Giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng thẩm định tài chính dự án đầu tư trong hoạt động cho vay tại ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần sài gòn hà nội chi nhánh bắc ninh

BO MAO DUC DAO TAO
TRUtING D4I HQC MANG LONG
—o0o
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
DE TAI
GIAI
PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LUCiNG
THAI
*
VI DINH TAI CHINN
DU'
AN DAU TU
.

TRONG HOST DQNG CHO VAY
TA!
NGAN HANG THU'ONG MAI CO PHAN
SAI GON - HA NO CM NHANH BAC
NINH

DAI
HOC
THiANG
#
1_0861
.
7111.1 V1p4
MA
SO:
Giao vien hurting
dan


: ThS Nge IChinh Huyen
Sinh vien time hien

: Lining Minh Phuung
MI sinh vial)

: A16313
Chuyen ngenh

: Nglin Hang
HA NQI -
2015
la
CAM
ON
Vai long biet an salt sic, em xin clan thenh cam on giao vien Ths. NO Khanii
Huyin di t$n tam huong den em de hoar thInh bIi ichert Itujn
tot
nghiep nay. Nhir so
chi bito vi huang din t$n tlnh curt c8 em dg nhln m duqc nhirmg hon the dm mirth di
kip Uteri stilt chart him hoan thin Idles luau mOt cach
tot that.
Em ding xin gtii 18i cam an chin thanh den can be than vien caa ngen hang
Thucmg mai
co
phin Sai Gen - Ha NOi chi nhanh Bic Ninh da nhiet tlnh gifip der va
to dieu kien cho em duqc thoc te#p toi day.
Cuii cling em xin chin that'll cam an din cac thiy co trong b0 mon Ngen Himg
truing Doi hoc Thiing Long da gin tlnh trig& dot kien thin cho em trong suit thin

gian hqc t$p tui twang.
Em xin chin thhnh aim an!.
Sith vien
_AL
Luang Minh Phuang
Thang Long University Library
LEI CAM DOAN
Em xin cam doan Khali
lukin tot ngbiep
nay la do to ban than thvc hien co sv h8
trq tir giao vien hirerng din vi khong sao chop cac cong trinh nghien ciru dui ngubi
khac. Cac du lieu thong tin dui cip sil dim; trong Khoo Mn IA co
nguOn
goic vi duqc
trich din re ring.
Em xin chju hoin tan trich nhiem ve lei cam doan nay!
Sinh vien
Luang Minh Phircmg
MVC LVC
DANH MVC CAC Ti! VIET TAT
DANH MVC SUDO, BANG BLEU
IA MO DAU
CRUC%NG 1. LY LIWI CHUNG VE CHAT WONG TRAM DINH TAI CHINH
DV' AN DAU TI! TRONG HOOT BONG CHO VAY CUA NGAN HANG
THUONG M.I.
1
1.1. Rout dung cho vay cis ngin Wang throng mai

1
1.1.1. Khii nifm cho vay cum ngin ding thirong msi.


1
1.1.2. Alc dam cda cho vay 41 ngin ping thurmg msi.

1
1.1.3. Vai trd cda host Ong cho vay.

2
1.1.3.1. Val trd doe vat nin kinh ti

2
1.1.3.2. Dei vai hoct ddng cita ngdn himg

4
1.1.3.3. Dili vol khdch hang.

4
1.2. Thim gab tai chinh dy in din tw trong boat dung cho vay cua ngin hing
throng

5
1.2.1. Khali nifm thim djnh tii chink dy in din fir

5
1.2.2. Myc dick vi
e
t Bella cda thim djnh Si chinh dg in din hr

5
1.2.3. Quy trinh thEm ?link dg in din to 41 ngin king thweng


6
1.2.4. NO dung cda thEm dinh Si chinh dir in au fir.

9
1.2.5. Host dung thEm dials tii chink dy in diu fir trong host Ong cho
vay cum ngin ping thurmg msi

9
1.2.5.1. Theim djnh
tAng
mac dau twva nguan tea try cho du an.

9
1.2.5.2. Thdm djnh doanh thu, chi phi ctia Mr dn.

10
1.2.5.3. Thim djnh tj, suit chili khAu "r" cid die an.

11
1.2.5.4. Therm djnh dong tan king tulm.

13
1.2.5.5. Tam djnh the chi lieu tai chink

14
1.2.5.6. Thdm djnh rcii ro die eh:.

16
1.2.5.7. Alm djnh kith ?tang trd nq mia dtr dn.


16
1.3. Chit Inwng thim djnh tii chinh dg in din hr bong host dung cho vay cilia
ngin tang thwong mai

17
Thang Long University Library
1.3.1. Khii niem chit &Ting thim djn6 tai chinh dg in diu tw.

17
1.3.2. Cic chi lieu phin inh chit lung thins dinh tali eighth dye in din
tir.

17
1.12.1. Thai gian thcim dinh.

17
1.3.2.2 Lqi nhu4n rang IV hag d(mg cho vay dir an

18
L12.3. Ng qua hqn va l'e nct qua 1km Iran Icing du nv cho vay dg an

19
1.3.3. Cic nhiin ti inh hitting din chit iwyng thin. djnh tii chinh dy
in
Au tw.

20
Nhan
td

cha quan.

20
1.13.2. Nhan Mulch quan.

23
CHITONG 2. TIII/C TWIG CHAT LU'QNG THAM DJMI TM CHINA DU AN
DAU TIT THONG 1104T HONG CHO VAY CiJA NGAN HANG THUONG
M4I CO PHAN Sil CON-HA NOI - CHI NHANH BAC NINTH. 25
2.1. Ting plan vi hold ding cis Ngin hAng throng mai co phin Ski Gin
-
Hi NOi - chi
nhinh Bic Ninh

25
2.1.1. Lich sfr hinh thinh vi plat
triin
cda Ngin hing thweng mpi
ci
phin 511 Gin - HI - chi Dinka Bic Ninh.

25
2.1.2. Ca ciu
ti
chic vi nhin sy.

28
2.1.3. Nhierng kith khan vi tin*, 10 cis Ngiin hang throng mpi
ci
phin

Sii Gin - Hi NQi - chi nhinh Bic Ninh.

29
2.1.4. Kith quit host Ong kink doanh cda Ngin hang throng
1110
ci
phin phin 511 Gin - Hi NOT - chi nhinh Bic Ninh

30
2.1.4.1. Hogt clang huy clang von.

30
2.1.4.2. Hogt dang cho vay vifn

32
2.1.4.3. Hogt dOng khac.

33
2.1.4.4. Kit qua hoat slang kink doanh.

35
2.2. Thor trong ho; t ding thin. djnh tki chinh dg In diu tar trong hoot ding
cho vay tsi Ngin hAng throng mpi phin phin Ski Gin - HI N¢i - chi
nhamh Bic Ninh 36
2.2.1. Quy trinh thing dinh tai chinh dy in din fir t9i Ngin tang
throng mpi ci phin phin Sii Gin - Hi N¢i - chi nhinh Bic
Ninh. 36
2.2.2. Nfi dung thim djnh tii chinh dy In diu tsr trong host Ong cho
vay cda Nein hong thwerng mpi
a

phin phin 511 G6n - Hi NO -
chi nhinh Bic Ninh. 38
2.2.2.1. min: djnh vi tong mac van ddu to vet cdc ngu
.
On tat try cling nhtt

phttang thew tai try.

39
2.2.2.2 Thdm djnh chi phi,Ivi nhuan va dong tiin aid At dn.

