Nghiên cứu đa dạng của các loài nấm hương lentinula edodes ở sapa, lentinula CF lateritia ở langbiang, đà lạt và lentinula sp mới tìm thấy ở cát tiên, việt nam

Talt t:hi {.|i)ng trgh€,\'inh ltoc S(l): S7-10i.2010

NGTI$N c[Iu EA DANG c{JA cAC LoAI ruA,ryt HU'{}NG LENT\NTLA ED7DES o sA
PA, I,ENTIN{]LA CF. LAT'EMTTA O LAN'GBIANC, DA LAT YA TUUTNVULA
SP. Ilil}l
rint .rHAy o cAr TIEN, vIET F{AM
Xuin Thdml, NguyEn-LG Quiic Flirng', Truong
Tru'o'ng Binh Nguy6na, DioTh! Luong5
LO

lth! Hdng2, Hoing Thi Hoan2, phgm Nggc Du,trng3,

'.So Kl,oo hoc vd Cong nghd Lattt Dong
'Tnrcrttg Dai hoc Ed Lut
l.Vtrin
Qudt gia Cdt Tien. Dotrg Nui
".1/ic;tt
Sinlt hoc Tay Nguyen, Da Lat

'Dai hoc Qu6c gia Hd

N1.i

TOM TAT
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler d5 duoc khao cri'u ph6n loai tir hon 130 ndm qua
v6i c4c b6 suu t6p m5u
*ng nrii Ba Vi boi Balansa, vd luu git 0 paris vd
gdn day duoc b6 sung nhi€u chirng m6i, bin d,ia o citc r],rg
Bic vi6t Nam, gi6p v6i Narn Trung eu6c.
"ti;";,ih?, tich so srinfvJ"a. ja. i.o,rg hinh
M6t so chung nim hucrng nhap tir:Nhat Ban, Tmng Qudc Ea o"q.

t16i
vd pirin tLr' ciic chung n6m huong b6n dia thu thafo vung nrii iao'Bing, su eu
iei" vi-ei Nulr;prran h6a t6ch
bi6t 16 rdng voi citc
thring nhap-hr Tl*1. o.n5 Truong. Sa, van Nam (Trung eu6c) va tu rottoii lNnat B6n) nhfrng chiing DOng A, d.4ng 0n doi dien hinh crha n6m hu.h,ing urong aong 16 rgt v6i
c6c nh6m DOng Nam A - cac dang n6m huong nhiQt doi, dac bi6t gin gfii v6i
cac ila; nJr,ang Lentinula
lateritia vd L. noyaezelandieae, dua.tr6n so s6nh trinh tu ving D',rJIfJ.,iu rDNA.
M6i day, O Nam Vi€t
Nam, lAn dAu ti6n cric chung, lodi n6m hucrng khdc nhu Letttiittla cf. lateritia
vit Leitinrtlasp. di duoc ph6t
hiQn tr€n
T.ne_lti Langbiang'(1ii00 - 2000 m alt.), Thdnh phd Dd iat, Cao nguydn ram Eo'ng vd tai Vucrn
Qu6c gia c6t Ti6n (600 -1.50 m alt.), r.ing thdp thu6c tinh b6ng Nai, tne nien'tinn n,"rg oorg'"u",oiILa*
,:9, chudn Lentin"ula
P:ryl1' Yt nhEn (thit ndm mong), boryana.. Chirng cing mulng c6c ddc tru.ng nguyen"thiiy c ia Lentinttla,
tan nam hdu nhu
cudng hodc cing nhin,. thon ho{c chi c6iong m!n, chti kh6ng c6 l6ng
vdy thd vd c6 lE ld nhfrng dai di6n cria nh6m khdi thiry cira cd n6m huong Cuu
rn6 gi"6i ,a ra, rrre gidi, md hi
"nhu
d,6 L. edodes, L. noyaezelatdieue. L. rapha:i.ca vd. L. acicttlospora
da pttnt sinn
nliirng dang ph6n h6a
trong chi Lentittula- Thuc td, o Cuu Th€ gioi Lentinula edoctei bicn dong trong
m6t dei r6"ng, su ph6n h6a
rDNA vd hinh th6i cAu truc, lan toa chong_ldn voi L. lateritia vd L. novaezelanclieae nhu
nhirng ;;d;;;a;
ti6p- viQt ph6t hi€n n6m huong nguy€n tit

4; lareritia va Letiittula.sp. d Nam vi€t Nam le bing chimg m6i
vd quan h0 truc ti6p gifta cac oong pna, irou *u.ri,, huong.cr,ru rrretioi vd ran
The gi6i, vd cfing cho th6y
virng D6ng Nam.A t1 y: A co ttrc ta trung tdm nguo, g'0"'cia Letitinula. vung nnlct
doi - c6n nhi6t doi
_
E6ng Nam A - uc c6 thc le t6m di6m da da:ng sintihoc Liu nA* r,""ng ,a lilt3*;;;;^*
;;, ;ffi'il;
Lentinula c6 d0 tuong d6ng vd tuong hqp
tiet.gi"
r"ai.fr"ar,^mffi il.#oirg 0n d6i cira
"uo,_"ua.a+c
"7i
nAm hucrng - Lentinula edodes phdn ly m4nh khip vung G - A, nhit id
nhonu6i trong llrf, r'c vd lai tao

thuc, nhu lodi chu6n Lentinus tonkinensis Pat-, thu inap o

g1ong.

Tii khda: Ching loqi phdt sinh,
ITS vd D

ndtn hrong Vi6t Nam - Shiitake - Lentinula, IDNA, trinh tu.nucleotide

MO DAIJ

Khi nghi6n cuu m6

ti

ndmhuong cta Vi6t Nam,

v6i c6c bd mdu do nhd nghiEn cru nguoi ph6p
Balansa thu dugc 6.nrii Ba vi (1887 - lg8gi,
Patouillard (1928) dO nChi lodi m6i: Lentinus
tonkinensis Pat., sau ndy Pegler (1915) di xric dinh
vd chinh lj. chinh xdc: Lentinula edocles (Berk.)
Pegl.,

pht hqp v6i

c6c d6n lidu nguydn b6n. Vi€c xric

irng

lpp chi Lentinula Earle (1909) duoc pegler (19g3),
Mata vd Petersen (2000, 2001) hodn chinh v6i dAy
dir ddn liQu hinh thrii vd sinh hoc ph6n tri cho 3 lodi
vung Cuu Th6 gi6i: Lentinula edoies (Berk.) pegler,

Lerrtinula lateritia (Berk.) pegler,

Lentiru,tla
nov.aezelandieae (Stev.) pegler, vd 3 lodi vilng T6n
ThC gi6i: Lentinula boryana (Berk.

Lentinttla aciculospora Mata

&

& Mont.) pigler,

R.H.

petersen,

Lentinula raphanica (Murr.) Mata & R.H. petersen.
B7


L6
Quan dicm co bin cua Pegicr (1915, 19it3) v0
vi6c x6c iAp c6c lodi trdn cho chi Lentinula Earle li
ddc tnmg hq soi tlon nh6t - c6 16 chi trong rno thit vd
trama, dugc hAng loat c6ng trinh.v0 md t6trao, v6 hQ
isozymes vd nhAt ld phin h6a cAu truc DNA (trong
nhAn vir ty the) x6c nh4n (Royse et al., 1987, 1993;
Arima, Morinaga, 1993; Fukuda, Tokimoto, 1991
Fukumasa-Nakai et al., 1994; Chiu et al., 7994,
Kulkami, 199i,...). Vi6c t6ch bi6t v6'i chi l.entirtus
Fr. ld 16 rdng (Hibbett, 1991 1992;2001...).

Nghi6n cfu cta Trinh Tam kiet (1981; 2001)
cho th6y chi ghi nhin m6t lodi o Viqt Nam:
Lentinula edodes, (Berk.) Pegl. voi nim hucrng c6c
ving n[i cao Bdc ViQt Nam gi5p gi6i vdi Trung

nh6t ld vdng Cao Bing, *rg aa chl ra inQt s6
phan h6a dqc bi6t: bao chung d4ng b6t d6 tan

UiCn, nC soi kh6ng thuAn nh6t. Sau ndy chirng t6i
Qui5"c,

,it

ctng nh6n m4nh c6 nhi6u d[c di6m phAn h6a.gAn voi
lodi Lentinula lateritia hon ld L. edodes vd d0 nghi ld
m6t thir dia lj'mdi (LC XuAn Th5m, 2000; L6 Xu6n
Thdrn, Hibett. 2002).

