BỒI DƯỠNG học SINH GIỎI LỊCH sử 12 TRƯƠNG NGỌC THƠI phần 2

Cung voi nhung
cuoc
chii dong tien cong dich tren chien truang Trj -
Thien, Duong so 9 quan ta mo mang hang loat tran phan cong danh bai cac
cuoc
hanh quan "tim diet" va "binh djnh" cua djch. Loai khoi vong chien da'u
151 000 ten dich, bin roi 1 231 may bay.
6 hau khip cac
viing
nong thon, quan chiing dug-c sir ho trg- cua lyc lugng
vu
trang da dung len da'u tranh chong ach kim kep ciia djch, pha tung mang
"Ap
chien
luge".
Trong hau khap cac thanh thj, giai cap cong nhan, cac tang i6p
nhan dan lao dong
khac,
hoc sinh, sinh vien,
Phat
tu, binh sT Sai Gon da'u
tranh
doi Mi
riit
ve nude, doi tu do dan chu.
Viing
giai phong dugc mo rong,
uy
tin cua Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam dugc nang cao tren truong
quoe
te.

Den euoi nam 1967, Mat tran giai phong c6 eo quan thuong true 6 hau he't
cac nude xa hpi ehii nghia va 6 mpt so
nuae
the'gioi thu ba. Cuang
llnh
cua
Mat tran dugc 41 nuoe, 12 to
chue
quoe
te, 5 to
chuc
khu vuc len tic'ng ung ho.
c.
Cuoc
Tong
tien
cong
vd noi day Tei Mau
Than
nam 1968
*
Hoan
cnnh:
Buoc
vao mua xuan 1968, xuat phat tu nhan
dinh
so
sanh
luc
lugng

thay doi c6 Igi cho ta sau hai mua kho. Nam 1968 ta Igi dung mau thuan
a Ml trong nam bau cu tong thong
(1968),
ta chii truong mo mgt
eugc
Tong
tien
cong va noi day tren toan mien Nam, trong tam la do thj.
* Muc
dich:
Nham tieu
dift
mgt bp phan luc lugng quan MT, quan dong
minh,
danh don manh vao chinh quyen va dgi Sai Gon gianh chinh quyen ve
tay nhan dan,
bugc
MI phai dam phan, rut quan ve nude.
*
Dien
bie'n:
Cuoc
tong tien cong va noi day dugc mo dau bang
eugc
tap kieh
chien luge cua quan chii luc vao hau kh^p cac do thj trong dem 30 rang
sang
ngay 31 - 1 - 1968 (dem
giao
thua Te't Mau Than).

Cuoc
tong tien cong va noi
day dien ra ba dgt: 30- 1
-25-2;
thang 5 va 6; thang 8 va 9
-1968.
Tai Sai Gon, quan giai phong tien cong vao cae vj tri dau nao eua djch, nhu
Toa dai su MI, Dinh "Doe lap". Bp Tong tham muu quan Sai Gon, Bp Tu lenh
biet khu
Thii
do, Tong nha
canh
sat, Dai phat thanh, san bay Tan Son Nha't.
* Kt't qua: Tu trong
eupe
Tong tien cong va noi day, eo them nhieu luc lupng
mai ehong MI, chong chinh quyen Sai Gon xuat hien, mat tran doan ket dan
tpe, chong MI cuu
nuac
dugc mo rgng. To
chuc
Lien
minh
cac luc
lugng
dan tgc,
dan chu hoa
binh
a Sai Gon, Hue'va toan mien Nam, dai dien cho tang lop tri
thuc, tu san dan tgc tien bp 6 thanh thj dugc thanh lap.

Cupc Tong tien cong va noi day Te't Mau Than da danh don bat ngd, lam
cho djch
choang
vang. Nhung do luc lugng djch con dong (hon
ni>a
tri^u
linh
MI
va dong minh, gan 1 trieu quan dgi Sai Gon) co so 6 thanh thj manh, nen
chung da nhanh chong to
chuc
lai luc lugng phan cong quan ta gap khong it
kho khan va ton that. Quan
each
mang vao chie'm giCr thanh pho trong dgt 1 bl
day ra ngoai.
* y
nghia:
Mac dii co nhirng ton that va h^n
che'do,
cupc
Tong tien cong va
noi
day co y nghIa he't sue to Idn:
Lam lung lay y chi xam
lugec
cua quan MI,
bugc
MI phai tuyen bo "phi MI
hoa" chien tranh xam luge (tue thua nhan that bai cua "Chien tranh cue bg").

MI
phai tuyen bdeha'm dut khong dieu kien chien tranh pha hoai mien Bae,
chju den ban dam phan 6 Pa ri de ban ve
cha'm
dut chien tranh.
Cuoc
Tong tien cong va noi day da mo ra
buoc
ngoat
cua
eugc
khang chien
chong MI
ciiu
nuoe
cua quan dan ta.
d.
Nhimg
diem
giong
vd
khdc
nhau
giiia
chien
luoc
"Chien
tranh
dac hi^t"
vd

Chien
luoc
"Chien
tranh
cue bg" cua Mi d Vi?t Nam
*
Giong
nhau:
Deu la chien tranh xam luge thye dan mdi ciia MI, nham bien mien Nam
thanh thupe dja kieu mai cua MI. Deu thuc hien am muu chong lai
each
mang va
nhan dan mien Nam. Deu su dung vu khi va phuong ti^n chien tranh cua MI.
*
Khac
nhau:
Ve quy mo chien tranh: "Chien tranh dac biet" dien ra a mien Nam, con
"Chien tranh cue bp" mo rpng ca hai mien Nam - Bac.
Ve
tinh
chat
ac liet: "Chien tranh cue bp" ac liet hon, the hien 6 muc tieu,
lye lupng tham chien, vQ khi, hoa lyc va phuong tien chien tranh.
"Chien tranh dae biet" dupe tien hanh bt^ng quan dgi tay sai
dudi
sy chi
huy
eua co van MI, dya vao vu khi, trang bj kl thuat, phuong tien chien tranh
cua MI nham thuc hi^n muu do co ban la
"Diing

ngudi Viet danh ngudi
Vi^t",
"Thay mau da cho xae
ehe't".
Tien hanh " Chien tranh dae
bi^t",
MI - nguy md
rpng
nhieu
cupc
hanh quan can quet, mue tieu la chong pha
each
mang va binh
djnh
mien Nam. Chiing coi "Ap chien lupc" la
quoe
saeh
nh^m tach
each
mang
ra
khdi
dan de thyc hi^n eai gpi la "Tat nude bat ca".
"Chien tranh cue bp" vdi muc tieu la vua tieu diet quan chu lye vua binh
djnh
mien Nam, pha hoai mien B3e. Lye lugng tham chien dong, gom ca MI,
chu hau, nguy, trong do quan MI
giir
vai tro quan trong va khong ngirng tang
len ve so lugng va trang bi. Chung su dung vij khi hien dai, hoa lye manh ca

!? tren bg, tren khong, tren bien, toe do nhanh va md lien tue nhieu chien djch
nh^m
"tim diet" va "binh
dinh"
vao "Da't thanh Viet edng".
1
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
4, Thai ki tu nam 1969 den nam 1973: Mien Nam chien dau
chong
"Vi?t Nam
hoa chien
tranh"
ciia Ml
a.
Chien
luoc
"Viet
Nam hod
chien
tranh"
vd
"Dong
Duong
hod
chien
tranh"
cua
dequo'c
Mi.
Dau

nam 1969, Nichxan vua len nam chinh quyen da de ra chien luoc toan
cau
"Ngan
de
thuc
tc" (thay cho chien luge
"Phan
ung
linh
hogt" ciia Kennodi)
va tiep tuc
CUQC
chien tranh xam luge thi^c dan moi; thuc hi^n chien luge
"Vict
Nam hod
chien
tranh"
a mien Nam va mo rpng chien tranh ra toan Dong Duong
voi
chien luge "Dong Duong hoa chien tranh".
Chien luge "Vi^t Nam hoa chien tranh" duge tien hanh bang lue lugng quan
dgi
Sai Gon la ehu ye'u, c6 su phoi hgp ve hoa li^c va khong quan MI, va van do
Ml
chi buy bang h^ thong eo' van.
De thuc hien chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" Mi da:
Rut dan quan MT va quan dong
minh
khoi chien tranh de giam xuong mau.
Tang cuong luc lugng quan dgi Sai Con nham thye hi?n am muu "Dung

nguai
Vift
danh nguoi Viet". MI
diing
luc lugng quan dgi Sai Gon de thuc
hi?n "Dong Duong hoa chien tranh".
MI
con
dimg
thii
doan ngoai
giao
xao quyet nhu thoa thuan voi Trung
Quoc,
hoa hoan voi Lien X6 nham ban che su
giiip
do ciia eac
nuac
do doi vol
cugc
khang chien ciia nhan dan ta.
b.
Chien
dau
chong
chien
luge
"Viet
Nam hod
chien

tranh"
vd
"Bong
Duong
hod
chien
tranh
"
ciia
Mt.
Chien dau chong chien luge "Vi^t Nam hoa chien tranh" la chong lai
cugc
chien tranh xam luge toan di?n dugc tang cuong va mo rgng ra toan Dong
Duong,
vua chien dau chong chien djch tren chien truong, vira dau tranh voi
djch
tren ban dam phan.
Thang Igi chinh tri mo dau giai doan chong "Vi^t Nam hoa chien tranh" la
su ra doi ciia Chinh
phii
each
mang lam
thoi
Cong hoa mien Nam ngay 6 - 6 -
1969. Do la chinh
phii
cua nhan dan mien Nam. Vua ra doi, chinh
phii
each
mang lam thai da dugc 23

nuoc
cong nhan, trong do c6 21
nuae
dat quan he
ngoai giao.
GiCra
liie
cugc
chien chong MI cuu nude ciia nhan dan ta 6 ea hai mien dang
tren
da thang Igi, thi
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh
qua doi ngay 2 - 9 - 1969. Do la mot
ton
that Ion, khong gi eo the bii dap doi voi dan toe ta, doi voi
each
mang
nuac
ta.
Thuc
hien di chiic ciia
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh,
nhan dan 6 hai mien day
manh khang chien chong MI cuu
nuac.
150

Trong
hai nam 1970 - 1971, nhan dan ta cung vdi nhan dan hai nude
Campuchia va Lao gianh nhiing thang Igi cd y nghia chien luge tren m|t tran
quan su va chi'nh tri.
Trong
hai ngay 24 va ngay 25 - 4
-1970,
Hgi nghi cap cao ba nude Vi^t Nam
- Lao -Campuchia hgp nham bieu thj quyet tam cvia nhan dan ba nude Dong
Duong
doan ket chien dau chong MT.
Tu
ngay 30 - 4 den ngay 30 - 6
-1970,
quan dgi Vi^t Nam cd su phoi hgp ciia
quan dan Campuchia da dap tan
cugc
hanh quan xam luge Campuchia va
quan dgi Sai Gon, loai khoi vong chien dau
17.000
djch, giai phdng nhieu vung
rgng
Idn dat dai vdi 4,5 trieu dan.
Tu
ngay 12-2 den ngay
23-3-1971,
quan dgi Vi^t Nam cd su
phd'i
hgp ciia
quan dan Lao da tap tan

cugc
hanh quan mang ten "Lam Son -719" ehiem giu
dudng
9 - Nam Lao eiia 4,5 van quan Mi va quan dgi Sai Gon, loai khoi vong
chien da'u
22.0000
djch,
duoi
het quan MI va quan dgi Sai Gon khoi duong 9 -
Nam
Lao, giu hanh lang chien luge
each
mang Dong Duong.
Thang Igi tren mat tran quan su da ho trg va thuc day phong trao da'u tranh
chinh
tri,
chong "binh djnh".
6 khap noi eae thanh thj, phong trao ciia eac tang Idp nhan dan no ra lien
tyc. Dac
bi?t
d Sai Gon, Hue^ Da Nang, phong trao hoe sinh, sinh vien no ra
ram
rg da thu
hiit
dong dao
gidi
tre tham gia. Phong trao
tudi
tre, hgc sinh,
sinh

vien cd vai tro quan trong, thudng la
"Phong
trao
chdm
ngdi
no"' cho phong
trao chung ciia tang Idp nhan dan thanh thi.
Tai eac vung ndng thon, dong bang, rung
niii,
ven thj, khap noi cd phong
trao ciia quan chiing nd'i day ehd'ng "binh djnh", pha "a'p chien luge" ciia djch.
Den dau nam 1971,
each
mang gianh quyen lam
chii
them
3600
ap vdi 3 trieu dan.
c.
Cugc
tien
cong
chien
luge
nam 1972
Bude
vao nam 1972, quan ta md
cugc
tien cong chien luge tu ngay 30 - 3
danh

vao Quang Trj, lay Quang Trj lam hudng tien cong
chii
ye'u, rdi phat
trien
rgng ra
khip
chien trudng mien Nam, keo dai trong nam 1972.
Quan ta tien cong dich vdi cuong do manh, quy mo Idn, tren hau khap eac
dja ban chien luge quan trgng. Chi trong
thdi
gian ngan (den eudi thang 6 -
1972),
quan ta
choc
thiing
ba phdng tuyen manh nhat eiia dich, la Quang Tri,
Tay Nguyen, Dong Nam Bg, loai khoi vong chien da'u hon 20 v?n djch, giai
phdng
nhieu
viing
dat dai rgng Idn va dong dan.
Sau don md dau bat ngd ciia quan ta, quan dgi Sai Gon cd su yem trg eiia
Ml
da phan cong lai, gay cho ta nhieu thiet hai; con MI trd lai chien tranh pha
pha hoai mien Bac. .
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
Cupc
tien
con^
chien

luoc
nam 1972 da
^^idn;^
don
nqng
nevao
chien
luge
"Viet
Nam hod
chien
tranh",
buoc
Ml
phdi
tui/en
bo "Mi hod" tra lai
chien
tranh
xdm
luge
(tiec
thim
nhqn
that
bqi cua "Vict Nam hod
chien
tranh").
d.
Tinh

dodn
kit
chien
dau cua
quan
dan
Viet
Nam, Lao va
Campuchia
trong
chien
dau
chong
chien
luge
"Vi(t Nam hod
chien
tranh"
va
"Dong
Duong
hod
chien
tranh"
cua Mi
Chien dau chong chien \ugc "Vi^t Nam hoa chien tranh" la chong lai
cuoc
chien tranh xam luge toan dien dugc tang cuong va mo rgng ra toan Dong
Duong,
vua chien dau chong chien djch tren chien truong, vua dau tranh vol

djch tren ban dam phan.
Trong hai nam 1970 - 1971, nhan dan ta cung voi nhan dan hai
nuoc
Campuchia va Lao gianh nhung thang Igi c6 y nghia chien luge tren mat tran
quan sy va chinh trj.
Trong hai ngay 24 va ngay 25 - 4 - 1970, Hoi nghj cap cao ba
nuoc
Vi^t Nam
- Lao -Campuchia hop nham bieu thj quyet tam ciia nhan dan ba
nuoc
Dong
Duong
doan ke't chien dau chong Ml.
Tu
ngay 30 - 4 den ngay 30 - 6 - 1970, quan dpi Viet Nam c6 su phol hgp ciia
quan dan Campuchia da dap tan
cupc
hanh quan xam luge Campuchia va
quan dpi Sai Gon, loai khoi vong chien dau
17.000
djch, giai phong nhieu vung
rpng
Ian dat dai voi 4,5 trieu dan.
Tu
ngay 12 - 2 den ngay 23 - 3 - 1971, quan dpi Viet Nam c6 su phoi hgp cua
quan dan Lao da tap tan
cupc
hanh quan mang ten "Lam Son -719" chiem
giii
duong

9 -Nam Lao cua 4,5 van quan MI va quan dpi Sai Gon, loai khoi vong
chien dau
22.0000
djch, duoi het quan Mi va quan dpi Sai Gon khoi duong 9
Nam
Lao, giu hanh lang chien luge
each
mang Dong Duong.
5. Nhung diem
giong
va
khac
nhau
giua
hai chien
luge
"Chien
tranh
eye bp"
(1965
-1968)
va "Vi?t Nam hoa chien
tranh"
(1969
-1973)
cua MI 6 mien Nam.
Tieu
chi
so sanh
Nhung diem

giong
va
khac
nhau
Chien
tranh
cue bp
Vi?t
Nam hoa
chien
tranh
Giong nhau: - Deu la chien luge chien tranh xam luge
theo
kieu thuc dan
moi
cua MT
nham
chong lai
each
mang va nhan dan Vi^t Nam.
- Deu su dung co van MT, vu khi va phuong tien chien tranh cua MT.
- Deu dung luc lugng quan dpi nguy, nguy quyen de lam tay sai dac luc eho
chiing.
IS-?
Ve quy mo
Vua gay "chien
tranh
cue bp" 6
mien
Nam, vira gay

chien tranh pha
hpai
a mien Bac
Khac
nhau
Ve am muu,
thu
doan
Ke't qua
Voi
muc tieu la
vua tieu di?t quan
ehu luc vua binh
djnh
mien Nam,
pha hoai mien Bac.
Luc lugng tham
chien dong, gom ca
MT,
ehu hau, nguy,
trong
do quan MT
giir
vai tro quan
trpng
va khong
ngung
tang len ve
so' lugng va trang
bj.