40
2.2.2.3. Xcic djnh IS) suit chat kW:it "r" coo die dn.

40

Thdm djnh ve hieu qud tai chinh va khti ndng trir no. &to dv an.

40
2.2.2.5. Thdm djnh khd ndng rut ro coa At dn.

41
2.2.3. Tinh hinh thim djnh Si chinh dy in diu tsr trong host Ong cho
vay tsi NOB Ming thwerng mpi
a
phin phin Sai Gbn - HI Nui -
chi nhinh Bic Ninh. 42
2.2.3.1. Giai thieu chung ve khdch hang

42

2.2.3.2. Thong tin vi quan he vii Sc to chtk tin dung va quan yeti SHB.

45
2.2.11 Dcinh giot phttang an kinh doanh.

45
22.3.4. Thdrn djnh tat chinh dean diu to

47
2.23.5. Thtim djnh Ted san dam ha°

55
2.2.3.6.
kiln di xutit coo phOng kluich hang doanh nghiep

56
2.2.4. Thyc trong cho vay dy in diu tsr tpi chi nhinh SIM Bic Ninh

57
2.3. Dinh gii vi chit Iwyng thim djnh tii chinh dv in diu tw tei Ngin hing

thuong mei
di
phin phin Ski Gin - Hi Nei - chi nhinh Bic Ninh

57
2.3.1. Nherng
kit
qui Jet dust.


57
2.3.2. Nhiing km chi

58
CHUONG 3. MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LONG THAM
DINH TAI CHI NH Dki AN DAU TIr T41 NGAN HANG THUONG MCI CO
PHAN SAIGON - HA NQI - CHI NHANH BAC NINH. 61
3.1. Djnh hiring cis ngin hing thwang mpi a phin Ski Gin - Hi NOi - chi
nhinh Bic Ninh

61
3.1.1. Djnh hiring chung.

61
3.1.2. Djnh haying
vi
hopt dung thint djnh tii chinh dy in diu tw.

61
Thang Long University Library
3.2. MOt st giii phi') nhim ning cao chit luvng thim dinh tki chinh dy in
din hr ugh hing throng mai ci phin Ski Gin — Hi NOl — chi nhinh
Bic Ninh 62
3.2.1. Gill phial)
vi
con fluid.

62
3.2.2. Gill phip vi phwung phip thim dinh


63
3.2.3. Gill phip
vi
gnu If, diiu birth

66
3.2.4. Gill phip tang twang thu th#p vi za• If thong tin

67
3.3. Kit Irvin clurcrng 3

68
!CET LU4N
PHV LVC
TAI
Lieu
THAM MIA°
DANH MVC
cAc Ti! WET TAT
Kt hien vitt tit

tan dity do
HDQT

Hen ding quail trj
IRR

TS
,
suit hoan yin nii bi

NHTM

Ngan hang thucmg mai
NH TMCP

Nglin hang thircng mai
co
phin
NI-INN

Ngan hang Nha nu&
NPV

Gia tri hitn di rang
Thang Long University Library
DAM! MtJC SO DO, BANG BLEU
So d6 2.1. Cos cau t6 chile va nhan so curt SHB chi nhanh Bic Ninh

28
Bang 2.1 Tong huy dung von tai SHB Bic Ninh

30
Bang 2.2. Co ciu huy dOng von ta
SHB Bac Ninh

31
Bang 2.3. Tinh hinh cho vay von tai
SHB Bic Ninh.

32

Bang 2.4. TS
,
le nq qua han Lai SHB Bic Ninh.

33
Bing 2.5. Cac hoot dOng khic tai
SHB chi SIAM Bic Ninh

33
Bang 2.6. Bari car) ket qua hoot dOng kinh doanh til
rdirn 2012 — 2014

35
Bing 2.7. Danh sich co doing sang
14 Cong ty CP QNK Bic Giang.

43
Bang 2.8. Nhem khich hang as lien quan.

44
Bang 2.9. Hien trong sir dong det cua do an.

47
Bang 2.10. Tong mix von diu to cna
dv an.

48
Bing 2.11. Doanh thu do kien ctia toan
b0 do an.


49
Bang 2.12. Chi phi do kien ctia Wan b0 do an

50
Bang 2.13. Lqi nhuon do kien caa than
b0 dv in

51
Bang 2.14. Deng
tien caa imbibe' do an.

52
Bang 2.15. Hieu qua tai chinh caa toan
bi) dv
an.

53
Bang 2.16. Ke hooch tra nq g6c vi
lai vay.

54
Bang 2.17. Ke hooch giii
ngAn vim vay nein hang

56
Bang 2.18. Ty le nq qua
han trong
cho vay
trung dii han
tai

SHB
Bic Ninh

57
la
M
O DAu
1.
Tinh cep thiet can di di.
Ngfin hang thuong mai di tan tai va phit trier hang tram, hang nghin nam nay
gin lien yeti sy phit trier kinh to hang Ma. Sy phit trier cis nem hang thuong mai dA
c6 tic dOng at lin va quan tong den s r phit then cda nen kinh to hang haa, nguqc lai
kinh to hang hem phit thin mph me den giai dogn cao nhit la kink to thj throng thl
ngan hang thuong mai ming theo di ma ngly cang hoan thien va fro than!, nhemg djnh
the tai chinh kh6ng the thieu cia mOt nen 'chili te.
Chic riling trung gian tai chinh duqc xem la chic ruing quan trong nhit cia ngfin
hang thuong mai. Khi thyc hien chic Wing trung gian tai chinh, ngiin hang thuong mai
ding vai trb la cau n6i giUa ngtroi thia van va ngubi c6 nhu au ve yin. Val chirc clang
nay, ngan hang thuong mai vira deng vai trb la riguili di vay, vira ding vai trb la ngtrbi
cho vay va Wong lqi nhufm la !chain chenh lech gifts lAi suit elm vay va lai suit nhlm
g6p phin tao lqi ich cho tit tit ck it them gia: ngtrbi giri tier va ngueri di vay
Tai ngan hang thuong mai, hot dOng cho vay la hoot dOng chtl yeu tao ra doanh
thu vi Iqi nhuk cho ngan hang, trong deo cho vay theo dy in diu to chiem mOt ty
Ig
khong the trong tong doanh so cho vay caa ngan hang. Tuy nhien trong thai
ky
hien
nay, khi ma tinh hinh kinh to the giii yin chug ducat in djnh keo theo rat ntiliu he lyy,
nhieu doanh nghiep da IA phi sin trong nhing am gin day din den Nganh ngan hang
cling khong the tranh khei nhing khe khan do nhing doanh nghi'ep khong du kha nang

de chi tra cho cac khoan vay. Chinh vi voy, de dam bao hog dOng kinh doanh edit
minh ngan hang an phiti nang cao chit Itrong thim dinh tai chinh dv in diu to de e6
the lya chon dirge dv in tat trinh xay ra rii ro gay thit thoit cho chinh minh.
XuAt phat tilt nhu ciu cap thiet tren kat hop vii qui frith hoc gip tpi tnri.mg
Dpi
hoc Than Long va qui trinh thyc t$p tai phang khich hang doanh nghiOp ngan hang
thuong mai c6 phin Sai Gen — Ha NOi — chi nhanh Bic Ninh em da chon de tai: "Giii
phip nang cao chit lugng thtun dinh tai chinh dv an diu to trong hog dOng cho vay
tpi
ngin hang thuong mai ci
s
, past Sai Gen — Ha NOi — chi nhinh Bic Ninh."
2.
Myc den nghien cfru.
Th8ng qua qui trinh nghien thu, khia lu#n t$p trung lam r6 ba myc tieu sau:
—
Mac tieu 1: Lam r8 co so 19 luon ve chit luong thim dinh tai chink dv in
du
to
trong hoat dung cho vay caa ngan hang thuong mai.
—
Myc tieu 2: Dinh gia chit lucmg thim (firth ill chinh dy An diu to trong hoot
Ong cho vay tai nein hang thuong
mai c6
phin Sai Gen — Ha NOi — chi nhinh
Thang Long University Library
Bic Ninh, tir d6 rat m &rot nhang him chi con
ten tai
tong cong tit thim
dinh tai chinh dg in diu to tai chi nhanh.