Trong c6ng trinh niry, chirng t6i ph6n tich chirng
n6m huong Sa Pa sAu vA rrint th6i vd ph6n t[r, so
s6nh v6i c6c chring lodi m6i ph6t hi€n d Nam ViQt
Nam ti6n mQt bu6c vO quan hQ chirng loai ph6t sinh
vd vtng ngrr6n g6c cfia chi Lentinula.

Xr.rAn

'l-h|nt et al.

D6ng o cl6 cao gAn 2000 m. 'lrong dot kldo s6t giira

mia mua (5

-

10i2008) vd

diu nlrn

(4/2009) tai

hry6n Th6c Trcri, Nam C6t Ti6n thu dugc m1u cta
mQt lodi rAt gi6ng v6i lodi chudn Lentinulo boryana,
cdang dugc luu giir tai 86o tdng Ndm, Vuox Qu6c gia
C6t Ti6n vd Khoa Sinh hoc, Truong Dai hoc Dd Lat.
Todn bo,r,at hAu.gi6ng nri* 96, duoc bdo t6n tqi
Bdo tdng gi6ng clnrdn - VT'CC thu6c Vi€n Vi sinh vdt
vd C6ng nghQ sinh hoc - Dqti hoc Qu6c Gia Hd NCti.

Phin tich hinh th6i
C6c

miu vAt

sau

kli

phAn tich, chup 6nh dugc

dinh loai tr6n co sd c6c tu li€u cria: Pegler (1915,
1983), Singer (1986), Hibbett (1992, 1998, 2001),
Hibbett vd Donoghue (1996), Trinh Tam KiCt (1981,
2001), Mata, Petersen (2000, 2001), ket hqp tra cuu
vd so s6nl tr€n internet.
Ph6n l3p giiing n6m

PGA (Potato Glucose Agar) c6i ti6n ld m6i

trucrng t6ch gi6ng thuAn khi6t vd kh6o s6t h6 soi tr6n

m6i truong thach c6 thdnh.phin cho 1 I m6i trucrng:
.l
.nn ^ 1-L^^: tA.. lrvw ^ ws -Af r c aon+nna
zUU E rurv@r ruJ, An 5 ^A rv!, 1 6 Peyrvarv,

n ai4 ,lA

i5 g glucose, 15 g agar.
tAy, ci r6t duoc got v6 vit giit.d6 duoc rua
Khoai
0,5 g KII2POq,0;5g MgSOa,

sach dun s6i khoAng 15-20 phirt, loc lAy nu6c chi6t,

NGUYEN LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP
Chiing ndm huong
B6y chirng n6m huong. thu6c chi Lentinula: (1)
Chirng n6m huong Sa Pa (SP\N) ngu6n g6c hoang
dpi, dugc thu th4p tqi huyQn Sa Pa khi mqc rd vdLo
nhimg th6ng mria il6ng (3/2008) gi6lanh ('Z".C), do
nguoi dAn bdn dia thu h5i trong rung cung cAp. (2)
Citrng n6m huong Lentinula eiodes (D) ngu6n g6c
tu ViQn N6m Tottori, Nhat BAn, do PGS. TS. Pham
Thdnh UO (pai hqc Qu6c Gia thdnh pnO Ua Cni

(3) Chirng n6m hucrng T,170 cfrng
Minh)
"rng "6p.

c6 ngu6n g6c tu Nhtt B6n, dugc nu6i tr6ng nhi6u
ndm-t4i Oa I-at. ( ) Chring n6m hucrng thdnh ph6
Trucrng Sa, Trung QuOc (TSTQ) do 6ng Btri Quang
Trung, C6ng ty Sinh hoc C6ng Thdnh, Long Kh6nh
c6p. (5) Chtrng n6m huong Vdn Nam Trung
"urrg (VNTQ) do PGS. TS. LC XuAn Th6m suu tpp.
Qu6c
1O; Ctrung n6m hucrng nguy6n g6c nrii Langbiang,
Dd L4t thuQc Lentinula edodes do TS. Trucrng Binh
Nguyen snu tpp. (7) Mot chirng thuQc loii Lentinula
ta-teitia (L) hoang dai ttugc tt u tnap t4i virng Bic
C6t Ti6n (C6t L6c, Bi Sa) vd niri Langbiang Ldm
88

bo x6c be. M6i truorg PGA dugc hap khlt tring.o
121"C,1 aJm trong 30 phrit. M6i trucrng cAy chuy6n
gi6ng c6p hai vd kh6o s6t hq sgi tr6n m6i trucrng h4t:
1000 g gpo lirc, 600 - 700 ml nu6c, 0,5 g CaCO3.
Gao lirc duoc ndu chin r6i tr6n v6i CaCO3 cho vdo
6ng nghiQm vd hAp khu trung 6 120"C,1 atm trong
60 phtt.
Nu6i trdng ra qui th6

Miri cua li nguy6n liQu chinh duoc b6 . sung
l}%Jcdm gao, l\Yo ia^alp,5%b}t b6nh diu vd
l%o CaCOt vd nu6c, tr6n d6u AC AO am dat 60-70%.
Sau d6 I kg co ch6t dugc cho viro bich vd hap khir
trung 120 phtt d 121"C,.1 atm vi ti6p tuc h6p khir
t*ng tA, i sau 24 h. Gi6ng dugc c6y tu m6i trudng
hat sang m6i trucrng mirn cua trong phdng s4ch, kin,

du6i nggn lira ddn cO.n, ir 6 18 - 25"C, kh6ng cAn 6nh
s6ng. Sau khi sqi'nAm lan h6t bich mun cua, bich
nylon dugc l6t bo vd cho ra nhd tr6ng ndm 0 nhiCt d0
thich hqp 15 - 2O"C v6i tl6 Am kh6ng khi 8q - 9_0:%,
kin gi6, bich gi6ng tluoc tl{t tr6n kQ theo chi6u thdng
dimg. C6c chirng.nAm huthir tU: Thu h6i nAm ngodi tU nhi6n; PhAn 16p gi6ng


Tayt c:hi Cr)ng nghe

Sinh hoc: 8( I ): 87-

I0

1

, 20 I 0

thuAn khi6t tr€n mdi trudng PGA crii ti6n; KhAo sdt
t6c C16 lan to tr6n rn6i tri,rong hat; Khio sdt t6c c16 lan
try trdn m6i trucrng min cr-ra; Khiio s6t qu6 trinh ra
quri th6.

Tfctr chi6t DfqA
H0 soi ndm duoc nu6i l0 ngdy trong m6i trudng
PG long cdi ti6n (g/l: 15 g glucose, 1 g peptone, 200
g khoai rAy, 100 g cd r6t, 100 g gi6 46.1 O ZS,C. t\lau

ducrc lAty 2 vdng que cdy, nghiCn trong 6ng

Eppendorf 1,5 ml v6 trung v6i 400 pl d6m ph6 t0
bio Triton-Xl00. Sau d6 duoc b6 sung 0,3 g hat
th[ry tinh,

lic

rung d6u, b6 sung 400 Lrl PCI ((Phenol-

chloroform-isoamylalcohol

-

25:24:1)), l6c rung dAu

Phdn irng khudch clai DNA: 96"C1\'. 25x
(96'C|10";,50'C/5", 6.0"C|4').,Sau khi phdn ung k6t
th[rc, miu duoc chuy6n sang 6ng Eppendof 1,j d,
th6m 5 pl 1,25 M EDTA vd 60 pl 100% ethanol, rr6n
that nhe nhdng, ae O nniet d6 phong 15 phtt. Sau khi
ly tAm 15.000 rpm 15 phirt, d6 b6 dich phia tr6n, tria
duoc nia bing 100 '{110% ethanol. Sau khi ly tAm
15.000 rpm 10 phrit. MAu duoc ldm kh6 blng m6y c6
quay chAn khdng trorg 3 - 5 phLit.
Dgc trinh tg DNA

Trinh tu cua ITS vd DllD2 265 rDNA cua c6c
chring nAm duoc doc truc ti6p tr6n m6y doc trinh tu
tu d6ng 3100 Avant. Sau d6, k6t qui trinh tu duoc so
s6nh v6i c6c trinh tu c[ra c6c lodi dI duoc xiic dinh
trong GenBank.

