REALIZATION OF PLASMONIC 2d 3d NANOSTRUCTURES FOR SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING DETECTION

REALIZATION OF PLASMONIC 2D AND 3D
NANOSTRUCTURES FOR SURFACE ENHANCED
RAMAN SCATTERING DETECTION







Yang Jing








A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR

THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
COMPUTER ENGINNERING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE



2015



Acknowledgements


             
          




              
             


 
  
               


          
 
  


               
     

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Table of Contents

DECLARATION 
Acknowledgements 
Table of Contents 
Summary 
List of Tables 
List of Figures 
List of Publications 
Chapter 1 Introduction 
1.1 Background: Raman Scattering and SERS 
1.2 Various types of SERS detection systems 
1.3 Challenges for current SERS research 
1.4 Significance and scope 
1.5 Organization of thesis 
Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Enhancement Theory for SERS Detection 
2.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance 
2.1.1 Physics on Plasmonics 
2.1.2 Excitation of LSPR 
2.2 Electromagnetic enhancement of SERS 
2.2.1 Hot spots’ generation for SERS 
2.3 Enhancement factor 
Chapter 3 Methodology 
3.1 2D micro/nano-structuring of SERS substrates 
3.1.1 Laser ablation 
3.1.2 Electron beam evaporation 
3.2 Fabrication of 3D SiNW SERS substrates 
3.2.1 Sample cleaning 


3.2.2 Photoresist coating 
3.2.3 Laser interference lithography 
3.2.4 Reactive-ion etching 
3.2.5 Metal assisted chemical etching 
3.2.6 Thermal annealing 
3.2.7 Redox reaction for nanoparticles’ decoration 
3.2.8 Probing molecules’ absorption 
3.3 Characterization methods 
3.3.1. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron
microscope 
3.3.2 UV-Visible spectroscope and Raman spectroscope 
3.4 FDTD simulation 
Chapter 4 2D Laser Hybrid Micro/nano-structuring of Si Surfaces in Air
and its Applications for SERS Detection 
4.1 Introduction 
4.2 Experimental 
4.3 Results and discussion 
4.3.1 Synthesis of nanoparticles during laser ablation in air 
4.3.2 Single line laser ablation of Si for SERS detection 
4.3.3 Large area laser hybrid micro/nano-structures for SERS
detection 
4.4 Summary 
Chapter 5 Fabrication of 3D SiNW Array with Ag Film Coating/Ag
Nanoparticles’ Decoration for SERS Detection 
5.1 Introduction 
5.2 Experimental 
5.3 Results and discussion 
5.3.1 SERS performance of Ag film coated SiNWs at different heights


5.3.2 Comparison of Ag NPs’ decorated and Ag film coated SiNWs 
5.4 Summary 
Chapter 6 Aspect Ratio Effect in Ag Nanoparticles’ Decorated 3D SiNW
for SERS Detection 
6.1 Introduction 
6.2. Experimental 


6.3 Results and discussion 
6.3.1 Aspect ratio effect of Ag decorated SiNW array for SERS 
6.3.2 A comparison of well-ordered and randomly arranged SiNWs 
6.4 Summary 
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Future Work 
7.1 Conclusions 
7.2 Future Work 
References 




Summary

          

      
       - -
          
          
    -      


   -   -  



 -

           
            
            
      -       
-


            

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
 -    
-
             
       
           
          

-





         

-

-




List of Tables

Table 4.1






List of Figures


Figure 1.1  -      

Figure 1.2        
-

Figure 2.1 
Figure 2.2 
-
Figure 2.3    -      
-
Figure 3.1      - 

Figure 3.2        

Figure 3.3 
Figure 3.4 
Figure 3.5 
Figure 3.6             

Figure 3.7 
Figure 3.8          
         

Figure 3.9 --



Figure 3.10 
Figure 3.11 
Figure 3.12 
Figure 3.13 

Figure 4.1 -

Figure 4.2 


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

   
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 -  

Figure 4.3 
            

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
                

Figure 4.4     -   
   

Figure 4.5 
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-
-

    
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   
        
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




Figure 4.6          

Figure 4.7    -
      
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      

Figure 4.8        
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    
-

Figure 5.1 


Figure 5.2    -      

Figure 5.3 

Figure 5.4   

Figure 5.5 -
            

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

Figure 5.6 


Figure 5.7    -    
             

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Figure 6.1          -
            

Figure 6.2 
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-

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Figure 6.3 
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

Figure 6.4     -     
-
 
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

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List of Publications

1. J Yang
fabrication of broadband ultralow reflectivity black Si surfaces by laser
        
(Impact factor: 8.476)
2. J Yang             -
structuring of Si Surfaces in Air      
Scientific Reports 4, 6657 (2014) (Impact factor: 5.078)
3. J Yang
        25,
465707 (2014) (Impact factor: 3.672)
4. J Yang

5. M Hong, J Yang -laser array based integrated fluorescence detection chip

6. J Yang   -electric interference in
metal-dielectric-metal oligomers: generation of magneto-electric Fano
07-1415 (2012) (Impact factor:
2.923)
7. N Zhang, YJ Liu, J Yang
sensitivity molecule detection by plasmonic nanoantennas with selective
       -1422 (2013)
(Impact factor: 6.739)
8. PHH Duong, TS Chung, K Jeyaseelan, A Armugam, Z Chen, J Yang, M Hong,
  -incorporated triblock copolymer membranes on

34-43 (2012) (Impact factor: 4.908)

9. M Tang, XZ Xie, J Yang         
microprocessing and nanoengineering of large-area functional
  -Micro Materials and Devices, 820428-10
(2011)


1

Chapter 1 Introduction


-
           
           
         

    
          

           
     -  -


1.1 Background: Raman Scattering and SERS
         
          

           
           





   
2

         

     
 

Figure 1.1  -     


    -       
          

          






3

              
      
     -      
   -  

 

-



             
  -         
       
- 
 -      
--
-

           
          
         
            
          
       -  
-
-



    
-
 

       

4



          
         
          
-
           
          
           
      
            



  
 

          

            



          
-

5


            


         

  
          
 


Figure 1.2      
-


6

          

   
 -         
         
       

      






           





          


1.2 Various types of SERS detection systems
      
          


-
         



7

    



           
             

         
          





     -  
-
    -      
             
   -       

  
-

-          
             -
       -    -
          
8

       -     
 -         
         - 




   -       




         
-



   
-

-
-
              
       -
         
       -   

9




-


         
         
           
 
-
-
-


      -  
           

           
           
           
         
 
-


--
10

           
-
          
            



             
-
         
 
  

    


  
    -     


           


--
           - 
         

11

     -   


1.3 Challenges for current SERS research
          


        -  -  

           
           
    

  


          


               
   
           






        