—
Mac tieu 3: Dtra ra Siang gill phap nhim ring cao chit luqng thim djnh di
chinh dg
an du to tat
ngiin hang thucmg mai c6 phan Sii Gen — Ha Not — chi
nhanh Bic Ninh.
3.
Doi tuvng nghien cam.
Den ttnyng nghien cum: Chit luqng tam dinh Si chinh cla
an du to
trong host
dOng cho vay tai nein hang thuong mai.
4.
Phpm vi nghien can.
Pham vi nghien dm: Chit luqng thim (firth di chinh dir an diu to tai ngan hang
thtrcmg mai
co
phan Sal Gen — HE NOi — chi nhanh Bic Ninh giai doan 2012 — 2014.
5.
Phirang phip nghien tint.
Cac plurang phap nghien thu sir clang trong khea lu#n bao
g6m:
—
Phtsang phap thong ke ma tci:
le phuong phap thu thop thong tin cling nhu so
lieu ve tinh hinh huy dOng vOn, cc cau huy dOng
win,
firth hinh cho vay vim,
firth hinh nq qua han, nq tau, tinh hlnh cho vay dir an
du to tai

ngiin hang
thuung mai
co
phan Ski Gen — HE NOi — chi SIAM Bic Ninh.
—
Phwang phtip so sank
la phuong phip sa clang nhang se) lieu thu th#p duqc de
so skill vai nhau nhim xac djnh duce mirc dO Bien dOng qua timg nam trong
giai doan 2012 - 2014. Qua de c6 the &rill gia ve chit lucmg them dinh tii
chinh dg an
du to trong hog
dung cho vay tai ngin hang thuong
mai co
phin
Ski Gen — Hi NOi — chi nhanh Bic Ninh.
—
Phuung phip pkin tick — tang hop:
la phuong phip
tong
hap vl phtin tich cac
thong tin,
s6
lieu thu th$p dirge nhim mac Bich hieu duqc nguyen nhan,
9
nghia dm mqi sa bien dOng caa that hlnh cho vay da An
du
to vi chit luqng
them dinh tai chinh du An
diu to tai
nein hang thuong mai

c6
phan Sai Gen —
Ha NOi — chi nhanh Bic Ninh. Tar do, dim ra gild phip nhim ning cao chit
luqng them djnh tai chinh dg An
du to tai
chi nhanh.
6. Kit can khda hien.
Ngoal lei ciun an, lei me
diu, muc
lac, danh mac cac bang bleu, danh mac cac
M viet
tit thi ket
du
ciut khea ligin bao gOm ba chuong nhu sau:
Chuang 1: Ljr luon chung ve chit luqng them djnh al chinh da an
du to
trong
host dOng cho vay cell ngan hang thuong mai.
Chung 2: 'flaw trang chit lung tam djnh di chinh du An tau tu trong hoat
dOng cho vay tai ngfin hang thuong mai
c6
phis SE Gen - HA Niji - chi nhanh Bic
Ninh.
Chung 3: MOt
s6
gill phap nhim Sing cao chit lugng thim djnh tli chinh du
An diu tu Mi ngan Ming thucmg mai
c$
phin Sal Gen - HA NOi - chi nhimh Bic Ninh.
Thang Long University Library

CHIYONG 1. Lir LUAN CHUNG VI CHAT LUONG THAM DINH TAI
CHINH DU AN RAU
TI!
TRONG HOST HONG CHO VAY
CI.JA NGAN HANG THUONG
1.1. Hoot dOog cho way ala agio hang thuong mot.
1.1.1. Mal :dem cho vay cats ngan hang throng mgt.
Quan he cho vay duqc hinh thanh va ra dei te rit lau. Cling yen su phat
trim cita
nen kinh
te
thi throng, ac hlnh thi c cho vay mei ngiy citing ceo trinh dt, cao han.
Trong thuc tier c6 rit nhieu hinh thirc cho vay,
m&i
mOt hlnh thee cho vay deu c6 dicta
hen kinh te
xA
hOi cu the, chung
t6n tni song
song va
b6
sung cho nhau, Clang gip vai
tr6 quan tang trong qua trinh phat trien call nen kinh
Trong cac hlnh thirc cho vay thi hinh thirc cho vay ngan hang deng vai quan
tang trong nen
kinh te,
n6 dap ling phin lon nhu au di vay cua cac ca nhan, doanh
nghiep vi cic
t6
chirc Utile trong nen kinh te. Hoot dung cho vay cling la ho$ dOng

kinh doanh chti yeu cua ngan hang throng mai. Lqi nhu
t
in tit hog dOng cho vay
thuong chiem phin 16n trong
t6ng lqi
nhuan ala ngan hang thuong moi.
Lujt
cic t6
chirc tin dung ban hanh nam 2010 guy djnh Khoin 16 Dieu 4 ve
viec cho vay dui vai khich hang tai ac
t6 chirc
tin dung thi: "
Cho vay la m tit hinh
thtic cap tin dyng, theo do ngan hang throng mgi giao cho khach hang mot khoan tan
di dyng vao mOt myc 'itch va mOt that gian Mat dinh theo them thuan voi nguyen
tdc co hoan Ira gdc va
1.1.2.
134c dam ctia cho vay tql nein hang throng myi.
- Tinh phap ly
cna
cho vay:
Hoat dOng cho vay pea ngan hang thuang mai (NHTM) dutic dua trot
' nguyen
tic hoan tra va sir tin Wang. Theo de ngtrei di vay se phii holm trit ca gee len lai khi
khoin vay den h?n thanh toan. Ngoiti ra trtrec khi cho vay, ngfin hang phiti c6 su tin
Wang del vii ngtrei di vay, tin ring hp se tri duqc nq cho ngan hang.
Trong quan he di vay, hieing c6 su vin dung cult quyen se httu ma chi eel RI van
dung cua quyen stl dung. Cu the b day, ngan hang chuyen
qui&
sir dung

vin ala
mirth
cho khach hang di vay trong mOt khoang thbi gian nhit djnh da them thu$n.
Kink yen quan he mua bin, gia ci ngang biing yen gad tri trao d6i, trong quan he
cho vay thi gia ci
duqc
hieu IA lai suit. Lai suit cao hay thip phtt thuOc vao thbi gian
dm khan vay. Khoin vay c6 thbi gian cing dii dieu nay d6ng nghia vii rid ro cing
cao thi lai suit alit khoan vay ring cao vi nguqc kti khoin vay c6 thin gian tang ngin
thi lai suit cult khoin vay ring thip.
1
— Phan loci cho vay:
Tuy
theo cat tieu thirc phan

khic nhau mrl hoot dOng cho vay cua NHTM duqc
phan ra khic nhau.
+
Phan loci theo dii tuqng khich hung bao gem: chlnh phtl; the to chile Si
chinh khic nhir: Ngan hing, ding ty tii chinh, ; doanh nghiep; ci nhin.
+
Phan

theo thin hon khoin vay: ngin hon; trim lion; dii hon.
+
Phan loci theo phuong thirc cho vay: thin chi; tirng lin; theo hon mile tin
dung; Juan chuyen; tri g6p;
+
Phan loci theo muc dich sir dung yin vay: diu Us; phim Ai sin xuit kinh
doanh; tieu dung.