2-3 phrit. Sau khi ly tAm 15 phirt v6i 15.000 rpm,
dich ndi duoc b6 sung 200 irl TE, trdn nhanir, b6
sung 30 pl proteinase (3 mg/ml), d6o rl6u. H6n hqp
duoc ri 15 - 30 phirt 6 56"C, bd sung 50 trrl RNase A
(i mg/ml), d6o dAu. Sau khi ir 30 phrit 6 37"C, h6n
hqp duoc bd sung lx PCI, trQn ddiu, ly t6m 15 phit
v6i 15.000 rpm. Dich n6i phia tr6n duoc nhic lai 2
,: :.
lln nta va dich noi cu6i cttng duoc bO sung 2x
isopropanol d6 lantr. Tira duoJ 16y ra bing pipet
Pasteur, rua sach bing ethanol 10%. Tta duoc lim
kh6 5 - 10 phrit trong khdng khi, hda tan trong 30 50 pl nu6'c vd bAo qu6n o -20"C.

Nghi6n cri"u sg phin h6a sinh ilia hgc cfra nAm
huong Lentinala

Khu6ch ttai ITS

Ndm huong Lentinula edodes Sa Pa

vdr

D1/D2

PCR duoc ti6n hdnh nhim khu6ch dai vr)ng ITS
DllD2 265 cua rDNA v1i cfrc thdnh phdn vd
ty 16 sau: 10 pl 10x d6m, 16 pl h6n hqp dNTP,2 p1
m6i ITSI, 2 pl mdi NL4, 1,2 pl Taqr'",2 pl DNA
(-50-100 ng), nudc c6t d6n 100 pl. Phin r.ing pCR:

94"C/1'; 35x (94145", 53145', 72145'); 7217'. l;irdi
xuol
ITSl:
5',vA doan

GTCGTAACAAGGTTTCCGTAGGTG -3" NLl:
5'- GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG -3"
ITS4: 5'- TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC -3', vd
m6i nguoc NL4: S'-GGT CCG TGT TTC AAG
ACG G-3'. S6n phAm PCR dugc ki6m tra bing di6n
di vi nhuQm bing dung dich ethidium bromidelodng
vi soi b[ng m6y soi gel, sau tl6 s6n ph6m PCR cluoc
tinh sach theo kit QIAgen (Dric).
PCR tlgc trinh

ty

C6c s6n phAm PCR tinh sach duoc khu6ch dai
v6i b6 kit ABI PRISM Cycle sequencing vd rtQm 5x
sequence (Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystem) v6i h6n
hqp ph6n ring g6m: Terminator ready reaction mix: 8

pl mSu DNA sau PCR: 200 ng/ml. VtOi:
c6t dir d6n 20 pl.

t

pl. Nu6c

. CAy.ph6t sinl chring loai dugc x6y dtmg su dung

phAn m6m ClustalX 1.83. K6t hqp v6i pnan toul
truy6n th6ng, c6c m6i quan hC phrit iinh ti6n h6a cira
c5c taxon duoc thAm dinh vd drinh giri.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

NAm huong thu h6i t.u nhi6n trong c6c virng rung
s6i, de o Sa Pa, Ldo Cai. Ndm hucrng Sa pa ld chring
dialirdt dpc sic cua Bic Vi6t Nam. Huong rAt thom

.

(n[ng mii), th€ qud tuy hoi nh6, m6ng, nu6i trdng
v6i n6m hurmg Trung

kh6. canh tranh vd ndng suAt so

Qu6c hay Nh4t Bin, song r6t duoc ua chu6ng trong
ti€u thu 6 Viet Nam. V€ hini th6i c6u trirc gi6i phSu

the qua chirng ndy kh6 g6, vdi n6rn hucrng
Langbiang, Dd Lat, Ldm Ddng L. edodes vit L.
lateritia.

Tru6c kia c\c titc gid Vi6t Nam chi ghi nh6n m6t
lodi thuQc chi Lentinulq o ViQt Nam, mdc nhi6n x6c
dinh n6m huong Sa Pa v6i danh phSp citld Lentinus
edodes (B"r\.) Sing.,.vdi mQt sri n6t phri hqrp voi
nhirng dac cli€m rlAi th6. Cho dr5n nuy,

*4"

nhi6n thta

nlan phd bi6n, chi ki6m tra chinh lj'lai t6n gqi khi xrip
sang ho Tricholomataceae (Trinh Tam Ki€t, 2001).
C6c chring n6m hucrng ngoai nh0p dang duoc nu6i
trdng rOng rdi 6 Vi6t Nam ld L. edodes, c6 ngudn g6c
tu Trung Qu6c, NhOt Bin, Hoa Kj',... N6m huong Sa
Pa hdu nhu chi dugc thu h5i t.u nhi€n hodc nu6i h6ng
qudng canh trdn 96 theo kiiSu cO AiCn dC tieu dtng tal
ch6, hi0u qui kinh tti th6p (n6m nh6, m6ng, ndng su6t


I

thil'

kicm drnh phin loai. Killi
nang 15n i6n nAm huong Sa Pa voi chc ch[rng thu6c Z.
edodes (co th6 c6 ca chirng ban clia cta ViQt Nau)
trong thuc te ld rAt lcrn. Trong.nhfrng nghi6n criu so
b6, chirng t6i t5n d6ng voi y kiOn cua Trinh Tam Ki6t
QOAIy vd chinh li danh phSp cho phn hqp vdi h0
th6ng cira Pegler v6 t6n ggi l.entinula edodes (Berk.)
Pegler (LC XuAn Th6m, 2000). C6 lE Pegler (1983)
khi nr6 ld L. etlodes voi m6u v6t nhAn duoc tu Vi0t
Nam di kh6ng xem x6t d6n cdc suu t6p c6c quAn thd
nAm hucrng tu ntri6n cr Sa Pa (thuc t€ 6ng chi kiOm tra
tirAp), cho n6n kh6ng

ciic mAu vAt do Balansa thu duoc

ti

1211887, 5/1888 d

virng nfii Ba Vi, vdi c6c b6n v6 vd m6 td crja
Patouillard cho ddy ld mQt lodi rndi: Lentinu.s
tonkinensis Pat., vd di6u ndy d5 duoc chinh Pegler
chinh li dfng). Trong khi do, Lentinula edodes (Berk.)
Pegler thqc t6 d ViCt Nam l4i kh6 da d4ng. Theo c6c
tdi li6u gdn d6y, thi n6m huong Sa Pa (thu dqt
312008), t6 ra kh5 gan vC hinh th6i voi L. lateritia, Laciculospora (Mata, Petersen, 2000) vd cd v6i lodi
chuAn Z. botyana (Mata, Petersen, 2001) o chAu M!
theo nhi6u rlSc di6m sau (Hinh 1).
Thti qud nh6, cu6ng mdnh: ddi 2,5 -.7 ,5 (8,5) cm,
ducmg kinh 0,4 - 0,9 (1,2) cm, mdu trdng, phri l6ng
min - kI5 nhin, hiu nhu k$6ng c6 16ng th6 thdnh
vdy (cu6ng ndm Lentinula edodes mfp tron, mdu n6u
x6m - ndu nhat). N6m thucmg mgc thdnh cpm ddy
ddc tu (3)5 - 9(>10) t6n lnn nh6. T6n nAm khi non
dang birp trdn mgp, c6 bao chung d4ng sgi, khi 16n
xoe phing dAn ra, chinh giira d6i khi hoi l6m *1619.
M6p mt ndm r6ch ra d6 lai nhfrng sgi nhu 16ng tr6n
cu6ng vd m6p t6n. T6n n6m m6ng (0,5 - 1,2 cm), mit
tr€n mdru ndu x6m nh4t (kh6c biet r5 so v6i Z.
lateritia mhu ndu d6 - d6 n?n; L. edodes mdu ndu ndu hung), hAu nhu nhin, c6 d6u vi5t bao chung dang
trdn vdy ft6ng v6i vAy 16ng min, thua, th6y 16 tr€n

dnh (trong khi 2 lodi trdn c6 mdt tr6n t6n n6m phit

diy vriLy tho day 16m'd6m tring, mdu n6u sdm). Thlt
n6m kh6 m6ng (2,5 - 4,0 mm), m6ng dAn vO phia

m6p, phiSn n6m mdu tring, dinh

- hoi men theo

Cu6ng nAm thon, mdnh, ddi (3 - 6 cm), mdu
Cic ddc di6m ndy r6t kh5c v6i
L. edodes virng D6ng Avd L. novaezealandieae.

"u6ng.
trilng, ddy 16ng min.