Chung sir dung
vu
khi hi^n dai, hoa
lye manh ca tren bp,
tren
khong, tren
bien, toe dp nhanh
va mo lien tue nhieu
chien djch nham
"tim
diet" va "binh
djnh"
vao "Dat thanh
Vi^t
cpng".
Vua gay chien tranh 6
Vi$t
Nam, vu-a mo rpng
chien tranh xam luge
Lao, Campuchia.
Bj that bai, phai
chap
nhan ngoi vao
ban dam phan voi
ta 6 Hpi nghj Pari
de giai quyet van de
Vif
t
Nam.
Dugc tien hanh

bSng
luc lugng quan dgi Sai
Gon la ehu ye'u, c6 su
phoi
hgp ve hoa luc va
khong
quan MT, va van
do MT chi huy bang hf
tho'ng
CO
van.
- Riit dan quan MT va
quan dong minh khoi
chien tranh de giam
xuong mau. Tang cuong
luc lugng quan dgi Sai
Gon nh^m thuc hi^n am
muu
"Dung nguoi Vi^t
danh nguoi Viet".
- Dung luc lugng quan
dgi
Sai Gon de thuc hien
"Dong Duong hoa chien
tranh".
Thoa
thuan voi
Trung
Quoc, hoa hoan
voi

Lien X6 nham han
che su giup do ciia cac
nuoc
do do'i voi
euge
khang chien ciia nhan
dan ta.
That bai, phai
chap
nhan
ki
ke't Hiep djnh Pari,
eong nhan doc lap, ehii
quyen, thong nha't va
toan v?n lanh tho cua
Viet Nam.
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
6. Thai ki tvr nam 1969 den nam 1973: Mien Nam dau
tranh
chong
chinh
sach
"binh dinh, laun
chiem",
tao the va Ivc
tien
toi giai
phong
hoan
toan

mien Nam
Vol
Hi^p
dinh
Pari nam 1973, ta
"ddnh
cho Mi cut". Ngay 29 - 3 - 1973, toan
linh
Ml cuoi ciing da rut khoi
nuoc
ta. Nhung MI van giO lai hon 2 van co van
quan su, lap ra Bp chi huy quan su, tiep tuc vien tro quan su,
kinh
techo
chinh
quyen Sai Gon.
Dugc
CO
van Mi chi huy va nh^n vi^n trq cua MT, chinh quyen Sai Gon
ngang nhien pha hoai Hiep djnh Pari, chung huy dong gan nhu toan bo lut
lugng
tien hanh chien djch
"tran
ngap
lanh
tho", lien tiep mo nhirng
cuoc
hanh
quan "Binh
dinh

- Ian
chiem"
viing
giai phong. Day thuc
chat
la hanh dpng tiep
tyc chien luoc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" cua Nichxon.
Ve phia ta, vi^c ki Hiep djnh Pari ve
cham
dut chien tranh 6 Viet Nam,
viec
quan dpi xam lupc Mi
riit
khoi
nuac
ta, da tao nen su thay doi can ban trong so
sanh
luc lugng gii>a
each
mang va phan
each
mang c6 Igi cho
CUQC
dau tranh
cua nhan dan 6 mien Nam.
Trong
cuoc
dau tranh chong djch
"hinh
dinh

- Ian
chiem",
chong am muu
"tran
ngap
lanh
tho" cua chiing vao nhiing thang dau nam sau ki hi^p djnh,
quan dan ta da dat duoc mot so ket qua nha't djnh. Nhung do khong danh gia
het am muu pha hoai Hiep djnh ciia dich, do qua nhan manh den hoa binh,
hoa hgp dan tpc nen tren mot so dja ban quan trong, ta bj mat dat, mat dan.
Thang 7 - 1973, Ban
Chap
hanh Trung uong Dang hop Hoi nghj Ian thu 21
Hpi
nghj neu ro nhiem vu co ban cua
each
mang mien Nam trong gia doan
hi^n
tai la tiep tuc
cuoc
each
mang dan toe dan ehii nhan dan. Hoi nghi nhan
manh trong bat eu
tinh
hinh nao ciing phai tiep tuc con duong
each
mang bao
lire,
phai nim vCrng chien luge tien cong, kien quyet dau tranh tren ca ba mat
tran

quan su, chinh
tri,
ngoai giao.
Thue
hi^n Nghj quyet Hoi nghj Trung uong Ian thu 21 eua Dang, tu cuoi
nam 1973 quan dan ta 6 mien Nam vua kien quyet danh tra quyet danh djch,
bao v^
viing
giai phong, vua chii dong mo nhirng
euge
tien cong djch, mo rgng
vung
giai phong.
Cuoi
nam 1974, dau nam 1975, ta mo dot
boat
dong quan su Dong - Xuan
vao huong Nam Bg, trgng tarn la dong bang
song
Cuu Long va Dong Nam Bg.
Quan ta da gianh thang Igi vang dpi trong chien djch Duong 14 -
Phuoc
Long.
* Y
nghia
cua
chien
thang
Phieac
Long:

Voi
chien thang
Phuoc
Long chung to quan chu luc Sai Gon da den luc
khong con du kha nang chiem
giii
nhiing vimg dat quan trgng tren dien rgng.
154
Lam cho
tinh
than chien dau cua quan dpi Sai Gon them hoang mang, mat
tinh
than chien dau.
Chung to kha nang moi cua quan dan ta co the gianh thang Igi Ion trong
thoi
gian ngan voi toe dg nhanh. Chien thang
Phuoc
Long la co so de Bg Chinh
tri
quyet
dinh
giai phong mien Nam trong nam 1975.
Sau chien thang nay eiia ta, chinh quyen Sai Gon phan ung manh va dua
quan chiem lai, nhung da that bai. Con Mi chi phan ung yeu 6t, chu ye'u
diing
ap luc tu xa de doa.
Phoi hgp voi dau tranh quan su, nhan dan ta 6 mien Nam day manh dau
tranh
chinh tri, ngoai
giao

nhSm
to cao hanh dgng eiia Mi va chinh quyen Sai
Gon vi pham Hi^p djnh, pha hoai hoa binh, hoa hgp dan toe, neu cao
tinh
chat
chinh
nghla
cupe
chien dau eiia nhan dan ta; doi lat do chinh quyen Nguyen
Van Thi$u, thuc hien cae quyen tu do, dan
chii
7. Hi?p dinh Pari ve vi|c
cham
dut chien
tranh
lap lai hoa binh d Vi|t Nam
a. Dau
tranh
doi
Mixudng
thang
chien
tranh
va
thuong
lumg
a Hoi
nghi
Pari
Dau 1967, sau thang Igi trong hai mua kho 1965 -1966 va 1966

-1967,
ta ehu
truong
mo them mat tran tien cong ngoai giao,
nhSm
to cao tgi ac eiia bgn xam
luge Ml, vach tran luan dieu hoa binh bjp bpm cua ehiing, neu
tinh
chat
chinh
nghla, lap truong
diing
din ciia ta, tranh
thii
rpng rai su dong
tinh
ling
hp eiia
du
luan
quoc
te.
Mue tieu dau tranh ngoai
giao
trude mat eiia ta la doi Mi
cham
dut khong
dieu
ki?n chien tranh pha hoai mien Bae, coi do la dieu ki?n tien quyet de di
den thuong lupng 6 ban hpi nghj.

Ngay 31 - 3 - 1968, sau don bat ngo ciia
cupe
Tong tien cong va noi day Tet
Mau
Than eiia quan ta, Gionxon tuyen bo ngirng nem bom ban pha mien Bae
tir
VI
tuyen 20 tro ra va bat dau noi den thuong lupng voi Vi^t Nam.
Ngay 13 - 5 - 1968,
cuoc
thuong lupng chinh thue hai ben, giua dai
difn
Chinh
phii
Viet Nam Dan chii Cong hoa va dai di^n Chinh
phii
Hoa Ki a Pari
hpp
phien dau tien.
Ngay 1 - 11 - 1968, Gionxon tuyen bo'ngung nem bom ban pha tren toan
mien
Bac. Tu day, dau tranh giua ta va Mi chii yeu
xoay
quanh van de hinh
thuc, thanh phan hpi nghi va da di den thong nha't ve hinh thuc Hpi nghj Bon
ben giCra Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hoa. Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam
Viet Nam (sau do la Chinh
phii
each
mang lam thoi Cpng hoa mien Nam Vi?t

Nam) Hoa Ki va Viet Nam Cpng hoa (Chinh quyen Sai Gon).
Hpi
nghj bon ben ve Viet Nam chinh thue hpp phien dau tien ngay 25 -1 -
1969 tai Pari.
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b.
Hiep
dinh
Pari 1973 ve
chant
dut
chien
tranh,
lap lai hoa
binh
d
Viet
Nam
Quan diem cua ta: doi M7 rut het quan ciia
minh
va quan dong
minh
i<h6i
mien
Nam va doi ho ton trong cac quyen dan toe co ban eiia nhan dan Viet
Nam
va quyen tu quye't cua nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam.
Phia Ml
CO
quan diem nguge lai, nha't la van de rut quan, doi quan doi mien

Bac cung rut khoi mien Nam, va tu choi ki du thao Hiep djnh do phia Viet
Nam
dua ra (10 - 1972) de mo cupc tap kich khong quan bMng may bay 552 va
Ha
Noi, Hai Phong trong 12 ngay dem cuoi nam 1972 voi y do
buoc
phia Viet
Nam
ki du thao Hiep djnh do Mi dua ra.
Nhung
Ml da that bai, Viet Nam da dap tan
cuoc
tap kich khong quan bang
may bay B52 ciia MT, lam nen tran "Trqn Dien Bicn Phu
tren
khong",
sau do
buoc
Ml
tro lai ki du thao Hiep djnh Pari do ta dua ra truoc do.
Hiep
djnh Pari ve cham dut chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh 6 Vi^t Nam dupe
ki
tMt ngay
23-1-1973
giua dai dien hai chinh
phii
Viet Nam Dan
chii
Cpng hoa

va Hoa Ki, va ki chinh thue ngay
27-1-1973
gii>a bon Bp truong dai di?n eho
cac chinh
phii
tham du hoi nghi tai Pari. Hiep
dinh
Pari bat daiu c6 hien luc tu
ngay ki chinh thue.
* Noi
dung
Hiep
dinh
goni
nhimg
dicu
khodn
ca ban:
Hoa Ki va cac nuoc cam ke't ton trpng doe lap,
chii
quyen, thong nha't va
toan v?n lanh tho cua Viet Nam.
Cupc ngung ban 6 mien Nam Vi^t Nam dupe thue hi?n vao 24 gio ngay
27 - 1 - 1973. Hoa Ki cam ke't eha'm dut mpi hoat dpng quan su ehong mien Bac
Viet
Nam.
Hoa Ki rut het quan dpi ciia
minh
va quan dong
minh

trong
thoi
han 60
ngay ke tu khi ki hiep djnh, huy bo cac can cu quan su Mi, cam ke't khong tie'p
tue
dinh
liu quan su
hoac
can thiep vao cong viee noi bp ciia mien Nam Viet Nam.
Nhan
dan mien Nam Viet Nam tu quye't djnh tuong lai chinh trj thong qua
tong
tuyen cu tu do, khong co su can
thi^p
ciia nuoc ngoai.
Hai
mien Nam - BSc Viet Nam se thuong lupng ve vifc thong nha't da't nuoc
khong
co sy can thiep cua nuoc ngoai.
Hai
ben tie'n hanh trao tra tu binh va dan thuong bj bat.
Cac ben cong nhan thue te mien Nam Viet Nam co hai chinh quyen, hai
quan dpi, hai
vimg
kiem
soat
va ba luc lupng chinh trj (luc lupng
each
mang,
lye lupng hoa binh

trung
lap va lye lupng chinh quyen Sai Gon).
Hoa Ki cam ke't gop phan vao vi^c han gan vet thuong chien tranh 6 Viet
Nam
va Dong Duong tie'n toi thie't lap quan he moi, binh dang va cung co Ipi
gii>a hai nuoc.
Cty
TNHH
MTV DWH
KhaPi^lW
* Y
nghia:
Hiep
djnh Pari ve Viet Nam la thang Ipi ciia su ke't hop giua da'u tranh quan
sy da'u tranh chinh tri va da'u tranh ngoai giao, la ke't qua ciia cupc da'u tranh
Icien cuong, bat khua't ciia quan dan ta 6 hai mien da't nuoc, mo ra
buoc
ngoat
moi
ciia cupc khang chien ehong Mi cuu nuoc eiia dan toe.
Voi
Hiep djnh Pari, MT phai cong nhan cac quyen dan toe co ban ciia nhan
dan
ta, phai
riit
het quan ve nuoc. Do la th^ng Ipi Ijch su quan
trpng,
tao ra
thoi
CO

thuan Ipi de nhan dan ta tie'n len giai phong toan mien Nam.
c.
Nhung
diem
giong
vd
khdc
nhau
giica
Hiep
dinh
Gianevo
veDong
Duong
nam 1954 vd
Hiep
dinh
Pari ve
Viet
Nam nam 1973
Tieu
chi
so sanh
Nhung
diem
giong
va khac
nhau
Hif
p dinh Gioneva