+
Phan loci can al vao tai sin dim bio, the chip: c6
tai
sin dim bio, the
chip; khong c6 tii sin dim bio, the chip.
—
Quy trinh cho vay vi thu nq:
But 1: Huang din khich hang lam dui tue vay
But 2: Ngin hang den hinh xic time thong tin khich hang cung cap.
But 3: Ra guy& djnh cho vay.
But 4: Gill ngin.
But 5: Gil= sit thu nq vi thanh ly hqp deng cho vay.
—
Lai suit trong hqp ang cho vay theo thoa thu$n gifted khich hing vi ngan
hing cho vay (lai suit to djnh, Ili suit thi not ).
—
Cic khoin cho vay c6 ho#c khong o5 dim bio thy vio viec dal* gia vi xep
hang khich hang cut% ngfin hiing cho vay.
—
Khi ket that hqp demg khich hang c6 nhiem vu tri gee vi lai hotIc met at they
thu$n khic nen duqc nein hang cho vay chip thu$n. Tutting hqp khich &mg
kh8ng thuc hien duce hqp deng hay kh8ng c6 met dieu khoin nito khic thi Si
sin dim bio thut quyen guy& djnh ctia ngan hang cho vay.
1.1.3. Vai frit ail: hoot ding cho vay.
1.1.3.1. Val trb dli obi nin kink ti
—
Hoot dOng cho vay that diy qui trill tich to gip bung von thin rei trong
xa
hOi vi tieing cao hieu qui sfr dyng von.
Val chile Wing IA flung gian tai chink dimg gifts nguiri di giri lien vi nguiri vay

tien, nazi fling da glop t#p truing moi nguen tier nhin nit trong xi het thanh ngu6n
yin lam, qua d6 dieu tiet quan he cung — ciu ve lien to trong xa hOi, thea man tot nhu
2
Thang Long University Library
cau
cite khach hang. LI mOt don vi kinh doanh trong
Cush
voc den te vii moc dich lqi
nit*, the NHTM lutin tim catch de
t6i
da hem lqi nhufm cia minh. Lqi tic thu duerc
cis ngin hang dirge hinh thanh ter 'lilting hoot dung chtl yen cho vay vi cac hoot
dOng, djch vo khitc cilia ngin hang. Trong d6 thu tir hoot dung cho vay la chit
yeu.
Vey
cac ngin hang phii ay
von
6 diu de cho vay? Phil chang la vOn to cet cim ngfin Wing.
Cau tra lbi 6 day 11 the ngin hang phil di huy dOng
vOn nhan r8i tir cac t6
chirc kinh
ti, ca than vi the tang 15p din cu trong nen kinh
te
sau de phan ph6i loi mOt catch hqp
ljt. Chin!' nh6 c6 hoot dOng cho vay ctla ngin hing ma the chit the trong nen kinh
to
"thus
von"
c6 as hOi lcheing nhemg bito
ton

than nit
s6 hen
cim minh ma can c6 the
tilt@ them mOt plan thu nhtp, can d6i vii cac chit the
“thieu von",
hoot dOng nay gitlp
he c6 di von cho hoot dOng sin xuat Unit doanh ho#c dip ling nhu cau diti
song.
— Hoot
dung cho vay g6p plan day nhanh qui tranh di sin xuat mer rung, day
moth Mu tu phit trim.
Thoc
te
cho thay bat kt mOt doanh nghiep nho
muOn
hoot dOng vi thoc hien
sin xuat kinh doanh Ming can mOt luqng von nhit djnh, trong truing hqp muOn
rung sin xuat kinh doanh thi can phii co mOt luqng
von
lem hot. Hien nay, trong nen
kith
te thj
fruiting vii so c4nh tranh coc lcjr gay gat, dei hoi khach hing In& luirn phil
dOi mai vi me rung sin xuat kinh doanh. Tuy Stift khong phai bat lcji lchich hang nio
cling du ngu6n von
de c6 the me rung sin St kinh doanh. Voy het
thy
vOn i diu? Vi
hoot dOng cho vay cua ngin hang chinh la thu tra 101, ngutm von cis ngin hang giip
With thimh nen

von co
djnh vi
von
luu dOng cim Mulch hang. Viec mer rung thong
thuong yeti nhieu nuerc tren thi giOi, nhu ciu ve
von Iii
cling ngiy cling cao km, the
thinh phttn kinh
te
dang rat can
von de
d6i meti c8ng nghe, mit rung sin xuat kinh
doanh phi hqp vii so phat then cim
xi
hOi, del NM ngin hang phii
no
loc hcrn nits de
dap
img nhu cliu ve von ngily cing 1611 dm the doanh nghiep.
ThOng qua
von vay
cis ngin hang, vies doanh nghiep ding ding
von
thy de
du
tu von
de hien diti hem may mac thiet bj, d6i mai deg nghe, lim cho the doanh nghiep
d6 phit trien hem, ding cao &Km chat lueing sin pham, to ra dirge nhieu sin plam
hot
th6a man nhu ciu trong vi ngoili mac. Nhu vh, hoot dOng cho vay da g6p philn

lam
giitm gii thanh sin plam, cling nhu tang cao chit luqng sin phim, tang cao !chi
tang citnh tout mill cac doanh nghiep tan thj truing
qu6c te.
— Hoot dung cho vay g6p plan quan trong trong dieu
tie[
vi plan ph6i cac
nguan
van.
Von sin xuat kinh doanh trong
nen kinh to
vOn dung lien toc vi hien hien cac
hinh thirc lchic nhau qua
m8i
giai dap cis qui tranh sin xuat, to thinh chu thin
hoin vat Ilan chuyen
von
duct the hien dm% dung tien te. Trong qua frith d6 de c6 the
3
hog dOng lien tuc, dai hei nguEon v6n cua doanh nghiep phii luon ton tai d6ng thin ba
giai doan: du tra - sin xuat — Itru thong. Tbr d6 xiy ra hien tut:mg thira vi thieu van tam
thbi: tot le tai mOt thbi diem nhit djnh co nhung doanh nghiep cer v6n thin r6i vi e6
theng doanh nghiep 1M dang thieu van. Hien lining nay xiy ra thuOng xuyen vi ph6
bien trong bit kt nen kinh 4 nio, Illm nay sinh nhu au birc thiet phii gild guy& dugs
yin de dieu hba van. NHTM vii vai trb le trong gian tai chinh dung ra top trong thin
ph6i lai tier te, dieu hes van cho ac doanh nghiep, tao dieu kien cho qul tranh sin
xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep kh8ng bj gian doom
1.1.3.2.
Dik viii hopt ding nits
nein king.

