Thiết kế bài giảng hoá học nâng cao lớp 11 tập 2

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NHA XUAT BAN HA
NOI

TS.
CAO CL/ GIAC (Chu bien)
ThS.
HO XUAN
THUt
-ThS. CAO THI VAN GIANG
THIET
KE
BAI GIANG
HOA HOC 11
NANG

CAO
TAP
HAI
'X A
NHA XUAT BAN HA
NOi

ChiAiNq
VI
HKmOCACBON KHONG
NO
BAI
39
ANKEN
DANH
PHAP,
CAU
TRUG,
DONG PHAN
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC
1.
Kien
thCJfc
HSbiet:
• Khai niem, cong thiic chung cua day
doiig dang
anken,
biit phSn
loai va
goi ten mot so anken

defn
gian.
• ca'u true electron va ca'u triic khdng
gian
eiia anken.
•
^
Viet dong phan ca'u tao va dong phan hinh hgc
ciia
anken.
/
HS hieu:
•
Vi
sao
ankeri
co nhieu dong phan han ankan
tucng
iing.
•
Nguyen^
nhan mot sd anken
co
dong
phari
hinh hoc la do su phan bo' cac
nhom the
cf
cac vi
tri

khac nhau ddi v6i mat phang
ehiia
lien ket n.
2.
KT
nang
• Tilt cong
thiic
ca'u tao bie't
-goi
t6n va
ngubc
lai
t& t6n
goi viet dugc cong
thiic call tao nhung anken
dom
gian,
• Viet
ddng
phan hinh hoc va dong phan ca'u tao ciia anken.
B. CHUAN
B!
COA
GV VA HS
• GV: - May
tinh,
may chie'u, cac phie'u hoc tap.
- Mo
hinh

phan
til
etilen, dong phan cis-trans ciia but-2-en.
• HS: On tap kie'n thiic bai ankan va xem tru6c bai anken.
C. TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC
Hoat dong cua GV
Hoat dong cua HS
I- DONG DANG VA DANH PHAP
Hogt dpng
1
1.
Day dong
ddng
vd ten thong thudng cua anken
GV chie'u mo hmh
phan tit
cua etilen
len
man hinh cho HS quan sat:
a) b)
yeu
c5u
HS thao luan
vi
cac va'n de sau:
- Vie't CTCT cac cha't tie'p theo la dong
dang cua
C2H4.
-
Lap cdng

thiic
chung day ddng dang
cua etilen.
- Phan
tich
ca'u tao cua etilen tii do
neu
dinh nghia day dong dang cua etilen.
GV yeu ciu HS neu
each ggi
ten thong
thucfng
cua cac ankan sau?
CH3-CH2-CH3, CH3-
CH2-CH2-CH3,
CH3—CH—CH3,
CH3
GV bo sung:
- Ten thong
thu5ng
ciia mdt sd anken
don gian la'y tii ten ankan tuong
iing
nhung
doi
dudi
an thanh dudi Hen.
HS quan sat va thao luan.
- Cdng thiic phan
tit

ciia mot sd ddng
dang cua etilen:
C3H6,
C4H8,
C5H10
- Tii
C2H4
theo khai niem ddng dang.
QH4(CHA ^Q.kH4.k dat2+k =
n
thi-> C„H,„
(n>2).
- Etilen cau tao cd
jndt
lien ke't doi'
(gdm mdt lien ke't
CT
ben
vfing
va mdt
lien ke't
71
kem ben), vay:
Anken
Id
hidrocacbon khong no mach
hd trong phdn tit co mot lien kit dqi.
HS ggi ten.
CHi—CHo—CH-i
propan

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
butan
CH3—CH—CH3
isobutan
CH,
-
cin
them vi trf cua
lien
ke't d6i
6
trudc ten ggi.
- Vi trf
lien
ke't ddi tren nguyen tii cacbon
thii
1,2,
tuong
iing
ggi la a, p
GV yeu
ciu
HS ggi ten thdng thucmg
cac anken
CO
cdng thiic sau:
CH2= CH—CH3
GH2=CH—CH2—CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=C — CH3

CH3
GV bd sung ten ggi cua mot sd gd'c cua
anken:
CH2=CH-
gdc vinyl
CH2=CH-CH2-
gd'c
anlyl
HS ggi ten:
CH2—CH—CH3
CH2=CH—CH2—CH3
GH3-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=C—
CH3
CH,
propilen
a-butilen
P-butilen
isobutilen
Hoqt
dong 2
2.
Ten thay the
GV chie'u len man hinh ten ggi cua mdt
sd anken don
gian.
CTCT
CH2—
CH2
CH2= CH—CH3