Hi^p
dinh Pari
Hoan
canh
Giong
nhau
Ca Hiep djnh Gionevo va Hiep djnh Pari deu dien
ra trong
liic
ta lien tie'p gianh dupe nhiing thing Ipi
ve quan sy, tao nen the ap dao,
buoc
ke
thii
phai
chap
nhan dam phan.
Khac
nhau
Hiep
djnh Gionevo
dupe ki ke't trong
liic
thyc dan
Phap
bj that
bai hoan toan 6 chien
djeh Dien Bien
Phii.
Ta

ki
Hiep djnh de
buoc
thyc dan
Phap
cong
nhan cac quyen dan toe
CO
ban ciia ba nuoc
Dong
Duong.
Hiep
djnh Pari dupe ki
ke't trong
liic
Mi moi chi
bj that bai trong chien
lupc
"Viet Nam hoa
chien tranh" 6 mien
Nam
va chien tranh pha
hoai Ian thu hai 6 mien
Bac. Ta ki Hiep
dinh
de
buoc
Ml
riit
quan Ml va

quan dong
minh
eiia MT
ve nuoc, de eho nhan
dan
Vi^t Nam ty quye't
djnh
tuong lai chinh trj
eiia
minh.
Npi
dung
Giong
nhau
- Deu
buoc
ke thu pha cong nhan cac quyen dan
toe
CO
ban ciia nuoc ta.
- Ca hai Hi?p
dinh
deu dat
vari
de ngung bin de giai
quye't cac van de
khac
bang con duong hoa binh.
- Deu dat van de thong nha't da't nuoc thong qua viee
thuong

luong khong co su can thiep ciia nuoc ngoai.
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Khac
nhau
-
Cac ben
tham
dy hpi
nghi
cam ket ton
trpng
cac quyen
dan tpc ca
ban
cua ba
nuoc Dong
Duong.
-
Cac ben
tham chien
thuc hi?n
cupc
tap ket
chuyen quan, chuyen
giao khu vyc.
- Quan dpi nhan dan Vi?t
Nam
va
quan vien chinh
Phap

tap ket 6 hai
mien
Nam
- BSc. Sau
do, quan
Phap
nit ve nuoc.
-
Hoa Ki va cac
nuoc
cam
ket ton
trpng
cac
quyen
dan tpc co ban
ciia Vi?t Nam.
- Hai
ben
tien hanh trao
tra
til
binh
va dan
thuong
bi b3i.
-
Cac ben
cong nhan
thuc

te
mien
Nam
Vi^t
Nam
CO hai chinh quyen,
hai
quan dpi,
hai
vung
kiem
soat
va ba lye
lupng
chinh trj.
Y nghia
Giong
nhau
-
La
phap li
quoc
te'cong
nhan
cac
quyen dan tpc
co
ban ciia nhan dan Vi?t Nam.
- Deu
la ket qua cua qua

trinh
dau
tranh
va
gianh
thang Ipi tren mat tran quan sir ciia quan dan
ta.
-
Deu la
thMng Ipi
to Ion
nhung
chua
trpn
v?n,
vi
van
con tie'p tuc dau tranh chong
ke
thu.
Khac
nhau
- Danh
dau
budc thang
Ipi
ciia
cupc
khang chien
chong Phap, mien

B3c
hoan toan giai phong.
-
Bupc
Phap
phai chain
dut
chien tranh
xam
lupc,
nit
het
quan dpi
ve
nuoc.
- Day
la
thSng Ipi
lich
sii
quan
trpng,
tao ra
thoi
CO
thuan
Ipi de
nhan
dan
ta

tien
len
giai
phong
toan mien Nam.
-
Mi
riit
quan
Mi va
quan dong
minh
ciia Mi
ve nuoc nhung
chua
chap
nhan
vi^c
cham
dut
chien tranh
6 Vi|t
Nam,
Mi van
tie'p
tyc
vi?n
trp cho
ngyy tie'p
tyc chien tranh.

,
Giii
phong hoan toan mien Nam, gianh toan v?n lanh
tho
a. Chu
truang,
kehoach
giai
phong
mien
Nam
*
Thai
ca
chien
luge
xuat
hien:
Sau Hi^p
dinh
Pari nam
1973,
trudc nhiing
am
muu
va
hanh dpng moi ciia
jvC
va
chinh quyen

Sai
Gon,
each
mang mien Nam van tie'p tyc con duong
each
iri?ng
bao
luc,
giii
viing
va
phat trien the tien cong djch.
Cuoi
nam 1974 dau nam 1975,
quan
ta mo
nhieu
cupc
tan
cong dich,
tao
the'ap
dao
djch,
dac
bi§t
la
chien djch Duong
14 -
Phuac

Long
vao
ngay
6 - 1 -
1975. Voi chien thang
Phuoc
Long lam
cho
quan dpi
Sai
Gon ngay
cang
bat lye
trong
chien dau
va
kha nang
can
thiep bang quan
su
ciia MI rat han
che. Do la
dieu
ki^n
de
quan
ta
tien
len
gianh thang Ipi cuoi ciing trong

su
nghi^p chong
Ml
ciiu
nuoc.
» Chii
truang,
kehoach
giai
phong
mien
Nam:
Khi
thoi
CO xuat hi^n.
Bp
Chinh trj Trung uong Dang quyet
dinh
giai phong
mien
Nam trong hai nam
1975 va 1976.
"'
Tuy
nhien.
Bp
Chinh tri nhan m^inh
"ca nam 1975 la
thai
ca" va chi ro "neu

thai
ca den vao dau hoac
cuoi
nam 1975 thi lap
tiec
giai
phong
mien
Nam
trong
nam
1975"
Bp
chinh
trj
cung nhan manh
sy can
thie't tranh
thii
thai
co
danh thang
nhanh
de do
thi^t
hai
ve
nguoi
va
ciia

cho
nhan dan,
giu
gin
tot co so
kinh
te,
cong
trinh
van hoa giam bot
su
tan pha ciia chien tranh.
b.
CuQC
Tong
tien
cong
vd noi day
Xudn
1975
Cupc tong tien cong
va noi day
Xuan
1975 da
diln
ra
trong
gan 2
thang
(tu

4 - 3
den
2 - 5) qua 3
chien dich Ion:
Tay
Nguyen, Hue
- Da
Nang
va
chien
djch
Ho Chi
Minh.
*
Chien
dich
Tay
Nguyen
(tif 3-4 den 24 - 3)
Tay Nguyen
la
dia
ban
chie'n lupc
het sue
quan
trpng,
ca ta va
dich
deu co

nim
giir.
Nhung
do
nhan
dinh
sai
hudng tien cong ciia quan
dan ta,
djch cho't
giu
o day
mpt
lyc
lupng mong,
bo
phong
co
nhieu
co so. Can cii vao
do.
Bp
p\inh
trj
Trung uong Dang
ta
quyet djnh chpn
Tay
Nguyen
lam

huong tien
C
g
chii
yeu trong nam
1975.
rhyc hi^n
ke
hoach,
ta tap
trung
chii
lyc m^nh vai vu khi ki thuat hi^n dgi,
chien djch quy
mo
Ion
6 Tay
Nguyen. Tran then chot
mo
man
6
Buon
Me
Thupt
ngay
10 - 3 -1975 da
gianh thang Igi, (truac do, ngay
4 - 3,
quan
ta

danh
f
hi
binh
6
Playku
va
Kon Tum nham thu
hiit
quan djch
vao
huong do). Ngay
-
3
-1975,
djch phan cong chiem lai Buon Me Thupt nhung khong thanh.
159
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Sau hai don 6 Buon Ma ThuQt (vac cac ngay 10 va 12 - 3), h$ thong phong
thu
cua djch 6 Tay Nguyen rung chuyen, quan djch mat
tinh
than, hang ngO
ro'i
loan.
Ngay 14 - 3 - 1975, Nguyen Van Thi^u ra lenh rut toan bg quan Tay Nguyen
ve giu vCrng duyen hai mien Trung. Tren duong
riit
chay,
chiing bi quan

truy
kich
tieu di^t. Deh ngay 24 - 3 - 1975, Tay Nguyen rpng Ion voi 60 van dan
hoan toan giai phong.
Chien
dich
Tay
Nguyen
thang
lai da
chiiycn
awe
khdng
chien
chong
Ml
ci'ni
nteac
sang
giai
dean
mai: tit
tien
cong
chien
luge
a Tay
Nguyen
phdt
trien

thanh
Tdhg
tien
cong
chien
lime
tren
toan
chien
truvng
mien
Nam.
*
Chien
dich
Hue- Da Nhg (tir 21-3 den 29 - 3)
Nhan tha'y thoi co chien luge den nhanh, het sue thuan Igi, ngay khi chien
djch Tay Nguyen dang tiep dien. Bp Chinh trj co quyet
dinh
kjp thoi ke
hoach
giai
phong Sai Gon va toan mien Nam, truoc tien tien hanh chien djch giai
phong Hue - Da Nang.
Ngay 21 - 3, quan ta danh thang vao can cii djch,
chan
cac duong
riit
chay
ciia chung, hinh thanh

thebao
vay chung trong thanh pho Hue.
Diing
10 gio
30 ngay 25 - 3, quan ta tien vao co do Hue^ den horn sau (26 - 3) thi giai phong
thanh pho va toan
tinh
Thua Thien.
Da
Ning,
thanh pho Ion thu hai a mien Nam, mot can cu quan su lien hop
Ion
nha't ciia MI va quan dpi Sai Gon roi vao
theco
lap. Hon 10 van djch don u
ve day tro nen hon loan, mat kha nang chien dau.
Sang
29 - 3, quan ta tu ba
phia BSc, Tay, Nam tien thang vao thanh pho, den 3 gio chieu thi chiem toan
bp Da Nang.
Trong cung thoi gian tren, tu cuoi thang 3 den thang 4, nhan dan cac
tinh
con lai 6 ven bien mien Trung, Nam Tay Nguyen va mot so'tinh 6 Nam Bp, co
su ho trp cua luc lupng vu trang dja phuong va quan chii luc, da noi day gianh
quyen lam chu.
*
Chien
dich
Ho Chi Minh (tie 26 - 4 den 30 - 4)
Sau thang Ipi Chien djch Tay Nguyen va Hue - Da Nang, Bp Chinh tri

Trung
uong Dang ta nhan djnh
"Thai
ca
chien
luge
da. den, ta co
dieu
kien
hoan
thanh
sam
quyel
tarn
giai
phong
mien
Nam"; tu do di den quyet
dinh
"Phdi
tap
trung
nhanh
nhd't
luc
lugng,
binh
khi kt
thuat
va vat

chat
giai
phong
mien
Nam
truac
miia
mua
(truac
thdng
5 -
1975)".
Chien djch giai phong Sai Gon dupe Bp Chinh
trj
quyet
dinh
mang ten
Chien
dich
Ho Chi Minh (14 - 4
-1975).
Truoc khi bat dau chien djch giai phong Sai Gon, quan ta tien cong Xuan
Lpc va
Phan
Rang
-
Nhiing
can cu phong
thii
trpng yeu cua djch bao v^ Sai

Gon tu phia Dong.
17 gio
nj;,i\6 - 4, quan ta dupe l#nh tong no siing mo dau ehien djch,
anh quan vupt qua tuyen phong
thii
vong ngoai cua djch tien vao trung tarn
i
Gon, danh chiem cac co quan dau nao ciia chung.
10 gio 45 phut ngay 30 - 4, xe tang ciia ta tien thang vao Dinh Dpc Lap, bat
song
toan bp Chinh
phii
Trung uong Sai Gon, (Duong Van
Minh
vua len
chue
Tong thong Chinh phu Sai Gon ngay 28 - 4) da phai tuyen bo dau hang khong
dieu
ki?n. 11 gio 30
phiit
cung ngay, la co
each
mang tung bay tren noc Dinh
Dpc Lap bao hi?u sy toan thang Chien dich Ho Chi
Minh
lich su.
9. Ngh? thuat xay dung the tran chien luge trong Tong tien cong va noi day
mua Xuan 1975
Thoi
CO

de quan va dan ta mo
cupe
Tong tien cong chien lupc nam 1975 la
tren co so thMng Ipi ciia
cupc
tien cong chien lupc nam 1972 6 chien truong
mien Nam,
buoc
dau ta da tieu di^t luc lupng Ion quan djch va giai phong mpt
so vung dat dai ciing voi don danh bai
cupc
chien tranh pha hoai bang khong
quan ciia djch ra mien Bac, bupe Mi phai ngoi vao dam phan voi ta tai Hpi
nghi
Pa-ri
(27-1-1973).
Sau that bai nang ne do, djch da suy yeu toan di^n ca ve luc lupng, the tran
va
tinh
than. So
sanh
luc lupng tren chien truong co Ipi cho ta va bat Ipi cho
djch, nhung nguy quan Sai Gon van con co su vien trp ve vu khi va
giiip
do
ciia
CO
van quan sy duoi dang co van hanh chinh ciia Mi. Chinh quyen ngyy
Sai Gon ra sue pha hoai Hiep
dinh

Pa-ri, tang cuong mo cac
cupc
hanh quan
Ian chiem vung giai phong ciia ta.
Truoc
tinh
hinh do. Bp Chinh trj. Ban
Chap
hanh Trung uong Dang ha
quyet tarn lich su giai phong hoan toan mien Nam trong 2 nam
1975-1976,
ne'u
thoi
CO
den som thi giai phong hoan toan mien Nam trong nam 1975. Dong
thoi,
nha't tri phe chuan phuong an ciia Bp Tong tham muu la chpn Nam Tay
Nguyen lam huong tien cong chien lupc chii yeu, day la huong djch tuy ;
manh nhung co nhieu so ho va la noi co
tinh
chat
hiem yeu, se gay bat ngo Ion,
cSt doi chien truong toan mien Nam, lam dao Ipn the chien lupc ciia djch.
Trong
cupc
Tong tien cong va noi day miia Xuan 1975, ta tien hanh 3 chien
ich
Ion. Day la ba don tien cong chien lupc, the hi?n ro ngh^ thuat chi dao tac
ie'n chien lupc, dac bi^t la
nghe

thuat xay dung the tran chien lupc.
Truoc het, la the tran
diing
chan
ciia cac binh doan chii luc. The tran ciia ta
the tran ciia chien tranh nhan dan da dupe xay dung tir daiu
cupc
chien
tranh,
do chien tranh nhan dan phat trien cao, nen cac binh doan chii luc ciia ta
da
dirng
chan
6 phia Nam vT tuyen 17, lap the tien cong 6 phia tay chien tuyen
ciia djch, tir vl tuyen 17 den Sai Gon, den dong b3ng
song
Ciru Long. Cac binh
161
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doan chu li^c ciia ta khong tie'n cong djch tu phia BSc vT tuyen 17, khong danh
vao chieu dpc chien tuyen cua djch. Boi vi, neu ta mo
cupc
tong tie'n cong tu
phia
B3c vT tuyen 17 danh
theo
chieu doc chien tuyen cua djch, c6 dp day va
chieu sau ion tu Quang Tri den Hue - Da Nang - Nha Trang thi kha nang va
sue dpt pha khong du manh de tieu di?t djch, pha vo cac tuyen phong ngu
cua chung. Do do, cac binh doan chu lyc cua ta trien khai dung chan 6 phia tay

chien tuyen cua dich, chi
each
Hue - Da Nang khoang tu 30 den 40km, tham
chi
cung dung chan a sat nach Sai Gon, chi
each
phia Tay Bae Sai Gon khoang
60km, thue hanh tien cong djch la hgp li, de
choc
thiing
va chia eat cac tuyen
phong
ngv ciia dich, gianh thang Ipi nhanh chong.
The tran trien khai tu phia tay danh vao chieu ngang dpi
hinh
mong ye'u
cua dich, khong eo chieu sau, thi ta c6 the nhanh chong danh ehiem chien
tuyen
phong ngu eo ban cua dich tren duong so 1. 6 Hue, Da Nang va Tam Ki,
ta chi can mpt Ian dpt pha chien djch la c6 the dat toi chieu sau chien lupc.
Thue
teta
danh tu phia Tay cac thanh pho Hue^ Da
Ning
va thj xa Tam Ki thi
tuyen
phong ngu ciia djch khong c6 chieu sau chien lupe ma chi c6 chieu sau
chien dich. Vi cac binh doan ehii lyc ciia ta dung san a phia Bac Sai Gon, nen
Sai Gon gan nhu khong eon chieu sau chien lupc, tao dieu kien cho ta nhanh
chong pha vo chien tuyen, lam syp do nhanh chong the tran chien lupe ciia

dich.
The tran chien lupc ma ta tao dupe da chia cat the tran, pha dupe the lien
hoan chien lupc eiia dich, c6 lap va chia eat cac tap doan lue lupng eiia dich ra
timg
cym, kho c6 the
ling
euu dupe nhau, ta tie'n cong vao dau ciing de gianh
dupe thang Ipi, de phat trien tie'n cong, khue'ch truong thang Ipi truoe de gianh
thang Ipi sau Ion hon, thang Ipi sau tao cho ta mpt the tran
viing
chae
hon de
tie'n
cong de b?p dich nhanh chong. Day la net dae sac trong xay dyng the tran
chien lupc ciia ta. Trong chien djeh Tay Nguyen, tran Buon Ma Thupt la tran
then chot dau tien c6 y nghla quye't djnh vi, giang mot don sa'm set rat nhanh
vao tran dja - tuyen phong ngy ciia dich, mo ra va thiic day su phat trien Ion
ve the'ehie'n lupe eiia ta, pha vo the chien lupc eiia dich. Tran
thii
2 6 Hue - Da
Nang,
ta da giang mpt don rat manh, rat nhanh cCing eo y nghla then chot
quye't djnh, lam dao Ipn the chien lupc eiia djch, tao ra eye di^n chien tranh
mod,
gay ra dpt bien ehieh tranh, tao dieu ki^n vo cung thuan Ipi cho don
thii
ba la chien djeh Ho Chi
Minh
thanh mpt tran then chot quye't djnh, ke't thiic
chien tranh.