Cho vay la hog dOng cot ban cba NHTM. NO II hog dOng chit y'eu chiem tSr trong
lem trong tang thu nhip cua nem hang. Th8ng qua hog dOng cho vay, nem hang co the
dieu him van, hart chi nii ro ve van, rid ro thanh khoan , thong qua host dOng cho vay
cling g6p phin cling c6 man quan he ctia khlch hang vOi ngan hang. Trong nhttng niim
glin day, nen kith to veri nhu cau mo rung quy m8, trong bi ccr sZr vet chat hien dai, den teri
ilia mei toin bO nen kinh te, da cho thay nhu au von thing vi dui hart la cue ky an Oat
va 0 cling quart tong. Nguem van nay tato dieu kien cho ac doanh nghiep d6i mei khoa
hcc ky thuot, trong thiet b1 ding nghe mei, phuong phip san xuat mei de dtra ra nhdng
loaf hang h6a m6i. Day hi dieu kien de cac ngan hang mer rung pham vi hog dOng ctia
minh va nay cling kiting djnh vi the vi vai fro cua rninh trong nett kinh
Han nits, hog dung cho vay can 111 rich thirc kha thi de gild quyet nguan von
huy dOng can du thira tai mOi nem hang. VI v#y nghiep vu cho vay can phii duqc tang
cuing de citc nein hang c6 the tham gia na
km vio
su nghiep cling nghiep h6a, hien
dai hea did nu6c.
1.1.3.3. Dal viii Mach
hang.
Voi su phit trier nhanh cheng curt nett kinh te, da so cad doanh nghiep khOng c6
chl van de c6 thE thuc hien ac hog dOng kinh te ctia mirth, nhu au van cim ac doanh
nghiep IA rat 16n. Doanh nghiep sir dying van di den hath sin xuat kinh doanh vi ac
hog dOng kinh te khlc. Hog Ong cho vay cart ngan hang thucmg mai c6 the dap Ong
duqc nhu au ve van dm khich hang, dim bito quy m8 van vay vi tinh nhanh cheong
trong khoin vay cho khlch hang. De c6 the tan tai trong mai train canh tranh gay gat
hien nay, ck doanh nghiep an c6 sum nhay It de niim bit thi twang mix tieu, muan
den Brill ditty hien kip thin sin St kinh doanh, doanh nghiep an c6 ki hoach nguim
van de len vi On djnh de cel the mua ac yeu to diu vio, chi phi sin xuat, chi phi than
cong, Chinh vI voy, mi hog dung cho vay ctia NHTM trer thanh den bay 0 thng
can thiet cho hog dOng sin xuat kinh doanh vi tieu thing cua cac doanh nghiep.
4

Thang Long University Library
1.2. Thiim djnh Si chinh dg in
Mu to
trong bout dOng cho vay cast nein hing
thuirng mui.
1.2.1. Mt& nips thins djnk Mi chink dp• tin An 1w.
Tham djnh tai chinh di/ in trong hoot dOng cho vay cue NHTM lit viec to
thu th#p xis
l
thong tin ye tai chin!' cua dg in mOt cich khich quan, town dien. Cic
nOi dung ca bin inh htemg trim tiep den dnh khi thi cue dg an lam can dr de ngan
thing ra guy& djnh cho vay.
— Str can thiet phii thgc hien them djnh tai chinh dg in trong hoot dOng cho vay
cue ngan hang thuong mui.
Hoot dung cho vay theo dg in trong hold dung cho vay cue NHTM la horn dOng
dem lui nhieu igi ich cho ngin hing song ?long thoi ne ding la hoot dOng doi hdi Nat
16n, thtri han k6o &Xi vi tiem in nhieu rui ro. Vi 15
,
do do, tram khi cho vay, nein hang
can ti'en hinh them djnh tai chinh dg an mOt cich Dion tong.
Thim djnh tai chinh dg an
du
tu trong NHTM dirge xem la giai dorm Ich?ri
dau
quan tang nhit trong qui trinh cho vay dg in. Qua qui trinh them djnh, ngitlt hing se
c6 cii nhin win dien
a
dinh gii dg in. Ti nheng ket qui phan tich thu dune, ngin
hang se c4 bien phip
tie yin ber tot

qui With cho vay, qui frith thu ng nham Nut the
cac rat ro, n>ing cao hieu qui cho vay cue NHTM.
Mit khic, thong qua hoot dOng thtun djnh tai chinh dg in, dc ngan hang e6 the
giup der cho the don vi vay yen ce phuong Wing vi bien phip xi: ly the van de lien
quan den dg in mOt each
tot
nhit. Glop cic ca quan quin 15
,
nhi nuke darth gia
dirge
sir
can thief va tinh phit hqp cue dg in yeti quy hooch phit trien Chung cue ngenh, xic djnh
dirge
tich eve vi lieu eve dui dg an khi di vio hoot dOng tren
the
khia quilt
khic
nhau.
1.2.2. Mpc dick vd
,
y whin the skim djnh Mt chink dg dn Au tw.
Tr'en thgc
te,
phan len the di: an dux hien der dang, that boil la do da khong dirge
them djnh mOt
each
ki Wang
truck khi thgc hien, cen mang firth chit quan cue ngutri
1#p dg an. Do v#y khi ce nhitng thay ded dive ti ngoii dv kien, cac chu dau to thtr?mg
lam vio the bi dOng vi lung ding. Chinh vi le d6 bit 1c9 mOt dg an nio, vies thim djnh

dv an
du tu,
(Ric biet la thaw djnh hieu qui tai chinh lit khau v8 ding quart tang,
khong the thieu dirge khi tien hinh dau
tu vim dg in.
Tham djnh dg in du tu con co nghla khtic nhau doi yin chti dau tu, nha tii tny
vi dui v6i cac ca quan quan ly. Ve phis NHTM, viec dittm djnh dg in diu tu (1#c biet
la them djnh tai chinh dv in lai rang can
thiet
cy the nhtr sau:
5
-
Thim dinh tai chinh du an ginp clic NHTM dua ra kit

ve tint) khi thi hieu
qui ye mit tai chinh ciut du an, tir d6 xac djnh duce khi nang hoan vin ctla du
in. Tren co so nay, cac NHTM men dua ra guy& djnh tai trq cho du in hay
khan, neu ce thi tii trq b mire nao ve gia tri khoin vay, then hart vay, du kien
lien dO gill ngin, lai suet cho vay, cach thtic thu my, cite hien phap Wm dam
tien vay
-
Them dinh tai chinh du an gulp the NHTM luting fru& duqc cic ruff ro e6 the
)(ay ra nhu: su hien dOng elm thi truing diu vao, cac sin pham diu ra, cic yeu
t6 ding nghe, mat yeti t6 chinh sich, m8i truing phap
19_ gay inh huling den
qua trinh trien khai thuc hien du in do. Tir d6 cac NHTM se co co sea de tham
gia gap St, tu van, bA sung them cat gill phap cho chi diu tu Main hen the
den mix thap shat mqi nilro ce the thy ra.
-
Thong qua qua trinh tham djnh, cac NHTM se co can cu de kiem tra viec sir

