Tối ưu hóa công suất hệ thống pin mặt trời

LVTN Lời cảm ơn
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI





TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương 



 




























, 



tô













LVTN Lời cảm ơn
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI





   quang   và thay  theo   
 bào và . 





 (MPPT) 
   hóa    
 các  



(MPP). Trong   MPPT


 , 



  và quan sát (P & O)  





(INC) là            ; Tuy nhiên, 




     ,  xung
quanh MPP trong ,  theo dõi 



   


thay  nhanh chóng .
Trong bài báo này,   ra  
      thông minh
   P & O và  Inc. Các    
  Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). , 


    .






LVTN Abstract

GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI



ABSTRACT

The output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays are nonlinear and change with

methods are used to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously
the maximum power point (MPP). Among all MPPT methods existing in the
literature, perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (InC) are the
most commonly used for these simplicity and ease of implementation; however,
they present drawbacks such as slow response speed, oscillation around the MPP in
steady state, and even tracking in wrong way under rapidly changing atmospheric
conditions.
In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated to such a
drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O
and Inc algorithm. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). By the simulation, the validity of the proposed
control algorithm is proved.






LVTN Mục lục
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI



Trang
 i
 ii
 iii
 iv
ABSTRACT v
 vi
 vii
 viii
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH ix
 1
 2
1.1. 







 2
1.1.1. 








 2
 3
1.1.3.  5
1.1.4. 









 8
1.1.5 .  10
 12
 12
 12

 13
 13
2.1.1 






 13
2.1.2 









 14
2.1.3 







. 14
LVTN Mục lục
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI
 18
2.2.1. B 19
 20
2.2.3. Dàn xoay 20

2. 20
2.3.  21
2.4. 











-DC 25
2.4.1. (Buck Converter) 26
2.4.2.  29
2.4.3.  31

34
 34
 34
  36
 37
3.2. 38
 38
 39
 40

  41

 41
 41
 42
 : 42
 44
 46
4.1.6.  : 46
4.1.7. 59
-Sugeno : 61
LVTN Mục lục
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI
 64
 64
  65
 67
 67
 71
 72

 72
5.1. 












/Simulink 72
5.2. 


 75
5.2.1 

&O 75
5.2 78
5.2.3. Ph









 (parasitic capacitance) 80
5.2.4. 








 80

 83
6.1. 

 83
6.2. 







89
 93

 94
7.1. 
















&O trong
Matlab/ Simulink. 94
7.1.1. 



 94
 95
7.2. 

















Matlab/ Simulink. 97
7.2.1. 



 97
 98
7.2.3.  100

LVTN Mục lục
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI
 105
 105
 105
 106
 107

LVTN Danh sách các chữ viết tắt
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI

DANH SÁCH 


NLMT : 





.
MPP (Maximum power point): 










.
MPPT (Maximum power point tracking): .


IncCond (Incremental Conductance): 



.
FLC (fuzzy logic controller

MF: .
NB (negative big): .
NS (negative small) : 

.
ZE (zero): .
PS (positive small): 

.
PB (positive big): .

LVTN Danh sách các bảng
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI



Trang
 5
 2030 6
µ

(y) theo qu 54
 56
 90

LVTN Danh sách các hình
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI

DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH


Trang
 3
 2030 7
 8
 9
 9
 10
  13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 18
 19
 19
 20
  21

 21
 22
 23

 24
 25
 26
LVTN Danh sách các hình
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI
 DC 27
  27
 28
 29
  30
 31
st trong Simulink 31
 34
 35
  35
 36
Hình  36

 37
 38
 39
 39
 42
 43
 44
p thành min 50
 50
 Min 53

 Prod 55
 56
  57
Hìn 58
 58
 Min 58
LVTN Danh sách các hình
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI
 59
 60
 62
Hình  62
 63
 63
 64
 67
 68
 69

song song 69
 71
 72
 73
 74
 
0
C) 74
H 

0
C) 75
 
2
) . 75
 76
 76
 P   78
 79
 81
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
LVTN Danh sách các hình
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

VI

  86
 92
 93
 94
 DC Boost 94
 95
Hì 95
 95
 96
 97

 DC Boost 97
Hình  97
 98
 99

Trong Matlab/ Simulink 100
Hình 7 100
 101
 102
 103
 103
 104




LVTN Lời mở đầu
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

1















 , 






 , 


























 . 