H0 sqi ki6u dcm nh6t, g6m circbo sqi kh5 thing,
c6 v6ch ngdn vir c6 kh6a, ducrng kinh sgi biiSn ddng
2,2 - 5,5 pm, v6ch khil m6ng, kong su6t, r6t kh6
phdn biQt voi cdc lodi kh6c. DSng chri i'ld theo Trfnh
Tam KiQt thi lai ld he sqi lu0ng d4ng, tuc ld dqc
tnmg cria chi Lentinus Singer, do d6 cAn phii dugc
90

e XLran-lhiinr

rl

o/.

ilr-r011

,t-.,

luon on

d1r1lr.

Danr bdo hinh chiy, kh6ng mdu, thudng cri
mdng khd ddy, kich thucvc : 18 - 28 x 6,0 - 7,0 pLm.
PhAn clAu phinh tron (cd 6,5 - 7,5 prn), thu6n ddn vA
piria clLroi (cd 4,5 - 5,0 pm). Chen lin c6c ddrn bdo
chudn ld c6c li0t bdo, gi6ng cdc ddrn song phAn d6u
t6p 1ai thdnh hinh thoi (thuc chAt d6 ld c6c dim bAo
d! dang ho{c ph6t tri6n kh6ng hoin chinh, vd do d6
kh6ng tao n6n c6c bdo tir ddm). Bdo tu d6m hinh
thdnh ki6u b6 tu cuc, vC hirrl, th6i ki6u hat dAu - hinh
thqn, hoi thon m6t dAu c6 mOt m6u dinh nh6, rAt
gi6ng r,6i c6c lodi Lentinula kh6c, song c6 kich
thudc nho hrm c6 trong s6 c6c lodi dd bi6t: 4,5 - 5 x
2,5 - 3,5 pm (luu y ring L. novaezealandieae c6 bdo
tu hinh trg keo ddi kh6c bi6t 16 rQt).
N6m huong Sa Pa vd n6m huong Cao Bing r6t
gi6ng nhau, chi kh6c nhau 6 dic di6m nAm huCao Bing khi non c6 bao chung d4ng bQt (LC Xudn
Th6m. 2000).

E6ng luu j, nhAt ld ngodi nhirng sai bi6t hinh th6i
the hiCn nhu mQt chung tlia li dac biqt,.thi gdn day V6

Th! Phucrng.Khanh, Pham Thdnh Ii6 (i99& i999)

phAt hiCn thAy c6 nhtng dic di6rn m6i trong nghidn
cuu lai tao nAm hucrng. Cdc tAc gid lai dcrn bdo tu
nAm huong Cao Bing vdi chirng L-170 vd vdi chtng
D2 cua Nhat Ben (hai chring ngoai nhQp ndy d€u
thuQc vd dong D6ng A thu6c lodi L. edodes.), thl
duoc c5c dong lai hAu h€t bdt thu: qui th6 hinh
thdnh song kh6ng hodc chi t4o dugc cr,rc ki it bdo tu
dAm. Ph6t hi€n cua nhi6u t6c gid Nhbt gin vd kla
ndng hftu thu vd lai dugc giita cdc chtng 6 vung chAu
A - Nam Thei Binh Ducrng (Kimura, 1968; }do/r et

li

al.,

1972, 1974; Mata, Petersen, 2000; Tokimoto,
Fukuda, 1973). HAu h€t cec nghi€n ciru vd kh6 ndng
bit cap cho d6n nay ddu phn hqp v6i Shimomura vd
d6ng t6c gi| 0992) dd ph6t hiQn th6y muc tuong hqp

cao gita c6c chring Nh4t B6n, Thailand, Borneo,
Nepal, Papua New Guinea, vd New Zealand. Citc
chtng md Shimomura vd tl6ng tirc gih (1992) <16 kh6o
cuu, d4i diQn cho toin bd 3 lodi hinh th6i theo Pegler
thuQc Lentinula vingA - Uc. Bdi vQy, trdn co sd ti6u
chi bdt cdp lai,c5c chirng,.m6t sO nla n6m hgc hi6n
nay cho rdng tdt c6 c6c qudn th6 lodi thttQc Lentinula
vung A - Uc rl€u ld Lentinula edodes (Fukada et al.,
te9+;. Oieu ndy cfrng c6 y nghia khi md mqi c6 ging
lai Lentinula boryana tu Mexico vli Lentinula

edodes d€u kh6ng thdnh c6ng (Guzmiin et al., 1997;
Mata, Guzm6n, 1989a; b).


Tap ch[ C6ng ngh€ Sinh hoc

8(l): 87-101,2010

Hinh 1. A. N6m huong Sa Pa Lentinula edodes'. Thu h6i t\r nhien; B. MEu shiitake L. edodes thu d Bdc C5t Ti6n, L6m
D6ng; C. Th6 qud Lentinula cf . lateitia trdn dinh Langbiang (-2000 m) Dd Lqt - L6m D6ng; D. Lentinula sp. lAn dAu ti6n ph6t
hien d Cdt Ti6n, D6ng Nai (-112 kich thudc thr,rc).

Phin tich trinh tq virng D1/D2
C6c d6n liQu phdn tich DNA cho phdp chirng ta
sAu hcm vO quan hQ di truydn vd chring lopi ph5t
sinh cta c6c nh6m nAm huong (Hinh 2; 3).

di

Trinh t1r chu6i nucleotide 265 rDNA DllD2 6
3 chring VNTQ, TSTQ vd D2 c6 tlQ tuong d6ng

cao toi 100% (518/518), mirc phAn h6a gita c5c
chring ndy nh6. VC hinh thdi, circ chirng ndy cflng
khri gi6ng nhau (lcrp thit ddy, c6 nhi6u i6ng v6y vd
c6 mti thom huong), n6n chirng c6 thri thuAn nh6t
trong m6t lodi Lentinula edodes, hiQn dugc nudi
tr6ng rdt ph6 bi6n d chAu A vd mQt s6 vdng khrlc

trdn th6 gi6i. Ri6ng Trung Qu6c rl5 dat tdi

s6n

9t


Le Xuin.Ttrirm et al.

lugng dfng dAu v6i gdn 3 tri6u t6nlndm (Chang,
200s).

'frinh tg nt DllD2 c[ra chirng SP\rN vd VNTQ
c6 dQ tucrng d6ng tuolg d5i cao -98,9o/o (5241530
bp), c6 4 vi tri nt kh6c nhau, mirc phdn h6a gifta 2
.t tng nay kh6 nh6, mric d0.d6ng nhdt kh6 cao. Hai
chring ndy l4i kh6c nhau v6 mat hinh th6i. Chirrlg
SP\'N c6 kich thu6c nho, loir thit n6m m6ng, nhin,
cu6ng thon, trong khi chirng \rNTQ c6 ltrp thit nam
aay, itrieu v6y l6ng va cudng n6m. m4p. R6 rdng vd
hinh th6i chirng kh5c biqt nhau nhi6u, tuy nhi€n muc
bi6n dQng 6 ving DllD2 chi khodng 1,1% nhu v4y
chimg t6 ring chirng SPVN vi chung VNTQ c6 tinh
t,ror[ AO"g tso s6nh trinh tu 6 vtrng D chi 6p dqng cr mfrc phAn
h6a trong chi vi tinh d6ng nh6t trong chi, vi vQy ta
c6 ttr6 t6t luAn chirng hucrng SP\'N vd chirng huo1lg
VNTQ c6 quan ne gAn gfri v?i nhau vd m[t di truydn'

Trinh t.u nt DllD2 cia chung SPVN vd I'
lateritia (AF 261562) c6 d0 tumg d6ng 100%.

Chirng c6 nhi6u n6t tuong dong nhau vi: m{t hinh
thSi: iop thit m6ng, nhin, cu6ng thon, nhung l'
lateritia lai kh6ng c6 huong thcnn d[c trung, trong
khi d6 chtrng Sa Pa lai c6 huong thcrm rAt dAm'
Chirng c6 thii-c6 quan hC gAn gti ,&i ,hu, vC m4t di
truydn vd hinh th6i.