dung von co muc Bich, thing deal ttrqng hay khling. Vigor kiem tra nay se thuc
hien truerc, trong va sau khi ngan hang tien hanh gill ngan, gOp plain thee diy
du an du tu c6 hieu qua.
-
Tham djnh tii chinh du an la Ong vies rot phi= tap, vi the kh8ng the tranh
kh6i nititng thieu set khi thuc hien. Viec tham djnh du an se giup cho tic min
b0 tilt= djnh ciut ngan hang phli thuang xuyen duqc tich lily kinh nghiern,
buff
bye, ding cao
kg
nang phan tich, danh gia va than djnh tic ruff ro ciut du In.
Nhu 4y, thin djnh tai chinh du in la v8 cling quan trqng. NO ginp tic NHTM
dish
gia duqc chinh xac hien qua tai chinh den nhu hieu qui din to du in, tir de km chqn duqc
nhOng du an ce tinh kha thi cao de tai trq, dim hi° ;dui ging thu hOi von va lei vay.
1.2.3. Quy trinh
thins
S/nh dr tin tau tar tgi ngan hang
thuring mgt
Muc
ditch cita ngan hang khi cho vay du an lit lam sao de eel the dim bao duqc an
town luqng v6n vi lam cho ne sink lbi. Tuy nhien di c6 the thu hOi dti von va vay
nhu mong mut% thi ngan hang khemg the chi diva vao ket qua thin djnh du in cue cic
ca quan qutin 19 nhi nuOc vi nha diu to ma ngan hang phii tu tham djnh du in bang
phtrcmg phlp va theo quan diem rieng ens mirth. Do vay, ngan hang tien hinh thin
djnh du in chn yen tap trung vao tinh phn hqp ve mat phlp ly, hieu quit Si chinh dac
biet la kha ning thu hOivon du tu. viec thin dinh cult nem hang duqc dien ra trong
suSt thbi gian dien ra hoot dOng diu tu ifs lum hinh thanh du an den Me du in di vlo
hoot dOng vi thu hOi dit v6n ma nein hang mong mu6n. viec thim djnh nay dbi
hOi

NHTM phiti co mOt quy trinh tham dinh khoa hqc vi chat cite de c6 the dim bio thu
hOi du von.
6
Thang Long University Library
Quy trinh thim djnh (kr an tai NHTM gam ca:
—
Thim djnh cac chi tieu phi di chink
+
Thong tin phap ly bao gam: Ten doanh nghi'e'p, lo3i hinh doanh nghiep, gily
chimg then clang Icy kinh doanh, yen dieu co du yen hien tat, ngtrai dai
dien doanh nghiep, ngtrai dui dien vay von,
+
ThAm djnh thong tin ye ban dieu hank, ban quan tri cua doanh nghiep bao
gam: ten don vi, ty le von g6p, tri gia von gap, nganh nghe kinh doanh.
+
Thim dinh ve sin phim bao g6m: MO to dtic diem aia sin phArn, firth hinh
thj truing va hien dung gia.
+
Phan tich host dung etia doanh nghiep bao gam: Diu vao (loci hang h6a,
tong nh$p hang vao, phuong thieve mua hang, phuang that giao hang,
phuong that thanh town, mOt se del tic den vao lam); Diu ra (lo.i sin
pham, ty trcmg hang bin ra, phuong that ban hang, phuong that giao hang,
phuong that thanh town, met s6 dei tic 16n); Nang lye host gong sin xuAt
kinh doanh (rang hit ca sa vet chit; bang tang hqp tong suet thiet ke va
thuc to cult nha may; Ming luc may mac, tong ngile; nang lqc nhan sit; nang
lye thuc hien du an).
—
Them djnh cat chi lieu tai chinh.
+
Phan tich mOt s6 chi tieu trong bang can d6i ke toan bao gam: Phai thu

'lath hang, ten kilo, tai sin c6 djnh, diu to tai chinh dai han, xay thing ca
se der dang, vay nein hat, phai frit ngubi ban, vay dai han, nq dai han, von
chit sa hitu, lqi nhuin de lgi, the khoan mix thing luu y khac.
+
Phan tich bao cao kit qua kinh doanh bao gam: Doanh thu (ea au doanh
thu, xu huemg bien dung, nguyen than hien dOng, Mc dO tang truing, cat
than t6 anh htremg, ); khoan giant trt1 (ty trcmg, xu huang bien Ong,
nguyen !than, cach Ichic phyc, ); gia v6n hang ban; lqi nhuon (cc ciu, xu
htn5ng bien dOng, nguyen nhan, Mc de tang truing trung binh, nhan to filth
htremg„ ); met s6 yeu t6 ding luu y khae.
+
Phan tich cac he s6 tai chinh bao gam: t6c dO tang quern doanh thu, Mc dO
tang truing lqi nhuen, ROE (lqi nhuen sau thui/v6n chit sa httu), ROS (lqi
nhuen sau thue/doanh thu),
—
Thong tin ve quan he coa doanh nghiep vii cat t6 chat tai chinh.
+
Phan tich quan he tin dung tea doanh nghiep vii the t6 chat tin dung theo
thong tin dm khich hang cung tip va thAm djnh cart phong the
►

Binh bao
7
gem: ten t6
chirc tin (long, loai vay, s6 tien theo tong hop dong, tai sin dim
Ho, moc dich sir dung, du nq hien 4i, tinh hinh khoin vay.
—
Phan tich nhu tau vay von.
+
Thong tin co ban ve do an bao gem: ten do in, quy m8 von

dAu tit, vj
tri
dau
tu, tong mirc dau tit, yen to co, von vay,
sin phaim dau
ra, chit tau tu,
sir can
thiet dau
tit,
lien de, thoc hien ke hoach, lien dO thoc hien thoc
te.
+
Phip ly ctia do in bao
gem:
cic 116 so, van ban, chung tir lien quan chimg
mink phip 151 do an.
+
Titian dinh tinh hop It tits quy mto dau tit: so sixth
suit dau to vai
suit din
to do BO xay dung ctia do in tuang to.
+
Thong tin ve ding nghe do in bao g6m: cong nghe do in do
kien ip
dung
vi inh hutmg tit chinh sich ctia chinh
+
Tham dinh nAng lot quin 15
,
ctia chit

du
to bao
gem:
nAng loc ban Binh duo
quin bit do in, kinh nghiem quin ly tii chinh do in, Wing lot don vi giim
sit thi cong,
nguen von nr
c6 cua doanh nghiep.
+
Thim djnh khi nAng trim khai thi cong ctia cic nhii thin bao g6m: nhi thin
chinh thi cong phAn xi y dung, kinh nghiem mkt nhi than trong thoc hien
Ong trinh tuong ttic, nhi thin cung cAp cong nghe, kinh nghiem cua nhi
tau cung
cAp
ding nghe trong thus hien cong trInh tuong
+
Tham djnh khi nAng von hinh dm do an bao g6m: kinh nghiem quin
dieu hinh dm ban Binh duo, tj
,
tong the nguyen vet lieu
du vio
de sin
xuAt ra met sin pham dau ra, khi nAng cung (mg cic nguyen slot lieu
du
vac,
tren thj trutmg,
nheng
thu$n lqi vi eche khAn cda do in de co nguyen
lieu
dAu

vitt
+
ThAm dinh Ichi Wing tieu thy sin phAm dm do in: thi tnamg moc tieu ciut
do in, quan he cung tau tress thj Inking muc tieu, vi tri cua do in so vOi thi
trueng mix lieu, sit khic biet
ve
sin phiun cua do an so voi d6i thti quilt
tranh tren thi tnemg,
to
chile mc5 With tieu tho.
+
Hieu quit tit chinh do in bao
g6m
cic chi tieu: NPV, IRR, du% gian hob
von.
-
ThAm
djnh di sin dim bio bao g6m: loai tii sin; chit str hitu; h6 so phip
ly
cult tii sin; m8 ti tii sin; gii tri djnh gii; cAn cu djnh gii; du nq
tei
da duqc
dim bio; dieu kien nh$n tii sin, thil tut thoc hien, bier phip quin ly
,
theo dOi,
kiem tra, giim sit, dinh gii lai tii sin.
8
Thang Long University Library
1.2.4.
NPi dung coo thim djnh lei WS dr in