CH2=CH—CH2—CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
CHj^C — CH3
; CH3
T&n
ggi
eten
propen
but-1-en
but-2-en
2-metylpropen
Yeu cau HS nhan xet rut ra quy luat ggi
ten cac anken theo ten thay the'.
GV hudng
din
HS chgn mach
chinh,
each
danh sd rnach C.
HS quan sat va thao luan.
Quy
luat
ggi ten:
Sd chi vi
tri
nhanh
- ten nhanh
Ten
chinh
mach

sd chi vi
tri
nguyen
tit
C
diu
tien
chiia lien
k^t
ddi - en
GV yeu
ciu
HS ggi ten cac anken sau
theo ten thay the:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-
CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH2=C —CH2—CH3 1
CH,
CH2=CH
CH,
-CH,
- Mach chinh la mach chiia lien ke't
ddi,
dai nha't va cho nhieu nhanh nha't.
- Danh sd C mach chinh bat
diu
tiit
phfa
gin

lien ket doi hon.
HS ggi ten:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 pent-1-en
CH3-CH=CH^CH2-CH3
pent-2-en
CH2=C
- CH2-CH3
2-metylbut-l-en
CH3
CH2=CH-qH-CH3
3-metylbut-l-en
CH,
11.
CAU TRUG VA DONG PHAN
Hoqt
dqng 3
/.
Cdu trdc
GV
chie'u
len man hinh cau
true
ciia
etilen.
a)
b)
GV
yeu ciu
HS thao luan cac
vah

de sau:
- Trang thai lai hoa cua nguyen
ti
C.
- Cau tao cua lien ket ddi.
- Vi trf
tuofng
ddi cua cac nguydn
tit.
Goc lien ket
HCC,HCH.
HS quan sat.
HS thao
luln
va tra
Idi:
- Nguyen
t&
cacbon ndi doi
b
trang
thai lai hda
sp^
(lai hoa tam giac).
- Lien ke't doi gdm 1 lidn ket
CT
(ben
viing) va 1 lien ke't
71
(kem ben).

- Hai nguyen
tit
C va bdn nguyen
tit
H
deu nam tren
cjing rhgt
mat
phang.
- Gdc lien ke't HCH va
HCC gin
bang
nhau va bang 120°
- Kha nang quay cua cac nguyen tur
quanh
true
lien ke't d6i.
- Hai nguyen
tix
C khong the quay tu
do quanh
true
lien ke't
C=C
(do can
trd bdi lien ket
TI).
GV yeu cau HS:
- Neu khai
nidm

ddng phan.
- Dua theo cdng thiic cau tao thi anken
dugc chia thanh nhung loai ddng phan
nao?
'
- Viet cac ddng phan ca'u tao va ggi ten
anken cd cong thiic phan tir
CsH^.
Hoqt dqng
4
2.
Dong
phdn
>
a)
Dong
phdn cdu tao
HS thao luan va tra
Idi:
- Ddng phan la
nhihig
hgp
chit
khac nhau nhung cd ciing cong thiic
phin
tit.
- Dua theo
cdng
thiic
ciu

tao dugc
phan
lam
2 nhdm:
- Ddng phan mach C.
- Ddng phan vi trf lien ket doi.
HS
viet
ddng
phan cua
CjHigVa
ggi ten:
CH2^CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
pent-l-en'
CH3-CH
=CH-CH2-CH3
pent-2-en
CH2=CH-CH-CH3
3-metylbut-l-en
CH3
CH3 -CH2-(p=CH2
2-metylbut-l-en
CH3
CH3
-CH
=(p-CH3
2-metylbut-2-en
CH,
h) Dong
phdn hinh hgc

GV chie'u md hinh phan tii dpng phan
cis
^trans
cua but-2-en len
than
hinh.
OH
^O
1.
UPC
cis-but-2-en
HS quan sat va thao luan.
H
'«
'. •
H
•-106V
I'C
trsns-but-2-en
GV neu
vlti
de: nhu
vly
but-2-en cd ddng
phan cis va ddng phan trans vay
di^u
kien
nao de cd ddng phan cis-trans?
GV hudfng
din,

dieu khien HS giai
quye't van de.

