vii
i
iii
iv
v
vii
x
xii
DANH M xiii
1
1.1 Tng quan chung v u 1
1.1.1 Nhu cu s dt trong ti Vit Nam 1
n xut, nhu cu s di Vit Nam . 1
3
7
9
11
1.2.1 Mu 11
u 12
12
1.3.1 Nhim v c 12
1.3.2 Gii hn c 12
12
12
13
14
14
17
2.2 17
2.2 17
viii
17
19
20
21
22
22
23
24
2.2 26
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
2.2 32
32
32
33
33
35
-Diesel 38
39
2.4.1 Gii thiu v phn m 39
41
43
-2 44
-2 44
44
-2 47
ix
--2 48
48
52
53
-
-2 54
54
54
54
55
56
4.1 58
58
59
59
4.2 59
4.2 65
65
67
71
4.3 75
4.3.1 75
76
77
79
79
80
81
x
1.
V
h
[cm
3
]
V
c
[cm
3
]
S [mm]
D [mm]
n [v/ph]
i
W
i
[J]
N
i
[kW]
N
e
[kW]
2.
s
()
nl
3
kk
3
3.
A/F
Q
HV
CRDI Common Rail Diesel Injection
xi
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
RNG Re-Normalisation Group -
RSM Reynolds Stress Models
LES Large Eddy Simulation
EVM Eddy Viscovity Models
EDC Eddy-Dissipation-Concept
SLF Steady Laminar Flamelet
ULF Unsteady Laminar Flamelet
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
VEAM
SVEAM
xii
1
5
35
36
-2. 45
60
(f) (). 67
3 -2. 75
xiii
7
8
9
10
fuel
, f
sec
ox
. 18
fuel
, f
sec
sec
18
[12]
23
24
f
,
2
'f
[12]
25
H
4
theo
400K
[21]
34
= 1 34
4
= 1
[22]
36
4
-
= 1
[22]
37
4
T= 393 K, = 1)
[23]
37
2
CH
4
[24]
38
-2 44
[29]
46
-2
[9]
46
-2
[9]
47
-2
[8]
48
xiv
-Diesel
[8]
49
-2
[8]
49
- 50
- 50
-2. 51
51
51
51
51
-2
[8]
. 52
54
-2. 56
57
57
4
RV125-
s
= 20; = 1). 61
RV125-2 (n=2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 61
2
Vikyno RV125-2 (n=2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 62
H
4
Vikyno RV125-2 (n=2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 62
-
-2 (n=2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 63
-
-2 (n = 2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 63
-
CNG-Diesel (n = 2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 64
xv
Vikyno RV125-2 (n = 2200 v/p;
s
=20; = 1). 64
= 1 65
= 1,. 66
s
= 1. 66
2
(n = 2000v/p;
s
= 20
0
). 67
4
(n = 2000v/p;
s
= 20
0
). 68
2000v/p;
s
= 20
0
) 68
v/p;
s
= 20
0
) 69
= 2000 v/p;
s
= 20
0
) 69
-
2000 v/p;
s
= 20
0
) 70
70
-
s
= 350;
s
= 20
0
, = 1) 71
-
s
= 360;
s
= 20
0
, = 1) 72
= 1,
s
= 20
0
). 73
= 1,
s
= 20
0
) 73
i
=1,
s
=20
0
) 74
= 1,
s
= 20
0
) 74
75
76
76
77
1
1
1.1 Tng quan chung v u
1.1.1 Nhu cu s dng t trong ti Vit Nam
:
-
- n.
-
- .
- o
-vv
B)
Bảng 1.1
[1]
trung
12-35HP
12HP
ng
2011
C
32700
207112
275131
776261
202664
153790
2007
C
24380
105180
266098
600000
70289
95.735
1.1.2 n xuhu cu s dng 1 xi lanh ti Vit Nam
xi lanh
2
u
.
, c
:
:
:
,
3
cao
.
Qua
Hin nay, th nh
- Sn phm na.
- Sn phm Trung Quc.
- Sn phm nhp khu t Nhc
Sn phm na ch y ca Tng l
p Vit Nam (VEAM) sn xu.
p Min Nam (SVEAM) i rt nhiu
th h t k mu ca KUBOTA (Nht Bn). Trong s
diesel Vikyno RV125-2 t 12,5 HP.
[29]
Tuy
khi hot
ng, vu k thu
t suu ln.
m tn tu h dng trong
p hin nay.
Hi gi v
ng
tr cn kit ca ngu truyn
thng. Theo d i t n nay, tr
ng du m i c
a. Tt c nh ti s
trin ca np gii.
4
V t ngung sch, tr ng ln,
ng (hoc n ng nh).
Nhng lo ng thay th u diesel :
+ Nh (Compressed Natural
Gas), (Liquefied Natural Gas).
ng LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).
+ Cn Methanol, Ethanol.
+ Du thc vt.
p rt
quan trng. S git xp x 2 t
(1.000 m
3
ng 60% sng dc
gii s
vi sng d
[2]
.
Tr n nay khong 150 t p x vi tr ng
d ha cu
m bc s cung cn ti
4
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, N
2
, CO
2
, Sau khi
2
S, NO
x
, CO
2
, N
2
2
, NO
2
T nhu s du
c thc hin nhiu khu v gi
liu sy vic s d ch
ngung m.
chu hai dng:
5
+ D nhi t cao ar).