du
Ur.
Thim djnh tai chinh du an bao g6m nhieu nOi dung lien quan chat the yen nhau.
Nhang nOi dung chi yeu ma clic nhi them tlinh chi trqng :
- Xdc djnh tong du tan von du tir vi citc ngu6n tai trq ding nhu ac phut:mg
thin till trq du tin.
-
Xac djnh chi phi vi lqi fch colt du in, to 46 xfic djnh dung tien cia du an.
-
Xac djnh
tY
suit chiet khau elm du An.
-
Xac djnh ac chi tieu hien qua tai chfnh du In.
- Dinh gilt nii ro tong du an.
1.2.5. Hoot
ding thins djnh tai chink dr in Au tr trong hops king cho vay
cira
ngdn hang throng mpi.
1.2.5.1. Thins din!: Sing met diu tir va nguin tai try cho dr sin.
ThAm
djnh tong mire dau to li met trong tilang nOi dung quan tong b?ri tong
mirc dau to ce anh hu?mg rat lifm den soot qui trinh durc hien va hien khai du an diu
hr. Chi can nhOng thay d6i nh6 trong tong mire dau to nhu thieu von hoac lang phi von
da tao ra nhOng anh hthmg len 461 yeti tom b0 du an. Trong nOi dung tham djnh nay
can chit frog den cac van de nhu &nit gia tlnh hqp lY cia quy mo von vi ca cau
ngu6n von
,
kiem tra sit day 46 ciut cac khoitn chi phi, xac djnh nhu eau von diu to cho
tong thai Icy va cu6i cling la kiem tra cac ngu6n tai trq von cho du

an.
Vai moi van di
di kern voi d6 la vied nhan djnh ac ruf ro c6 the xay ra, di tir 46 dua ra ac bier phap
khac phuc kip th6i.
Mak het, la can b0 Mn djnh can xem xet din mat hqp 13 ,
cua tong inqc
dau
tit. mOt s6 Icholin von dau hi an xem xet chi tilt nhu von dsu
to
xay lip, von dau to
thiet bj, vOn kiln thiet ca bin vi ac loci von khric. Trong met so trubng hqp
ac
chi
dau to dittoing khai gilun so vai s6 von thus ti dl
a
ding hon trong vies xin vay von
ngan himg. Neu !thong xem xet lc, rat c6 khi !tang trong giai down thud hien du In se
yip phii rirf ro thieu vOn din din thin be du an bj dinh tre, anh hu?mg nghiem tong
den hieu qua cia du an. Ben canh do cling c6 met s6 trutmg hqp khai vtryt qui s6 vim
an thiet, dieu nay lai gay ra tinh trang lang phi von khOng
an
thiet vi inh hutmg tryc
tiep toi cac chi tieu hieu quit di chfrilt cia du an. Nei chung, cac can be thiun djnh can
phii xac djnh duqc quy m8 von hqp ly
an that
ctia du an tIt'ng thai ding xem zit den
ca au nguan von cuts du dn. MOt ca au von hqp 15
,
la khi le dau to cho kiln thiet
cao hon xay lip. D6i vol clic du

An
du to chieu sau va mo rang, tY le dau to thiet bj
can dat la 60%. Tuy nhien phii hit she firth host then firth chit va dieu hen cy the ciut
du dn. Trong twang hqp ac du in sin xuit cong nghiep c6 tY le xay lip va kiln thiet
9
cc ban cao can phii
duqc
ri soli tim hieu de c6 bien phap elfin bat quy me vi Ich6i
luqng xay lip mOt cich hqp 15r. Cic can 1)0 thin djnh can phii luem ket hqp xic djnh
tong mut von diu tu di d8i v6i viec xic djnh mOt cc cao von dau tu hqp 1ST cho du an
de
diun bio tinh hien qui.
Tren cc so danh gil quy m8 vi cc ciu hqp ly cia king vein dau tu the can b0
them dinh con can &th gii nhu ciu sir dung von cho timg thbi lcjr. Cin phii &Snit gii
dirge tien dO thuc hien du in vi kM Wing dip emg von mkt doanh ng,hiep trong timg
giai down,
day Ii
mOt nOi dung quan tong, ne khong nhftng chi giip giim bat ren ro
g#p phli do thiku von trong qui trinh thuc hien du An vi von Muth ket qua Mu tu mi
con li can cu quan trong
a
xic
djnh mire lAi suit cho vay hqp ljr trong timg giai down
cis du in, $c biet lii giai down thut hien du in.
Ket hqp yen viec dinh gii tong mile Mu tu cac can 1,0 them djnh phii danh gii
phan
tich dirge the nguOn tai trq von cho du an, dieu nay lien quan an mic dO chic
chin ve nguOn von dm du an. Ben canh nguOn von vay ngan hang, du An con c6 the
huy dOng yen to rat nhieu nguOn khlc nhau vi viec diinh gii tOng quan etc nguOn tii
trq d6 se glop cho cic can b0 them djnh ce the xic djnh dirge nhu cao ve von cho timg

giai Clop, xic djnh duqc k'
e hooch gill nem cis etc nguon win de. DO cling lit cc se
de xlc djnh mac lAi suit chiet khiu hqp l5r vi col inh hu?mg true kap tai etc chi tieu
hien qui di chinh sau nay cis du an.
Them djnh tong mile du to li mOt nOi dung quan trong vi dirge ip dung vii tit ci
cac du an ki ci du in cda tu item hay ciia chinh phu. De tinh town tong tuft dit
' tu cis
du an etc NHTM 6 Viet Nam thubng ding phuong phip tong chi phi de xem xet lei tOng
mire tthu tu ma Ichich hang dua ra, the 'chain chi phi cling nhu tOng mat diu to thuemg
duqc so sanh doi chi& tren mOt miu cia rat nhieu du an tucmg duong trong ding Mil we
ma ngen hAng da tong cho vay. Viec yen dung phuong phip so sash d6i chieu nhu v#y se
lam giim then gian cho etc can b0 thiun djnh trong qui trinh phan tich danh gii cling nhu
dua ra cic ket luen trong doi chinh xic ve tong mac von diu tu cia du an.
1.2.5.2. Thins
*h
doanh dm, chi phi cut; dy dn.
Viec xic
dinh doanh thu vi chi phi du in cult chi Mu to thir?mg ce rat nhieu sai
sat do phu thuOc vio rat that' yeu t6, yeu to chi quan vi yeu to ichach quan. Trong
khi
d6 doanh thu vi chi phi lei ail nhftng yin to quyet dinh tai lqi nhuen trong tuong
Iii
cia du in vi ant huing true tiep ten den hoot dung cia doanh nghiep cling nhu
khi
Wing tri nq cia hq desi vii nem hang. Chinh vi vey nOi dung My dirge etc can 130
thin djnh thim di/1h het sire
kg
luting vi then tong.
V'e doanh thu coat du in an phii kiem tra den tinh hqp 15
,

cia gii bin sin phiun.
Gil bin phii phi hqp yea mit gia Chung cis thj twang vi dOc tinh sin phim cling
10
Thang Long University Library
nhu kha Wing

tranh cfra doanh nghiep di vay tren thi trutmg. Gil ban con thay d6i
theo nhu ciu ciut thi throng vi chinh sach cos doanh nghiep trong timg thbi k9. Cac
can be thim dinh cin nim re duqc xu the bien dOng gil ca. Ben sh de quy mo
sin luqng hqp 1, cling la met nit t6 quan trqng, neu c6 qua nhieu hang tan kho trong
khi kh8ng phai do chinh slch ban chiu cos doanh nghiep thi dig thut su la met m6i lo
vOi bit ke doanh nghiep nio. Nam bit duqc gilt ban va sin luqng cola sin phirn
dich vu ctia du an cac can be thim dinh c6 the
a
danh danh gia duqc chinh xlc doanh
thu ala du an trong cac nam sau My.
D6i vai chi phi vim de hang du la kiem tra str dAy dti vi chinh xic cue
cac
khoin chi phi. De lam duqc (Lieu d6 S can be thtun dinh an lop bang tinh chi phi cho
du an. Chi phi g6m nhieu tool khlc nhau
—
Chi phi xay lip g6m : chi phi v$t lieu, chi phi thiet bi, chi phi kho bai
—
Chi phi nhan cong gam : chi phi tit Luang, phu cap, chi tra bao hiem xa hOi va
cac khoan thutmg
—
Chi phi quan 1y gom : tom be chi phi cho be may quan I, doanh nghiep.
—
Chi phi khlc nhu : chi phi khiu hao, chi phi bao tri, bao clueing, chi phi thue to
vin, chi phi thug quang c.ao

