Từ vựng HKII tiếng anh lớp 11

A. READING
1. equip [i'kwip] with(v) trang bị →equipment [i'kwipmənt] (n) thiết bị, sự trang bị
2. advanced [əd'vɑ:nst](a) tiên tiến →advancement [əd'vɑ:nsmənt] (n) sự tiến bộ
3. spacious ['spei∫əs] (a) = roomy : rộng rãi →space ['speis] (n) không gian
4. well-trained (a) = skilled : lành nghề
5. staff (n): (toàn thể) nhân viên
6. thoughtful ['θɔ:tfl] (a) chín chắn, sâu sắc # thoughtless ['θɔ:tlis](a) không suy nghĩ
7. courteous ['kə:tjəs] (a) = polite : lịch sự →courtesy (n) lịch sự
→courteously ['kə:tjəsli] (adv): một cách lịch sự
8. mail and parcel service (n) dịch vụ chuyển thư và bưu phẩm
9. surface mail ['sə:fis] (n) thư gởi bằng tàu ,xe
10.EMS (Express Mail Service): dịch vụ thư chuyển phát nhanh
11.weight limit ['weit] (n) trọng lượng giới hạn
12.Express Money Tranfer chuyển tiền nhanh
13.speedy ['spi:di] (a) = nhanh chóng ←speed (n) tốc độ
14.secure [si'kjuə] (a) bảo đảm, an ninh → security [si'kjuərəti](n) sự an ninh/ an toàn
15.transfer ['trænsfə] (v) chuyển (n) sự chuyển →transferance (n) sự chuyển đi
→transferable [træns'fə:rəbl] (a) có thể chuyển đi
16.Messenger Call Service (n) dịch vụ điện thoại
17.notify ['noutifai] (v) thông báo → notification [,noutifi'kei∫n] (n) sự thông báo
→ notifiable (adj) phải khai báo
18. recipient (n) người nhận
19. shape (n) hình dạng
shapeless (n) không hình dạng, dạng gốc
20.facsimile [fæk'simili] (n) = fax (n) bản sao , máy fax
21.transmission [trænz'mi∫n] (n) sự chuyền đi ← transmit (v) truyền đi
22.graphics (n) đồ họa, bức họa
23.press distribution [,distri'bju:∫n] (n) sự phát hành báo chí
24.subscribe (v) đăng kí (mua báo) → subscription (n) sự đăng ký
→ subscriber [səb'skraibə] (n) người đăng ký (thuê bao điện thoại, đặt mua báo dài hạn )
B. SPEAKING

1. install [in'stɔ:l] (v)
→ installation [,instə'lei∫n] (n)
2. take place (v)diễn ra, tiến hành
3. register ['redʒistə](v) đăng ký
→ registration [,redʒi'strei∫n] (n):
C. LISTENING
1. Commune ['kɔmju:n] (n):
→ communal ['kɔmjunl] (a): chung, công cộng
2. Rural ['ruərəl](a) : thuộc nông thôn
3. Digit ['didʒit] (n): con số
4. Capacity [kə'pæsiti](n): khả năng sản xuất, sức chứa
5. Upgrade [ʌp'greid] (v):cập nhật
6. Telecommunication [,telikə,mju:ni'kei∫n] (n) viễn thông
7. Reduce [ri'dju:s]: giảm (v) → reduction (n)
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Unit 9 THE POST OFFICE
subscribers – networks - upgrading - customer demand - rural areas
Over the past few years, Vietnam has quickly developed its telephone system.
Vietnam ranks second only to China for growth in the number of telephone (1) ………………… . It
is among the 30 countries in the world that have more than two million telephone subscribers.
In the early 1990s, there were only 140,000 telephones across Vietnam. At present, we have more
than six million subscribers.
In 1996, Vietnam began (2)………………… its fixed telephone (3) ……………… and changing
numbers from six to seven digits in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City as well as five to six digits in other
provinces .
Five years later, the mobile phone system was upgraded to meet the growth in
(4) …………………………… since 2000 , Vietnam has reduced the price of several services,
especially in the monthly fees for fixed and mobile telephones .
In the future, more attention will be paid to the (5) ………………………. At present, 93 percent of
communes across Vietnam have telephone services .A network of 6,014 communal post offices have

