeps
down and raises the level of water table below. This process brings the harmful salts
leached down by rain to the root zone. Plants, therefore, become stunted. This salinity
has been responsible for the damage of 15% of the irrigated land in India. The estimate
is that about 300,000 hectares are lost to salinization and water-logging.
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
The impact of these processes is the loss of arable land - the desertification of the earth.
Radical land reforms and formation of co-operatives can arrest the trend. The sad fact
remains that in many developing countries landlords frustrate government efforts. There
is the tendency for the government to coddle cities and urban industries.
Because of these ecological threats, by the end of this century, the earth would have
shrunk so much that it may have to support one and a half times the present population
on three-quarters of its present cultivated area. Land is essential for life, and the factors
referred to undermine the livelihood of the people of the Third World. When deserts
march or the earth shrinks, the Third World beware!

TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Is space exploration worthwhile?

The explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger on January 26, 1986 and the subsequent
disasters spread gloom across the world. There was the need to look into the future and
consider if astronauts be sent up in future and what should be the goals. Is space
exploration worthwhile? There are compelling reasons why we should continue to go
into space and explore it. The possible spin-off is real.
Temporary setbacks should not deter the space program. There cannot be unimpeded
advance in any field of human endeavour. The fact that man has achieved outstanding
success in space exploration is sufficient reason why the program should be continued,
and the nature of the success achieved so far justifies space exploration. In 1957 the
Russians launched Sputnik into space, followed a month later by the launching of the
first animal, the dog Laika, into space. In January 1959 the Russians successfully flew
Luna I past the moon. Two months after, the American Pioneer 4 flew by the moon.
Though the Ranger missions missed their target and the first Apollo spacecraft, sitting
on the ground, caught fire, the space program had taken off. On July 20, 1969
Americans, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon while Michael Collins
orbited around it. The space program achieved spectacular success in July 1975 when
the Apollo astronauts linked up in orbit with two Russian cosmonauts. Explorations by
nature are hazardous; people have always died. Setbacks are the price we pay for
advances.
One of the main considerations for going into space is to take advantage of its resources.
There are staggering quantities of minerals for the taking - minerals on the Moon, in the
asteroid belt and on other planets. There are the resources of vacuum, solar power and
zero gravity. We have now communications satellites and they have linked up the
world, and our planet has become talkative. There are asteroids to tap for minerals. Of
the more than 2,000 of these flying mountains that revolve round the sun many are
made up of pure nickel-iron alloy. There are those asteroids containing carbon
compounds. Apart from availing ourselves of these metals, other spin-offs are possible.

Asteroids may contain clues to the mystery of the formation of planets. These
carbonaceous asteroids are to provide resources for making oil, synthetics and even
food.
Space exploration is worthwhile for another reason: to satisfy our instinctive urge to
explore. Throughout time man has expanded by exploring unknown regions.
Exploration led to the discovery of the New World and the arrival of Europeans in the
Indies, and these explorations have had dramatic consequences. Explorations thrill
scientists and space buffs; the benefits are shared by the whole world, and the urge to
explore is satisfied, only to be aroused again. Contacts yet to be established will be
beneficial. Wealth and enlightenment are to follow. Let us hope that the success of
future exploration will not lead to exploitation of any kind.
Space exploration will add to man's scientific knowledge and help the advance of
science. There is scope to solve the mysteries of the universe, and man must go up. In
the Space Stations to be built it will be possible, because of the zero-gravity, to
manufacture materials and medicines that are difficult or impossible to manufacture on
earth. It will be possible to monitor the earth, its weather and agriculture. Zero-gravity
should help us to convert ordinary metals into something rarer than gold. Zero-gravity
TUYỂN TẬP NHỮNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH HAY THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
alloys may give us whole new substances; perhaps our future buildings will be made of
zero-gravity substances. There is also the possibility of developing a superconductor
with which we can conduct electricity without wastage. The dust on the moon or the
moondust will be a source of minerals. Will not the airless, low-gravity conditions on
the moon make it a prime site for industrial development?
There is scope to settle in worlds beyond our planet of birth. Our planet is already
overpopulated and in the next few decades millions will be added. New technologies are
to help us to occupy other planets and transform them into livable places. And the first
place to be converted or 'terraformed' will be the moon. Mars and Venus offer
opportunities for terraforming. There is water on Mars, Venus, a virtual desert, can be
colonized by transporting ice, perhaps from comets. There is much that can be gained
from space exploration, and space will be the answer to the many ills of our world.

Achievements so far and the possibilities that science and technology are to unravel
make space exploration worthwhile.