Xem xet doanh thu vi chi phi IA met nOi dung vo ding quan trqng va het sac
thiet yeu , cac can 130 thim dinh kheng nhOng cen phial tich, danh gil a thtri diem xem
xet cho vay ma ngay ca khi du an di vao hog Ong cac can be thim dinh phai thutmg
xuyen theo dai sly hien dOng va de xuit giai phap gill quyet kip then. Cling nhu nOi
dung thim dinh tong ram dAu to khi thAm dinh doanh thu va chi phi hiu het cac can
b0 thim dinh ala cic NHTM tinging dung phuong phap so sanh d6i chi& vai nhemg
du an lien quan cling ngitnh nght, Iinh Arc va ket hqp vai de la ca phuong phap du
bao chir yeu la du bao ve thi truting de c6 the thim dinh viec tinh doanh thu va chi
phi dm du an chinh xlc hay chua.
1.2.5.1 Trim
rink
15
suit chill khisi "r" nia dye dn.
Day la chi tieu danh gia mirc lqi nhu$n binh quan tai thieu ma ngan hang va
doanh nghiep lc, vcong nh$n duqc khi tien hanh thuc hien du an. Thuting thi xlc dinh
t, suit chi& khiu "r" c6 hai twang hqp:
—
Tnrinig hqp 1:
+
Neu van sir di,mg horin town IA von vay a mot ngtain thi "r" la lfi suit vay.
+
Neu
vim sir dung hoan tan IA von vay, nhung vay to nhieu ngutm thi "r" la
lei suit vay binh quan cue tAt ca cac ngu6n.
11
, 'It_
E .iliderk
r=
Trong do:
L

k
: S6 von
vay tir nguim k.
rk: Lai suit vay tir nguen k.
m:
S6 ngu6n vay.
+
Neu vay theo cac kjr hart khic nhau thi phiti chuyen Iii
suit
di vay ve cnng
met lcjr han, thong thu&ng la theo nAm.
r,, = (1 + re — 1
Trong de:
r„ :
Lai suit
theo kir han theo nim.
r
i
: Lai suit theo lcSr han t (thong, quSr, ).
m : se kt han t trong 1 nom.
— Truing liqp 2:
+
Neu chr an huy dOng von tir hai ngu6n: Van chit str hfru va vein vay, thi'Y' la chi
phi sir dung von binh quart gia guy& (WACC — Weighted average cost
of capital).
WACC = %E * e + %D * d
Trong do:
%E: TS' le
von
chit so Mu.

e: suit sinh Itri
win
chit so hfru khi co nq vay.
%D: tjr le nq (nq vay — Debt).
d: lai vay.
%E + %D = 100% = 1 :
king cac trong so.
+
Neu chr an cdo nhieu ngutn vay khic nhau (Di,
D2, )
vOi lai suit khac
nhau ttrcmg Ong la (di,
d2, . • .)-
WACC=VoiE
s
e+%D1*c11
-1-
%D2*d2+•••
+
Neu firth den yeu to
lam phut:
N.= (1 +
r)*(1 +
f) -1
Trong d6:
Ty
Lai suit
chiet khiu c6 firth den y'
eu
to

lam phut (lAi
suit
thqc te).
f: TS/ le lam phut.
r: Lai suit chi& khiu chua firth den yeti
t6
lam phut (Ili suit danh nghia).
12
El
n
=i
l
vk
Thang Long University Library
1.2.5.4. Them gnh dbng din hdng nim.
Doi vii
cac NHTM not chung khi lien hanh thiun djnh hieu qui tai chinh cue dv
in thi cic chi tieu Wm chi phi sin xuit kinh doanh, doanh thu, lqi nhuin, Ur dv in
chua chic di la chi tieu thvc sv ding quan tam nhit. Bii le cac chi tieu nay chi mang
nghia tong kit hog dung kinh doanh cue dv in tren s6 sich ke tom (chi mang tinh
chit thii Icy) ma kh8ng the phan inh chinh xic thu nhip vi chi phi duqc thu vao hay
chi ra, hay not each khic chin to kheing the xic djnh &Km thii diem 'cat hien cia
cac khoin din nay. Chinh vi voy, de co the dua ra duct nheng phin tich, dinh gia
chinh xic nhim xic djnh dv in co hieu qua ye met Si chinh hay Ichong, ben earth cic
chi tieu chi phi, doanh thu the can bt, thim dinh cart quan tam Uri ding tien hang nim
cita dv an (CF).
Ding tien cue dv in duqc dinh nghia lit phin chenh tech trong ding tien cis
doanh nghiep trong giai don mil dv in duce dive hien so yeti lic khong thvc hien dv
an. Ding tien dv in bao gem ding tien vao vi ding tien ra. De don gam hia vi tiet
kiem chi phi thvc hien, trong cie dv an ding tiin daring duqc gia djnh Ii xuit hien

vao cuii nam.
Ding tren gific dO dm the NHTM, yen tu each la nhi tai trq dv an, cie dv in ma
ngan hang thim djnh duqc
tai
trq bbi cie nguis von Mn hqp bao gam yen tv co
cue
doanh nghiep, va yen vay ngtin hang. Ding tien cis rata dv an la ding tien tong hqp
tir ba ding din: ding tiin hog dOng sin xuat kinh doanh, ding tien tir hog dOng diu
tu va ding tien tir hog dOng Si chinh.
Trong di ye co bin:
—
Ding tien (CF) = ding lien vao — ding flan ra
—
Ding tien vao (CIF — Cash Inflow): Phan anh cac khoin tien thu vao hang
nam trong Man 130 chu kt cue dv an.
—
Ding tien ra (COF — Cash Outflow): Phan anh cac khoin tien chi ra hang nam
trong tom b0 chu ky cart dv an.
D6i vii cac ding tien tir hog gong du to thi ding tiin ra bao gem cac khoin
chi du iu tai sm co djnh vi nhu eau van luu dOng ban du con ding tien vao bao
gom
cac khoin thu hei cued kjr nhu gia tri thanh ly di slut co djnh (thying duqc thy bing
gia tri tai sin can lai mkt tai sin co djnh mei ky hoic tric luqng thvc ti) vi yen luu
d(mg thu hii cuii k9 (thtremg &Km thy bing mhu eau vim luu dOng cuoi kt).
Doi vii ding tien tir hog dung tai chinh thi clang tien vao bao gom cac khoin
nhu ghip yin tv co, yin vay con ding titan ra bao gim cac khoin tri gic vi Iii vay,
chi tri ce rim hay khoin chi cho phic lqi, khen thuing
13