+ Dng lng (LNG) nhi -161
0
[2]
Bảng 1.2
[37]
CNG
Diesel
Tr
16
100 105
199
n % trng
C:H:O
75:25:0
86 : 13 : 01
85 : 13 : 01
Tr
3
)
6,5
0,81 0,89
0,69 0,79
(
o
C)
- 182
- 40
- 40 -> -1
Nhi
o
C)
- 162
175 370
40 200
38
o
C)
125
48 104
< 0,1
Nhi
o
K)
2,51
2,0
2,2
nht (mPa.s)
0,01
0,37 0,44
2,6 4,1
Nhit tr thp (MJ/kg)
50
42,5
43,9
Nhi t
o
C)
540
257
280
T s A/F
17,23
14,4
14,7
Ch s octan
130
-
88 100
Nhm bt kp nhng mi ca th gii, gii
quy m th i, gim ti cho ngu
. Gu xung quanh v s
d CNG Vic trin
khai. ,
. i
tn sang ch
- h thng cung c u diesel, thay bng h thng
cung c u CNG, l th
CNG ng bc.
6
- Chuy- CNG, trong
u m ng
CNG.
u ci tin h th u cho
Vikyno RV125-c thc hin. , ch
thu diesel d
-Common Rail Diesel Injection).
[7]
-.
CNG-Diesel l
.
7
Vikyno RV125-2,
-
-Diesel.
FLUENT
-
CNG-Diesel
diesel
1.1.4 u s dng CNG gii
Hi gii vic khai bi d
n t n kinh t o
v t trong nhu quan trng trong th k 21.
c s dm nht ng
k 10.000 xe chy
c New Zealand, Canada, M
n xe Bus cao
c
Hình 1.1 Bi tr u.
[33]
8
phc v cho th vn hi, Trung Qu
11.000 xe ch B
[35]
Trong nh gim thii c
thc trong khu vu chuyi qua s dng
u Diesel trong hong vn t
ng vi nhng la xe CNG mang lm thi
ng, giu.
nh ln ca Mng nhiu d ng cho
vic chuy u l u qu
ng nh h tng phc v cho vi
tri
Theo th a gi
n s d m cung cp
[35]
ng ca s dng
2014 s ng s t gn 30 trin
.
Hình 1.2 _CNG do Hyundai sn xut.
[36]
9
Nhng d ki c rng, trong thi gian ti
s ng gii s .
1.1.5 u s dng CNG ti Vit Nam
--2008. c
k thut cc cung cp CNG mi tric mt s khu vc
ng dng r yc s
d p l c,
ch men Bt s
thc ph-
-DK
-
[38]
Tr ng thCNG Vit Nam d king 2.694 t
m
3
n khong 962 t m
3
ch H, R
i su m
3
[32]
Hình 1.3 Bi d king ca s dng CNG
[35]
.
10
/2011, S n ti TP HCM
d ch" Vit Nam chy b
n B- Bn xe Ch L
Hin nay, T duy nht cung cp
dch v chuy
n t
n tc chuy
ch H phc v cho
n chy bm nng:
Ba trm ti TP.HCM (Trm s 2 Ph m 220 Nguyn Hu
Ct trm ti 449 Nguyn An
Ninh -
Hình 1.4
N /4/2013, d
c sn xuc. S
c -2014 phi sn xu d
phc v hong vn tng c. S GTVT TPHCM
s xu tr d
min thu nhp khu khung g dng s tin
c t tit king do s dng lo GTVT
11
TPHCM s ch c vi T l
trm cung c.
[32]
thy rng tia CNG
trong t ln s n.
K TP. HCM, -
-
).
-
- thay
.
-
,
1.2
1.2.1 Mu
1 xi lanh Vikyno RV125-2 CNG-Diesel.
g
CNG-
Diesel -.
12
1.2u
Vikyno RV125-2,
-Diesel .
1.3
1.3.1 Nhim v c
-xi lanh
- CRDI -
Diesel
-
- -Diesel.
-
.
1.3.2 Gii hn c
-2 -Diesel.
.
-Diesel
1.5
13
:
-
-
:
-2 khi
, ta .
1.6
h
,
c. -
-
V
-2 CNG-diesel
14
t
[6]
:
0
y
)v(
x
)u(
(2.1)
'v'u
y
u
y
1
dx
dU
U
y
u
v
x
u
u
(2.2)
: p = .g.R.T
.
:
:
3
).
u = u(x,y):
v = v(x,y):
U:
15
)
-
- k -
k -
k - Re-Normalisation Group - RNG).
k -
- -
-
-
-
2
- f
- - RSM).
- - LES).
- EVM).
- trong
-
-
(2.3)
ij
i
i
i
i
j
j
i
t
'
j
'
i
x
u
k
3
2
x
u
x
u
uu
16
(2.4)
G
k
i
j
jik
x
u
'u'u.G
(2.5)
G
b
it
t
ib
x
T
Pr
gG
Pr
t
: dtl.
G
i
:
:
Y
M
:
Y
M
= 2
M
t
:
2
t
a
k
M
t
:
2
t
k
C
[6]
:
C
1
= 1,44; C
2
= 1,92; C
= 0,09;
k
= 1,0;
= 1,3
-
S
k
C)GCG(
k
C
xx
)u(
t
)(
SYGG
x
k
xx
)ku(
t
)k(
2
2b3k1
t
ji
i
kMbk
jk
t
ji
i