been set up across the country.
D. WRITING
1. quality ['kwɔliti] (n): chất lượng
2. attitude ['ætitju:d] (n): thái độ
3. punctuality [,pʌηkt∫u'æləti] (n): sự đúng giờ → punctual ['pʌηkt∫uəl] (a): đúng giờ
4. arrogant ['ærəgənt] (a): kiêu ngạo
5. pickpocket ['pik,pɔkit] (n): kẻ móc túi
6. deliver [di'livə](v) → delivery [di'livəri] (n)
7. resident ['rezidənt](n): người dân
Record: Father & Son Ltd, good morning for Sales press one. For Account press two. For enquiries,
please hold.
Dona : Father & Son company , Thank you for __________ . This is Dona speaking. How can I help
you?
Georgia: Hello, my name is Georgia King, I’d like to speak to Jon Barnes, please.
Dona : Sorry , what __________ is that ?
Georgia: It’s Georgia King speaking.
Dona: Oh, I’m afraid Mr. Barnes isn’t here at the moment. Can I take a __________?
Georgia: Well, I’m returning his call. He left me a message to call him.
Dona : Ok, Hold on please … The line’ s _____________ at the moment . Can you call Mr. Barnes
back later?
Georgia: Um, Can I leave a message please ?
Dona: Oh, just a minutes. I’ll put you _________ to one of his colleagues.
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A.READING
1. endangered [in'deindʒərd]( (a) bị nguy hiểm ← endanger [in'deindʒə(r)](v) gây nguy hiểm
→ endangerment (n) sự gây nguy hiểm
2. species ['spi:∫i:z] (n) chủng loài
3. cheetah ['t∫i:tə] (n) báo gấm
4. estimate ['estimit - 'estimeit] (v) ước tính → estimation (n) sự ước tính
5. panda ['pændə] (n) gấu trúc

6. influence ['influəns] (v,n) ảnh hưởng →influential [,influ'en∫əl] (a) có ảnh hưởng
7. pollute [pə'lu:t] (v) =contaminate : làm ô nhiễm
→ pollution (n) sự ô nhiễm → polluted (a) bị ô nhiễm
→ pollutant (n) chất gây ô nhiễm
8. respect (n) =aspect: phương diện,
9. result in (v) =cause : gây ra, đưa đến
10.consequence ['kɔ:nsikwəns] (n) =result (n): hậu quả
11.rare ['reə] (a) quý hiếm
12. as a result (prep) = therefore : do đó
13. extinct (a) tiệt chủng →extinction [iks'tiηk∫n] (n)
14.prohibit [prə'hibit] (v) ban, cấm → prohibition [,prouhi'bi∫n](n) sự cấm
15.interfere [,intə'fiə](v) can thiệp → interference [,intə'fiərəns](n)
16.survive [sə'vaiv] (v)sống còn, sống sót → survival [sə'vaivl](n) :sự sống còn
17.off – spring (n) con cháu , dòng dõi
18. co-exist (v) chung sống , cùng tồn tại → co-existence (n)
19.dinosaur [dainə's ɔ:r](n) khủng long
20. fur [fə:] (n) lông (mao) bộ lông
21.capture ['kæpt∫ər] (v) sự bắt giữ
22.recreate [,rekri'ei] (v) làm giải khuây → recreation [,rekri'ei∫n] (n) sự giải trí ,sự tiêu khiển
→ recreational [,rekri'ei∫ənl] (a)thuộc giải trí
23.cultivaion [,kʌlti'vei∫n] (n) sự canh tác ← cultivate ['kʌltiveit](v) trồng trọt
→ cultivated (adj) có trồng trọt
24.discharge [dis't∫a:] (n) sự tuôn ra / đổ ra
25. measure ['meʒə] (n)= action : hành động , biện pháp
26.discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] (v) làm nản chí # encourage (v) khích lệ
27.discouragement [dis'kʌridʒmənt] (n)
28. impact ['impækt] (n) = influence : tác động , ảnh hưởng
29. scenic feature ['si:nik 'fi:t∫ə] (n) đặc điểm cảnh vật
30. devastate ['devəsteit] (v) = destroy : tàn phá
31.devastation [,devəs'tei∫n] (n) = destruction(n)

