CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. If it cost too much, I (buy) …………….a smaller one.
2. If the class (be) ………………… full, we will find another one.
3. What will we do if the taxi (not come) ………………… ?
4. Will you phone me if there (be) ………………… any problem?
5. I (ask)…………………… Peter if I see him tomorrow.
6. I will go next week if I (get) ………………a train ticket.
7. It I have enough apples, I (bake) ……………….an apple pie this afternoon.
8. I will fix your bicycle if I (have) …………… a screwdriver of the proper size.
9. If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) ……………………… so many accidents.
10. If he (get) ………………………up earlier, he would get to work on time.
11. If we (have) ………… more time, I would tell you more about it.
12. If you (sell) ………….more products, you would earn more money.
13. I could help you if you (trust) …………… me more.
14. Where would you like to live if you (not live) ……………………………in Paris?
15. What (you, do) …………………… if you won a million dollars?
16. Would you mind if I (not give) ……………… you the money?
17. If I spoke English, my job (be) ………………… easier.
18. If I (be) ……………………you, I wouldn’t worry about going to the university.
19. If you had phoned me last night, I (wait) ………………for you.
20. If he (meet) ………………… you yesterday, he would have invited you to his party.
21. If I (not go) ………………. Out last night, I would have met him.
22. If Tom had been here yesterday, he (be) …………… able to advise us.
23. If he (go) ……………….…. To London yesterday, he would have met his old friend.
24. If I (have)…………………… to go to hospital, I would have given you some.
25. If I (have) ……………………… any money, I would have given you some.
26. I wouldn’t have minded having children if I (live) ……………… in the country.
27. His car (be) ………………… a lot safer if he had bought some new tires.
28. The children would have been better swimmer if they (go) ……………… swimming more frequently.
29. Cat could fly if they (have) …………… wings.
30. If Peter (study) ………………………. harder, he would get better marks.
31. You will be late for class if you (not hurry) ……………….
32. Mary would not have got wet if she (wear) ………………….a raincoat.
33. If today (be) ………………. A holiday, I would stay in bed for all day long.
34. If she (make) …………………… him change his mind, she would save him a lot of trouble.
35. Your parents (be) ……………………….a lot happier if you (phone) …………………. them earlier.
36. If I (be) …………… a bird, I would not want to live in a cage.
37. I (make) ……………….a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden are ripe.
38. Jack will shave today if he (have) ……………. A sharp razor.
39. Sally always answers the phone if she (be) …………… in her office.
40. If I (have) …………………… enough money, I will go with you.
41. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go) ………………. To the zoo.
42. If Sally (be) …………… at home tomorrow, I’m going to visit her.
43. If you (be) ……………. Lazy, you will fail the exam.
44. If you don’t have breakfast, you (get) ……………… hungry.
45. I (buy) …………………… shares in that company if I had some money.
46. If he (clean) ………………. His windscreen he’d have been able to see where he was going.
47. If you drove your car into the river, (you, be) ………………… able to get out?
48. If you (not belong) …………………. To a union you couldn’t get a job.
49. If I (win) ……………… a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job.
50. What you (do) ……………… if you found a burglar in your house?
51. If I (be) ……………… you, I (apply) …………… for that job.
52. If we (forgive) ………………. You, you (tell) ………… ……………… my mother that secret last week.
53. If we (live) …………………. In the seaside, we (go) ………………. Swimming everyday.
54. If they (arrive) ………………………. at the airport earlier, they (not miss) …………… the plane.
55. If tonight (be) ……………… Saturday night, I (go out) ………………………with my friends.
56. We (go) …………… on a picnic if it (not snow) ……………………… heavily last Sunday .
57. If the police (be) …………….present here now, those boys (stop) ………………… fighting./
58. The score of yesterday’s match (not be) …………so bad if Tony (not be)…… …… sent out of the field.
59. He (live) ……………… a happier life if he (have) ……………. Some parental love. He is unlucky.
60. If our teacher (be) ……………… here now , he (tell) ……………… us how to solve that problem.
61. They (get) …………… better marks if they (study) …………… harder every day.
62. He (meet) ……………… his old friend if he (go) ………………. To London yesterday.
63. If we (know) ……………… who he was, we (invite) …………… him to speak at our meeting.
64. If the weather (be) ……………… nice today, we (go) ………………… to the zoo.
65. Why didn’t you attend the meeting? - Oh I did not know indeed. If I (know)……… ,I (come)
……… there.