Ca'u tnic ciia lien ket ddi C=C.
- Ca'u triic khong gian cua lien ket
doi
C=C,
su phan bd cua cac lien ke't don
quanh C cd ndi doi.
Yeu
ciu
HS
riit
ra dieu kien de cd ddng
phan cis-trans
va
khai niem
ve
ddng
phan hinh hgc (cis- trans).
Viet ddng phan hinh hgc ciia pent-2-en.
HS tham gia giai
quyd't vlh
de:
- Lien ke't ddi gdm 1 lien ke't a va 1
lien ke't
7t.
- Cac nguyen
txx
xung

quanh
lien ket
ddi
C=C
nam trdn mdt mat phang nen
khdng the quay dugc quanh
true
lien ke't.
- Cd
th^
neu
so dd sau de giai thfch.
R,
R,
C =
C.
R,
R4
Dieu kien:
Rl+R2 R3 + R4
+ Dong phdn cis: khi mach chfnh
nim
ciing mot phfa ciia lien ket C= C.
+ Dong phdn trans: Khi mach chinh
nam 6
phfa khac nhau cua lien ket C= C.
HS
vidt
ddng phan hinh hgc pent-2-en.
H

HsC^
H
/QH5
'^
H
U,Cs
H
/
C = C
\
C2H5
c/5-pent-2-en
Hoqt dqng 5
CONG
CO
BAI
VA
BAI
TAP VE NHA
trans-pent-2-en
1.
Cung co' bai:
GV khac sau mot sd kien thiic cho HS ve:
8
- Cong thiic
chung
cua anken.
- Cau tao ciia
lien^ke't
doi.

- Quy tac ggi ten anken.
-
Cac loai ddng phan cua anken.
GV chie'u mot so bai tap sau len man hinh cho HS thao luln:
1.
Ggi ten anken sau:
CJH3
CH,— C
— CH^-C =
CH—CH,
CH,
QH5
A. 3-etyl-5,5-dimetylhex-2-en
C. 3-etyl-5,5-dimetylhex-3-en
2.
Cho 3 hidrocacbon sau:
CH3 —CH2—C—CH2
CH,
(1)
B.
2,2-dimetyl-5-etylhex-4-en
D.
4-dimetyl-2,2-dimetylhex-4-en
Ddp dn A.
CH3 —CH2—C—CH—CH3
CH,
CH3
—CH2—C—CH—CH3
QH5
(2)

(3)
Hidrocacbon nao cho ddng phan cis-trans?
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2 C.
1,3
D. 2, 3
Ddp an
B.
3.
Trong phan tii cac anken, theo chieu tang so nguyen tit cacbon,
phin
tram
khdi lugng ciia cacbon:
A. Tang
din
B. Giam dan
C. Khong ddi D. Bie'n ddi khong theo quy lull.
Ddp dn C.
2.
Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK).
D.
HUdNG
DAN
GIAI
BAI TAP SGK
1-
a)S;
b)S; c) D;
2.
Cong thiic
phin

tii
C„H2„
(n > 2)
Cong thiic cau tao chung:
R'R^C=CR^R\
Diing bang sau de so sanh:
d)D.
Thanh
phin
Cau tao
Ankan
Chiia C va H.
-
Mach hd.
-
Trong phan
tit
chi cd, lien ket
don.
Anken
Chiia C va H.
-
Mach
hd.
—
Trong phan tix cd
mdt lidn ket d6i
C=C.
Xicloankan
Chiia C va H.

-
Mach vdng.
-
Trong phan tur
chi
cd lien ket
don.
3.
a)
CH3 -CH2-CH=CH-CH3
b)
CH3
-CH2-PCH2
CH3
c)
CH3
-CH2-CH=C-CH3
CH3
d)
CH2=([:-CH3
CH3
e) CH3
-CH2-CH2-p=CH-CH3
CH3
g)
cH3-p(;:-CH3
CH3 CH3
4.
a) Xiclobutan la
ddng

phan cua buten, thuoc loai ddng phan
ciu
tao (khac
nhau ve ban chat nhdm chiic).
b) Thf du fciing sd nguyen
tit
C la 4,
G4H10
cd hai ddng phan
nhu^g
C4H8
cd ba
ddng phan
ciu
tao, trong dd cd mot ddng phan
ciu
tao cd ddng phan hinh hgc:
C4H,o:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-(pH-CH3
CH,
10
C4H8:
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
CH3 -
C=CH2
I
CH
3.
H3Cs^

