Tra cứu ảnh dựa trên lưới và ứng dụng

Tra cu nh dng dng


 Lan Anh


i hc 
Lu H th: 60 48 05
ng dn: c To
o v: 2012


Abstract. Gii thiu v tra cu a nh, c thng tra cu
nh theo nt s c ng dng ca tra cu t s
c, kt cp
u k thut tra cu nh di. Gii thiu
nh kt hp gi dng k thu
 ng  ng, thu
ng tra cu nh di.

Keywords. H th; K thut x nh; nh;  

Content

MỞ ĐẦU
nh s a kho d li liu 
 ng l  kiu tra cu mt
c  d li thc
him bt tng tm
nh my i dung c
 thng tra ct cn thi tra cu nh

ng da vnh hoc ni dung nh. Tra cu nh
theo nc nhiu s c.




   

 


Chƣơng 1: v.
Chƣơng 2: M
Chƣơng 3: 
Chƣơng 4:  

Chƣơng 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ TRA CỨU ẢNH
1.1 Giới thiệu chung
c thi ca h thng x nh bao gm:
- Thu nhn nh.
- S nh.
- nh.
- Nhn dng nh.
Tra cu nh m nh trong m d liu nh nhng nh
tho 


Tra cu nh theo ni dung c thc hic s dnc
thp ca nh c, kt c  biu din nh.   gia nh cn
 d liu  t qu c   cao nht.

1.2 Các đặc trƣng mức thấp của ảnh
c thp ca m thu nhc t mt bc 
c, kt c ng.
 c s dng ph bin  cho
i nhn ra s t t ginh.
ng c n c bng vin bao xung quanh 
 tip cc s  p

ng
Kt cng trong nhn dng bn mu nh.
p bn mu trc quan v a nh.  thung ca ng kt
cu  tn, thuut, chu k 

 kt cu
Mi quan h  t nh.

u ding qua mi quan h kh
1.3 Cấu trúc của hệ thống tra cứu ảnh theo nội dung
Mt h thng tra cu  thc hin qua nhin: Nhp nh truy vn,
nhp d liu nh cho  d liu, chua nh truy v
 d li  n th kt qu , 

 thng tra cu nh theo ni dung
1.4 Một số hệ thống tra cứu ảnh theo nội dung

ng QBIC      dung cho


 




 WebSEEK .
1.4

 
1.4


1.5 Một số ứng dụng cơ bản của tra cứu ảnh

 g, s, n, q, 
1.6 Kết luận chƣơng
Tra cu nh theo nc khoa hn d
 ng dng ca x nh. H thnh
 trong m d linh.
Tra cu nh theo ni dung c thc hi vi  gia hai
bc c biu din bi mt trong s  mc thp ca 
dng, kt ct qu  c  vi nh truy vc xp xp
theo th t gim d .

Chƣơng 2: MỘT SỐ PHƢƠNG PHÁP TRÍCH CHỌN ĐẶC TRƢNG HÌNH ẢNH
2.1 Phƣơng pháp trích chọn đặc trƣng theo màu sắc

K
Không gian màu RGB
 c s dng ph bin nh hin th  
RGB bao g (Red), 
ng b thu
c bi vi nhau.

1 
Không gian màu CMY
 Cyan-Magenta-

Không gian màu HSx

 





3
a

8
2
*
'
Rn
R 

8
2
*
'
Gn
G 

8
2
*
'
Bn
B 
(2.1)

3


  :



N
j
iji
f
N
1
1

(2.2)
2
1
)(
1
i
N

j
iji
f
N




(2.3)
3
1
3
)(
1



N
j
iiji
f
N
s

(2.4)

ij




 Trong


:
  (2.5)

P
iH
iH
][
][' 

2.2 Phƣơng pháp trích chọn đặc trƣng theo kết cấu




k

2k (k = 0, 1, , 5):
k
y
yj
x
xi
k
k
k
k
k

jigyxA
2
12
2
12
2
2/),(),(
1
1
1
1










(2.7)






n
j

best
m
i
crs
jiS
nm
F
11
),(
.
1
(2.11)


4
4



co n
F
(2.12)

 
2
||||
||
VH
G



(2.13)
2
)(tan
1







H
V
(2.14)
T




p
p
w
Dp
n
p
dir
HF )()(
2
(2.15)



 


),(),(),(),(),(),(

ehuduy
FFFFFF 
(2.16)


 




Dyx
yxyxgyxyxg
)','(
),()','()','(),(

(2.17)





ji
jiC ),(

2

Entropy:

ji
jiCjiC ),(log),(




ji
jiCji ),()(
2




ji
ji
jiC
||1
),(


H
jWx
yx
yxg
yx
yx




2)(
2
1
exp[
2
1
),(
2
2
2
2

(2.18)



mn(x) = 2-m/2(2-mx - n) (2.24)




nm
mnmn
xcxf
,
)()(


(2.25)
2.3 Phƣơng pháp trích chọn đặc trƣng hình dạng
B


3 

Phƣơng pháp phát hiện biên trực tiếp


Phƣơng pháp phát hiện biên gián tiếp
- 
   -    -     

-
-


 

 Fourier,

:


4  

5
2.4 Thông tin không gian
ng



g
 
2.5 Phân đoạn



2.6 Kết luận

 .  
  