Trinh tU rfi DllDZ cira chirng S.PVN ,vd L'
novaezelandieae clng co d6 tufilg d6ng rAt cao:
m6t
-gg,5yo (565/568 bp, 2 nucleotide khric nhau vd
phAn h6a.r6t
vi tri k*rdng x5c dinh dugc), mrig dQ
nh6 (-0,5%). Chfng cflng c6 nhi6u n6t tucrng d6ng

vA t int,

thfi, chi

kh6c nhau

6 di€m chtng SP\N

cu6ng thon, 16ng min trong

khi d6 lodi

L.

novaezelandieae c6 nhi0u lcrp l6ng vAy th6 vd cfrng

khdng c6 huong thorn. Nhu v4y, c6 th6 nhdn dinh
ring c6 m6i quan hC gAn gfli v6i nhau gifta c6c
chung lodi vung c6n nhGt d6i vd nhi€t dtri, gAn hon
li v6i c6c chtng thu6c ddng L. edctdes D6ng A - 6n
doi vd cfn nhi6t d6i (virng ndy m6i chi ghi nhdn mQt
lodi duy nh6t).
So s6nh c5c trinh tu nt vd x6c dinh vi tri tr6n cAy
ph6t sinh chirng loai cho.th6y ring c6c chung n6m
huong hiQn dang nu6i trong rQng r5i deu nim 19t
trong nh6m L. edocles D6lg A, trong khi d6 chung
Sa Pa hoang dai lai nim gAn vdo nh6m Z. lateritia vd
L. novaezelandieae. Vtng D1/D2 ld dt 1i6u co bin
kh6ng c6 f nghia 16n trong vi€c phdn h6a c6c lodi chirng d6ng nh5t vd 6n dinh cho gi6m dinh o mitc chi
vh cao hon nta. Tuy nhi€n, cfing dE nhQrr th6y trinh
tg rDNA virng D1/D2 cfrng chi ra ngu6n g6c cich
biQt cira n6m huong Sa Pa - dt thuQc loiti L. edodes,
song kh6ng c6 quan hQ truc tir5p v6i c6c chirng cing
lodi thuQc nh6m - ddng D6ng A iOn A0i vd c6n nhiQt
d6i) vung Nhat Ben, Trung Qu6c.

j' ld n6m

hucmg Sa Pa - vtng nrii
:
!:.:
^
bac'ViQt Nam co quan ne rat gan cAn vol cac loal'
hinh th6i - dia hoc virng nhi6t eOi OOng Nam A - Uc
- !-

Cfrng d6ng lrru
.

, -

- A: L. lateritia, vd L. novaezelandieae. Do d6,
chirng t6i <16 nghi x5c lpp mQt thir sinh -
L. edodes var. sapaensrs, t6ch biQt v6i chirng Cao
Bing d5 ducvc dd nghi tru6c d6,y: L. edodes vat.
caoiangensis (L6 Xudn Tham, Hibbeu, 200?). N6u
tinh cA i5c chtrng c6 ngu6n g6c E6ng A thi BAc Viqt
Nam c6 it nhAt 3 thir sinh - dia hqc thu0c I. edodes-

M.J O.J

GCCTTCCTTATGGTTGGTGCA1TTCCTGATCAACGGGT
490

500

TSQ
VN TQ

359
353

.. D2

4 01.

NB

401
ACCTCTTGCTATATACATTGATTGGGACTGAC€AACTCAGCACGCCGCA}GGCCGGGTTTTTAACCMY+11

<1^

14n

550

550

TS-Q

459
463

VN_TQ

501

SP VI]

D2-NB

s01

(SP-VN: ch6ng Sa Pa)

Hinh 2. So s6nh trinh tU rDNA virng D ciic chgng n6m huong L. edodes
..

o,)
AL


7'ap

dti

Cot'tg ttglLA Sinlt hoc

8(l): 87-10i,

2010

0.02
AF 04257

9 _Le

nt i n

uI

a ed od e s

AF356159 Lentinula lateritia

55

TQ*N_ Lentinula edodedes virng Tp Trdng sa Trung Quiic

50

VNTQ_N_Lentinula edodes vr)ng Vin nam Trung Qu5c
R'

AF388060 Lentinulaedodes

100

AF 26

1

557 _Le nti n u I a

e

d od e

Dz_N_ Lentinula edodes
4F261 561 _Lentinula novae

48l

NF 287 87

2

-

s

ving Tottori, Nh6t bdn
zelandifue

_Le nti n u I a I ate riti a

79
AF 26

1

562_L e n t i n u I a _l ate rit i a _

74

SP_N_ Lentinula edodes var. sapaensis
AF3561 47 _Le nti n u I a ra p h a n i ca

AF356

1

52_Le nti nu I a borya na

AF261 560_Le ntin u la borya na

AY 639 429 *G y m n o p u s
AF

s u b p ru i n o s u s

04259*Rh odocol lybi a

m ac ul ata

AF042595_Co llybia d ryop h il a
D

Q07

17

22 *P I e u rot u s

oslrealus

Hinh 3. Quan hQ ph6t sinh ch0ng loai crla c6c chrlng nAm huong L. edodes: Nh6t Bdn (D2), Tp. Trucrng Sa vd VAn Nam
Trung Qu6c, vd Sa Pa Viet Nam vcyi cdc lodri c6 quan hQ dlra vdo 265 D1/D2 rDNA.

Phin tich trinh tg do4n ITS (rDNA)
Sg phAn h6a cria c6u truc rDNA trong vring ITS
nhim th6 hi6n 16 hcrn quan h€ cta c6c
lodi trong chi Lentinula
citc chtrng n5m huong
dang tr6ng rOng
Vi€t Nam vd chring n6m

@i
huong tu nhi6n Sa Pa. Phei nh6n manh ring, bi6n
dQng trinh tu ITS ci:.. cdc chlng n6m huong thu6c
Lentinula edodes kh6 16n (1 - 5%), chimg t6 sg phAn
h6a sinh dia hgc rat cao, mdc di chring vin duy tri
dugc tinh hiru thu, nghia ld phpm tru lodi sinh hoc vd
lodi phdn tu kh6ng phii ludn lu6n d6ng nh6t. Dt sao
ITS cfing chi ld m6t ving l4p nh6 cira rDNA (5.8 S)
ci trong nh6n vd trong ty th6, cAn phii nghiCn cuu
sAu c6c vring vd c6c gen khSc nhau mdi c6 th6 ldm
s6ng t6 dAy dir hcrn vA quan h9 chirng lo4i phSt sinh
cria chimg.
ducrc phAn tich

rii

vli

Vtng ITS chinh ld c5c doan thC hiCn sy ph6n
h6a lodi tucrng tt6i 16 vd duoc t6p trung phdn tich sAu

cho ITSI/ITS2 ctra c6c ch[rng. K6t qud duoc din ra

du6i ddy:
Trinh tu nucleotide cia cic chring D2NB, TSTQ
tucmg dQng 100%. Hinh th6i

cta chring c6

":.yNTg

nhieu n6t hrong d6ng nhau: l6p thit ddy, c6 nhiiu
vAy l6ng tr€n m[ n6m, cu6ng mdp vd c6 mdi thom
hucrng d{c tnmg. DAy chinh ld nhfrng dai di6n di6n
hinh cira ddng hucrng D6ng A voi rl0 thuAn nh6t rdt
cao. Chirng ctng hAu nhu tuong d6ng v6i c6c chirng
L. edodes (U33091, U33089, U33093). Trinh tu nt
cria chirng VNTQ (dong D6ng A; vd chring SPVN c6
d6 tucrng d,i)ng -95,3Yo (7141749) vd kh6Cnhau 6 35
vi tri (6 vi tri nt bl khuyiit, 8 vi tri nt bi thira, 21 vi tri
kh6c nhau). Nhu vAy, vC c6u truc DNA thi chring
phdn h6a kh6 manh v6i ITS bi6n d6ng tli 4,7Yo, mgc
dt v0 mdt dia li thi chirng ph6n b6-kh6 gAn nhau,
nghia ld chring Sa Pa c6 th6 khdng c6 ngudn g6c gAn
v6i ddng E6ng A.
93


L0 Xr-rAn ThAm et ol
Quan. hC ch[rng loai ph6t sinh r,.d phdn ndo ne u
duoc ngu6n g6c vd qu6 trinh phAn h6a cua c6c chung

trong loiii l.entinula eclotle.s dqa tr6n d5n ti0u trinh
ITS (rruc.rDNA), duoc phric hoa trong hinh 4 vd 5.