32. approximately (a) nearly, almost : gần như
33.maintain [mein'tein] (v) bảo trì → maintainable [mein'teinəbl] (a) có thể bảo trì
34.maintenance ['meintinəns] (n) sự bảo trì
35.preserve [pri'zə:v] (v) gìn giữ / bảo tồn → preservation [,prevə'vei∫n] (n)
→ preservable [pri'zə:vəbl] (a) có thể bảo tồn
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36.currently ['kʌrəntli] (adv) at the present time:
37.abundant [ə'bʌndənt] (a) = plenty : phong phú → abundancy (n) sự phong phú
38.snore [sn ɔ:] (v) ngáy (ngủ)
39.grateful ['greitful] (a) biết ơn →gratitude ['grætitju:d] (n) lòng biết ơn
40. owe (v) nợ
41. be blamed for (v) đáng khiển trách
C. LISTENING
Unit 10 NATURE IN DANGER C . LISTENING
preserve – in danger of - approximately – completely - devastating
In many parts of the United States , large areas of land have been made into national parks to protect
and (1) …………………. the natural beauty of the land . National parks usually contain a variety of
scenic features, such as mountain, cakes, lakes, rare animals and plants. Today, there are 52 national
parks in the United States, covering (2) ……………… …. 3 per cent of the total land area of the
country. National parks are all open to the public and have millions of visitors each year.
Many national parks, however, are (3)……………………being destroyed. Rare animals in national
parks are killed or hunted for fur, skin or other parts. Trees are cut down for wood. Large areas of
national parks also experience (4) ………………… fires caused by careless people . The increasing
number of visitors is harming the parks due to the pollution from their vehicles.
If these problems are not solved immediately , and if there is not enough money for the parks’ staff
and maintenance of their resources , many national parks will be (5) ………………. destroyed .
A. READING
1. alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] (a) thay thế
2. available [ə'veiləbl] (a) sẵn có
3. dam (n) đập (ngăn nước)

4. electricity [i,lek'trisiti] (n) điện
5. energy ['enədʒi] (n) năng lượng
6. exhausted [ig'z ɔ:stid] (a) cạn kiệt
7. fossil fuel ['f ɔ sl fjuəl] (n) nhiên liệu hóa thạch
8. geothermal heat [,dʒi:ou'θə:məl hi:t] (n) địa nhiệt
9. infinite ['infinit] (a) vô hạn
10. make use of (exp) tận dụng
11. nuclear energy ['nju:kliə] (a) năng lượng hạt nhân
12. plentiful ['plentifl] (a) nhiều
13. power demand (n) nhu cầu sử dụng điện
14. release [ri'li:s] (v) phóng ra
15. reserve [ri'zə:v] (n) trữ lượng
16. solar energy ['soulə] (n) năng ượng mặt trời
17. solar panel ['pænl] (n) tấm thu năng lượng mặt trời
18. windmill ['winmil] (n) cối xay gió
19. convenient [kən'vi:njənt] (a) tiện lợi
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20. enormous [i'n ɔ:məs] (a) to lớn, khổng lồ
21. harmful ['h ɑ:mful] (a) có hại
22. hydroelectricity [,haidrouilek'trisiti] (n) thủy điện
23. nuclear reactor [ri:'æktə] (n) phản ứng hạt nhân
24. radiation [,reidi'ei∫n] (n) phóng xạ
25. renewable [ri'nju:əbl] (a) có thể thay thế
26. run out (v) cạn kiệt
27. ecologist [i'k ɔlədʒist] (n) nhà sinh thái học
28. ecology (n) sinh thái học
29. fertilize ['fə:tilaiz] (v) bón phân
30. replace [ri'pleis] (v) thay thế
31. consumption [kən'sʌmp∫n] (n) sự tiêu thụ
32. make up (v) chiếm (số lượng)