66. If last night I (not, see) ______________ you in the street, I would have missed you so much.
67. If you (be, not) _________ me, you wouldn’t understand me.
68. Tom (not, open) _________________ the windows if the wind becomes stronger.
69. We (see) _____________ the tiger now if we visited the zoo.
70. The girl (not, be) __________________ sad if she had passed the exam.
71. Mary will give you a ring if she (not, work) ____________________ this evening.
72. I would have a present if I (have) _______________ a party.
73. My school would not have got older if it (be, not) __________________ repainted last year.
74. If the young man (take) _____________ off his coat, he will get a cold.
75. If your boss (sit) __________________ in the office now, he could solve your problem.
76. If people (not, build) _____________ a new school ten years ago, students would have had a place to study.
77. If you sing well, everyone (clap) _______________ their hands.
78. If the boy didn’t play soccer, the ball (not, jump) __________________ over my windows.
79. If Mai hadn’t got married with the old man, she (not, feel) ___________________ sad.
80. Her son (not, get) ________________ lost if he isn’t careful.
81. The man (have) __________________ some troubles if he went on making this project.
82. We (not, listen) ___________________ to you if we had been angry last night.
83. If you feel sad, you (talk) _____________________ to me.
84. If she hadn’t crossed the street yesterday, she (be, not) ________________________ in the hospital
85. You might get fat if you (stop) __________________ smoking.
86. You (get) ___________________ a job if you had a degree.
87. If she (phone) _____________ me tonight, I can talk to her.
88. They won’t travel Nha Trang if there (be) ___________ a storm.
89. We (not, work) _______________ hard if we get sick.
90. What (happen) _____________ if there were no gravity?
91. People (not, see) _____________ if they didn’t have eye.
92. If she (be) __________ me, she could take this job.
93. If he (not, call) ______________ you tomorrow, I won’t meet him.
94. The man could see a tiger on the street if it (get) ___________ lost.
95. You mom wouldn’t be sick if she (not, take) _________________ care of you.
96. The boss couldn’t fire you if you (try) ____________ your best.
97. A monkey (bite) ___________ you if you attack it.
98. If Susan (go) ______________ to the party, she could join a dancing club.
99. If they (be, not) _____________ at school, they can’t be punished.
100. If a man (point) ______________ a gun with me, I would be frightened.
Conditional sentences
1. If the earth suddenly ______ (stop) spinning we all ______ (fly) off it.
2. If you ______ (smoke) in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers ______ (object).
3. ______ (your parents/ not/ be) proud if they could see you now?
4. I’ll lend you War and Peace if I ____ (finish) it before you go on holiday.
5. If we ______ (work) all night we ______ (finish) in time; but we have no intention of working all night.
6. If you had worked harder, you ______ (pass) your final exam.
7. There have been a lot of thefts from cars in the city center. If you
______ (leave) your car there, ______ (not leave) any valuabIes in it.
8. I don't have enough money to buy that house. But if I ______ (have) more money, I ______ (buy) it.
9. I got wet because I didn't take my umbrella. However, I ______ (not/ get) wet if I ______ (remember) to take
my umbrella with me.
10. I'm broke, but I ______ (have) plenty of money now if I ______ (not/ spend) so much yesterday.
11. Tom's hobby is collecting stamps from all over the world. If he ______ (travel) to a new country, he ______
(spend/ always) time looking for new stamps.
12. I'm doing the test very well now. I ______ (not/ do) the test well if I ___ (not/ revise) thoroughly last night.
13. ______ (you/ take) that job if you ______ (know) that you had to work nights?
14. I don't ride the bus to school every morning because it's always so crowded.
_______________________________________________________
15. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn't grow.
_______________________________________________________
16. Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson.