. 














 , 
 1,05% 



 




Nam. [1]

.  , 





 





. 




 

Tuy nhiên, 

 




 
 
 











 












































 

 



 .
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

2



1.1 . 









1.1.1. 














27

4

 g/cm
3

1g/cm
3

 g/cm
3










 


LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

3

Hình 1.1: .[2]






9


 
 
+ PN).
+ P- proton.
 , 



      
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

4
 



8
 


-7
nm (nanomet) 
.


 






 


nó.

 
 









LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

5

.1: . [2]



2
)


Tia x



< 1 nm
0,1 nm

0,2 ÷ 0,28 µm
0,28 ÷ 0,32 µm
0,32 ÷ 0,4 µm
6,978.10
5

6,978.10
7

7,864.10
6

2,122.10
1

8,073.10
1



0,57
1,55
5,90

0,4 ÷ 0,52 µm
0,52 ÷ 0,62 µm
0,62 ÷ 0,78 µm
2,24.10
2

1,827.10
2

2,280.10
2

16,39
13,36
16,68

0,78 ÷1,4 µm
1,4 ÷3 µm
3 ÷100 µm
4,125.10
2
1,836.10
2
2,637.10
1
30,18
13,43
1,93


0,1 ÷10 cm
10 ÷100 cm
1 ÷ 20 cm
6,987.10
-9
6,987.10

-10
6,987.10
-9



1.1.3. 

 








   -
photovoltatic)  , 


, 

trong khi









.
    
 .



LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

6
 006-
BTU. [35]


     
6 (tháng sáu-

LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

7

Hình 1.2: Tt- 2030.
: Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2009.[35]






































 . 











, . 




qu

, 

 -


 (b) 


LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan

GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

8

(c) 





 

 (d) 




1.3: 











. [30]

1.1.4. 













cao, có nhi . 






 kWh/m
2
. 
 










 5
kWh/m
2




 7000 h/. 










































 .  

















4  , 






 , 






















 , 





























.
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

9


Hình 1.4 1. [32]


Hình 1.5.[32]
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

10
1.1.5 . 





 , nhi













1.6: ,P_V . [1]
T- Maximum
power point
  .  
           - Maximum power point
tracking






















      

     (Pertub and Observe): P & O là   
 MPPT        và  . P & O
 khi      

    
P=P
R
Điểm công suất
cưc đại (MPP)
V
I, P
P=0
V
R
V
OC
I
SC
I

R
0
Công suất
Dòng điện
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

11
, luôn  xung quanh MPP 



 trong , 
 theo  nhanh chóng thay  
     














 & 

















, 


















 










 (MPP). 























































, 












.


  (Prasitic Capacitance): 























 















 , 






















, 



























 















 . 






DC/









































 





.










 : 







mpp

oc
. B






















mpp

























oc
, 










 














 -DC


















 . 






















.


p FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller):  Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC)      giáo  Lotfi Zadeh    
 Berkeley  n nó  là 
LVTN Chương 1.Tổng quan
GVHD: TS. Nguyễn Thanh Phương HVTH: Lê Ngọc Phương Bình

12
     . 





   logic   là . Nó  

  duy
















. 
  các  vào không chính xác, kh  toán  chính
xác, và  . Ngày nay,    
các ngành     và .















 
.












 chúng tôi  “ Tối ưu hóa
công suất hệ thống pin mặt trời”.

- -V, P-
.
- 
ng.

- .
- 
- .
-    
.
- .
- 











 ng
P&O.







































 & O.