The tr$n ciia
eupe
tong tie'n cong va noi day mua Xuan 1975 la mpt the tran
chien tranh nhan dan, trien khai tu Quang Trj qua Tay Nguyen den Sai Gon, la
mpt
the tran danh tir phia tay
sang
phia dong, danh cat giao thong, theket hpp
162
ac vung, mien va sy noi day ciia quan chiing. Xay dyng the
tr|in
chien lupc
nhu
the, bupc djch phai phan tan doi pho de ta c6 dieu ki^n tap
trung
lyc
lupng
danh cac don chien lupc quye't
dinh
6 Tay Nguyen, Hue - Da Nang, roi
phat trien thang Ipi giai phong Nam Trung Bp. Tren da thang
Ipi,
ta
diing
tat ca
lyc
lupng,
ca quan doan tong dy bi chien lupc va lyc lupng 6 Dong bang song
Cuu
Long, cung tap doan chien lupc phia Nam da dung chan san 6 ngoai vi

Sai Gon thye hi?n don chien lupe then chot quye't djnh giai phong Sai Gon mpt
each
nhanh gpn.
Nghe thuat xay dyng the tran chien lupe trong
cupc
Tong tien cong va noi
day miia Xuan 1975 la mpt
nghe
thuat dpc dao tai
tinh,
day
sang
tao ciia chien
tranh
nhan dan Vi?t Nam, la bude phat trien rye ro, la
dinh
cao ciia
nghe
thuat
quan sy chien tranh nhan dan Vi?t Nam trong
thoi
dai Ho Chi
Minh.
Do la
bieu tupng
sang
ngoi ciia
nghe
thuat chi dao tac chien chien lupc tai
gioi

ciia
Dang va tu tuong quan sy Ho Chi
Minh.
10. Nhung thing Ipi c6 y nghla chien lupc ciia quan dan ta 6 mien Nam
tren
cac m|t
tran
quan sy, chinh tri,
ngoai
giao
trong
khang chien
chong
MT, cuu
nuorc
(1954
-1975).
Thai
gian
Quan sy
Chinh
tri
Ngoai
giao
Tu
nam 1954
Phong trao "Dong
Phong trao dau
Thye hien nhiing
den nam 1960

khoi"
nam 1959 -
tranh
hoa binh
dieu
khoan ciia
1960, tieu bieu la
nham
giii
gin va
HiQp
djnh
eupe
"Dong khoi
bao v^ lye lupng
Gionevo nam
"dBe'nTre(17-l
each
mang. Doi
1954 veDong
-1960)
da danh
Ml
- Diem thi
Duong.
bai chien tranh
hanh Hiep djnh
IV
mpt
phia eiia Mi.

Gionevo va doi
•1
hi^p
thuong tong
tuyen
cii.
Tu
nam 1961
Chien thang Binh
Phong trao dau
den nam 1965
Gia
tranh
chinh trj eiia
4.
(2-12-1964)
quan chiing nhan
danh
bai "Chien
dan
6 eae thanh
•f.
tranh
dae bi^t" pho Sai Gon, Hue^
ciia Ml.
Da Nang, noi bat
la
eupe
dau tranh
ciia dpi quan toe

dai,
eiia tin do
i
Phat
giao.
163
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Tir
nam 1965
den nam 1968
Tu
nam 1969
den nam 1973
CuQC
Tong tien
cong va noi day
Tet Mau Tiian
nam 1968 danh
bai
"Chien tranh
cue bo" ciia MI.
Cuoc
tien cong
chien iuac nam
1972 danh bai
chien luac "Vi^t
Nam
hoa chien
tranh"
ciia MT.

Tu
nam 1973
den nam 1975
Cuoc
Tong tien
cong va noi day
Xuan nam 1975 voi
ba chien djch: Tay
Nguyen,
Hue - Da
Nang
va chien
dich
Ho Chi
Minh
Ijch
sir, ket thuc
thang igi
CUQC
khang chien chong
MT
cuu nuoc.
Phong trao da'u
tranh
ciia cong
nhan,
cac tang lop
nhan dan lao
dong,
hoc sinh,

sinh
vien,
Phat
tir
doi MT rut ve
nuoc, doi tu do
dan
chii.
Phong trao da'u
tranh
ciia cac tang
lop
nhan dan 6
kh3p cac thanh thj
lien
tiep bung no.
Dac biet la 6 cac
thanh
pho Sai
Gon, Hue^ Da
Nang,
phong trao
hoc sinh, sinh
vien
no ra ram ro,
thu
hut dong dao
gioi
tre tham gia.
Phong trao da'u

tranh
to cao hanh
dong
ciia MT va
chinh
quyen Sai
Gon vi pham
Hiep
djnh
Pari,
pha hoai hoa
binh,
hoa hop
dan
toe.
Ngay
13-5-1968,
cuoc
thuong lugng
chi'nh
thuc hai ben,
giu-a
dai dien
ChinJi
phii
Vi^t
Nam
Dan
chii
Cong hoa va dai

dien
Chinh
phii
Hoa KT oPari hop
phien
dau tien.
Hiep
djnh
Pari ve
Viet
Nam
dugc
ki
ket va thuc hi^n vao
ngay
27-1-1973,
buoc
MT va cac
nuoc cam ket ton
trong
doc lap
chii
quyen,
thong nhat
va toan v?n lanh
tho
ciia Vi^t Nam.
MT
phai rut quan ve
nuocdecho

nhan
dan
mien Nam Viet
Nam
tu quyet
djnh
tuong
lai chinh trj
ciia
minh.
Tiep tuc thuc hi^n
cac dieu khoan
ciia Hiep
dinh
Pari nam 1973 ve
Viet
Nam.
164
CP/ TNHH MTYPVYH
Khang
Vift
\\ Hai su ki^n
dugc
danh gia la
buoc
phat
trien nhay vpt cua
each
mang
mien Nam. Nguyen nhan bung no

* Hai sif kicn
dime
danh
^id la
buac
phat tricn
nhay
vat cua
each
mang
mien
Nam
do
la:
Phong trao "Dong
khoi"
(1959 - 1960) 6 mien Nam gop phan quyet
djnh
trong
viec danh bai chien luoc chien tranh mpt phia ciia MT.
Cuoc
Tong tien cong va noi day Tet Mau Than nam 1968 gop phan quyet
dinh
trong viec danh bai chien luge "Chien tranh cue bp" ciia MT.
* Nguyen nhan:
- Phong trao "Dong
khoi"
(1959 -
1960):
Luc lugng

each
mang 6 mien Nam dugc
giir
gin va phat
trien
qua thuc tien
da'u
tranh chinh trj, hoa
binh,
doi thi hanh Hiep
djnh
Gianevo, tien len
diing
bao luc, ket hgp da'u tranh chinh trj voi da'u tranh vu trang, chuan bj cho su
biing
no phong trao
each
mang moi.
Chinh
quyen Ngo
Dinh
Diem tang cuong dan ap phong trao da'u tranh ciia
nhan dan (1957 -
1959),
lam cho mau thuan giira nhan dan mien Nam voi de
quoc
MT xam luge va tay sai phat
trien
gay gat, doi hoi phai co mot bien phap
quyet liet de dua

each
mang vugt qua kho khan,
thir
thach.
Hgi
nghj Ian
thir
15 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang (1 - 1959) khSng
djnh
con duong
each
mang bao luc, xac
djnh
phuong huong co ban ciia
each
mang
mien
Nam la
khoi
nghTa gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan bang eon duong
da'u
tranh chinh trj la
chii
ye'u, ket hgp voi da'u tranh vij trang, mo duong cho
each
mang mien Nam tien len.
-
Cuoc
Tong tien cong va noi day Tet Mau Than nam 1968:
Qua hai

euge
phan cong chien luge miia kho 1965 - 1966 va 1966 - 1967,
quan dan ta
lien
tiep danh bai cac
cuoc
hanh quan "tim diet" va
"binh
djnh"
.ciia MT - nguy, gianh uu the'tren chien truong mien Nam.
Nam
1968 la nam bau cir Tong thong 6 MT, noi bg mau thuan gay g3t, ta Igi
dung
CO
hgi do demo
cuoc
Tong tien cong va noi day.
12. So sanh
thoi
co
trong
Cach
mang
thang
Tarn nam 1945 voi
thoi
co
trong
cupc
Tong tien

cong
va noi day mua Xuan nam 1975. Bai hpc kinh nghif
m
ve
thoi
CO
each
mang.
' * Thai ca trang Cdch
mang
thang Tdm:
- Ve khach quan: Den thang 5 - 1945, phat xit Due bj tha't bai 6 mat tran
chau Au. Den ngay 14 - 8 - 1945, phat xit Nhat bi quan Dong
minh
danh bai,
ke thu chung ciia nhan loai tien bg bi tieu
di?t
hoan toan. Khi phat Nhat bj
ttanh
hai
rr mSt trSn rh5n A _ Thii Rinh n.fr»ncr l,im rhn bon Nhat n
Dnnff
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3Si
dudng
HSG
L/ch
St> 12 -
Ths.
rrucng Ngpc Thoi

Duong
va bpn tay sai ciia chving hoang mang den cue do. Day la co hpi khach
quan thuan loi cho
Cach
mang thang Tam gianh dupe th^ng Ipi nhanh chong,
it
do mau.
- Ve
chii
quan: Sau 15 nam ehuan bi ma true tiep la
thoi
ki tu nam 1941 tro
di,
lye lupng
each
mang cua nhan dan ta da co quy mo trong toan
quoc
va toan
dan
tpc, phong trao
each
mang cua quan ehiing da phat trien thanh cao trao.
Dang tien phong da
duoc
toi luyen day dan, da san
sang
hoan thanh su menh
phat dong va lanh dao nhan dan dung len dap tan che do eia, gianh dpc lap
dan
tpc, thanh lap chinh quyen nhan dan, xay dung che dp moi.

- Ve cac tang lop
trung
gian: Do bp mat cua phat xit Nhat va chinh phu
bu
nhin
Tran Trpng Kim ngay mpt phoi bay va vach tran; lai do Dang Cong san
Vi?t Nam co duong loi
each
mang
diing
dSn, cho nen cac tang lop
trung
gian
trong
xa hpi deu nga h3n ve phia
each
mang.
Nhu
vay,
thoi
co trong
Cach
mang thang Tam la su ket hop giua cac ye'u to
khach quan va ehu quan, trong do, ye'u to chu quan giu vai tro quyet djnh do
dua
Cach
mang thang Tam thanh cong.
*
Thai
ca

trong
each
mang
mien
Nam, ehu
ye'u
la
trong
cuoc
Tong
tien
cong
va noi
day
mita
Xuan nam 1975:
Trong
each
mang mien Nam, Dang ta su dung bao luc
each
mang voi hai
luc lupng chinh tri va quan su, ket hop
khoi
nghla tung phan eiia quan chung
6 nong thon voi chien tranh
each
mang, ket hpp dau tranh quan su, chinh tri
voi
ngoai giao, danh djeh tren ca ba vung chien lupc, bang ba
niii

giap cong,
ket hpp giua danh Ion, danh vua va danh nho cot nham khong ngung phat
trien
lye lupng
each
mang de tao ra
thoi
co, cho den khi
Hi#p
djnh Pari ki ket,
Ml riit
khoi
mien Nam. Hiep
dinh
Pari nam 1973 lai la mpt thai co de tien len
thyc hi^n
eupc
Tong tien cong va noi day mua Xuan nam 1975. Ban than
cupc
Tong tien cong va noi day Xuan nam 1975 ciing la mpt chuoi nhung khau xuat
hi^n
thoi
co va tao
thoi
co (thoi co chien lupc va thai co
each
mang). Nhieu khi
sai lam eiia djch trong nam 1975 nhu Nguyen Van Thi^u cho so tan
khoi
Tay

Nguyen
cung la thai co thiie day
each
mang tien len.
Nhu
vay,
thoi
co trong
each
mang mien Nam, nha't la trong
cupe
Tong tien
cong va noi day miia Xuan nam 1975 ehu ye'u dua vao cac dieu
kifn
ben trong,
khong
CO
dieu kien khach quan thuan Ipi nhu
Cach
mang thang Tam. Nhu ye'u
tochii
quan do do ta tao ra bang
each
tao luc, tao the'va tao thai co de tien len
danh
cho MI cut, nguy nhao, giai phong hoan toan mien Nam, thu giang son
ve mpt moi.
* Bat hoc
kinh
nghiem

velhai
ca
each
mang:
Kien
tri con duong
each
mang lau dai, ra sue xay dyng va chuan bi luc
lupng
ve mpi mat cho that
hiing
hau, vung
chic,
tuy
theo
su phat trien cua
tinh
hinh
khach quan va
chii
quan ma dua quan chung
each
mang ra dau tranh
de gianh thang Ipi tu nho den Ion, lam chuyen bie'n so
sanh
luc lupng co Ipi
cho
each
mang,
chii

dpng tao
tinh
the va thai co, loi dung
tinh
the va
thoi
co
khach quan thi co the gianh thang Ipi co ban, thang Ipi quyet djnh hay hoan
toan trong
thoi
gian ngan ma tiet
ki^m
dupe xuong mau.
Nho
bie't ehu dpng tao ra
tinh
the'va
thoi
co
each
mang ma Dang ta da lam
cho
each
mang phat trien voi toe dp "mpt ngay bang hai muoi nam".
III.
NHtyNG
THANG
LQI
CHUNG
CUA QUAN DAN HAI

MIEN
NAM -
BAC
Tl/ NAM 1954 DEN NAM 1975
1, Nhung thing Ipi ciia
quan
dan ta a hai mien dat
nuoc
tir nam 1954 den
nam 1960
*
Otnien
Bac:
Tu
nam 1954 den nam 1957, mien Bac da hoan thanh cong
cupc
cai
each
rupng
dat;
khoi
phuc
kinh
te^ han gan vet thuong chien tranh; tu nam 1958 den
nam 1960 mien Bac thue hien cong
cupc
cai tao xa hpi
chii
nghla.
Thang Ipi eiia mien Bac trong 6 nam cai

each
rupng dat,
khoi
phuc
kinh
te^
cai tao xa hpi
chii
nghla tao dieu ki^n cho mien Bac ve co ban xoa bo dupe che
dp
nguoi boc lot nguoi, xac lap dupe quan he san xuat moi; sue manh ciia
mien
Bac dupe tang cuong, la cho dya vi>ng
chac
cho
cupc
dau tranh ciia nhan
dan
mien Nam.
*0
mien
Nam:
Sau khi Hiep djnh Gionevo ki ket, nhan dan mien Nam dau tranh chong
che dp Ml - Diem de bao ve hoa binh,
giir
gin luc lupng
each
mang. Tieu bieu
la
"phong

trao
hoa
binh"
cua tri thiie va ciia tang lap nhan dan Sai Gon - Chp
Lon
thang 8
-1954.
Den thang 11 - 1954.
Tu
cuoi nam 1957,
cupe
dau tranh eiia dong bao mien Nam
cang
tro nen
quyet liet nham chong chinh
sach
dan ap, chinh
sach
"to cpng",
"dift
epng",
chong Luat 10 - 59 ciia
MT
- Diem. j-, ! , ;
Ngay 15 - 1 - 1959, khi co Nghj quyet 15 Ban
Chap
hanh Trung uong Dang,
phong
trao dau tranh ciia dong bao mien Nam no ra nhu nude va bo. Mo dau
la cac

cupc
khoi
nghla
tiing
phan nhu:
cupe
noi day 6
Vinh
Thanh (Binh Djnh),
Bac Ai
(Ninh
Thuan) thang 2 - 1959. 6 Tra Bong (Quang Ngai) thang 8 - 1959,
roi Ian ra khap mien Nam thanh cao trao
each
mang, tieu bieu voi
cupe
"Dong
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
3Si
dirdn^
HC'C) I ich Oir 12 - Ths.
Tri/ang
Ngpc Thai
khoi"
6 Ben Tre ngay 17 - 1 - 1960. Tir Ben Tre phong trao nhanh chong Ian
rpng
khSp
cac
tinh
Nam Bo, Nam Trung Bo va Tay Nguyen.

