AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS AT VINH PHUC TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
****************
ĐỖ THỊ CẨM VÂN
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES TO
DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS
AT VINH PHUC TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE
(Nghiên cứu những chiến lược giảng dạy nhằm nâng cao kỹ năng nói cho sinh
viên năm thứ hai Trường Cao đẳng Sư phạm Vĩnh Phúc)
M.A. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS

Field: English Teaching Methodology
Code: 60.14.01.11

Hanoi – 2014
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
****************
ĐỖ THỊ CẨM VÂN
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES TO
DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS FOR THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS
AT VINH PHUC TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE
(Nghiên cứu những chiến lược giảng dạy nhằm nâng cao kỹ năng nói cho sinh
viên năm thứ hai Trường Cao đẳng Sư phạm Vĩnh Phúc)
M.A. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS

Field: English Teaching Methodology
Code: 60.14.01.11
Supervisor: Dr. Tô Thị Thu Hương

Hanoi - 2014
DECLARATION




 !"#$
%&'()

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 *


+
,    
-

./

0,12
/.32
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        456

#789",
:#;80

       +
*


ABSTRACT
“An investigation into the instructional strategies to
develop speaking skills for the second year students at Vinh Phuc Teacher
Training College”.         *        <
  8 
8,
<
   *  ,      8      0
        =      >  ,  
<


                    <
4,
0

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 ????????????????????????
4
4

/
/
/
/
INTRODUCTION
#@#
!.!
A4!

$.A
75A
9$
DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW
#B7
1.1 Definition of speaking and teaching speaking skills 5
1.2 Principles for teaching speaking skills 5
!/;
2.1 Definition of communicative language teaching ;
2.2 Current trends in communicative language teaching =
2.3 Classroom activities in communicative language teaching C
A#"
3.1 Definition #"
3.2 Instructional strategies model ##
$@,#A

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
1. *#7
1.1 Description of the English speaking classe and its objectives at
Vinh Phuc Teacher Training College #7
1.2 Description of the students #;
1.3 Description of the teachers #;
!5#=
!#.#=
!!#=
2.2.1 Questionnaires #C
2.2.2 Semi-structured interviews #C
2.2.3 Observations !"
!A!"

CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
#<8!!
1.1 Instructional strategies used by teachers in speaking lessons !!
1.2 Which instructional strategies help the students to overcome their
difficulties in speaking lessons? !C
1.2.1 Students’ difficulties in the speaking classes A"
1.2.2 Which instructional strategies help the students to overcome their
difficulties in speaking lessons? AA
2. 8,<8
AA
CONCLUSION
#.AC
!/AC
$.$"
REFERENCES$#
APPENDICES
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1DE#F

Appendix 2DE!F
Appendix 3DE#F
Appendix 4DE!F
Appendix 5D 
Appendix 6D. 
Appendix 7D5, 
Appendix 8D5,D:#;84
Appendix 9D5,D:#;8 
Appendix 10D.<>
Appendix 11D<>
Appendix 12: +

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
8D8

8+/D8+/
/D/
54D54
0D0
GDG
.D.
D
D0
LIST OF FIGURES
+#D<<

+!D8
+AD8

+$D<<

+7D<
+9D
+;D.<8
+=D.<<
+CD.<,
LIST OF TABLES

  #D  .             8
H
!D<  <


AD
8
$D<  <

7D
  8  
<
9D.<8
;D.<8<

=D.<,
CD.<,

PART A: INTRODUCTION
 
>

1. Rationale
       48
               *  
38
*
>8
88

8


EI#CC=FBH


                        
E@!""9F

>.E#CC;F
>
8

3E#CC=F

#
<

       2E!""7F


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        J          
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+8
8H*
*,?*

8H
8

 “An investigation into the instructional strategies to develop
speaking skills for the second year students at Vinh Phuc Teacher Training
College”.
2. Scope of the study
4,


8H
8
3. Aims of the study
 8
*8
+*
!
      8        >    

 8 .  
,<8

>D
E#F What are the instructional strategies applied by the English language
teachers in speaking classes at VTTC?
1.1. What instructional strategies are commonly used by the English
language teachers in their speaking lessons?
1.2. Which instructional strategies help the students to overcome their
difficulties in speaking lessons?
E!F How well can role- play practice help the students to overcome their
difficulties in speaking lessons?
4. Significance of the study
 