_______________________________________________________
17. The wind is blowing hard, so we won't take the boat out for a ride.
_______________________________________________________
18. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
_______________________________________________________
19. I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
20. Because I don't have enough free time, I can't help my mother with the housework.
_______________________________________________________
21. Rita is exhausted today because she didn't get any sleep last night.
_______________________________________________________
22. I didn't prepare for today's lesson: So it is difficult for me to understand the teacher's explanation.
_______________________________________________________
23. I don't want them to be upset, so I've decided not to tell them what happened.
_______________________________________________________
24. Martin failed his driving test last week because he was very nervous.
_______________________________________________________
25. Go' right now or you'll be late for the train.
_______________________________________________________
26. Sally doesn't know what she has to do for homework because she was absent from school on Friday.
_______________________________________________________
27. Olga and Ivan weren't paying attention, so they didn't see the sign marking their exit from the highway.
_______________________________________________________
28. Paulo is working on two jobs right now, so he doesn't have time to help you with your remodeling.
GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES
I. Write a sentence with “should / shouldn’t + the phrase”
1. I have a headache. (see a doctor)
→ You should see a doctor.
2. His stomach is aching. (not eat green fruit)
→ He shouldn’t eat green fruit.
3. My father has a sore throat. (not smoke so much)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Nam feels very tired. (go to bed early)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He had an accident last week. (not drive so fast)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I catch flu. (stay in bed)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Hoa feels sleepy. (not stay up late)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. His shirt is very old. (buy a new one)
→ …………………………………………………………………………………………… …
9. Her room is very dirty. (clean it every day)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I play tennis badly. (practice tennis more regularly)
→ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
1. If men (be) only more reasonable, there would be no more war. →
2. If I (know) his address I’d give it to you. →
3. If people (drive) more carefully, they travel round the world. →
4. If I (have) a lot of money, I would travel round the world. →
5. If she (not work) hard, she couldn’t support her family. →
6. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job. →
7. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house. →
8. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek. →
9. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. →
10. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree. →
Phonetics
1. a. where b. sphere c. atmosphere d. here
2. a. clear b. hear c. idea d. heart
3. a. tour b. pour c. your d. mourn
4. a. square b. share c. are d. rare
5. a. cure b. pure c. nature d. mature
6. a. gulf b. surface c. submarine d. current
7. a. ocean b. undersea c. beneath d. feature
8. a. pair b. rain c. afraid d. straight
9. a. tiny b. device c. krill d. migrate