Phong trao "Dong
khoi"
thang Igi danh dau budc ngoat ciia
each
mang
mien
Nam, chuyen
each
mang tu the
giii
gin lye luong
sang
the tie'n eong.
Cham dut
thoi
ki on
dinh
tam
thoi
che do thuc dan moi ciia Mi 6 mien Nam,
mo ra
thoi
ki
khiing
hoang ciia che do Sai Gon.
2. Nhung thing Igi co ban cua quan dan ta a hai mien Nam - Bac tu nam 1961
den nam 1965
*
Mien
Baa

Trong
nhi>ng nam 1961 - 1965, mien BMc thuc hi?n ke
hoach
Nha
nuac
5
nam. Nhiem vu co ban ciia ke
hoach
5 nam la ra sue phat trien eong nghiep va
nong nghiep, tie'p tue eong
euoe
cai tao xa hoi
chii
nghia, ciing co va tang
cuong thanh phan
kinh
te
quoc
doanh, cai thien mot
buoc
doi song vat
chat
va
van
hoa ciia nhan dan lao dong, ciing co
quoc
phong, tang cuong trat tu va an
ninh
xa hpi.
Qua

viec
thuc hien ke
hoach
5 nam, mien Bac dat dupe nhirng thanh tuu co
ban ve
kinh
te^ van hoa, giao due, y te, quan su
Nhi>ng
thanh tuu dat dupe trong
viec
thuc hien ke
hoach
5 nam (1961 -
1965) va noi chung trong 10 nam (1954 - 1964) da thay doi bp mat xa hpi mien
Bac. Tai Hoi n^hi
Chinh
tri dac
biet
than;;
3 - 1964,
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh
noi:
"Trong
10 nam qua, mien Bic nuoc ta da tie'n hanh
buoc
dai
chua
tirng

thay
trong
lich
su dan tpc. Dat nuoc, xa hp! va eon nguoi deu doi mai".
*
Mien
Nam:
Tu
nam 1961 den nam 1965, mien Nam chien dau chong "Chie'n tranh dac
bif
t"
ciia MT.
- Tren mat
tran
chinh
tri:
Phong trao da'u tranh chinh trj ciia cac tang lop nhan dan trong cac do thi,
ca 6 nhi>ng thanh pho Ion nhu Sai Gon, Hue, Da Nang, co nhiing
buoc
phat
trien
manh me, noi bat la da'u tranh ciia "dpi quan toe dai" ciia cac ba m? va cac
chj; ciia cac tin do
Phat
giao chong lai su dan ap, ki thj ton giao ciia chinh
quyen Diem.
Phong trao da'u tranh chinh trj 6 do thj ciing voi phong trao pha "Ap chien
lupc"
6 nong thon va nhung don tie'n cong lien tie'p ciia cac luc luong vu trang
each

mang da day nhanh qua
trinh
suy sup ciia chinh quyen Ngo
Dinh
Di?m.
Phong trao da'u tranh chinh trj phat trien trong cac do thi, nhat la 6 cac do
thi
Ion Sai Gon, Hue^ Da Nang,
cang
lam roi loan hau phuong ciia djch. Phong
trao dang cao,
cang
thu
hiit
nhieu nguoi tham eia.
Cty
TNHH
MTV PWH Khan^
VIft
- Tren mat
tran
chong
chinh
sdch
binh
dinh:
Cupc da'u tranh chong va pha "Ap chie'n lupc" dien ra gay go, quyet Met
giCra ta va dich, co hang
chijc
trieu

lupt
nguoi tham gia pha "Ap chie'n lupc" di
(Joi voi xay dung lang chien tranh. Voi quyet tam "mot ta'c dat khong di, mot li
Ichong roi", nhan dan mien Nam kien quyet bam dat, gii> lang, pha de'kim k?p
ciia djch.
Mi
va chinh quyen Sai Gon du tap
trung
sue vao don dan lap "Ap chie'n
lupc"
nhung ciing chi thuc hien dupe mot phan
ke'hoaeh.
Den cuoi nam 1962,
each
mang kiem
soat
tren nua tong so voi gan 70% nong dan.
- Tren mat
tran
quan
siv: •
Trong
nhijng nam 1961 - 1962, quan giai phong da day
liii
nhieu
cupe
chien
cong, dong
thoi
voi tie'n eong tieu diet nhieu don bot le ciia dich. Nam 1962

quan dan ta da tien hanh nhieu
cupe
can quet Ion ciia djch vao chie'n khu D,
can cii U
Minh,
Tay
Ninh
va Tay B^c Sai Gon.
Chien thang Ap Bac danh dau
buoc
truong thanh ciia luc lupng vii trang
each
mang mien Nam, da danh bai cac bien phap chie'n thuat: tri/c
thang
van",
"thici
xa van" ciia djch, danh sap long tin ciia quan dpi Sai Gon vao trang bi vu
khi
hien dai ciia MT. Chien thang nay ciing chung
minh
quan dan mien Nam
hoan toan co kha nang danh bai "Chien tranh dac biet" ciia Mi va chinh quyen
Sai Gon, sau tran Ap Bac, phong trao "thi dua Ap Biic
gict
giijc
lap
cong"
day len
khap mien Nam.
Sau chie'n thang Ap Bac, quan giai phong nhanh chong truong thanh va tie'n

len
danh nhiing tran co quy mo Ion. Cuoi nam 1964, quan va dan Dong Nam
Bp mo chie'n djch tie'n cong Dong - Xuan 1964 - 1965 voi tran mo man danh vao
a'p Binh Gia.
Thua thang sau chie'n thang Binh Gia, quan giai phong va nhan dan
mien
Nam
day manh tie'n cong Xuan - He 1965 va gianh nhieu thang Ipi trong cac
chien djch An Lao (Binh Djnh), Ba Gia (Quang Ngai), Dong Xoai (Bien Hoa).
3. Nhxrng thing Igi co ban
ciia
quan dan hai
mien
Nam - BSc trong
nhung
^am 1965
-1968.
B
* O
mien
Bac: i. ; .
H|t
Ngay tu ngay dau Ml mo rpng chien tranh, mien B3e chuyen mpi
boat
Hjyng
sang
thoi
chie'n, thuc
hi0n
quan su hoa toan dan.

H
Mien BSc vua san
sang
chong lai hanh dong danh pha ciia M7 vua lao dong
^an xua't.
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3Si
difdng H5G
Ljch
SCr
12 - Ths. Tnrone Ngpc Thai
Trong
chie'n da'u, mien Bac da ban roi va pha buy
3.243
may bay MT; ban
chay
va chim 143 tau chien MI. Ngay 1 - 11 - 1968, Mi tuyen bo ngung h5n
chie'n tranh pha hoai mien Bac.
Trong
san xuat, mien Bac lap duoc nhiing thanh tich quan
trpng:
Ve nong nghi^p, di^n h'ch canh tac mo rong, nang
suat
lao d^ng khong ngurig
tang len, ngay
cang
c6 nhieu hop tac xa nhieu dia phuong dat "3 muc tieu".
Ve cong nghi^p, nang lye san xuat 6 mpt so nganh dugc
giii
vung, cac co so

cong nghi^p Ion kip thai so tan. Cong nghi^p dja phuong va cong nghiep
quoc
phong
deu phat trien.
Ve giao thong van tai la mpt trong nhirng trong diem ban pha cua djch,
dupe quan va dan bao dam thuong xuyen thong suot.
Ve van hoa, giao due, y te deu phat trien manh me, phuc vu dac luc cho
nhi^m
vu chie'n da'u va san xuat.
Mien
Bac lam nhiem vu hau phuong Ion cua khang chien chong Mi
ciiu
nuoc, mien Bac luon huong ve mien Nam. Vi mien Nam
rupt
thjt,
mien Bac
phan da'u "Mm
nguai
lam
viec
bang
hai". Vi tien tuyen keu gpi, hau phuong sSn
sang
danh dap lai
"Thoc
khong
thie'u
mot can,
quan
khong

thieu
mot
ngmi".
Tuyen
duong
van chuyen chien lupc Bac - Nam mang ten Ho Chi
Minh
tren bp (doc
day
niii
Truong Son) va tren bien (doc
theo
bo bien) bat dau khai thong tii
thang 5 - 1959, dai hang nghin cay so, da noi lien hau phuong voi tien tuyen.
* O
mien
Nam:
Quan dan mien Nam Ian
lupt
danh bai chien lupc "Chien tranh cue bp" cua
MI;
Ma dau la
chie'n
thang
Van
Twang
(Quang
Ngai)
vao ngay 18 - 8 - 1965. Vol
chie'n thang Van Tuong kha nang chie'n thang Mi trong "Chien tranh cue bo"

cua quan dan ta con tiep tuc dupe chiing
minh
trong hai miia kho.
Tiep
den la
cuoc
phan
cong
chie'n
Urge
trong
hai mua kho:
Mua
kho thu nhat (1965 -
1966):
Quan dan ta trong the tran chien tranh
nhan dan, voi nhieu phuong thuc tac chie'n, da chan danh djch tren moi
huong,
chu dpng tien cong djch tren khap mpi noi. Quan ta da loai khoi vong
chie'n da'u 104 000 djch, bSn roi 1 430 may bay.
Mua
kho thu hai (1966 -
1967):
Quan ta mo hang loat tran phan cong danh
bgi
cac
cupc
hanh quan "tim di^t" va "binh djnh" cua djch. Loai khoi vong
chien da'u 151 000 ten djch, ban roi 1 231 may bay.
6 hau khap cac vung nong thon, quan chiing pha tung mang "Ap

chie'n
luge".
Trong hau khap cac thanh thj, giai cap cong nhan, cac tang lop nhan dan
lao dpng
khac,
hpc sinh, sinh vien,
Phat
tu, binh si Sat Gon da'u tranh doi
IVfi
riit
ve nuoc, doi ty do dan chu.
Cty
TNHH
MTV PWH Khang Vi^t
Dink
cao la
cuoc
Td'ng
tien
cong
va noi day
Te't
Mau
Than
nam 1968
Cupc tong tien cong va noi day dupe mo dau bang
cupc
tap kich chie'n lupc
ciia
quan chu lyc vao hau khap cac do thi trong dem 30 rang

sang
ngay 31 -1 -
1968 (dem giao thua Te't Mau Than).
Cupc Tong tien cong va noi day Te't Mau Than da danh don bat ngo, lam
cho djch
choang
vang.
Cupc Tong tien cong va noi day da lam
lung
lay y chi xam lupcc ciia quan
Ml,
bupc Ml phai tuyen bo "phi Mi hoa" chien tranh xam lupc (tuc thua nhan
that bai ciia "Chien tranh cue bp"). MI phai tuyen bocha'm
diit
khong dieu kien
chien tranh pha hoai mien B5c, chju den ban dam phan 6 Pa ri de ban ve chain
dirt
chie'n tranh.
Cupc Tong tie'n cong va noi day da mo ra
buoc
ngoat cvia
cupc
khang chie'n
chong MI
ciiu
nuoc ciia quan dan ta.
4. Nhung thang Ipi ciia quan dan ta d hai mien Nam - B3c trong
vif
c danh
bai chien lupc "Vi?t Nam hoa chien tranh" cua Mi.

*
Thang
led cua
quan
dan
mien
Nam:
-
Thang
Igi
chinh
tri:
Su ra doi ciia Chinh
phii
each
mang lam
thoi
Cong hoa mien Nam ngay
6 - 6
-1969.
Do la chinh
phii
ciia nhan dan mien Nam.
Thyc hien di ehiic ciia
Chii
tich Ho Chi
Minh,
nhan dan 6 hai mien day
manh khang chie'n chong MI
ciiu

nuoc.
O
cac thanh pholon nhu Sai Gon, Hue^ Da Nang, phong trao hpc sinh, sinh
vien
no ra ram rp da thu
hiit
dong dao
gioi
tre tham gia. Phong trao
tuoi
tre,
hpc sinh, sinh vien c6 vai tro quan
trpng,
thuong la
"Phong
trao
chdm
ngdi
no"
cho phong trao chung ciia tang lop nhan dan thanh thi.
-
Thang
Igi
tren
mat
tran
phoi
hop:
Trong
hai nam 1970 - 1971, nhan dan ta ciang voi nhan dan hai nuoc