33. conduct ['k ɔndʌkt] (v) tiến hành
34. experiment [iks'periment] (n) cuộc thí nghiệm
35. extraordinary [iks'trɔ:dnri] (a) lạ thường
36. locate [lou'keit] (v) nằm ở → location (n) vị trí
37. progress ['prougres] (n) sự tiến triển
38. surround [sə'raund] (v) bao quanh
C. LISTENING
Unit 11 SOURCES OF ENERGY .
renewable – Ecologists - fertilized – unlimited – supply - nonrenewable - correct amount
The natural environment includes all natural resources that are necessary for life the air, the oceans,
the sun, and the land. Because they are vital for life, these resources must be protected from pollution
and conserved. (1) …………… study their importance and how to use them carefully.
According to ecologists, resources are divided into two groups: (2) ………………… and
nonrenewable .When a resource is used , it takes some time to replace it . If the resources can be
replaced quickly, it is called renewable. If it cannot be replaced quickly and easily, it is nonrenewable.
For example, grass for animals is a renewable resource. When cows eat the grass, the resource is used.
If the soil is (3) ……………… and protected, more grass will grow. Coal, However, is (4)
………………… because it takes millions of years to make coal. All fossil fuels are nonrenewable
resources.
Solar energy, air and water are renewable resources because there is an (5) ……………… (6)
…………………….However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these
resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth depends on the atmoshere. If the
atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If life is going to
continue, the air must contain the (7) ………………. of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon dioxide
(CO
2
) and other gases. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amounts of
these gases.
Water is very necessary to people and other living things. Without water, people, animals and plants
cannot live. And if there were no plants, water would run off after it rains, and this would cause a lot

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of floods. But nature has many ways of conserving and controlling water. Water can be held on the
land by planting vegetation. Forests and grass should be planted where there are no natural growths.
Dams built across rivers help hold back the water. Reservoirs behind the dams store water during wet
seasons for use in dry seasons. Dams help prevent floods by controlling the flow of water.
1. advance [əd'vɑ:ns] (v) tiến bộ
2. appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) đánh giá cao
3. aquatic sports [ə'kwætik spɔ:t] (n) các môn thể thao dưới nước
4. athletics [æθ'letik] (n) điền kinh
5. billiards ['biljədz] (n)
6. bodybuilding (n) thể dục thể hình
7. cycling ['saikliη] (n) đua xe đạp
8. decade ['dekeid] (n) thập kỷ
9. enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzm] (n) sự hăng hái, nhiệt tình
10.facility [fə'siliti] (n) tiện nghi
11.fencing ['fensiη] (n) đấu kiếm
12.hockey ['hɔki] (n) khúc côn cầu
13.host country (n) nước chủ nhà
14.intercultural knowledge [,intə 'kʌlt∫ərəl] (n) kiến thức liên văn hóa
15.mountain biking (n) đua xe đạp địa hình
16.purpose ['pə:pəs] (n) mục đích
17.rugby ['rʌgbi] (n) môn bóng bầu dục
18.shooting ['∫u:tiη] (n) bắn súng
19.solidarity [,sɔli'dærəti] (n) tình đoàn kết
20.squash [skwɔ∫] (n) môn bóng quần
21.weightlifting ['weit liftiη] (n) cử tạ
22.wrestling ['resliη] (n) đấu vật
23.karatedo [kə'rɑ:tidou] (n) võ karatê
24.freestyle ['fri:stail] (n) kiểu bơi tự do
25.gymnasium [dʒim'neizjəm] (n) phòng thể dục dụng cụ

26.gymnast ['dʒimnæst] (n) vận động viên thể dục
27.gymnastics [,dʒim'næstiks] (n) môn thể dục dụng cụ
28.high jump (n) nhảy cao
29.long jump (n) nhảy xa
30.record ['rekɔ:d] (n) kỷ lục
31.promote [prə'mout] (v) quảng bá
32.recruit (v) tuyển
33.upgrade [ʌp'greid] (v) nâng cấp
34.widen ['waidn] (v) mở rộng → wide (a) rộng
35.book (v) mua vé trước
C .LISTENING
Unit 12 THE ASIAN GAMES
freestyle – Gymnasium - gold medal - competed - coming from –
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Good evening, It’s 10:15 and it’s time for “The Asian Games Report”. It’s the 3
rd
days of the Games
Well, today’s most important event was the women’s 200 metre (1)……………… . The Japanese,
Yuko was first and got the (2)……………… . She made a new world record time of 1 minute 58
seconds. The Japanese athletes won two gold medals yesterday, and three the day before, so in the
first three days they’ve won six gold medals. Here we’re in the (3)………………. . LiLy, the Chinese
gymnast, has just finished her display. She’s got an average of 9.5 points. That’s the best score today!
Lily’s won the gold medal. And this is Lee Bong Ju coming from Korea. This is the second time he
(4) ……………. in the long jump at the Asia games. Last time he jumped 8.5 metres .Today he’s won
a gold medal for men’s long jump. He jumped 8.9 metres.
… Now we’re waiting for the last high jumper, Vichai (5) ………… Thailand. The bar is at 2.30
metres and …. It seems too high for him. Vichai has just jumped! … Ooh, He’s crashed into the bar.
He’s landing. The bar has fallen too. He’s getting up and walking away. But he’s very disappointed
A.READING
1. accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] (v): đệm đàn