10. a. think b. depth c. further d. breath
Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. maintain b. marine c. challenge d. device
2. a. investigate b. information c. submarine d. independent
3. a. organism b. environment c. temperature d. satellite
4. a. carnivore b. entrapment c. technology d. Atlantic
5. a. secret b. ocean c. migrate d. herbicide
PRONUNCIATION /ɒ/ - /ɔː/
1. /ɒ/
a) "o" thường được phát âm là /ɒ/ trong một số trường hợp: ot, ock, op, ox, ob, od (khi trọng
âm rơi vào những âm này)
shot
/ʃɒt/
đạn, viên đạn body
/ˈbɒdi/
thân thể, thể xác
lock
/lɒk/
khóa lot
/lɒt/
nhiều
bottle
/'bɒtl/
cái chai odd
/ɒd/
lặt vặt, linh tinh
pot
/pɒt/
cái bình, lọ what
/wɒt/
gì, cái gì
shock
/ʃɒk/
sự tổn thương, sốc comma
/ˈkɒmə/
dấu phẩy
top
/tɒp/
đỉnh cao rob
/rɒb/
ăn trộm, cướp đoạt
box
/bɒks/
cái hộp robbery
/ˈrɒbəri/
vụ trộm
block
/blɒk/
khối, tảng stop
/stɒp/
dừng lại
b) “a” đôi khi được phát âm là /ɒ/
want, watch , what, quatity, quantity
2. /ɔː/
horse
/hɔːs/
con ngựa auction
/'ɔːkʃn/
sự bán đầu giá
ball
/bɔːl/
quả bóng pour
/pɔː(r)/
rót, đổ
port
/pɔːt/
cảng pause
/pɔːz/
tạm dừng
caught
/kɔːt/
bắt (QK của catch) bought
/bɔːt/
mua (quá khứ của buy)
a. "a" được phát âm là /ɔː/ trong những từ có một âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng "ll"
tall
/tɔːl/
cao hall
/hɔːl/
hội trường, phòng họp lớn
call
/kɔːl/
cuộc gọi wall
/wɔːl/
bức tường
small
/smɔːl/
nhỏ bé stall
/stɔːl/
sạp hàng, quán hàng
fall
/fɔːl/
rơi, ngã squall
/skwɔːl/
hét lên
Ngoại lệ: shall /ʃæl/ phải, sẽ
b. "o" thường được phát âm là /ɔː/ trong những từ có nhóm or (+phụ âm)
born
/bɔːn/
sinh ra adorn
/ə'dɔːn/
trang hoàng, tô điểm
corpse
/kɔːps/
xác chết corner
/'kɔːnə/
góc, chỗ góc
horn
/hɔːn/
còi xe corpulent
/'kɔːpjulənt/
mập mạp, béo phệ
north
/nɔːθ/
phương bắc hormone
/'hɔːməʊn/
hooc môn
pork
/pɔːk/
thịt lợn mordant
/'mɔːdənt/
chua cay (lời nói)
sort
/sɔːt/
thứ, loại morning
/'mɔːnɪŋ/
buổi sáng
more
/mɔː/
before
/bi’fɔː/
But: work, worth, worm, worse world, worship, worry…
c. "au" + một hoặc hai phụ âm thường được phát âm là /ɔː/ :
fault
/fɔːlt/
lỗi lầm, điều sai lầm
daughter
/'dɔːtə(r)/
con gái
haunt
/hɔːnt/
ám ảnh, hay lui tới
naughty
/'nɔːtɪ/
hư, xấu nết
launch
/lɔːntʃ/
hạ thủy (một chiếc tàu)
laundry
/'lɔːndrɪ/
tiệm giặt ủi
audience
/'ɔːdiəns/
thính giả
maunder
/'mɔːndə(r)/
nói huyên thuyên, lung
tung
Ngoại lệ: laugh /la:f/ aunt /a:nt/
d. "aw" thường được phát âm là /ɔː/ khi trong một từ có tận cùng là aw hay aw+phụ âm
law
/lɔː/
luật pháp awful
/'ɔːfəl/
khủng khiếp, hãi hùng
bawl
/bɔːl/
kêu, la lớn awkward
/'ɔːkwəd/
vụng về
dawn
/dɔːn/
buổi bình minh bawdy
/'bɔːdɪ/
tục tĩu
crawl
/krɔːl/
bò, bò lê tawny
/'tɔːnɪ/
hung hung (màu sắc)
draw
/drɔː/
kéo, lôi mawkish
/'mɔːkɪʃ/
nhạt nhẽo, ủy mị
e. "oa" được phát âm là /ɔː/ khi đứng trước "r"
board
/bɔːd/
bảng hoarse
/hɔːs/
thô lỗ, lỗ mãng
coarse
/kɔːs/
thô lỗ oar
/ɔː(r)/
mái chèo
soar
/sɔː/
bay vút lên roar
/rɔː(r)/
gầm rống
Ngoài ra: broad /brɔːd/ abroad /ə’brɔːd/
f. “oo”(r): door, floor…
g. ou(r) một số trường hợp: thought, ought, bought, fought, four, your, pour, course…
but: though, our, hour, flour, neighbour, …
h) Một số từ khác: warm, water, quarter, …
EXERCISES (/ɒ/ - /ɔː/)
I. Đánh dấu vào cột đúng:
Words Other
sounds
Words
/ɒ/ /ɔː/
Other
sounds
0. not X 11. floor ………. ………. ……….
1. door
2. hot
3. solid
4. blood
5. board
6. already
7. son
8. stop
9. morning
10. cause
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
12. thought
13. pot
14. out
15. although
16. too
17. icon
18. dawn
19. daughter
20. shop
21. clock
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
……….