Campuchia va Lao gianh nhiing thing Ipi c6 y nghia chien lupc tren mat tran
quan sy va chinh trj.
Trong
hai ngay 24 va ngay 25 - 4
-1970,
Hoi nghi cap cao ba nuoc Vi^t Nam
- Lao - Campuchia hop nhlm bieu thi quyet tam ciia nhan dan ba nuoc Dong
Duong
doan ke't chie'n da'u chong MI.
Tu
ngay 30 - 4 den ngay 30 - 6
-1970,
quan dpi Viet Nam c6 su phoi hpp ciia
0quan
dan Campuchia da dap tan
cupc
hanh quan xam lupc Campuchia va
quan dpi Sai Gon, loai khoi vong chien da'u
17.000
djch, giai phong nhieu
vimg
I '9ng Ion dat dai voi 4,5 trieu dan.
Tir
ngay 12 - 2 den ngay 23 - 3
-1971,
quan dpi Vi|t Nam c6 su phoi hpp ciia
A quan dan Lao da tap tan
cuoc
hanh quan
mane

ten "Lam Son -719" chiem
giii
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3Si
du&ng HSG
Ljch
Si} 12 - Ths.
Trucmg
Ngoc Thai
duong
9 - Nam Lao cua 4,5 van quan Mi va quan doi Sai Gon,
loni
khoi vong
chie'n da'u
22.0000
djch,
duoi
hc't quan MT va quan doi Sai Gon khoi duong 9 -
Nam
Lao, giu hanh iang chien luge
each
mang Dong Duong.
- TMn^ hi trcn mat
tran
chon^
chinh
sack
"binh
d'lnh":
Tai cac vung nong thon, dong bang, rung nui, ven thj, khap noi eo phong

trao cua quan chung noi day chong "binh
dinh",
pha "a'p chien luge" eua djch.
Den dau nam 1971,
each
mang gianh quyen lam chu them
3600
a'p vdi 3
tri^u
dan.
-
Than^
Igi
qui/c't
dinh
vcqiian
sir
Budc
vao nam 1972, quan ta mo
cugc
tien cong chie'n luge tix ngay 30 - 3
danh
vao Quang Trj, la'y Quang Trj lam huong tien cong
chii
ye'u, roi phat
trien
rgng ra khap chie'n truong mien Nam, keo dai trong nam 1972.
Quan ta tien cong djch voi cuong do manh, quy mo Idn, tren hau khap cac
dja ban chien luge quan trong. Chi trong thai gian ngan (den cuoi thang 6 -
1972),

quan ta
choc
thung ba phong tuyen manh nhat cua djch, la Quang Trj, Tay
Nguyen,
Dong Nam Bg, loai khoi vong chien dau hon 20 van djch, giai phong
nhieu
vung da't dai rgng Idn va dong dan.
Sau don md dau bat ngd cua quan ta, quan doi Sai Con cd su yem trg cua
MT
da phan cong lai, gay cho ta nhieu theit hai; con MT trd lai chien tranh pha
pha hoai mien Bac.
Cuoc
tien
con^
chien
luxrc nam 1972 dil i^idn;^ don
nijti^'^
ni}'vao
chien
litxrc
"Viet
Natn
hod
chien
tranh",
buoc
Mi
phdi
tuyen
bo "Ml hod" tra Iqi

chien
tranh
xani
liror
(ti'fc
thiea
nhqn
that
bai
ciia
"Viet
Nam hod
chien
tranh").
*
Thdng
lot cua
qtidtt
dchi
mien
Bdc:
Ngay 6 - 4 - 1972, MT cho may bay nem bom ban pha mgt so'nai thugc khu
IV
cii. Ngay 16 - 4 - 1972, Nichxan tuyen bo chinh thuc gay ra
cugc
chie'n tranh
khong
quan va hai quan pha hoai mien B^c (Ian thu hai); den ngay 9 - 5 - 1972,
tuyen
bo phong toa

cang
Hai Phong cung cac cua song, luong lach, vung bien
mien
Bac.
Nhd
dugc chuan bj trudc va vdi tu the'luon luon san
sang
chie'n da'u, mien
B3c da cd the chu dong, kjp thai chd'ng tra djch ngay tu tran dau.
Ngay 14 - 12 - 1972, gan 2 thang sau khi tuyen bd'ngung nem bom ban ph.i
mien
Bac tu vT tuyen 20 trd ra, de hd trg cho muu do chinh trj - ngoai giao mdi,
Nichxan
phe chuan
kehoach
md
cugc
tap kich khdng quan b3ng may bay B52
vao Ha Ngi va Hai Phong bat dau tu chieu td'i 18 den he't ngay 29 - 12 - 1972.
Quan dan ta d mien Bac da danh tra djch nhung don dich dang tu tran dau
va da danh bai hoan toan
cugc
tap kich khdng quan cua MT, lam nen tran
"Dieu
Bien
Phu
tren
khona".
Ta da bin roi 81 mav h^v hit
cA'r.,T

AI ^U: — x^r
T^ I-
uhg,
trong ca
cugc
chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu hai (tu 6 - 4 -1972 deh 15 -1
-1973),
lien
Bac ban roi 735 may bay MT, ban chim 125 tau chie'n loai khoi vong chie'n
a'u hang tram phi cong MT.
"Dien
Bien
Phii
tren
khCm^"
la tran thang quye't djnh cua ta, da budc MT phai
tuyen
bd'ngung han cac
boat
dong chd'ng pha mien B^c (15 - 1 - 1973) va Hiep
djnh
Pari ve cha'm dut chie'n tranh, lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam (27 - 1 -
1973).
5. Chien
thang
cua quan dan ta 6 hai mien Nam - Sic buQc MT phai
chap
nhan ki ket Hi^p djnh Pari nam 1973
*
Chien

thang
cua
quan
dan
mien
Nam:
Thang Igi trong
viec
danh bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" cua
Ml
(1969 -
1973).
Tieu bieu nha't la
cugc
tien cong chien luge nam 1972.
Tdm
tat dien bien:
Budc
vao nam 1972, quan ta md
cugc
tien cdng chien
luge tu ngay 30 - 3 danh vao Quang Trj, lay Quang Trj lam hudng tien cdng
chu ye'u, roi phat trien rgng ra khap chie'n truong mien Nam, keo dai trong
nam 1972. Quan ta tien cdng djch vdi cudng do manh, quy md Idn, tren hau
khap cac dja ban chien luge quan trong. Chi trong thai gian ng^n (den cud'i
thang 6 -
1972),
quan ta
chgc
thiing

ba phong tuyen manh nha't cua djch, la
Quang Trj, Tay Nguyen, Ddng Nam Bd,
kiai
khdi
vong chien da'u hon 20 van
djch,
giai phdng nhieu vung da't dai rgng Idn va ddng dan.
Sau don md dau bat ngd cua quan ta, quan ddi Sai Gon cd su yem trg cua
MT
da phan cdng lai, gay cho ta nhieu theit hai; con MT trd lai chien tranh pha
pha hoai mien Bac.
Cugc
tien cdng chien luge nam 1972 da giang don nang ne vao chien luge
"Vi^t
Nam hoa chien tranh", budc MT phai tuyen bd'"MT hoa" trd lai chien tranh
xam luge (tiic thua nhan that bai cua "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh").
*
Chien
thdng
ciia
quan
dan
mien
Bdc:
Thang Igi trong
viec
danh bai
cugc
chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu hai ciia MT
6 mien Bac (1969 -

1973).
Tieu bieu la tran Di^n Bien Phii tren khdng nam 1972.
Tdm
tat dien bien: Ngay 16 - 4 - 1972, Nichxan tuyen bo chinh thuc gay ra
cugc
chien tranh khdng quan va hai quan pha hoai mien BSc Ian thu hai. Ngay
14 - 12 - 1972, Nichxan phe chuan ke
hoach
md
cugc
tap kich khdng quan
bang may bay B52 vao Ha Ngi va Hai Phdng bSt dau tir chieu toi 18 den he't
ngay 29 - 12 - 1972. Quan dan ta d mien BSc da danh tra djch nhCrng don dich
<Jang
tu tran dau va da danh bai hoan toan
cugc
tap kich khdng quan cua MT,
lam
nen tran
"Dien
Bien
Phu
tren
khon^^".
Ta da ban roi 81 may bay , bit song
43 phi cdng MT.
173
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"Dicn
Bicn

Pln'i
trcn
Mioii^"
la
trnn
thanj;
i|u\'l
ilinli
i
ii.i
l.i, buor
Mi
phaf
tuyen
bo'ngung
han cac hoat
dong
cho'ng
pha
mien
Bac (15 - 1 - 1973) va
Hiep
dmh
Pari ve cham dut chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh
6
Vi#t Nam (27
-
1
-
1973)

IV.
Y
NGHIA
LICH
S\J,
NGUYEN
NHAN
THANG
LQH CUA
CUQC
KHANG
CHIEN CHONG MI ClTU Nl/OC
(1954
-1975)
1.
Y
nghia
lich
su
Cupc khang chien cho'ng Mi cuu nuoc thang Igi
da
ke't thiic
21
nam chien
da'u
cho'ng MI va
30
nam chien tranh giai phong dan toe, bao ve To quo'c; cha'm
dut
ach thong tri ciia chu nghia de'quoc

va
chedo
phong kie'n
6
nuoc ta. Tren
CO
so
do, hoan thanh
cupc
each
mang dan tpc dan chii nhan dan trong
ca
nuoc,
thong
nha't dat nuoc.
Thang Ipi
cua
cupc
khang chien cho'ng MI cuu nuoc
mo ra ki
nguyen moi
ciia
lich
su
dan tpc
-
Ki nguyen dat nuoc dpc lap, tho'ng nha't di len chu nghia
xa hoi.
Thang Ipi ciia nhan dan
ta,

that bai de'quoc MI
da tac
dpng manh den
tinh
hinh
nuoc Mi
va
thegioi nha't la doi voi phong trao giai phong dan tpc.
Thang Ipi
do
"Mai mai diivc ghi vao
lich
sir cua dan
toe
ta mot
trong
nhieng
tran^
choi
Ipi
nhat,
mot
bieu
tugng
sang
ngoi
vesie
toan
thang
cua chu

nghia
anh
hung
each
mang
va tri
tue con
nguai
va di
vao
lich
su
the
giai
nhu
mot
chien
cong
vidai
cua the
ki XX, mot
sukien
c6 tam
quan
trong
quae
teto
Ian va c6 tinh
thai
dqi sau

sac".
1. Nguyen nhan thang Igi
Nho
CO
su
lanh dao
sang
suo't ciia Dang dung dau
la
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh
voi
duong loi chinh trj, quan
su
dpc lap, tu
chii;
duong loi tien hanh dong thai
each
mang
xa
hpi chii nghia
a
mien
BSc va
each
mang dan
tpc
dan ehii nhan
dan

6
mien Nam
diing
dan,
sang
tao voi phuong phap da'u tranh
linh
hoat, ket
hpp
voi da'u tranh quan
su -
chinh tri
-
ngoai giao.
Nhan
dan
ta 6
hai mien giau long yeu nuoc, doan ke't, nha't
tri,
lao dpng can
cu,
chien da'u
diing
cam vi
su
nghiep giai phong mien Nam,
xay
dung
bao ve
mien

Bac, thong nha't nuoc nha.
Nho
CO
hau
phuong mien
Bac
khong ngirng Ion manh,
c6 kha
nSng
dap
ung
kjp
thoi
cac
yeu cau ciia
cupc
chien da'u
6
hai mien.
Nho
su
phoi hpp chien da'u, doan
ke't
giiip
do
nhau trong
qua
trinh
da'u
tranh

cho'ng
ke
thu chung ciia
ba
dan toe a Dong Duong.
Nho
CO
sy
dong
tinh,
ling
hp va
giiip
do to Ion
ciia
cac lyc
lupng
each
mang,
hoa
binh,
dan
chii tren
the
gioi,
nha't
la
Lien
X6,
Trung

C^uoe
va cac
nuoc
xa
hpi chii nghia khac; phong trao nhan
dan
MI
va
nhan
dan the
gioi
phan doi
cupc
chien tranh xam lupc Vi?t Nam ciia de'quoc
MI.
174
BF*
Nguyen
nhan
quyei
dinh
nha't:
Trong
nhung nguyen nhan tren, nguyen nhan
ve su
lanh dao ciia Dang
la
Lguyen
nhan quyet djnh nha't. Boi vi, nho
c6 su

lanh dao
diing
dan ciia Dang
Itiai
phat huy dupe
cac
nhan
to
nhu: giau long yeu nuoc, vai tro hau phuong
W(^ien
Bac, su
doan ke't ciia nhan dan
ba
nuoc Dong Duong
Tu do
moi phat
}iuy
dupe
sue
m^nh ciia dan tpc voi
sue
manh thai dai
de
chien da'u
va
chien
thang ke thu.
cAu
H6I
ON TAP

Cau
1.
Phan tich moi quan h^ giiia
each
mang hai mien Nam
- Bac
Vi^t Nam
sau Hiep djnh Giuonevo
1954. Tai sao
noi viec thuc hien thang Ipi
cac
nhi^m
vy
each
mang
6
mien
B3c c6 y
nghia quyet djnh nha't doi voi toan bp
su
phat
trien
ciia
each
mang Vi^t
nam?
Cm 2.
Trinh
bay nhung
buoc

phat trien va thang Ipi ciia
each
mang mien
Bac
tu
nam
1954
den nam 1960.
Y
nghia ciia nhung thang Ipi do.
Cdu
3. Tai sao
phong trao "Dong
khoi"
(1959 - 1960)
dupe
eoi la
mo'c danh
da'u
buoc
phat trien nhay vpt eiia
each
mang mien Nam?
Cdu
4.
Dai hpi
dai
bieu toan quo'c Ian
thii
III ciia Dang hpp trong boi canh

Ijch
sir nhu
the'nao?
Npi dung va
y
nghia cua Dai hpi.
Cdu
5.
Bang
nhirng
sy
kien Ijch sir, hay chiing
minh
cau noi ciia Chu tjch Ho
Chi
Minh
tai Hpi nghj Chinh trj dae bi?t (thang
3 -
1964):
"Trong
10
nam qua,
mien
Bac
nuoc
ta da
tien nhiing
buoc
dai chua
tirng

tha'y trong Ijch sir dan tpc.
Dat nude,
xa
hpi,
eon nguoi deu doi moi".
Cdu
6.
Am muu
va
thu doan eiia MI
6
mien Nam
eo gi
khac
nhau giira hai
giai
doan
1954 - 1960
va 1961
- 1965?
Cdu 7. Tien hanh chien lupc "Chien tranh cue bp"
6
mien Nam
(1965 -
1968),
de quoe MI thuc hi^n
am
muu
va
thu doan

gi?
Quan dan
ta 6
mien Nam
da
gianh
dupe nhiing thing Ipi
gi
trong chien da'u cho'ng chien lupc "Chien tranh
eye bp" cua MI tir nam
1965
den nam
1968? '
I
Cdu
8.
Cupc Tong tien cong
va
noi day Xuan Mau Than
1968 6
mien Nam
da
dien
ra
trong hoan canh
nao?
Dien bie'n, ke't qua va
y
nghia.
1;

Cdu
9.
De'quoc
MI
gay
chien tranh khong quan
va
hai quan pha hoai mien
Bie tir nam
1965 den nam 1958
nhu
the
nao?
Mien BMe
da lap
dupe nhirng
^ thanh tich gi trong san xua't va chien da'u cho'ng chien tranh pha hoai eiia MI tir
nam
1965
den nam
1968?
175
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"Cau
10.
Than
TK h
nhCing
diem giong
va

khac
nhau giua chien
luQC
"Chien
tranh
dac
biet"
(1961 - 1965) va
"Chien tranh
cue bo" (1965 - 1968)
ciia
MI 6
mien
Nam
Viet
Nam.
Cau 11. Lap
bang thong
ke ve y
nghla
cua
chien thang
Van
Tuong
(8 - 1965),
cupc
phan cong chien lupc trong
hai mua kho (1965 - 1966), (1966 - 1967) vn
Tong tien cong
noi day Te't

Mau Than
(1968).
Chien thing
Van
Tuong
(8-1965)
-1
Chien thing
Van
Tuong
(8-1965)
Chien thing
Van
Tuong
(8-1965)
Chien thing
Van
Tuong
(8-1965)
Cupc phan cong chien
lupc
hai mua kho (1965 -
1966), (1966-1967)
Cupc phan cong chien
lupc
hai mua kho (1965 -
1966), (1966-1967)
Cupc phan cong chien
lupc
hai mua kho (1965 -

1966), (1966-1967)
Cupc phan cong chien
lupc
hai mua kho (1965 -
1966), (1966-1967)
Tong tien cong
noi day
Te't Mau Than
(1968).
Tong tien cong
noi day
Te't Mau Than
(1968).
Tong tien cong
noi day
Te't Mau Than
(1968).
Tong tien cong
noi day
Te't Mau Than
(1968).
Cau 12. Neu am muu va
thii
doan
cua Mi
trong chien lupc "Vi^t
Nam hoa
chien tranh"
va
"Dong Duong

hoa
chien tranh"
(1969 - 1973).
Nhung thang Ipi
chung
cua ba
nuoc Dong Duong tren
cac mat
tran quan
su,
chinh
trj,
ngoai
giao trong nhirng
nam 1969 - 1973.
Cau 13.
Quan
dan
mien
B^c da
danh
bai
cupc
tap
kich
bang
khong quan
cua
MI
cuoi

nam 1972 nhu the nao? Ke't qua va y
nghia. Mien
BSc
thuc hi?n nghla
vu
hau
phuong
nhu the nao doi voi
tien tuyen mien
Nam tu nam 1969 den
nam
1973?
Cau 14. Lap
bang
so
sanh
nhirng diem giong
va
khac
nhau giCra Hiep djnh
Gionevo
ve
Dong Duong
nam 1954 va
Hi^p
dinh
Pari
ve
Vi?t
Nam nam 1973:

hoan canh
ki ke't, noi
dung
va y
nghia
cua
Hiep djnh.
Tieu
chi
so
sanh
Nhung
diem
giong
va
khac nhau
Hi?p
dinh Gionevo
Hi^p
dinh Pari
Hoan
canh
Giong
nhau
Hoan
canh
Giong
nhau
Hoan
canh

Giong
nhau
Hoan
canh
Khac
nhau
Hoan
canh
Khac
nhau
Hoan
canh
Khac
nhau
Hoan
canh
Khac
nhau
176
Giong
Npi
I
nhau
dung
Khac
nhau
Giong
Y nhau
nghia
Khac

nhau
Cau 15. Lap
bang
so
sanh
hai
cupc
chien tranh
pha
hoai ciia MI
6
mien
Bac ve: .
J -
Thoi gian danh
pha.
'
- Quy mo
danh
pha.
-
Am muu
danh
pha.
Is - Ke't qua
chien
dau cua
quan
dan
mien

B3c.
Cau 16. Sau
Hiep
dinh
Pari
ve
Vi^t
Nam nam 1973,
the'va
luc moi
ctia quan
dan
ta 6
mien
Nam nhu the'nao? ^ '
Cau 17. So
sanh
thoi
co
trong
Cach
mang thang
Tam nam 1945 voi
thoi
ca
trong
each
mang mien
Nam.
Cau 18.