/H3
H3C^
/H
H^
H
H ^CH3
5.
a) But-2-en cd
ddng
phan hinh hgc cis va trans con
but-1-en
thi
khSng
cd, do
ciu
tap
cua but-2-en
thoa man hai dieu kien:
- Cd chiia lidn ket doi C=C.
- Mdi nguyen
tit
C rnang lien ke't ddi dfnh vdi hai nhdm nguydn tur khac nhau.
b) 6 penten ddng phan lai:
A:
CH3-CHi-CH=CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH3
pent-2-en
pent-l-en
B:
CH3 -CH2-(^=CH2 CH3 -(f:H-CH=CH2 CH3-(j:=CH-CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3

2-metylbut-l-en 3-metylbut-l-en 2-metylbut-2-en
C:
H3C^
/C2H,
H3C^
/H
.
H^
,
H
H^
^C2H3
cz5-pent-2-en fra«5-pent-2-en
Cac chat d day A (mach khong nhanh) va day B (mach cd nhanh) la ddng
phan mach C ciia nhau. Hai chat trong day A cung nhu trong day B la ddrig
phan vi
tri
nhdm chiic. Hai chat trong day C la ddng phan hinh hgc.
11
BAI
40
ANKEN
TINH CHAT, DIEU CHE VA LfNG DUNG
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC
1.
Kien
thCfc
HS bie't:
• Quy luat bien ddi nhiet do ndng chay, nhiet do sdi ciia anken.
• Tfnh chat hoa hgc dac tnmg ciia anken la phan

iing
c6ng,
dieu che' va
mot
sd ling dung cua anken.
• Cach phan biet ankan vdi anken bang
phuong
phap hoa hgc.
HShieu:
• Nguyen nhan gay ra phan
iing
cgng, phan ling trung hgp, phan
iing
oxi hoa
khong hoan toan la do
ciu
tao cua phan tur
anken
cd lien ke't
TI.
• Co
che'
cgng axit vao anken, ndi dung quy
tic
Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p.
2.
KT
nang
• Giai bai tap lien quan de'n anken.
• Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa tfnh chat hoa hgc

cua
anken.
3. Tinh cam, thai do
Anken va san
pham
triing hop cd nhieu
iing
dung trong ddi sdng san
xul't.
Vi
vay, giiip HS
tlil'y dugc tim quari trgng
cua viec nghien
ciiu
anken.
B. CHUAN
B!
CUA GV VA
HS
• GV: - May tfnh, may chie'u, cac phieu hgc tap.
- Hoa chat: Nudc brom,
H2SO4
jj^,
etanol,
thudc tfm.
- Dung cu: Ong nghiem,
niit
cao su cd
gin
dng

dlji
khf, kep dng
nghiem, den
edn,
bg gia thf nghiern.
• HS: On tap kien thiic bai ankan va xem trudc bai anken.
12
C.
TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC
Hoat dong cua GV Hoat ddng cua HS
Hoqt dqng 1
Kiem tra bdi
cu,
GV chie'u hai bai tap len man hinh
yeu
ciu
HS thao luln.
1.
Neu dieu kien de cd ddng phan cis-
trans. Cho vf du minh hoa?
2.
Anken cd cong thiic
CH3-9 =CH-CH2-CH3
CH3
Ten thay
the'
cua anken la:
A. 3-metylpent-3-en
B.
2-metylpent-2-en

C. 2-metylpent-3-en
D.
3-etylbut-2-en
GV nhan xet ke't qua bai lam ciia 2
HS
d^
cho HS khac nit kinh nghiem.
HS 1: Diing
sodd
sau:
R.
C
=
R,
^
R,
R4
Dieu kien: R,
+ Rj R3
+
R4
+ Ddng phan cis: Khi mach chfnh
nim
ciing mdt phfa cua lien ke't C=
C.
+ Ddng phan trans: Khi mach chinh nam b
phfa khac nhau cua Hen ket
C=
C.
Vf du:

H3C\
/CH3
H3C\
/H
c=c c=c
c/5-but-2-en
trans-h\it-2-&n
HS 2 chgn dap an diing.
Dap an B.
13
I. TINH CHAT VAT Lf
Hoqt dqng 2
/.
Nhiet do sdi, nhiet do nong chay vd khdi luong rieng
GV
chie'u
Jai bang 6.1 len man hinh
cho HS quan sat, yeu cau HS nhan xet
quy luat bie'n ddi cac tfnh
chit
sau
cua anken:
- Trang thai.
- Nhiet do sdi.
- Nhiet do ndng chay.
- Khdi lugng rieng.
GV yeu
ciu
HS nghien
ciiu SGK va

nhan xet vd tfnh tan va mau sac cua
anken.
HS thao
luain lin
lugt
tra Idi
cac
cau
hoi
ciia GV, rut ra nhan xet:
- Trang thai:
+ 3 anken dau la chat khf.
+ Cac anken khac la
chit
long hoac
rSn.
-
t°nc,
t^s
va khdi lugng
ridng
tang theo
chieu tang ciia phan
tit
khd'i.
- Anken nhe hon nudc.
2.
Tinh tan vd mdu sac
HS nghien
ciiu