II. Gạch chân từ không có âm đọc là:
1. /ɔː/
a) though resource four thought
b) fault August aunt because
c) corner worm score short
d) water want quarter awful
e) worth shore floor short
f) thought cold fall lost
g) bought taught caught shout
h) autumn board roar word
i) sorry lorry worry story
j) caught saw sword flour
2. /ɒ/
a) quality after watch want
b) morning clock sock stop
c) bottle quantity gone second
d) coffee not nor boss
e) modern got popular joking
f) found clock top wrong
g) cot coat cottage on
h) watch topped long horn
III. Gạch chân từ có âm khác với các từ còn lại:
1. soar ought though thought
2. fault launch laugh daughter
3. what second on box
4. block shock horn robbery
5. north morning corner work
6. too door floor broad
7. small roar dawn aunt
……………………………………………
PRONUNCIATION /ʊ/ - /u:/
I. /ʊ/
1. o + phụ âm được phát âm là /ʊ/ trong một số trường hợp sau
wolf
/wʊlf/
chó sói
woman
/'wʊmən/
đàn bà
2. oo + phụ âm được phát âm là /ʊ/ trong các trường hợp sau:
book
/bʊk/
sách cook
/kʊk/
nấu ăn
good
/gʊd/
tốt foot
/fʊt/
chân
look
/lʊk/
nhìn wood
/wʊd/
gỗ
wool
/wʊl/
len took
/tʊk/
quá khứ của take
rook
/rʊk/
con quạ
3. "ould" được phát âm là /ʊ/ trong một số trường hợp :
could
/kʊd/
có thể
should
/ʃʊd/
phải, nên
would
/wʊd/
sẽ, muốn
4. u + 1 hoặc 2 phụ âm đối với một số từ sau:
put
/pʊt/
đặt, để bullet
/’bʊlit/
viên đạn
full
/fʊl/
đầy đủ pull
/pʊl/
đẩy, đủn
pull
/pʊl/
lôi kéo butcher
/’bʊtʃə/
người bán thịt
push
/pʊʃ/
bụi cây bullock
/’bʊlək/
con bò con
sugar
/sʊgə/
II. /u:/
you
/juː/
bạn coot
/kuːt/
chim sâm cầm
shoe
/ʃu:/
giầy who
/huː/
ai (chỉ người)
luke
/luːk/
(tên người) true
/truː/
đúng
fool
/fuːl/
ngớ ngẩn sue
/suː/
kiện
boot
/buːt/
ủng, giày ống through
/θruː/
thông suốt, xuyên suốt
1.”o” thường được phát âm là /u:/ trong một vài từ thông dụng có tận cùng bằng o hay o + phụ
âm (là âm có trọng âm)
do
/duː/
làm prove
/pruːv/
chứng minh
move
/muːv/
cử động tomb
/tuːm/
mộ, mồ
lose
/luːz/
mất, đánh mất remove
/rɪ’muːv/
bỏ đi, làm mất đi
two
/tuː/
whom
/huːm/
who
/huː/
whose
/huːz/
2.“u-e”; “ue”; “u” còn được phát âm là /u:/ khi là trọng âm của từ.