Dang
ta da can cu vao
dieu kien thai
co nhu the nao de de ra ke
hoach
giai phong hoan toan mien Nam?
Npi
dung ciia
kehoach
do. Tom tit
dien
bien ciia
cupc
Tong tien cong
va noi day
Xuan
1975.
Cau 19.
Trinh
bay y
nghla Ijch
su va
nguyen nhan thing
Ipi cua
cupc
khang
chien chong MI
ciiu
nuoc. Phan tich
mot

nguyen nhan quye't
dinh
nha't.
Cau 20. Lap
bang
he
thong nhi>ng thang
Ipi co y
nghia chien lupc
cua
quan
^n
ta a hai
mien
Nam - Bac
tren
cac mat
tran quan
su,
chinh
trj,
ngoai giao
i^ong
khang chien chong MI,
cuu
nuoc
(1954 - 1975).
Thai
gian
Quan

su
Chinh
tri
Ngoai
giao
Tir
nam 1954
den
nam 1960
Tir
nam 1954
den
nam 1960
Tir
nam 1954
den
nam 1960
i.Tu
nam 1961
ideh
nam 1965
i.Tu
nam 1961
ideh
nam 1965
Wit
nam 1965
Men
nam 1968
'Tir

nam 1969
«leh
nam 1973
'Tir
nam 1969
«leh
nam 1973
'Tir
nam 1969
«leh
nam 1973
;Tu
nam 1973
nam
1975
;Tu
nam 1973
nam
1975
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Cau 21. Lap bang tong hg^p ve cac giai doan phat trien ciia
each
mang mio,.
Nam
theo yeu cau sau:
Giai
doan
Nhi^m
each
m^ng

Thing
Igi
dat
dugfc
Y
nghia
1) 1954 -1960 1) 1954 -1960
2) 1961 -1965 2) 1961 -1965
3) 1965 -1968 3) 1965 -1968
4) 1969 -1973 4) 1969 -1973
5) 1973 -1975 5) 1973 -1975
Cau 22. Lap bang thong ke cac chien luge chien tranh ciia Mi, cac doi tong
thong
Ml va chie'n thang quyet
dinh
ciia quan dan mien Nam trong
vi?c
danh
Thai
gian
Chien
lugfc
ehien
tranh
Doi
Tong
thong
Chien
thing quye
dinh cua

each
mang
mien Nam
Tif
nam
1954 den
nam 1960
Tif
nam
1954 den
nam 1960
Tif
nam
1954 den
nam 1960
Tir
nam
1961 den
nam 1965
Tir
nam
1961 den
nam 1965
Tir
nam
1961 den
nam 1965
Tu
nSm
1965 den

nam 1968
Tu
nSm
1965 den
nam 1968
Tu
nSm
1965 den
nam 1968
Tir
nam
1969 den
nam 1973
Tir
nam
1969 den
nam 1973
Tir
nam
1969 den
nam 1973
TCr nam
1973 den
nSm 1975
TCr nam
1973 den
nSm 1975
TCr nam
1973 den
nSm 1975

C/iuy^n
di 5:
VlfiT
NAM TIT 1975
DfiN
NAM
2000
I.
VI?T
NAM
TRONG
NHCNG
NAM DAU SAU DAI
THANG
MUA
XUAN
1975
1.
Nhung thuan Igi va kho khan eua
each
mang
6 hai mien Bac - Nam sau
nam 1975
* Mien Bac:
Trai
qua hon hai muoi nam
(1954-1975)
tien hanh
each
mang xa hpi chu

nghia, mien Bac dat
dxxqc
nhiing
thanh
tyoi
to Ion va toan
dif
n,
da xay dvmg
duge
nhiing
co so vat
chat
- ki thuat ban dau cua chu nghia xa hpi.
Nhimg
cuQc
chien tranh pha hoai bang khong quan va hai quan cua Mi het
siic ac li?t, da tan pha nang ne gay hau qua lau dai doi voi mien Bac. Chien
tranh
pha hoai cua Mi da pha huy hau het nhung cai ma nhan dan ta ton biet
bao cong siic de xay dung nen, lam cho qua
trinh
tien len san xuat Ion bi cham
lai
den vai ba ke hoach 5 nam.
* Mien Nam: ^ ' '
Da hoan toan giai phong, che dp thuc dan moi ciia MT cimg bp may chinh
quyen Sai Gon 6
trung
uong bi sup do, nhung co so chinh quyen nay 6 dja

phuong
cung bao di hai xa hoi van con ton tai.
CuQc
chien tranh ciia MT gay ra hau qua nang ne. Nhieu lang mac, dong
ruQng
bi tan pha. Nua
tri^u
hecta
ruong dat bj bo hoang. Mgt trieu
hecta
bj
chat
dpc hoa hpc va bom dan cay xoi. V6 so'bom min con vui lap tren cac canh
dong,
rupng vuon, noi cu
trii
cua nhan dan. Dpi
ngii
that
nghif
p
co toi hang
trifu
nguoi. So ngudi mu chu chiem ti If Ion trong dan cu. •'
Mien
Nam co nen
kinh
te trong chung muc nhat djnh phat trien theo huong
tu
ban, song ve co ban van mang h'nh

chat
ciia nen
kinh
te nong nghiep lac
hau,
san xuat nho va phan tan phat trien mat can doi. If thupc nang ne vao
vif
n
trg tu ben ngoai.
2. Nhtmg chu
truong
va bi?n
phap
giai
quyet
nhirng nhif
m
vy cap
bach
sau
khi
cupc
khang chien
chong
MI ket thiic
d
mien
Bac, den
giua
nam 1976 moi can ban hoan thanh

nhifm
vy va
khac
phuc hau qua chien tranh,
khoi
phuc
kinh
te.
O
mien
Nam, cong vifc tiep quan
viing
moi giai phong tu thanh thi deh
nong
thon, tu dat lien den hai dao, tu can cu quan sy den cac co so san xuat,
hanh chinh, van hoa dugc tien hanh khan truong.
6 nhung
viing
moi giai phong, viec thanh lap chinh quyen
each
m?ng va
doan the quan chiing cac cap nhanh chong thyc hien. Hang
trifu
dong bao ta
179
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trong
thoi
gian chien tranh bj don vao cac "a'p chie'n luo'c" hay bo
chay

vao cac
thanh
pho khong c6 vifc lam
du(?c
hoi huong, chuyen ve nong thon san xuat
hoac
di xay dung
viing
kinh
temoi.
Chinh
quyen
each
mang tjch thu tai san va rugng dat ciia bon phan dpng
tron
ra nuoc ngoai, tuyen bo xoa bo
hinh
thuc boc lot phong kien, tien hanh
dieu
chinh ruong dat trong noi bo nong dan, quoc huu hoa ngan hang, thay
dong
tien cu
hang
dong tien moi cua
each
mang.
Sau dai thang mua Xuan nam 1975, To quoc Viet Nam ve mat lanh tho da
dugc thong nha't, song 6 moi mien lai ton tai mgt
hinh
thuc to

chuc
Nha nuoc
khac
nhau.
Dap lai nguyen vong chinh dang cua nhan dan ca nuoc, dong
thoi
phu hop
voi
thuc teUch su dan toe - "Nuoc Vi?t Nam la mpt, dan tgc Viet Nam la mpt"
Hpi
nghj Ian thu 24 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang (9 - 1975) da de ra
nhi?m vy hoan thanh thong nha't dat nuoc ve mat Nha nuoc.
Tu
ngay 15 den ngay 21 - 11 - 1975, hoi nghj hiep thuong chinh trj thong
nha't dat nuoc duoc to chiic tai Sai Gon. Hai doan dai bieu dai dien cho hai
mien
tham du. Hoi nghj nha't tri hoan toan cac van de chu truong, bi#n phap
nham thong nha't dat nuoc ve mat Nha nuoc.
Ngay 25 - 4 - 1976,
cuoc
tong tuyen cu bau Quoc hoi chung dugc tien hanh
trong
ca nuoc. Tu ngay 24-6 den ngay 3 - 7 - 1976, Quoc hgi nuoc Viet Nam
thong
nha't, hop ki dau tien tai Ha Noi. Quoc hpi thong qua chinh
sach
doi npi
va doi ngoai cua nuoc Viet Nam thong nha't.
Quye't
dinh

ten nuoc la
Cong
hoa xa hoi chu
nghta
Viet
Nam (tir ngay 2-7-
1976),
quye't djnh Quoc huy, Quoc ki la ca do sao vang, Quoc ca la
Tich
qudn
ca,
Thii
do Ha Npi, thanh pho Sai Gon doi ten la
Thanh
phoHoChiMinh. Quoc hpi
bau ra cac co quan,
chuc
vu lanh dao cao nha't cua nuoc cpng hoa xa hpi
chii
nghla Vi?t Nam, bau Ban du thao Hien phap.
Voi
ket qua ki hpp thu nha't quoc hpi khoa VI, cong viec thong nha't dat
nuoc ve mat Nha nuoc da hoan thanh. Tu day vi^c tiep tuc hoan thanh thong
nha't tren ta't ca cac ITnh vuc chinh trj, tu tuong, van hoa, xa hpi se gan lien voi
viec thuc hi^n nhi>ng nhiem vu ciia
each
mang xa hpi
chii
nghia trong pham vi
ca nuoc.

3. Nhung thanh tmi trong
khac
phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat
trien
kinh
te, on
dinh
tinh
hinh
mien Nam sau giai phong nam 1975.
Cong vi#c tiep quan vung moi giai phong tu thanh thj den nong thon, tir
dat lien den hai dao, tu can cu quan su den cac co so san xuat, hanh chinh, van
hoa dupe tien hanh khan truong.
6 nhung
viing
moi giai phong, viec thanh lap chinh quyen
each
mang va
doan the quan chung cac cap nhanh chong thi^c hien.
Hang
trieu dong bao ta trong
thoi
gian chien tranh bj don vao cac "Ap chien
lupc"
hay bo
chay
vao cac thanh pho khong co viec lam dupe hoi huong,
chuyen ve nong thon san xuat
hoac
di xay dung vung

kinh
temoi.
Chinh
quyen
each
mang tich thu tai san va ruong dat ciia bpn phan dong
tron
ra nuoc ngoai, tuyen bo xoa bo
hinh
thuc boc Ipt phong kien, tien hanh
dieu
chinh ruong dat trong npi bp nong dan, quoc
hiru
hoa ngan hang, thay
dong
tien eii
bSng
dong tien moi ciia
each
mang. Chinh quyen
each
mang
chii
trpng
khoi phuc san xuat nong nghjep de dap I'mg nhu eau truoc m3t va lau dai
ve luong thuc. Cac hoat dong van hoa, giao due, y te'dupe tien hanh khan truong.
II.
XAY Dl/NG CHU
NGHIA
XA HQI, DAU TRANH BAO VE TO QUOC

(1976
-1986)
1. Ke hoach Nha
nuac
5 nam 1976 - 1980
-
Nhiem
vu va muc
tieu:
*
Dai
hpi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu IV cua Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam hpp tu
ngay 14 den ngay
20-12-1976
da de ra duong loi xay dung
chii
nghla xa hpi
trong
pham vi ca nuoc, duong loi chung
each
mang xa hpi
chii
nghla va duong
161 xay dung
kinh
te trong thai ki qua dp.
Dai
hpi quye't djnh phuong huong, nhiem vu va muc tieu eiia ke hoach Nha
nuoc 5 nam (1976 -
1980),

la xay dung xa hpi ehii nghla, nham hai muc tieu co
ban: xai/
di/ng
mot
buoc
ca so vat
chat
- ki
thuat
cua chu
nghia
xa hoi,
buac
dau
hinh
thanh
ca cau
kinh
temoi
trong
ca
nuoc
ma ho
phan
chu yeu la co
ca'u
cong
nghiep
-
nong

nghiep
va cai
thien
mot
biroc
dai
song
vat
chat
va van hod cua
nhdn
dan lao
dong.
-
Thanh
tieu
dat
dugc:
+ Khoi phuc va phat trien
kinh
te
Cac
CO
so nong nghiep, cong nghiep, giao thong van tai ve co ban da dupe
phuc hoi va
buoc
dau phat trien. Nang luc san xuat ciia cac nganh
kinh
te
dupe nang len.