SGK va tra
Idi:
- Anken hoa tan tdt trong
diu
md,
hlu
nhu khong tan trong nudc.
- Anken la nhirng
chit
khong mau.
II.
TINH CHAT HOA HOC
GV yeu c|u HS rut ra nhung nhan xet
chung ve mdi quan he giiia dac diem
ciu
tao va tfnh
chit
ciia anken.
GV yeu
ciu
HS:
-
Nhic
lai khai niem phan
iing
cgng
Hoqt dqng 3
HS dac diem
cl'u
tao cua anken: cd mdt

lidn ke't doi (mot lien ke't a ben vung va
mot lien ke't
Tt
kem ben).
- Lien ke't doi du doan la trung
tim
phan
ung.
- Phan
ung
pha
v&lien
ke't
%
kem ben.
Cgng
hidro
HS thao luan.
- Phan ung cong la phan ling trong
do phan tur hgp cha't
hiiu
co ket hop
vdi phan tii khac tao thanh phan tii
14
- Neu
didu
kien de xay ra
phan iing
c6ng H2
vao anken, vie't

phuong
trinh
hoa hgc giua etilen va
H2.
C„H
n^'^Zn
+
H2
- Vie't phuong trinh hoa
hgc
tong
quat anken cgng
H2.
- San phim phan ung cdng hidro vao
anken la gi?
2.
Cgng
halogen
hap chat md'i.
- Khi
CO xiic
tac Ni va dun nong.
Phuang
trinh
hoa hoc:
CH2 = CH2
+
H2 —^
CH3-CH3
Phuong trinh hoa hgc tdng

quit:
-^C„H
•n^^2n+2
(San
phim
thu dugc la ankan)
GV lam thf nghiem :
Din
tiir
tit
khf etilen (tiir
tiii
dung khi)
vao dung dich brom, yeu
ciu
HS quan
sat giai thfch hien tugng
bing
phuong
trinh
hoa hgc.
GV hirdng
din
HS giai thfch
hien
tugng.
GV yeu
ciu
HS neu ung dung ciia
phan ling anken vdi brom.

GV hudng din
HS
nghien
ciiu
thf
rtghieni hinh 6:3 trong SGK, yeu cau
HS:
- Rut ra ke't luln.
- Vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc giQa
etilen vdi
CI2.
- Vie't phuong trinh tong quat giua
HS quan sat va thao luan.
- Tha'y dung dich brom (mau
nau
do) bi
nhat
din,
chiing td ndng do
Br2
giam.
- Giai thfch: Do brorh
tin
cdng vao
Jien
ke't doi pha vo lien ke't n.
- Phuong trinh hoa hgc.
CH2=CH2
+
Br2(dd) •CH2Br-CH2Br

1,2-dibrometan
Ung dung: De phan biet anken vdi ankan
do ankari kh6ng lam mat mau dung dich
brom b dieu kien thudng.
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK.
-
Kd^t
luan etilen cdng clo tao thanh chat
long
dang
diu,
kh6ng tan trong nudc, ap
suit
trong dng nghiem
giam
lam cho
nudc ding
len.
- Vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc.
—^ CH2CI-CH2CI
1,2-dicloetan
CH2=CH2 + C1
- Phuong trinh tdng
quit:
15
anken vdi halogen, san
ph^m
tao

thanh la gi?
C„H2„
+
X2 ^ C„H2„X2
- San
phim
tao thanh la
din xult
dihalogen.
3.
Cgng HX (X la OH, Cl, Br )
a) Cong axit
GV ggi y de HS vie't phuong trinh hoa
hgc cua anken vdi hidrohalogenua
(HCl, HBr, HI), axit
H2SO4
dam dac.
GV chie'u so dd chung axit cgng vao
anken len man hinh cho HS quan sat:
\=C
+ H-A
I I
H A
/7^
I I
V< +
H^A-3^
-p^
(1)
/