2. accomplished (a) [ə'kʌmpli∫t]: có tài, cừ khôi
3. admire (v) [əd'maiə]: ngưỡng mộ
4. avid (a) ['ævid]: khao khát, thèm thuồng
5. collect (v) [kə'lekt]: sưu tập → collection (n) [kə'lek∫n]: bộ sưu tập
→collector (n): người sưu tập
6. discard (v) [di,skɑ:d]: vứt bỏ
7. fish tank (n): bể cá
8. indulge IN (v) [in'dʌldʒ]: say mê
9. modest (a) ['mɔdist]: khiêm tốn
10. occupied (a) ['ɒkjʊpaied]: bận rộn
11. tune (n) [tju:n]: giai điệu
12. broaden (v) ['brɔ:dn]: mở rộng (kiến thức) → broad (a) rộng
13. category (n) ['kætigəri]: loại, hạng, nhóm
14. classify (v) ['klæsifai]: phân loại
15. name tag (n): nhãn ghi tên
16. bygone (a) ['baigɔn]: quá khứ, qua rồi
17. cope WITH (v): đối phó, đương đầu
18. fairy tale (n) ['feəri teil]: chuyện cổ tích
19. gigantic (a) [dʒai'gæntik]: khổng lồ
20. ignorantly (adv) ['ignərəntli]: ngu dốt, dốt nát
21. profitably (adv) ['prɔfittəbli]: có ích
C. LISTENING
Unit 13 HOBBIES
My Hobby
interesting – human achievements - wanted – disease - better equipped
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My hobby is reading. I read story books, magazines, newspapers and any kind of material that I find
(1) ……………… . My hobby got started when I was a little boy. I had always (2)
………………. my parents to read fairy tales and other stories to me. Soon they got fed up with
having to read to me continually. So as soon as I could, I learned to read. I started with simple ABC

books. Soon I could read simple fairy tales and stories. Now I read just about anything that is
available.
Reading enables me to learn about so many things. I learned about how people lived in bygone days. I
learned about the wonders of the world, space travel , (3) ……………………… , gigantic whales,
tiny viruses and other fascinating things .
The wonderful thing about reading is that I do not have to learn things the very hard way. For
example, I do not have to catch a (4) …………………… to know that it can kill me. I know the
danger so I can avoid it. Also I do not have to go deep into the jungle to find out about tigers. I can
read all about it in a book.
Books provide the reader with so many facts and so much information. They have certainly helped me
in my daily life. I am (5) ………………………. to cope with living. Otherwise, I would go about
ignorantly learning things the hard way. So I continue to read. Reading is indeed a good hobby.
Television is one of man’s most important means of communication. It brings pictures and sounds
from around the world into millions of homes. A person with a television set can sit in his house, and
he can watch the present make a speech or visit a foreign country. He can see a war happening and
watch statesmen try to bring about peace. Through television, home viewers can see and learn about
people, places and things in far-away lands. Television also provides more entertainment programmes
than any other kind. The programmes include plays or dramas, light comedies, sporting events and
motion pictures, so television now plays an important role in many people’s lives. It is more
convenient as well as cheaper for people to sit comfortably at home than to go out.
A. READING
1. lift off (v): phóng lên
2. approximately [ə'prɔksimitli] (adv): khoảng chừng (about)
3. orbit ['ɔ:bit] (n): quỹ đạo
4. speed (n) tốc độ
5. cosmonaut ['kɔzmənɔ:t] (n) = astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] (n): phi hành gia, nhà du hành vũ trụ
6. weightlessness (n) : tình trạng không trọng lượng
7. enormous [i'nɔ:məs] (a) to lớn, khổng lồ
8. uncertainty [ʌn'sə:tnti] (n): sự không chắc chắn → uncertain (a)
9. precisely (adv) : một cách chính xác ← preciseness (n) [pri'saisnis]:

10.react (v) phản ứng lại
11.extreme [iks'tri:m] (a): vô cùng, tộ bậc → extremely (adv)
12.temperature ['temprət∫ə] (n): nhiệt độ
13.psychology [sai'kɔlədʒi] (n): tâm lý → psychological [,saikə'lɔdʒikl] (a) : thuộc về tâm lý
14.tension ['ten∫n] (n): sự căng thẳng
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15.technical failure ['teknikl] ['feiljə] (n): sự cố kỹ thuật
16.hero ['hiərou] (n): người anh hung
17.venture ['vent∫ə] (n) : việc mạo hiểm
18.feat [fi:st] (n): chiến công, kỳ công
19.tragic ['trædʒik] (a): bi thảm, bi kịch
20.occurr (v) xảy ra → occurrence (n) [ə'kɜrəns]
21.routine [ru:'ti:n] (a) thường lệ
22.raise [reiz] (v) nêu lên
23.spacecraft ['speis'krɑ:ft] (n) tàu vũ trụ = spaceship (n)
24.honour ['ɔnə] (v) : ca ngợi
C. LISTENING
Unit 15 SPACE CONQUEST

challenged – astronauts - collected soil - launched – efforts
In a speech to the Congress in 1961, the US President Kennedy (1) ……………… the nation to put a
man on the moon before the end of the decade. After the president’s speech, NASA’s Apollo
programme was developed to meet the challenge.
Only July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 was (2) …………… . The astronauts on board of the spacecraft
were Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.
On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man on the moon. He was followed by Aldrin 40
minutes later. To walk on the moon’s surface, the (3) ……………… needed to wear a spacesuit with
a portable life support system. This controlled the oxygen, temperature and pressure inside the
spacesuit.
Armstrong and Aldrin spend a total of two and a half hours on the moon’s surface. They performed a

variety of experiments and (4) ………………… and rock samples to return to Earth. An American
flag was left on the moon’s surface as a reminder of the achievement.
The crew of Apollo 11 returned to Earth on July 24, 1969. They successfully completed their historic
mission. It is regarded as one of the greatest human (5) ………………. in the history of mankind.
A. READING
1. pharaoh ['feərou] (n): Vua Ai Cập cổ
2. tomb [tu:m] (n): ngôi mộ
3. transport ['trænspɔ:t](v): vận chuyển
4. treasure ['treʒə] (n): kho báu
5. base [beis] (n): nền móng
6. burial ['beriəl] (n): sự mai tang ← bury (v) mai táng, chon
7. chamber (n): buồng, phòng
8. circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] (n): tình huống
9. construction [kən'strʌk∫n] (n): công trình; sự xây dựng ← construct (v)
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10.proceed [prə'si:d] (v): tiến hành
11.theory ['θiəri] (n) lý thuyết: giả thuyết
12.propose [prə'pouz](v): đề xuất, đưa ra
13.enclose [in'klouz] (v): dựng tường, rào (xung quanh cái gì)
14.mandarin ['mændərin] (n): vị quan
15.man-made (a): nhân tạo
16.mysterious [mis'tiəriəs] (a): huyền bí, bí ẩn
17.pyramid ['pirəmid] (n): kim tự tháp
18.spiral ['spaiərəl](a): hình xoắn ốc
19.surpass [sə:'pɑ:s] (v): vượt qua, trội hơn 21. wonder (n): kỳ quan
C. LISTENING
Unit 16 : THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
considered – purposes - stretches - magnificence - prefer to - excitement
The Great Wall of China, which is said to be visible from the moon, winds up and down across