8

8
5. Methods of the study
8
8H 4 


    >
>#789"
  8 H    I          
        >      ,
8H8
A
     
4,
<
6. Design of the study
       
04
>
               
   #         
!5

H
A


$
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW
<

I
8*
 3*              /

E/F

1. An overview of speaking skills
1.1. Definition of speaking and teaching speaking skills
BEF
0E#CC!F

..E#CCAF

JK+E#CCC5I!""7F
J
K
                
E !""#F
                   
                  
*E+!"#"F
1.2. Principles for teaching speaking skills
-
.
3E#CC#D7779F
7
D
- Be aware of the difference between second language and foreign language learning
contexts.
- Give students practice with both fluency and accuracy.
- Provide opportunities for students to talk by using group works or pair works and
limiting teacher talk.
- Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning.
- Design classroom activities that involve guidance and practice in both transactional

and interactional speaking in which transactional speech involves communicating to
get something done and interactional speech is communicating with someone for
social purpose, establishing and maintaining social relationships.
IE#CC$F*
- Focus on both fluency and accuracy
- Provide intrinsically motivating techniques.
- Encourage the use of authentic language.
- Provide appropriate feedback and correction.
- Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening.
- Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication.
(Source: Slides by Daniel Beck- )


@E!""9D#$FJ+
                    

KJ*
K
                          
L
    3E!""AD77FJ4*<
+
 *     >   
9
K42E#CC9F

IE#CC$D!7$FJ
/K
,H
L83



2. CLT Today
8
85
8
8
2.1. Definition of CLT
      0H
              JK    

@ME!""9F/


/
@@E!""#F/
./
E5!""#F
E #C;#F
;
/,,
8*
<
/,*
  /              

       /                  ,  
E:#CC$FE/!""AF
2.2. Current trends in CLT
4

M
+E!""#DAF/
.D
,+*
           .            

,,
,+
,,

,+
*
,+


, 

=
,4

,4
*
2.3. Classroom activities in CLT
./
              
4>>
*E-.!""!F
, Information- gap activities

5



, Jigsaw activities:




, Task- completion activities:
      0<

, Information- gathering activities:
      .,
>
, Opinion- sharing activities:
C
4
>

, Information- transfer activities:
>

, Reasoning- gap activities: 

, Role- play: 4
*
3. Instructional strategies
3.1. Definition
     
++<E#CC=F


      E#CC9FD

H                    


E#CC9F 
>

54/E!""!D9;F
                

D
#"
,
,
,
EL9;L!""!4/4F
3.2. Instructional strategies model of Dick and Carey (1996)
Dick and Carey's Model
6E#CC9F
HEC
F

CD
,4EFD
*
,D,,
N>
,4*D      6   
##



,-HD

,D,
H
,      D         ,  
6,
,       D                

,D

,@D*
            *      H



  E-O/E#CC9FThe systematic design of instructionF
1IE#CC;F6E#CC9F5D
P*
E#CC9F8
**
6                    
**

   
  *              >
#!
P
From the above definitions of the instructional strategies of some linguists and the

model of the instructional strategies of Dick and Carey (1996), I draw my own definition
of the instructional strategies as follows:
The instructional strategies are effective activities the teachers used in the
classroom to achieve the learning objectives. In simple words, the instructional strategies
are the ways or activities the teachers applied to stimulate students to participate in the
learning process.
4. Role- play



 !
"#$$$$
$ $  $ $  $   $    $   $
%&'()**+,
        -    .  
                    .

  /0 1
(/

2-3
#
4 
5
#
#A

-
, -


, -(#
#
, -##

, -#
Summary: From all the above information, all the readers could see that there were
many useful activities (the instructional strategies) the language teachers can apply in
their English speaking classes to stimulate their students in the learning process. The
linguists mentioned the instructional strategies much in their studies such as group-
work, information gap activities, jigsaw activities, role- play . In the actual context
of VTTC, role- play activities have been applying widely. However, up to present, there
has not been a study relating how role- play activities affecting student’ performance
in the speaking classes at VTTC yet. That was the reason why I chose this aspect to
research.
CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY
1. The context
1.1. Description of the English speaking classes and its objectives at VTTC
 H8
>
8

.8<
8
#$

*

D
Unit Topic Activities Content
1 Tourism

0 1
1 4        

@, 4
1            

2 Education
0 1
1 8.

@, 
3D4H
3 Environment
0 1
0           

@, 1-
1 -
Q
4 Jobs 1 H
@, M
5 Sports
1 4
1 0

0 
@, 4
6
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1 4

@, 4
7 Smoking
@, 4L
1 I<
#7