V^''
I
I
H A
(2)
Yeu
ciu
HS nhan xet ve:
- Phan ling xay ra qua bao nhieu giai
doan.
- Kieu phan cat phan
tit
H-A.
- Do ben ciia cacbotion trung gian.
-
Phin
tii nao
tin
cong vao ndi doi
trudc.
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc:
CH2-CH2
+ HBr
-> CH3-CH2-Br
etyl
bromua
CH2=CH2 + HC1 -^ CH3-CH2-CI
etyl clorua
CH2=CH2
+

H2SO4 -^
CH3-CH2-OSO3H
etyl hidrosunfat
HS quan sat, phan tfch va tra
Idi.
- Phan ling xay ra qua 2 giai doan.
- Phan tur H-A bi phan cat
ki^u
di li.
- Cacbocation la tieu phan trung gian
kh6ng ben.
-
Phin
mang dien tfch duong
tin
cdng
trudc.
b)
Cgng
nudc (phdn
iing
hidrat hod)
GV ggi y HS viet phuong
trinh
hoa | HS:
6
dieu kien thich hop (cd
H^
xiic
tac va

16
hgc cua phan
iing
etilen
c6ng
nudc.
dun ndng), anken cd the cgng nudc.
^^^CH3-CH2-OH
etanol
CH,=CH,+H,0
c) Hudng cua phdn
iing
cgng axit
vd nUdc
vdo anken
GV vie't so dd phan
iing
cgng cua
propen
vdi
HCl.
1-CH3—CH2—CH2—Cl
1-
clopropan
HS quan sat, thao
lUIn
va tra
Idi.
CH,-CH=CH,+
'-€H3-(J:H-CH3

Cl
2-
clopropan
GV yeu
ciu
HS
nhin
xet san
phim
chfnh va san pham phu tiir do
riit
ra
quy tac
Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p.
GV hudng
din
HS
riit
ra quy tac
Mac-cop-
nhi-c6p.
GV yeu
ciu
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa
hgc cua isobutilen vdi
H2O.
GV chie'u len man hinh
m6t
bai tap
trac nghiem nhu sau:

Trudng hgp nao diing cho quy tac
Phan ling giua propilen vdi HBr chp 2
san
phim:
1-
clopropan la san
phim
phu.
2-
clopropan la san phim. chinh.
Quy tac Mac-cop-nhi-cdp:
Trong
phdn iing
vdi cgng HA hoac nudc vdo lien kit doi,
nguyen tic H (hay phdn mang dien tich
duong) uu tien cgng vdo
nguyen
tit C bdc
thap hon (cacbon cd nhieu hidro
hen),
con
A (phdn mang dien tich dm) Uu tien cgng
vdo nguyen
tii:
C bqc cao hon (cacbon co it
hidrO
hon).
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc.
CH3-C=CH2+ H2e
CH

CH3-PH-CH2-OH
CH
3 san pham phu
OH
*•
CH3—C—CH3
CH,
san
phSm
chfnh
HS thao luln va chon.
2-TKBGHH11NCT2
17
Mac-cop-nhi-cdp.
A. Anken
bit
dd'i xung
c6ng
vdi
X2.
B.
Anken ddi xiing cgng vdi HX.
C. Anken
bit
ddi xiing
c6ng
vdi HX.
D.
Anken ddi xiing cgng vdi
X2.

GV yeu
ciu
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK rdi
tra
Idi
cac
cau
hdi sau:
- Vie't phuong trinh phan
iing
triing
hgp etilen.
- Neu y nghia ciia cac dai lugng.
- Tiir dd
riit
ra khai niem phan
iing
trung hop,
each
ggi ten.
Dap an C.
Hoqt dqng 4
4. Phdn dng trung hqp
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK va thao luan
- Tuong tu yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh
triing hgp cua propilen va but-2-en.

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc.
n
CH2
=
CH2 ^^
(-CH2-CH2-)„
etileii
polietilen
-
CH2 =
CH2:
ggi la monome.
n: la he sd trung hgp (thudng
liy
gia tri
trung binh).
- Phan ling triing hgp la qua trinh
c6ng
hgp lien
tiep nhidu
phan tur nhd gid'ng
nhau hoac tuong tu nhau tao thanh
nhung phan
tit rit
ldn (ggi la polime).
- Ten polime = poll + tdn monome.
- Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
nCH3-CH=CH2 -^^ (-(^H-CH^-)^
CH3
polipropilen