deserts, grasslands and mountains of 5 provinces. It is (1) …………… one of the greatest man-
made wonders in the world thanks to its (2) ………………. and significance . In 1987, the Great Wall
was listed as a World Heriatge by UNESCO.
The Great Wall as we see today was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty for defence (3)
……………… It started in 1368 and took 200 years to complete. Some parts of the wall are much
older and go back to around 200 B.C. It (4) …………… for about 6,000 km from east to west .The
wall is about 11 metres high and a stone roadway runs along the top of it .
The Great wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation throughout history. If you (5) ………………. see
the wall in a relatively natural state, you’d better go to the northwest of Beijing. This part of the wall
is the best choice for it is still in its original state. A visit to the Great Wall will certainly bring tourists
great (6) …………………in each step of the wall.
On 4
th
October, 1957 Moscow radio broadcast the news of the tremendous _______________, the
former Soviet Union lauched the world’s first artificial satellite.The Russian word “sputnik”in one
day became an ______________ word. Since that time, the former Soviet Union has __________
many other heavier sputniks and rockets to trail the path of man to the planets and the ________.
The whole world was waiting for the first manned space flight. Few people doubted that it would
happen in the former Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the actual ________ came as a complete surprise.
On 12
th
April 1961 a Soviet pilot, Yuri Gagarin, took mankind’s first step into _______. This
historical event has proved that man reach out and touch the distant stars and _________ the secrets
of the univers ….
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Basically, the formula of “Relative Pronoun” is so simple:
1. Who + verb …………………………………………………………… (it’s for people)
2. Whom + I / you / we /they ………………………………………. (it’s also for people)
3. That or Which + verb or pronoun ……………………………… (it’s for both people and things).

“Which” is also often followed by: “is / was” or “are / were” or “has / had”
4. Where + I / you / we / they ………………………………………. (to refer a place)
5. Whose + possession
Example:
1. The woman who works in that drugstore is my girlfriend.
2. I know a bookstore where you can buy your favorite book.
3. The woman whose daughter is a doctor died yesterday.
4. My uncle, whom you met the other day, has recently written a book on Indian Art.
5. The book that I borrow from you was lost!
II. Put in the relative who, which or whose where necessary. Type an x if the relative pronoun can be left out.
1) This is the boy ………………………. had an accident.
2) Yesterday I saw a car …………………………. was really old.
3) Mandy is the girl ……………………. I met on Friday.
4) I haven't seen Frank, ……………………… brother is five, for a long time now.
5) The robber stole the car …………………… the lady parked in front of the supermarket.
6) This is the man ………………………… house is on fire.
7) Can I talk to the girl …………………. is sitting on the bench?
8) The book …………………… you gave me is great.
9) She likes hamburgers ……………………… are hot.
10) Bill Clinton, ………………………… was President of the USA, has only one daughter.
III, Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. This is the bank ……………………… was robbed yesterday.
I. Choose one of the following relative pronouns who, which or whose from the dropdown menu
1) I talked to the girl …………………………. car had broken down in front of the shop.
2) Mr Richards, ……………………… is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich ………………………. is in East Anglia.
4) This is the girl …………………………. comes from Spain.
5) That's Peter, the boy ………………………… has just arrived at the airport.
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail ………………………… was very interesting.
7) The man, ……………………… father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.

8) The children, …………………………. shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car, ……………………… driver is a young man, is from Ireland.
10) What did you do with the money …………………………. your mother lent you?
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2. A boy ………………………. sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man ……………………. robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask ………………………… made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend ………………………… waited outside in the car.
6. The woman ……………………… gave him the money was young.
7. The bag …………………… contained the money was yellow.
8. The people ……………………. were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man ……………………. mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman ……………… daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car ……………………. the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber ……………… mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man ……………… drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights ……………… were red.
15. A police officer …………………. car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
IV, Test your understanding of relative pronouns with this grammar exercise.
1. Everybody likes boys …………………………………. speak the truth. ( who / whom /
which )
2. He ………………………does his best shall win. ( whom / who / which)
3. I know ………………………………. you mean. ( that/ what / which)
4. I do know the boy …………………………… won the first prize. ( who / which / whom)
5. You must give away ……………………………… you don’t need. ( that / what / which )
6. You get ……………………………… you deserve. ( what / which / that)
7. Where is the book ……………………………… I gave you. ( which / what / which or that)
8. Is this the street ……………………………… leads to the station? ( that / what / that or which )
9. Listen to …………………………………… I say. ( what/ that / which)
10. He ……………………………………. is merciful shall get mercy. ( who / which / who or that

V. Decide whether to use who or which.
1. The people ……………… built Stonehenge lived several thousand years ago.
2. The huge stones ………… are more than 6 metres high weigh about 45 tons.
3. The smaller stones weigh about 4 tons and are from an area in Wales ………………… is 400
kilometres away from Stonehenge.
4. As Stonehenge lies in a large field, tourists ……………… come to this place can already see the
stones from a distance.
5. Everybody …………………. has visited Stonehenge says that it is very impressive.
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VI. Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Use relative pronouns only where necessary. Note
that you have to use commas in some of the sentences.
A holiday in Scotland
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
Last year we ________________________________________________________________________
2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
The
people _____________________________________________________________________________
3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
We
first _______________________________________________________________________________
4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan
Doyle …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake _____________________________________________________________________________
6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
Loch Ness ___________________________________________________________________________
7. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
An old man __________________________________________________________________________
8. We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.