- - -ACAAGGTTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG.\AGGATCATTATTGAATT?TTTGGTGGTGGATTGTTGCTGGCCTTTGGGTATGTGCACATCCTCCTCCGA
10

2A

30

40

50

50

70

80

90

tr-r

MAJ OTJ

100

... TS TQ
... ttr-TQ
... D2 NB
T. . SP.rv,}J

1
1
L

I
TTTCTATTCATCCACCTGTGCACTTTTTGTAGGAGTTCTTTCATCGGGTTTTTGA_AGGTGCTCATTATGAGTTACCTTGAAAAG-ACTAG.ITGACAAGG

110

120

130

140

150

160

--___170
180

IvIaJ

190

oTJ

200

--

9B

98
101

.

D2-NB

A

SP.VN

CTTCTATGTTCTTA?AAACCATTGAi\GTATGTTATAGAATGATCTTGTTATTGGGACTTTATTGACCCTTTAAACTTAATACAACTTTCAGCAACGGATC

270

22A

):o

240

250

260

2'7 0

2AO

MaJ oTJ

294

300

195
195
).96

204

SP-VN
TCTTGGCTCTCCCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAAT"TCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACCTTGCGCCC

110

295 -..

295...
296 - -.
3oo ...

320

330

340

350

350

170

380 -

390

: .....
.. -.:..

Mai oTi

400

..... - TS-Te
...... !,N_TO
... -. - D2-NB
...... sp_vN

....:.

TCTGGTATTCCGGAGGGCATGCCTGTTTGAGTGTCATTAAAT'TCTCAACTTTATAAGTTTTTACTTAT"IAAAGCTTGGATGTTGGAGGCTTGCAGGCGTT

410

420

430

444

450

460

470

480

490

MaJ oTJ

500

395...

......

TS-Te

396...

-.-.--

D2-NB

TGTCAGCTCCTCTI'AAATTTATTAGTGGGAACCCTGTTTTGTTAGTTCT_AACCTTGGTGTGATAATITATCTACATTTTC,GT

510

524

530

540

550

560

s',t

o

580

_GGAACCTTACAATAAT

590

500

AAAGCTCTATTGGTTTGGGTTGTTGCATTT-AGTTTGCTCAATCTGTTCTATTCATTGGAGAAAAAGGGAAGTTCTGCTTTCTAACTGTCT:TGATTGACT

610

520

630

640

650

660

670

680

ATATATAACTTATTTGCTTGACCTCAAATCAGGTAGGATTACCCC,CTGAACTTAAGCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAA

7to

720

730

740

750

'7

60

590

MAJ OTJ

MaJ oTJ

700

Maj

ori

770

69r ...
69L -. .
592..-

TS_TQ
VN.TQ

698 . . .

SP.VAI

Hinh 4. So s6nh trinh tr,r rDNA v0ng ITS cdc chring n5m huong L. edodes (SP_VN: ch0ng Sapa).
94

D2.NB


7-ap

ch[ Cong nrlhe ,\'itth hoc 8(1): 87- l0] ^ 2010

0.05
U33aB4 Lentinulo loterittAF A3 1 1 9 2.-Len t i n u I ct a t e r*Tt&,AF03 1 B0_.Lcntinulo tol erilio
AF03 I I /9,_Lentin ul o lcrt erifio
I

1

U330/6 leniinLlo laterilia
U33073 Lenllnul o lot eritio
U33O7 2 Le nt i n u o o e ritict
I

I

t

U330/ 1
lot e rifio
-Leniinul a
U33070 f enfinul ct I oteritio
U33083_Lenlin u I o I ct t e ri tio
AF03 i i B5_lentinulo ecJodes
AF03 I I 9

SP l_

1

_Lenlinulo_edodes

leniinulo edodes vor. sopoensis

U33075_Lenflnul o ncvo ezeto ndietx&-,

a n o v c: e zel o n d i@e
a n ov o eze lo nd ),eAZ.
U3308 I,Lenfinul a novaeze!ond lO**
U33O7 4 _Le nt in ul a nov cs ezel o ndie,o2
U33OB6_Leniin ul o o t eriti o
U33085 Lentinulo loteritio

U33082_Len lrn
U3307

9

u

I

Le nt i n ul

I

U33090 Lentinul a lot eritio
U33092 Lentinuio edodes

U33080-Lenlinti/o edodes

U33088 Lenfinuio edodes
AF03l I 89_Lentinul edodes

U33087-lenlinu/o edodes
AF03 I 1 88_Lentin u/o

edodes

AF03l I B2_lenfinu/o edodgs

AF03l I 93_Lentinu/o ecjodes
AF03 1 I BZ_Lentinu/o edodes
AF03l I86 Lenilnu/o edodes
U33093_Lenlinu/o edodes

/NTQ,|, Lentinulo edodes ving V6n nom Trung eu6c
'Q_l_ Lenlinulo edodes
ving Tp Trdng so Trung eur5c
'
U33089 Lenfinu/o

edodes

D2.l

Lenlinulo edodes ving Totiori, Nh6t Bin
U3309'l Lenfinulo edodes
AF03l l T8 Lentinulo boryonc:
U330ZB _ Lentin ulo boryono
U3307 7 _ Le ntin ulo boryo no

'175_
AF03l
Lentinulo boryono
AF03l lZ6_ Lentinulo boryono
AF03l i77- Lentinula boryono
EU

4200 68-P I e urolus osireol us

Hinh 5. Quan hQ ching loai ph6t sinh cdc chrlng,_lodi sinh - dia ly Lentinula dua tr6n d5n liQu c5u tr6c ITS- rDNA - Luu
dong n6m huong Sa Pa t6ch biQt (x& tlTtr6n n6n din tiQu theo Hibbett, 1998).

Trinh t.u nt cira chring SPVN vd lodi L. edodes:
I. edodes (AF 031191)

chring huong Sa Pa vd chring

c6 tlQ tucrng tl6ng 98% (7171731bp) sai kh6c nhau d
14 vi tri (5 vi tri bi khuyrit, 6 vi tri bi thira vd 3 vi tri

nt khSc nhau). Kt5t qua so sAnh cta chirng L. edodes
(U33091) vd chring huong Sa Pa nhQn th6y ring

f

chtng c6 muc tuong d6ng chi lil 93% (686fia3 bp)
sai khilc nhau 57 vi tri nucleotide, trong d6 c6 4
nucleotide bi khuy6t, 22 nucleotide bi thira, 28
nucleotide kh6c nhau, vd 3 nucleotide kh6ng xiic
dinh clugc. Chu6i nucleotide ITS cria chirng huong

Sa Pa khiic vdi trinh tu nucleotide cua L. edodes
95


I.6 Xtrin 'l'h[,t"tt t:t

tl.

(AF03l l9l) ld -2ok, vir khdc voi trinh tu nucleotide
cia L..eclodes (U33091) L6i -7oh, chirng t6 rdng rnuc
d0 bi6n d6ng cua c5c chung trong lodi L. edodes v€,

D6ng, 1.. latet'itra vd nh6t ld lodi r6t giOng .,,ci'i lodj
chudn I. hc,,ryana d Nam Cdt Ti€n.

phdn h6a cdu trirc DNA

Ndm hu'ottg bqch kim Lentinulu sp. Cfu TiAn

1d

rAt l6n.

Niim hwtng L. edodes Langbiang
N6m mgc tu nhi6n dugc thu nhdn vdo ddu ndm
2009, tuy gifta mira kh6 song ving ntri Langbiang c6
nhtng dgt mua cu6i m,-ia duy tri dugc 6m ucrt trong
c6c khu rung th6ng, nmg h6n loqi khlp trOn d6 cao
1500 - 2000 rn, nhi€t d6 xu6ng thap (15 - 20'C vdo
ban ngdy). Tuy cr)ng mQt qudn th6 mgc tr6n thAn c0y

96 ta-rqng dang khd *ui, song thil qui c6 nhi6u
dang hinh bitn th6 vua gdn voi L. lateritia nhiQt doi
(bC mdt th6 qud nhin min, nhol mdu), uia rAt dien
hinh gi6ng nhu c6c chring I,. edodes D6ng A c4n
nhiet ddi - 6n d6i (Trung Qu6c, Nh4t Bdn).
PhAn tich gi6i

li

phlu

hQ soi vd bdo tAng cfing cho

thir. Bd; tu d6m thuin ntr6t va 6n dinh.
Chc ddc di6m 1i6t bdo vd cic cdu truc bdt thu trong

k5t quri

bdo tAng biiin d6ng kh6 m4nh, thC hiCn su giao hoa
ci 3 lodi: L. edodes, L. lateritia vd ci lodi chuin L.
boryana. Ddy ld vdn dO c6 y nghla quan trqng gi|p
chinh ly hQ th6ng phAn lo4i hinh th6i kinh di6n.
Chrinc iui ,'to-o tiAn hinh nhAn fich oo s6nh c6rr h-lc
'vii uiiE tAi u;iia,
rDNA dC thAm dinh, ki6m tra k! hcrn.