^
(-9H-9H-)„
CH3
CH3
polibutilen
propilen
nCH,-CH=CH-CH,
18
Hoqt dqng 5
5.
Phdn dng oxi hod
a) Phdn ifng oxi
hod
hoan todn
GV lam thf nghiem ddt chay etilen
trong khong khf yeu
ciu HS
nhan xet:
- Mau nggn
lia.
- San
phim
tao thanh.
-Viet phuong trinh phan
iing
chay
cua etilen.
- Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc chay
tdng
quit

cua anken.
-Tile n„^o
va
n™
HS quan sat thf nghiem va nhan xet.
- Nggn
lia
khdng mau, sang xanh.
- San
ph^m
khf, kh6ng miii.
- Phuong trinh chay.
2C2H4
+
5O2 ^ 4CO2
+
4H2O
> 2nC02
+
2nH20
C„H2„
+
3n02
Ti le
n
CO,
'H,0
= 1:1
b) Phdn
icng

oxi hod khong hodn todn
GV lam thf nghiem:
Sue
khf etilen
vao dung dich
KMn04 (1)
yeu
ciu
HS:
- Neu hien tugng.
- Giai thfch.
- Ung dung cua phan
iing.
GV tuong tur yeu
ciu
HS vie't phuong
trinh hoa
hgc
cua anken vdi dung
dich
KMn04.
GV: Ggi y HS viet phuong trinh hoa
hgc tdng quat.
HS quan sat thi nghiem.
Hien tuqng: Dung dich
KMn04
mau tfm
bi nhat
din,
cd ket tua

nau
den xult
hien.
Gidi thich:
- Etilen phan
iing
vdi
dung
dich
KMn04
lam cho ndng do
KMn04
giam
nen
mau
tfm nhat
din,
sinh ra
Mn02
ke't tua mau
nlu den.
3CH2=CH2
+
4H2O
+
2KMn04 -^
3CH2
-
CH2
+

2Mn02-l
+ 2K0H
I
2
I
2 2
OH OH
-
LSig
dung de
phin
biet anken vdi
ankan.
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc tdng
quit.
3C„H2„
+
4H2O
+
2KMn04 -^
3C„H2„(OH)2
+
2Mn02i
+ 2K0H
19
DIEU CHE
vA UNG
DUNG
Hoqt
dqng 6

1.
Dieu che
+ Trong phdng thf nghiem:
GV gidi thieu: Etilen dugc dieu che'
tur etanol theo phuong trinh hoa hgc:
C2H5OH
H2SO4 dac
no°c
> C2H4 + H2O
Phuong phap dieu che' nay thudng
lin
cac khf nhu
CO2,
SOj.
Vay dung
each
nao de loai bo
SO2,
CO2,
tiit dd yeu
cau HS trinh bay
each
lap rap bg
diing cu dieu che'
C2H4
sach.
+ Trong cdng nghiep:
GV yeu
ciu
HS neu phuong phap

dieu che' anken
trong
cong nghiep va
vie't
phucmg
trinh hoa hgc minh hoa.
HS thao luln.
-
SO2,
CO2
la oxit axit nen diing mdt
bazo manh nhu dung dich NaOH.
-
Hdn hgp khf trudc khi thu
din
qua
binh dung dung dich NaOH.
HS thao luan
each
lip
dung cu dugc lap
nhu hinh sau:
HS trong cong nghiep anken dugc dieu
che'
ixt
ankan bang phugng phap.
-
De hidro hoa ankan:
QH
2n

+
2
1".P
-
Crackinh ankan
->
C
H,„
+ H
2n
^n
H2n
+
2
lO^.p > CpHjp+z
+
C„H2„
2.
lfng dung
GV:
Smi
tip
miu
vat, tranh anh,
m6t
sd ung dung co ban ciia anken. Chieu
HS thao luan nhung
iing
dung chfnh ciia
anken:

20
len
man hinh cho HS quan sat (hoac
cho HS nghien
ciiu
SGK).
Yeu
ciu
HS khai
quit
hoa
iing
dung
cua anken, viet phuong trinh hoa hgc
minh hoa (ne'u cd).
- Nguyen lieu cho tdng hgp hoa hgc.
Vf du: axit
hiiu
co, keo
din
Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
2CH2=CH2
+
O2
Ag,t°
-^ 2CH2 — CH2
Hoqt
CLING CO
BAI
-

1.
Ciing cd bai
GV nhac lai cac
ndi
dung
pin nim
vQng
cho HS:
- Tfnh chat vat
If
cua anken.
- Phan ling cdng
H2, X2,
HA va quy
tic
cgng Mac-cdp-nhi-cop.
- Phan ling triing hgp va oxi hoa.
GV chie'u len man hinh cac bai tap
sau de
luygn
tip.
L Khi
c6ng
HBr Vao hdn hgp cac
ddng phan mach hd
C4H8
thi thu dugc
tdi da bao nhieu san phim.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
2.