We then _____________________________________________________________________________
9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
The mountain ________________________________________________________________________
10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
The postcard _________________________________________________________________________
VII. Join the following sentences to make one sentence using a relative pronoun when necessary.
11. If the relative pronoun is unnecessary, put it in brackets. You may sometimes have to change the word
order or change 'a' into 'the'.
12. There's the boy. He broke the
window. _____________________________________
13. The film star gave a party. It cost
$10,000. ______________________________________
14. That's the palace. The Queen lives in
it. ______________________________________
15. You met a man at the party. He is a famous film star.  The
man _____________________________________
16. My friend came to the party. He's a
policeman. ______________________________________
17. There are the policemen. They caught the
thief. _____________________________________
18. What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress. -
________ _______________________________
19. I gave her a watch. It stopped after two
days. ________ _______________________________
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20. My car was very expensive. It's a
Mercedes. _________ _______________________________
21. You're reading a book. I wanted to read
it. ______ _______________________________
22. The Red Lion is a pub. We met in it for a

drink. _______________________________
23. There's someone at the door. He wants to speak to George. -
___________________________________________
24. Here are the letters. They arrived this
morning. _______________________________________
25. I met Mr Da Silva. He is President of
Brazil. __________________________________________
26. It's very spicy food. I don't like
it. ___________________________________________
27. That's the house. I was born in
it. ___________________________________________
28. That's the dictionary. Bill gave it to me for
Christmas. ___________________________________________
29. Where is the lady? She ordered
fish. ___________________________________________
30. Those are the cars. They only take unleaded
petrol. ___________________________________________
31. The children went to New York. They speak
English. ___________________________________________
32. Do you know the children? They live in that
house. ___________________________________________
33. Do you like the people. Sarah invited them to her
party. ___________________________________________
34. The clothes come from C&A. They are good
quality. ___________________________________________
VIII. Combine the sentences into one single sentence using relative clauses. Use pronouns instead
of nouns where it sounds
better. There may be more than one possibility.
1 My flat is in an old part of the city. It was built in the 1920s.
___________________________________________________________________________________

2 There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood. I live in the neighbourhood.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3 My neighbour comes from Ecuador. He works on the fruit farms around the city.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4 The neighbour makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5 The traffic is also very noisy. It passes my flat.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6 The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7 In my study there are doors leading to a balcony. The balcony overlooks the street. You can see a long
way in both directions from my balcony.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8 The price of flats in this area has risen a great deal since 1998. I bought my flat in 1998. This means I
could make money if I sold my flat.
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___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9 The government carried out a census. According to the census there are more people moving into the
area. This makes me think that the council should invest more money here.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10 I once wanted to apply for a property grant, so I rang the council and spoke to a woman. She told me
that I should go to the local council offices. I could pick up an application form at the local council offices.
I should fill in the application form and return it as soon as possible.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
IX. Relative clauses gapfill exercise

1. The books, …………… I'd ordered over the internet, took nearly three weeks to arrive.
2. The books …………… I'd ordered from a bookshop arrived the following week.
3. My parents, …………… were born in the north of England, moved to London to find work.
4. The man …………… lives upstairs is always playing music when I'm trying to get to sleep.
5. The building ………… I live in was built in the 1920s.
6. The building …………………. I live was built in the 1920s.
7. The car's making a funny noise again, ……………. means we'll have to get someone to look at it.
8. The employee to ……………… you refer is no longer working for this company.
9. Do you remember the name of the man ………………car you crashed into?
10. Have you any idea ……………… they were arguing about?
11. Have you any idea ………………. they were arguing?
12. The hotel………………… we stayed was very good for the price.
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