Ndm hrong Lentinula

cf lateritia

O

nrti Langbiang

DAy dg ki6n ld lodi m6i ghi nhdn cho khu hQ
Lentinule o ViCt Nam, m6t dang phAn h6a vtng
nhiCt ddi. Chring t6i d6 nghi dit t6n tiiSng ViQt cho
iodi ndy ld n6m hucrng Dd Lat.
Berkeley (1881:384) md t6 g6c m6u vflt nhfln tu
Uc, bdi Baron F. von Mueller, nhung kh6ng ghi dia
di6m hay noi s6ng, chi bii5t mgc trOn 96. Nghi€n criru
cho thAy th6 qu6 dugc bdo t6n t5t, hiru thu vd phr)
hqp v6i nhtng m6u vpt nhQn dugc tai Kew tu niri
Kinabalu & Sabah, vd mQt bd m6u suu tdp thir hai
cria Uc, tu New South Wales. Ghi ch6p ve L. edodes
tri Sabah bdi Kobayasi, Otani & Hongo (1973:351)
cho th6y tlOu ilac tnmg cho L. lateritia. Trong c6c bQ
suu tdp tu ving cao nguy6n Indonesia, Kobayasi
c6p nhtng 6nh mdu cta
(1966: pl. X, A - B) de
"rrng
L. lateritia d ving

L. lateritia, nghia ld d6u th6y

D6ng Nam A - Uc - A va thucrng it de i phdn biQt 16
vbi L. edodes, phn hqp vdi c6c ghi nhan c[ra nhi6u
tirc gih (Komatsu, Kimura, 1968; Shimomura et al.,
1992; Molina et al., 1992). Chinh vi vQy, that li thir
khi ph6t hiqn dugc d Nam ViQt Nam c6c lodi

Lentinula: de gip c6c bi6n thd L. edodes d vung BEc
C5t Ti6n - niri Langbiang (d d6 cao -2000 m), LAm
96

Du ki(in dAy cfrng ld lodi mdi ghi nhdn cho khu
bi6t 16n 3
lodi. MAu thu dugc o Nam C6t Ti6n h6t sirc dac sic.
.:
- I
Lin ddu ti6n o vung Th6c Troi n6ng 6m dAu mia
mua nhiOt ddi (-30"C), nAm huong mgc rQ, th6 hi6n
nhirng n6t gi6ng L. lateritia, song kh6,phir hqp v6i
m6 ti lodi chuAn d Trung M!. Nhd n0m hoc Earle
x5c dinh lodi chuAn L. cubensis, tim th6y 6' Cuba,
Trung M!, khi ay ld duy nh6t cho chi m6i trich ra tu
Lentinus Fr., vdo ndm 1909, dua vdo m5u vQt do
Berkeley vd Curtis x6c l6p: Lentinus cubensi.s Berk.
& Cur1. (1869). Thuc ra d6 ld d6ng nghia cria m6t
t€n lodi tru6c d6: Agaricus boryanus Berk. & Mont.
(1849) - tuc ld s6m hon 20 ndm. Hcrn 100 ndnt sau,
Singer d Trudng E4i hoc T6ng hqp Vienna, Austria
hE Lentinula 6 ViCt Nam, dua t6ng sO hien

moi khing dinh tinh rru ti6n cira dinh ngir lodi
boryanus vd chinh li ld: Lentinus boryanus (Berk. &
Mont.) Singer (1952; 1955). Cflng khodng 20 ndm
sau, Pegler (1915) .6 Vudn Thuc v6t Hodng gia Kew,
Anh Qu6c, m6i k6t hqp tinh dirng ddn cira Earle vd
hnntnnn
Sinser khi xAc. ^a-r loii ch,,4n' [.entinrt]n - ' ) -" "'

lin ^- ---

(Berk. & Mont.) Pegler. Chirng t6i xin d€ nghi t6n
tii5ng Vi6t cho lodi ndy ld n6m Bach kim hucrng (vi
sic diQn bach kim cira thO qu6).

Tir nhirng c6ng trinh cria Hibett vd d6ng tirc giir
099a; 1995; 1996) vd Hibett (1992;2001), Mata vd
tl6ng t6c gi6 (2000; 2001) vd m6t s6 tdc gii khSc c6
the nhan dinh ring n6m hunng c6 t6 ti6n tu ving
Nam Th5i'Binh Duong - Egrg Nam A, d6 phAn ly
thdnh 2 nh6m l6n: Cuu Th6 gi6i vd TAn Th6 gi6i.
D6ng thcri theo Hibett vr)ng Nam Th6i binh ducrng D6ng Nam A ld trung tdm da d4ng sinh hgc vd di
truy6n ci:a Lentinula. Nh6nh phAn h6a lon L. edodes
phbt tbn rdt mSnh vd uu th0 d vring D6ng A thO hiQn
nhimg t6c dQng nhin t+o trong lich str chgn lgc, nu6i
tr6ng vd lai tao, g6p phin duy tri vd tdng gucrng (g6y
ra) tinh tucrng hgp vd da dpng di truyCn cira c6c
chirng trong khip vung A - U"._ V6n de r6t quan
trgng ld c0n chi ra dugc nhimg ddn chimg cho th0y
nh6m 6 Tdn Th€ gi6i (3 lodi) cf,ng c6 quan hQ tryc
ti6p v6i nh6m d Ctru Thd gi6i. Nhi6u d6n li6u thsc
nghiQm vd gi6i trinh tp nhi6u gen (k0 cn gen tubulin,
gen fy th6) cring dugc 6p dpng chirng t6 qu6 trinh
ph0n h6a vd m6i quan hQ ch{t ch6 ndy (Thon, Royse,
1999; Hibbett, 2001; Mata, Petersen, 2001). HiQn
vin chi ld gi6 thiCt ring chirng c6 t6 ti6n chung mi
chua c6 ddn 1i6u thuy6t phpc. NhQn tlinh tu thoi

l'op chi C6ng nglt| Sinh Jioc E(1): 87-101, 2010
Pegler (1983) duoc xirc nh0n phAn nAo boi c6c phdn
tich rDNA gAn d6y v€ d4c tirih nguyCn so hon vd gin

C6 th€ n6u th6m rdng c6c chung sinh - dia hoc hutrng

Lentinula edotles o Viet Nam (bin dia) r6t gAn gfli
v6i nh6m ,rgu6n g6c Dong Nam A vd giao hoa v6i
ddng D6ng A. fet qui cta chring t6i v€ phAn h6a
sinlr dia hoc c[ra Lentirurla o Vigt Nam c6 th6 g6p
, ). .
pnan vao ,.:

nlrau cta L. lateritict vd, L. boryana (song phin bd
lheo c5c hr 1i6u tru6'c ddy ld qu6 c6ch bi6t nliau), vd
nay lai duoc ph6t hi€n cung gdp 6 m6t vung nti Nam
Vi6t Nam (kh5 hep o L6m D6ng - C6t Ti6n) c6 y
nghia cuc kj, quan trong, cho ph6p dua ruddn chung
itng h6 vd cu thd h6a hcrn nhQn dinh cfia Hibbett
(1998) cho ring t6 ti6n cua c6c lodi Lentinula c6 th6
ld rung Nam Th6i Binh Duong. Ph6t hi6n cria chring
t6r cho ph6p md r6ng hqp l1i ld E6ng Nam A - Nam
Th6i Binh Ducrng. EIc bi€t, phin b6 Nam A - Nam
Thei Binh Ducrng cila L. lateritia vd giao hda hinh
th6i vd phdn tu' v6i c6c bi6n th6 phong phri cua Z.
edodes chimg t6 nrdi quan hQ rAt gAn gfri cua chring.

Bing

1. T6c dO sinh

trudng c0a c0a

hQ

tren tnnh nghren cuu sau nay.

Nudi trdng n6m huo'ng Lentinula edodes
Chring

t6i nghi6n criu kh6 n[ng nu6i tr6ng

6

chfrng nAm hucrng o Ed Lat (chtng Sa Pa duoc chon
dai diQn cho nh6m b6n dia Vi6t Nam). Khd ning sinh
tru&ng cta h0 sgi trong nhdn gi6ng thuAn khi€t duoc
n6u trong bdng 1. Cdc chring sinh trudng t6t trong
di6u kiQn phdng thi nghi6m.