De nhan bie't
CH4
va
C2H4
ta dung
dung dich nao sau day:
A. NaOH C. HCl
B.KMn04
D.CUSO4
-
Tdng hgp polime. vf du
nCH2=CH2 -^
(-CH2-CH2-)„
-Lam dung mdi
dqng 7
-BAITAPVENHA
HS thao luan.
Dap dn
C.
HS thao luan.
Ddp dn B.
2.
Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9,10
(SGK)
21
D.
HU6NG
DAN
GIAI BAI TAP SGK

1-
a)D; b)D; c)
S;
d) D.
2.
Anken boat ddng hoa hgc hon ban ankan la do trong phan
tit
cd chiia lien ket
T:,
day la nhiing lien ke't kem ben nen cd kha nang phan
iing
de dang hon.
Cac phuong trinh hoa hgc:
a)
CH3
- CH
=CH2
+
Br2 ^"'
> CH3
-CHBr-CH2Br
b)
CH3-CH=CH2
+ HI
^
CH3-CHI-CH3
c)
CH3-CH=CH2
+
H2SO4

(dac)
-^ CH,-pi-CHj
H*,t°
OSO3H
->
CH,-CHOH-CH,
d)
CH3-CH=CH2
+
H2O
e)
3CH3-CH<H2
+
2KMn04 + 4H2O -^ 3CH3-CHOH-CH2OH
+
2KOH +2Mn02
g)
nCH3-CH=CH2
' .p
f-CH-CH,
I
'
CH,
J
3.
b) Triing hgp isobutilen
nCH,=
CH,
-CH,
t".p

CH
I
-CH-C-
I
CH
V
1
Vdi n = 15.000 thi PTK trung binh cua polime la : 15.000 x
56 =
840000
4.
Dat cong thiic phan
tit
olefin dd la
C„H2„.
Phuong trinh hoa hgc cua phan ung
vdi
hidro:C„H2„
+
H2
Ni°,l°
•> C„H2„ + 2
0,02
<-^iil^
=
o,02
22,4
Phuong trinh hoa hgc ciia phan
iing
vdi brom:

C„H2„ + Br2 ^ C„H2„Br2
0,02 0,02
vay
ta cd: (14n + 160) x 0,02 = 4,32
=>
n
=
4. Cong thiic phan tur la
C4Hg.
Vi ankan thu duoc la mach nhanh, do dd CTCT cua olefin la:
CH,=C-CH,
CH3
(2-metylpropen)
22
A, :
CH2=C-CH2-CH3
CH3
A2:
CH3-
C=CH-CH3
CH3
A3:
CH3-CH-CH=CH2
CH,
: 2-metylbut-l-en
: 2-metylbut-2-en
: 3-metylbut-l-en
Al,
A2
va

A3
ciing mach C
nhu
nhau (khi hidro hoa ra cung mdt ankan), chi
khac vi trf nhdm chiic (C=C). Chiing la ddng phan vi trf nhdm
chu:c.
6.
C„H2„+2 : a
(mol);
C„H2„:
a(mol).
- Sd mol
Br2
= 0,1 (mol), Sd mol
CO2
= 0,6 (mol)
C„H2„
+
Br2-> QH2„Br2
0,1
CnH2„+2
+
0,1
3n + l
0,1
C„H2„+yO
,0,1
O2 —^ nC02
+
(n+l)H20

0,ln
-> nC02
+
nHjO
0,ln
a) 0,ln + 0,ln =
0,6=^n
=
3
CTCT ciia ankan la
C3H8
(m = 44g/mol), CTCT :
CH3-CH2-CH3;
CTCT ciia ankan la
C3H6
(m
=
42g/mol), CTCT :
CH2=CH-CH3.
0,1,44 + 0,1.42
, , ,
,
^
. 43
, ,„
b)M,H= \ ,
,4.
=4,3g/mol->d,,/,,
=—=1,48
0,1 + 0,1

7.
Sd mol
Br2 =
= 0,05 (mol)
'
160
QH2„ + Br2^C„H2„Br2
29
0,05 0,05
MA
=
2,8
= 56
(g/mol)
0,05
vay
CTPT ciia A la :
C4H8
Cac cong thiic
ciu
tao:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3;
14n = 56
n = 4.
CH2=C-CH3;
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
CH,
23