Lunar
/ˈluːnə/
thuộc về mặt trăng salute
/səˈluːt/
sự chào mừng
brute
/bruːt/
con vật, người thô bạo lunacy
/ˈluːnəsɪ/
sự điên rồ
flute
/fluːt/
ống sáo lunatic
/ˈluːnətɪk/
người điên rồ
brutal
/’bruːtl/
thô bạo, dã man lubricant
/ˈluːbrɪkənt/
chất dầu mỡ
rule
/ruːl/
quy tắc glue
/gluː/
keo, hồ
dune
/duːn/
đụn cát clue
/kluː/
bí quyết
blue
/bluː/
màu xanh lam
3. “oo” : từ tận cùng là “oo” /u:/; một số từ tận cùng là oo + phụ âm (phải ghi nhớ)
cool
/kuːl/
mát mẻ tooth
/tuːθ/
cái răng
food
fuːd/
đồ ăn, thực phẩm sooth
/suːθ/
sự thật
too
/tuː/
cũng soothe
/suːð/
làm dịu, làm bớt đau
pool
/puːl/
bể bơi booby
/’buːbɪ/
người đần độn
goose
/guːs/
con ngỗng booty
/’buːtɪ/
chiến lợi phẩm
soot
/suːt/
nhọ nồi bamboo
/bæm’buː/
cây tre
spoon
/spuːn/
cái thìa boohoo
/bu’huː/
khóc huhu
tool
/tuːl/
đồ dùng googly
/’guːglɪ/
(mắt) lồi, thao láo
cuckoo
/’kʊkuː/
con chim cu doomsday
/’duːmzdeɪ/
ngày tận thế
Ngoại lệ: blood, flood
4. “ou” được phát âm là /u:/ trong một số trường hợp
croup
/kruːp/
bệnh đau cổ họng douche
/duːʃ/
vòi hoa sen
group
/gruːp/
một nhóm, một đám wounded
/’wuːndɪd/
bị thương
troupe
/truːp/
gánh hát croupier
/’kruːpɪə/
người hồ lì (ở sọng bạc)
soup
/su:p/
món súp through
/θru:/
qua, xuyên qua
5. "ui" được phát âm là /u:/ trong một số trường hợp
bruise
/bruːz/
vết thương, vết bầm cruise
/kruːz/
cuộc đi chơi trên biển
bruit
/bruːt/
tin đồn, tiếng đồn cruiser
/ˈkruːzə/
tuần dương hạm
fruit
/fruːt/
trái cây recruit
/rɪˈkruːt/
mộ binh, tuyển lính
juice
/dʒuːs/
nước cốt, nước trái cây
Ngoại lệ: fluid /ˈfluːɪd/ chất lỏng, lỏng
Ruin /ˈruːɪn/ sự đổ nát, vết tích đổ nát
6. –ew (đôi khi nhóm này được đọc là /ju:/)
brew
/bruː/
làm rượu crew
/kruː/
phi hành đoàn
screw
/skruː/
đinh ốc chew
/tʃuː/
nhai
flew
/fluː/
bay eschew
/ɪsˈtʃuː/
Tránh làm, kiêng cữ
EXERCISES (/ʊ/ - /u:/)
I. Tick the column that matches the sound in the underlined letter(s):
/ʊ/ /u:/
1. woman
2. blue
3. football
4. pulling
5. sugar
6. could
7. soup
8. good
9. smooth
10. full
II. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest:
1. push butcher pull flute
2. cook cool understood wood
3. grew threw knew blew
4. wolf prove tomb lose
5. juicy tuition group wounded
6. hook book school cook
7. full sugar cut put
` 8. group could should would
9. spoon wool noon bamboo
10. tuition school flute woman
……………………………………………
PRONUNCIATION /ə/ - /ɜ:/
I. /ə/
Cách phát âm: Đây là một nguyên âm rất ngắn. Khi phát
âm đưa lưỡi lên phía trước và hơi hướng lên trên.
(Những nguyên âm như a, e, i, o, u trong phần không
nhấn mạnh của một chữ có thể được phát âm là /ə/
hoặc /ɪ/ ví dụ trong từ accept, từ a được phát âm là /ə/
vì nó không phải là từ có trọng âm nhấn vào).