Dudng kinh khuAn lac tr6n m6i trulng PGA (mm)

(nsey)

L170

VNTO

4

4,0

6

12,6

r 0,5

! 1,1
15,3 r 1,5

B

20,6

! 2,3

24,0

10

26,3

t3,7

32,6

t

14

t
45,6 t

tc

53,3

36,6

r

0,4

7,3

!2,0

r 1,5
14,0 t 2,0
19,3 I 3,2
5,6

29,6

t

4,0

1,5

! 2,5
39,6 r 1,5

36,0

r

4,3

1,1

46,61',l,',l

45,0

0,5

56,3

r

1,5

Bing 2. T6c d6 sinh trudng c0a c5c chring L.

I 3,4
56,3 t 2,0

edodes tr6n mOi

0,5

4,6

r 0,5

9,3

i

1,1

14,0 r. 1,0

11,0

!2,0

19,0

!

1,7

21,3 x 1,5

18,0

t

2,0

27,0

!

2,O

t 2,0
38,0 r 1,0

26,0 +2,0

35,3

r

2,0

34,3 r.2,5

44,0

!

1,7

!0,5

51,2

r

2,6

50,3 1 1,5

57,0

r

1,7

6,3

r

29,6

47,3

!

1,5

56,3 1 1,5

44,0

truong gao luc (nhi6i d6 phong 18 - 22C)

T6c ctg tdng tru&ng cria hQ sqi nim tr6n m6i trudng gao k?c mqt cua (mm)

Thoi gian

(nsiv)

L170

TSTQ

N5

32,7 !.8,7

33,0

r 7,0

19,7

r

55,7

r 7,8
t 4,7

64,7 + 18,6

73,4

!

14,5

57,0

!7,5

30

83,7

r2,B

106,7 !.14,1

110,7

!14,3

105,6

i

40

114,7t 3,7

!12,0

15't,3

r

129,6

r 6,8

10

Dh L4t

sgi ndm c6c chlhg Lentinula edodes (nhiet d0 phdng 1B - 22.C)

Ihdi gian

20

&

36,0

Sau kho6ng

2

136,4

tudn thi chirng d4t mric tdng

trucrng kh6 d6ng d€u.

Khi chuy6n

sang nhdn gi6ng
tr6n m6i trudng hat ngfl c6c (gao ltc), c6 6 chirng
rl6u tdng trucrng t6t @ang 2). TiCp d6 c6y 16n mdi
trudng gi6 th6 h6n hqp. Thcri gian u to trong t6i k6o

14,8

10,0

1

1,6

r 5,5
60,0 r 6,9
36,6

! 12,7
'113,6 t 11,0
86,3

26,3

r 5,8

48,0

r.7,9

72,6

!7,2

99,3

r 6,0

dAi t6i khoing 95 - 105 ngdy, b6 ngodi kh6i che sqi h6a nAu tao thdnh lcrp bno vQ ddy, rach b6c
bich. MAm th6 qu6 xuAt hiQn kh6 rl6u vdongdy 105 110. Sau 115 - 125 ngdy hAu h6t tt6u cho th6 qu6
hodn chinh. Chung Sa Pa, Vi6t Nam thucrng cho th6
97


LC

quA nh6 vd m6ng, it h6p d6n. Chring V0n Nam,
Trung Qu6c vd c6c chung TottoriD2 vit Ll70, Nhal
Bdn thudng cho th6 qud ddy mpp vd i6'n, do v?,y co y
nghTa kinh tC cao. Ddc bi6t, nAm huong c6 chua c6c
phdn doan polyssacharides c6 hoat tinh ch6ng ung
thu rdt manh, dugc chi6t t6ch, tinh ch6 vd thuong
mai h6a (Wasser, 2002).

NAm huong hi€n r5t c6 gi6 tri kinh t6, Trung Qu6c
d5n dAu todn th6 gi6i voi san lucrng ngdy cdng tdng,

ohi sau

rim

md vii m6c nhi, gi6

XuAn'[hivrr et al

cA canh tranh l5n rit

khip th! truloi th6 c6 khA nlng nu6i tr6ng sAn xu6t nAm huong
tucri quanh n[m 6 Dd L4t, voi nhftng c6ng nghQ m6i
: ^,
ldm gidu nguy6n to Selenium vdo sinh kh6i (Le
Xuan Tham et at., 2008) cho nAm huong ch5t lrrong
;.^
d5c biQt, cdn tAp trung dAu tu cho virng trgng di6m
ndy di5 g6p phAn di6u ti6t thi trucmg, nAng cao vi tri
vd khA ning cta hucrng & Vi6t Nam.

Hinh 6. Nu6i tr6ng cdc ching n6m huong c6 gi6 tri kinh t6. A. Chring Sa Pa, ViQt
Nam; B. Chirng V6n Nam; C. Ch0ng NhAt Bdn; (kich cO blch chwa -1 ,4 kg co ch6t).

KET LUAN
Vigt Nam thr5 hiQn tinh tla dSng ,
ph6t hiQn c.ac chirng thuQc Z. edodes phdn

cao, d5
h6a d Sa Pa, Cao B.5ng (BIc ViQt Nam) vd vr)ng nrii
Langbiang, LAm E6ng (Nam Vi6t Nam), c6 v6 hinh
th5i cdu truc th6 quA vd trinh t.u rDNA.
1. N6m huong d

2.Ph t hi6n lodi gAn gfri L. lateritia d ving nui
cao Langbiang (1500 - 2000 m), LAm D6ng vd lodi
Lentinula sp. b4ch kim d rung thdp (150 - 250 m) Cdt
Ti€n, D6ng Nai (Nam ViQt Nam) ph6n h6a r6t manh.

.

3.Ee nu6i tr6ng ra th6 qud hoin chinh c5c chring
I. edodes tqi Dd L4t c6 gi6 tri cao.

ndm hucrng thu6c
98

Loi cim

a"n: C6ng trinh.duqc sU tc)i trq theo dO tdi
"Phdt tri€n sdn xudt ndm tr€n co sd di6u tra xdy
d4ng bdo tdng nd:m Cdt Ti€n, D6ng Nai". fQp thi
tdc gid xin trdn trpng cdm crn Sd Khoa hpc vd C6ng
nghQ D6ng Nai dd tqn tinh giup dd vd ddm bdo tdi
chinh cho cac nghi€n c*u ndy.

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itht citu lri€t

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TNVESTIGATION OF DIVERSITY SPECIATIONS OF SHIITAKE LENTINULA EDODES
IN SAPA, SHIITAKE LANGBIANG LENTINULA CF. LATERITIA IN DAI,A'| AND
NEWLY FOUND SHIITAKE LENTINULI SP. IN CATTIEN, VIETI{AM
Le Xuan Thaml,*,'llruong Thi I{ongl, Nguyen Le Quoc Hungl, Hoang Thi Hoan2, Pharn Ngoc Duong3,
Truong Binh Nguyen4, Dorfhi Luongs
lDepartment of Science & Technology, Lam Dong Provinc'e, Vietnam
Do Lot University
3National

Park of Cat Tien, Dong Nai Province
a
Central Western Institute of Biology, Da Lat, Lamdong Province
sNationel University of Ha Noi
2

SUMMARY
.

Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler has been taxonomically studied in Vietnam for 130 years ago with
collections of authentic specimens at that time, as type of Lentinus tonkinensis Pat. (now treated as synonym),
collected from Ba Vi mountainous region by Balansa, deposited in Paris and recently supplemented with some
newly-collected strains, native to high mountainous regions, North Vietnam: Cao Bang and Sa Pa shiitake, near
to South China. Some Shiitake strains obtained from lapan: D2 Tottori, China: Yunnan and Changsha City
were analysed comparatively with respect to both morphological and molecular characteristics. It is interesting
to find that the Vietnam natively geographical races of Shiitake collected in Cao Bang, Sa Pa mountains, North
Vietnam are so clearly segregated fiom strains imported from Changsha City, Yunnan (China) and Tottori
(Japan) - that are East Asian races, typical temperate Shiitake Lentinula edode,s, that markedly similar to
Southeast Asian - tropical Shiitake forms, particularly close to sister species Lentinula lateritia ar'd L.
novaezelandieae, based orr both D and ITS sequences. Recently, in South Vietnam, for the first time, other
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