Chƣơng 3: TRA CỨU ẢNH DỰA TRÊN LƢỚI
3.1 Định nghĩa lƣới

 Biu din li.
3.2 Phƣơng pháp tra cứu ảnh dựa trên lƣới
Tra cu nh du di di 
.
3.2

Hpht thua nhng ch ng
bt k nh.
3.2.1.2 

.
3.2.1.3 
ng 








, 








 




.
3.2.1.4 















.
3.2.1.5 










 , q 





 



 (p,q). 

s(p,q) = 1  

 , 

i 



 
nhau.

ng cng
T mt     thc hi ng b 
dc bii t mi min tn s.
3.2.2.2 












 ng. Quy
:
- 1 








15% 







i.
- S 0 







.


 












 , 



 














.
, 11100000 11111000 01111110 01111111.

3.2: 






3.2.2.3 


 






, 

 















(







 ). 














.

3.3: ng cng
3.2.2.4 






T



























192 



(pixel).
3.2.2.5 
Sau khi 



 , chu














, 
 





















 ,



















.
3.2.2.6 
a hai t ca hai nh.
Ta thc hin:
-  .
- t ca mng trong nh truy vn.
- t ging trong hai nh.
- R
i

i
 i cnh th nht
- R



t th i cnh th hai
- Nu (R

d
+C
d
) < T (.
3.2.2.6 

.


3.4: 
3.2.2.7 























Vi 









 

, 












 












. 
















































CSDL 


4 











.
3.2.2.8 


X 
















 ,




:
- , , 




- 











y.
- ,   ph 
ng.
- .
- C




 t, 



























l







.
u gm c:
ng trong nh truy v bi chic ph 
nh .
2. Thc hin chu  d liu  
kim.
3. Khong truy vn vi m d
lii s   
 c hin th hoc ly th t ng
.
3.3 Tra cứu ảnh dựa vào chỉ mục kết hợp màu sắc và hình dạng



T  b dng mt t
 .

5: Bng tra c
Kt ha chn
S d m  trong bng C, khong

d

 d
22225
1
)()()(
BGR
ibigirid
CpCpCpMINC 

(3.1)
c thc hi
1. c o mt ma trn nh.
2. For mm nh trong nh do
222
)()()((
bbggrr
CICICID 
(3.2)
- n RGB trong bng tra ccho mt m 
D nh nht.
3. nh s xut hia mm   ng
tn sut.
4.  m nh theo chiu dc.
5. D   dng thu
tin).
6. Kt ho th
7. nh c r(R) c nht bao quanh:
sizeage
yyxx
Rr
_Im

*
)(
2121


(3.3)
8. Lp li t i.

 3.6: Minh h

 3.7: 
 i
c nh. V i c
nh.

3.8: B khu vc

3.9: Minh hc.

 ng c
kim.
3.3.

C mc ch mc d-
c s d  nh. C dt ct t  
ki c 

3.10: C mc.
Mt ch s duy nh





n
i
n
i
CIndex
1
1
25*
(3.6)
 s c:
0
3
1
2
2
1
25*25*25* CCCIndex 
(3.7)

3.11 v b.

Vi my  c hi c ch mc
ng gm: Chu c ph.

c thc hic:
1. nh truy vc x  p v
sc.

2. Vi mnh truy vn ta biu ding. Ci ch
mc ca 4 ng vng khi thc hin qu t theo chiu
ngang, lt theo chiu dc.
 ma nh truy vn vnh nhc d
c.
4. Ch    l         
 ng.
hc xp th t ph thu t ca t t
t ginh truy vc.

  c 3.2.2.6 ca lu
3.4 Kết luận
Tra cu nh dp cn mi dng. Vi 
c hi   mc
cho vic tra cu.
Tra cu nh d kt hp vc nhu qu
tra cu. Thc chu d mc kt hp ging.

Chƣơng 4: THIẾT KẾ VÀ CÀI ĐẶT CHƢƠNG TRÌNH MÔ PHỎNG TRA CỨU ẢNH
DỰA TRÊN LƢỚI
4.1 Phát biểu bài toán
Bài toán:  d liu m  vi nh truy vn v c
ng.
Giải quyết:
- c  d liu  T
gch s mc, chunh , chiu cao trc ph  cao ca nh),
ng dn.
- n nh truy vn bao gm ch s c, chu c hin so
 c   gn vi nh
truy vn th

4.2 Cài đặt sử dụng phƣơng pháp tra cứu ảnh dựa trên lƣới
4.2.1 
Ki i mm nh nu nh t l 
c l  255.
4.2.2 
Lt ching c ph   Xmin,
Xmax, Ymin, Ymax.
4.2.
Vic chuc thc hin  ving.
4.2.3.1 
m nh ri thc hit m nh vi mt h s
c ca nh m nht bao quanh ng.
4.2.3.2  
Tra ng ni gim nh xa nh n
nht).
Vi tng cm bt k trong nh  gi ra  n
nht. ng ni gia hai c n nh
4.2.3.3 Xoay 
Thc hinh
c h th m bng
n cng hp c th.

Ta thc hin ph i b nh, m
a nh theo t l:

 nh c l

4.1: Ph i ng

Vi hai chu t k, ta kim tra n ng

 d  

4.3 Giao diện chƣơng trình
c thit k u dng, tra cu kt
hng.

Tra cu d ng.

3: Tra cu kt hng.

KẾT LUẬN
Lung quan v tra cu t s 
chng thu nh d
i. Gii thiu mt s a nh trong tra cu nh theo ni
n theo c, ng, u k thut tra cu
nh d d dn thi kt hc vc
ng. Viu nh dc
u nh kt hp vc  cho kt qu tra cu t
na.
Luu nh dng dc nhng kt qu:
u tng quan v tra cu nh, mt s 
nh.
2. Nu nh di u 
cu kt hng.
ng ng du nh da c
thp ca nh.
i ch ng cho tra cn ch tra
cnh phc tp trong thc t.

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