1. "a" được phát âm là /ə/ khi không chứa trọng âm
banana
/bəˈnɑːnə/
quả chuối balance
/ˈbælənts/
cân bằng
sofa
/ˈsəʊfə/
ghế bàng explanation
/ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/
sự giải thích
apartment
/əˈpɑːtmənt/
căn hộ capacity
/kəˈpæsəti/
sức chứa
separate
/ˈsepərət/
chia rẽ
2. "e" được phát âm là /ə/ khi không chứa trọng âm
answer
/ˈɑːntsə(r)/
trả lời prudent
/ˈpruːdənt/
thận trọng
mother
/ˈmʌðə(r)/
mẹ generous
/ˈdʒenərəs/
quảng đại, độ lượng
silent
/ˈsaɪlənts/
im lặng different
/ˈdɪfərənt/
khác nhau
open
/ˈəʊpən/
mở ra sentence
/ˈsentənts/
câu văn
chicken
/ˈtʃɪkən/
gà con punishment
/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
trừng phạt
3. "o" được phát âm là /ə/ khi không chứa trọng âm trong một từ có nhiều âm tiết
atom
/ˈætəm/
nguyên tử handsome
/ˈhænsəm/
lịch sự, hào hoa
bosom
/ˈbʊzəm/
lòng, tâm trí random
/ˈrændəm/
tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
compare
/kəmˈpeə(r)/
so sánh rancorous
/ˈræŋkərəs/
hay thù oán, hiềm khích
control
/kənˈtrəʊl/
kiểm soát pardon
/ˈpɑːdən/
sự tha lỗi
continue
/kənˈtɪnjuː/
tiếp tục cordon
/ˈkɔːdən/
vòng đai, vòng cấm địa
freedom
/ˈfriːdəm/
sự tự do
4. "u" được phát âm là /ə/ khi không chứa trọng âm
upon
/əˈpɒn/
bên trên suggest
/səˈdʒest/
gợi ý
picture
/ˈpɪktʃə(r)/
bức tranh surprise
/səˈpraɪz/
ngạc nhiên
5. ou+s ở cuối từ được phát âm là /ə/
famous
/ˈfeɪməs/
nổi tiếng
dangerous
/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
nguy hiểm
anxious
/ˈæŋkʃəs/
lo âu
6. đuôi –ar, -er, -or, -ur không chứa trọng âm
particular /’pətikjulə/ đặc biệt
awkward /’ɔːkwəd/ khó xử
writer /’raitə/ nhà văn
teacher /’ti:tʃə/ giáo viên
Doctor /’dɔktə/ bác sĩ
Director /’direktə/ giám đốc
Sailor /’seilə/ thủy thủ
picture
II. /ɜ:/
Cách phát âm: đây là nguyên âm dài, khi phát
âm miệng mở vừa, vị trí lưỡi thấp.
(lưu ý: ở một số sách /ɜː/ được phiên âm
là /əː/
1. or+phụ âm trong một số trường hợp:
work
/wɜːk/
công việc worse
/wɜːs/
xấu hơn
world
/wɜːld/
thế giới worship
/'wɜːʃip/
sự tôn sùng
word
/wɜːd/
từ
2. ur+phụ âm
burn
/bɜːn/
đốt cháy burly
/'bɜːlɪ/
lực lưỡn, vạm vỡ
burglar
/'bɜːglər/
kẻ trộm curtain
/'kɜːtən/
rèm cửa
Hurt
/hɜːt/
Làm đau Curse
/kɜːs/
Nguyền rủa
3. "i", "ea" + r thỉnh thoảng cũng được phát âm là /ɜː/ khi trọng âm rơi vào những từ này
bird
/bɜːd/
con chim early
/ˈɜːli/
sớm
girl
/gɜːl/
cô gái search
/sɜːtʃ/
tìm kiếm
sir
/sɜː(r)/
ngài learn
/lɜːn/
Học
circuit
/ˈsɜːkɪt/
chu vi, mạch điện earth
/ɜːθ/
Trái đất
EXERCISES
I. Put a tick in the column which contains the sound of the word (Đánh dấu vào đúng cột có chứa âm của từ):
Words
/ə/
/ɜ:/
Other
sounds
Words /ə/
/ɜ:/
Other
sounds
00. any
0. open
1. again
2. ago
3. want
4. woman
5. quantity
6. work
7. today
8. second
9. girl
X
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
X
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
10. bird
11. did
12. upon
13. hurt
14. bus
15. burn
16. full
17. mother
18. answer
19. learn
20. heart
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
II. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others (chọn từ có phần gạch chân
đọc khác với các từ còn lại):
1. a. today b. open c. atom d. silent
2. a. earn b. girl c. early d. heart
3. a. particular b. answer c. burn d. picture
4. a. or b. world c. work d. word
5. a. famous b. apartment c. freedom d. want