Trong
cong
nghiep,
co nhieu nha may dupe gap
riit
xay dyng, nhu cac nha
may xi mang, dien, co khi dpng luc, duong, giay keo, keo spi,
giao
thong
van tai
dupe khoi phuc va xay dyng moi
1.700km
duong sat,
3.800km
duong bp,
30.000m
cau,
4.000m
ben cang, bo sung them nhieu phuong tien van tai. Tuyen
duong
sat Thong nha't tu Ha Npi di Thanh pho Ho Chi
Minh
sau 30 nam b|
gian
doan da hoat dpng tro lai.
liii
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BSI
dLT&n^
HSG L/ch Si} 12 - Ths. Truong Ngpc Thai

+ Cai tao quan h§ san
xua't
Cong cuQC cai tao xa hpi chu nghla dupe day manh vdi toe dp nhanh trong
cac vung moi giai phong 6 mien Nam. Giai cap tu san mai ban bi xoa bo. Dai
bp phan nong dan mien Nam di vao con duong lam an tap the, tham gia
nhCrng
hinh
thuc to
chuc
san xua't phu hpp, nhu to doan ke't san xua't, tap doan
san xua't, hpp tac xa san xua't.
Van hoa,
gido
due, y tc: , ,
Nganh
giao due mau giao, giao due pho thong, giao due dai hpc va
trung
hoc chuyen nghifp phat trien manh, phong trao binh dan hpc vu da thu hut
dupe nhieu nguoi tham gia.
Mang
luoi
cac benh vi^n, phong kham
ehCra
b?nh, tram y te, nha hp sinh, eo
so dieu duong dupe ma rpng. Cac hoat dpng van hoa, van nghe, the dye the
thao da tao thanh phong trao quan chiing trong cac dja phuong, xi nghi^p,
truong
hpc
-
Nhung

khfl
khan,
yen
kern:
Ben canh nhiing thanh tuu, chiing ta gap rat nhieu kho khan, han che^ nha't
la trong
linh
vuc
kinh
te - xa hpi.
Kinh
te'ciia ta mat can do'i Ion,
kinh
te quo'c doanh va tap the trong san xua't
luon
bi tho l6, khong phat huy dupe tac dung;
kinh
te tu nhan va ca the bj
ngan cam, khong the phat trien. San xua't phat trien cham, thu nh^p quo'c dan,
nang
suat
lao dpng tha'p, dai song nhan dan gap rat nhieu kho khan.
-
Nguyen
nhan
eua
nhung
kho
khan,
ye'u kem:

Kinh
te'nuac
ta von da ngheo nan lac hau lai bj chien tranh tan pha nang ne.
Do chinh
sach
cam van cua Ml lam can tro quan h^
kinh
tegiua
nuoc ta vai cac
nuoc. Do su lanh dao eiia Dang va Nha nuoc c6 nhiing sai lam trong viee de ra
chu truong cai tao, xay dung
kinh
te the
hifn
6 tu tuong chu quan nong vpi
trong
viec de ra bi?n phap to
chuc
va chi dao thue
hifn,
quan If
kinh
te theo
kieu
bao
thii,
tri tre.
2. Ke hoach Nha
nuac
5 nam 1981 -1985

-
Nhiem
vu va mue
tieu:
Dai
hpi dai bieu toan quo'c Ian thu V cua Dang hpp tu ngay 27 den ngay
31 - 3 - 1982 de ra nhi^m vy
each
mang giai doan tiep theo nham xay dung chu
nghla xa hpi va bao v? To quo'c xa hpi chu nghla, hai nhi^m vy chien lupc do
quan he mat thie't voi nhau.
Dai
hpi khang djnh tiep tyc duong 161 chung
each
mang xa hpi chu nghla
va duong 16'i xay dyng
kinh
te trong thai ki qua dp bat dau eo sy dieu chinh,
bo sung, phat trien, cy the hoa cho tung chang duong,
tirng
giai do^n phu hgp
voi
dieu ki^n lieh su cy the.
Ke hoach 5 nam c6 nhiem vu "phat trien them mpt buoc, sap xe'p lai ca ca'u
a day manh cai tai xa hpi chu nghia nen
kinh
te quo'c dan" nham ca ban on
^jnh
tinh
hinh

kinh
te - xa hpi, dap ung yeu cau cap
bach
thie't ye'u nha't cua
<Jai
song nhan dan, giam nh? su mat can doi nghiem trpng ciia nen
kinh
te.
-
Thanh
tuu dqt
dieoc:
Trong
san
xua't
nong
nghiep
va
cong
nghiep
da chan dupe da giam sut cua
nhrnig
nam 1976
-1980.
Vexdy
dung
eo so vat
ehat
- ki
thuqt,

trong 5 nam da hoan thanh hang tram
cong
trinh
tuong doi Ian, hang nghin cong
trinh
vua va nho, trong do c6
nhung
CO
so quan trpng ve dien, dau khi, xi mang, eo khi giao thong, thuy Ipi,
d^t
Cac hoat dpng khoa hpc - kl thuat dupe trien khai, gop phan thiic day san
xua't, nha't la san xua't nong nghiep.
Trong
cai tai
quan
he san
xua't,
dai bp phan nong dSn mien Nam di vao con
duong
lam an tap the. Cung voi vi^e ap dyng nhung thanh tuu ve khoa hpc -
kl
thuat, viec thuc hi#n rpng rai phuong thue khoan san pham cuo'i ciing den
nhom
va nguai lao dpng theo dja Chi thj 100
(nami981)
cua Ban bi thu Trung
uong
Dang tuy chua hoan
thi^n
va con nhieu thie'u sot, song da gop mpt phan

quan trpng tao nen
buoc
phat trien san xua't nong nghiep, mo ra phuang
huong
diing
cho vi^c cung eo'quan h$
kinh
te'mdi 6 nong thon.
Cham
lo dai
song
cua
nhan
la nhiem vy thuong xuyen va he't sue kho khan
ciia Dang va Nha nuoc ta trong hoan canh nen
kinh
te'con ye'u kem, thien tai
don
dap, dan so tang nhanh. Cac nen
kinh
te quo'c dan da c6 thu hut them
4 trieu lao dpng. Su nghiep van hoa, giao due, y te, the due the thao, van hpc
nghe thuat phat trien va c6 nhirng dong gop nha't djnh vao viec xay dung nen
van
hoa moi, eon nguoi mai.
-
Nhifng
kho
khan,
ye'u kem:

Ben canh nhirng thanh tuu, chiing ta gap rat nhieu kho khan, han che, nha't
la trong
llnh
vuc
kinh
te - xa hpi.
Kinh
te'cua
ta mat can doi Ian,
kinh
te'quoc
doanh va tap the trong san xua't
luon
bi tho l6, khong phat huy dupe tac dyng;
kinh
te tu nhan va ca the bj
ngan cam, khong the phat trien. San xua't phat trien cham, thu nhap quo'c dan,
nang
suat
lao dpng tha'p, dai song nhan dan gap rat nhieu kho khan.
-
Nguyen
nhan
cua
nhung
kho
khan,
ye'u kem:
Cung
la nguyen nhan khach quan,

chii
quan cua thai ki truoc chua dupe
l«hac phue, nha't la nguyen nhan do "Sai lam, khuye't diem trong lanh dao,
quan li ciia Dang va Nha nuoc gay nen". ^
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
II.
CONG
CUQC
DOI MOI DI LEN CHU
NGHIA
XA HQI (1986 -
2000)
1. Hoan canh dat
nuoc
va the gioi. Npi dung
duang
loi doi moi ve kinh te va
chinh trj cua Dang.
a.
Hoan
earth
dat
nude:
Trong
hon mot thap ki thirc hi^n hai ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam (1976
1985),
each
mang xa hgi
chii
nghia 6 nuoc ta dat dugc nhirng thanh tyu va uu

diem
dang ke tren ITnh vyc cua dai song xa hoi.
Song
each
mang ciing gap
khong
it kho khan, dat nuoc lam vao
tinh
trang khung hoang, truoc het la
khung
hoang
kinh
te - xa hoi. Mot trong nhi>ng nguyen nhan co ban cua kho
kh^n,
ye'u kem la do mac phai "sai lam nghiem trong va keo dai ve chu truong,
chirih
sach
Ion, sai lam ve chi dao chien luge va to
ehue
thyc
hi^n".
De
khac
phuc sai lam, khuye't diem dua dat nuoc vugt quan khung hoang
va day manh
each
mang xa hoi chu nghia tien len. Dang va Nha nuoc ta phai
tien
hanh doi moi.
b.

Hoan
canh
the
gioi:
Duoi
tac dong cua
each
mang khoa hoc - kl thuat lam cho quan h^ cua cac
nuoc thay doi theo xu the'mai.
Cugc khung hoang toan di^n, tram trgng cua Lien X6 va cac nuoc xa hoi chu
nghia
khac
cijng doi hoi Dang va Nha nuoc ta phai tien hanh doi moi.
Nhu
vay, doi moi la van de cap bach, c6 y nghia song con doi voi
chii
nghia
xa hoi 6 nuoc ta dong thai la van de phu hgp voi xu thechung cua
thoi
dai.
c. Noi
dung
duang
loi doi moi
vekinh
leva
chinh
tri cua
Dang
Duong

loi doi moi cua Dang dugc de ra dau tien tai Dai hoi VI (12 -
1986),
dugc dieu chinh, bo sung phat trien Dai hgi VII (6
-1991),
Dai hgi
VIII
(6 -
1996),
Dai
hoi IX
(4-2001).
* Doi moi
kinh
te:
Phat
trien
kinh
te'hang hoa nhieu thanh phan theo djnh huong xa hgi chu
nghia, nham phat huy sue manh cua cac thanh phan
kinh
teva tao sue manh
tong
hgp eiia nen
kinh
te nhieu thanh phan.
Cai tao quan he san xuat, cac thanh phan
kinh
te'lae
hau kim ham su phat
trien.

Cai tao di doi voi su dyng va thiet lap quan he san xuat xa hgi ehu nghia.
Cai tai phai dugc coi la nhiem vu thuong xuyen, lien tuc trong suot
thoi
ki qua
dg.
Xoa bo co chequan li
kinh
te tap
trung,
bao cap,
hinh
thanh co che thj
truong
CO
sy quan li ciia Nha nuoc.
Thyc hien chinh
sach
mo cua, mo rgng quan he
kinh
tedoi ngoai, mo rgng
su phan eong lao dong va hgp tac
kinh
te'quoe
tc, tich eye khai
thae
nguon
von,
khai
thae
eong nghe khai

thae
thi truong.
184
* Doi nuri
chinh
tri:
Xay dung lai Nha nuoc xa hgi
chii
nghia, Nha nuoc cua nhan dan, do dan
va vi dan lay liem
minh
giai cap eong nhan, nong dan va tang lap tri thuc lam
nen tang cua Nha nuoc do Dang Cong san lanh dao. Xay dung nen dan chu xa
hgi
chii
nghia, bao dam quyen lye thuge ve nhan dan. Thyc hien quyen dan
chu cua nhan dan, chuyen chinh doi voi moi hanh dong xam pham igi ich To
quoc cua nhan dan. Thyc hi^n chinh
sach
dai doan ket dan toe, tap hgp mgi lye
lugng
cua dan tgc, phan dau sy nghiep dan giau, nuoc manh, xa hgi eong
bang, dan chu, van
minh.
Thyc hien chinh
sach
doi ngoai hoa binh, hOu nghi,
hgp tac, "Viet Nam muon la ban ciia tat ca cac nuoc".
2. Nhi^m vu va muc tieu cua
timg

ke
hoach
Nha
nuoc
5 nam: 1986 - 1990,
1991 - 1995, 1990 -
2000.
Cac ke
hoach
Nha
nuoc
5 nam
Nhif
m
vu, muc tieu
1986-1990
Can tap
trung
sue nguoi, sue cua thyc hien bang dugc
nhiem
vu, muc tieu cua Ba
chiam;^
trinh
kinh
te'va
hmng
tituc,
thuc
pham,
hang

tieu
dimg
va
han;:;
xuat
khau
Muon
thuc hi^n nhung muc tieu cua Ba chuong
trinh
kinh
te, thi nong nghiep, ke ca lam nghiep va ngu
nghiep phai dugc dat dung vi tri la mat tran hang dau
va dugc uu tien nhu eau ve von dau tu, ve nang lye, vat
lye,
lao dong, k! thuat
v.v
1991 -1995
Day
liii
va kiem
soat
dugc lam phat. On djnh phat
trien
nang cao hieu qua nen san xuat xa hgi. On djnh va
tung
buoc
cai thien nang cao doi song nhan dan. Bat dau
CO
tich
lijy

ngi bg
kinh
te.
De thyc hien muc tieu tren, phat huy sue manh ciia cac
thanh
phan
kinh
te, day manh Ba chuong
trinh
kinh
te
voi
nhirng ngi dung cao han truoc va tung
buoc
xay
dyng
CO
eau
kinh
tetheo yeu eau eong nghiep hoa.
1996 -
2000
Day manh eong
cugc
doi moi mot
each
toan dien va
dong
bg, tie'p tuc phat trien nen
kinh

te hang hoa nhieu
thanh
phan. Phan dau dat va vugt muc tieu tang truong
kinh
te'nhanh, hieu qua cao va ben vi>ng di doi voi giai
quyet nhi>ng van de buc xuc ve xa hgi; cai thien doi song
nhan dan,
nang'cao
tich luy tu ngibg den
kinh
te.
185
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
3. Nhmig thanh tmi
va
yeu kem
ve
kinh
te - xa
hpi ciia
nuoc
ta
trong
t^g
ke
ho^ch
Nha
nuoc
5
nam:

1986 - 1990,1991 - 1995,1990 - 2000.
Cac ke
hoach
Nha
nuoc
5
nam
Thanh
t\ru
Yeu kem
1986
-1990
Ve luang thuc, thyc
pham,
tit cho
thieu
an
trien
mien, chiing
ta da
vuon
len dap
ling
nhu
cau
trong
nuoc,
c6 du tru va
xua't khau,
gop

phan quan
trong
on
dinh
doi
song
nhan
dan va
thay
doi can
can xua't
-
nhap khau.
Hang
hoa
tren thi truong,
nhat
la
hang tieu dung,
doi
dao,
da
dang
va
luu thong
tuong
doi thuan
Igi.
Kinh
te doi

ngoai phat
trien
manh,
mo
rong
Hon
truoc
ve quy mo,
hinh
thuc
da gop
phan quan
trong
vao
vi^c thuc hi^n
cac
muc tieu
kinh
te - xa
hoi.
Da
kim che
dugc
mot
buoc
da
lam phat.
Buoc
dau
hinh

thanh
nen
kinh
te
hang
hoa
nhieu
thanh
phan,
van
hanh
theo
CO
che thi
truong
c6
su quan h' ciia Nha nuoc.
Nhirng
thanh
tuu, uu
diem,
tie'n
bo dat
dugc
chung
to
duong
161 doi
moi
ciia Dang

la
dung,
buoc
di
ciia cong cupc doi
moi
ve co
ban
la
phu hgp.
186
Nen
kinh
te con mat can
doi
Ion, lam
phat
van 6
muc
cao, lao
dong thieu
vi^c
lam
tang,
hi^u qua
kinh
te
tha'p, nhieu
ca so
san xua't

dinh
don
keo
dai.
Che
dp
tien luong
bat
hop
li,
doi song ciia nhung
nguoi
lao
dpng
chii
yeu
bang luong
hoac
trg
cap xa
hpi
va cua
mot
so bp
phan
nong dan
bi
giam sut.
Su nghi^p
van hoa c6

nhiing
mat
tiep
tuc
xuong
cap,
tinh
trang tham nhung,
an hoi
16, mat
dan
chii,
bat
cong
xa
hpi
va
nhieu hien
tupng
tieu
cue
khac
nang
ne
va
pho bieh.
"^991
-1995
Nhip
dp

phat trien
kinh
te
day
manh, nhieu
muc
tieu
chu yeu cua ke
hoach
5
nam
hoan thanh
vupt
muc.
Kinh
te d6'i
ngoai phat
trien,
thj
truong xua't nhap
khau
dupe
mo
rpng,
nguon
von dau tu
ciia
nuoc ngoai tang nhanh.
Khoa
hoc va

cong nghe
CO
buoc
phat trien
moi,
van
hoa xa hpi c6
nhiing
chuyen bien tich
cue.
On
djnh
tinh
hinh
chinh
trj
- xa
hpi dupe giu vung,
qu6'c
phong
va an
ninh
dupe Cling
c6'.
Mo
rong quan
h$ doi
ngoai,
pha the bao vay,
tham

gia
tich
cue vao cac
hoat dpng ciia cpng dong
qu6'c
te.
Nuoc
ta van con la mpt
trong
nhirng nuoc ngheo
tren
the'gioi:
luc
lupng
san
xua't nho
be, co so vat
chat
-
kl
thuat
lac
hau;
trinh
dp
khoa
hpc va
cong ngh§
chuyen bien cham; nang
suat

lao
dpng,
chat
lupng
san pham,
chat
lupng cong
trinh
tha'p.
Tinh
trang tham nhung,
lang
phi, buon lau,
lam an
phi
phap cung
nhu
hien
tupng
tieu
cue
trong
bp
may
Nha
nuoc
ehua
dupe
ngan chan triet
de.

Su phan
hoa
giau ngheo
gii>a
cac
vung, giiia thanh
thj
va
nong thon, giira
cac
tang
lop cu dan
tang
nhanh.
Doi
song ciia
mpt
bp phan nhan dan, nhat
la
nhung
vung
sau,
vimg
xa,
con nhieu kho khan.
1996-2000
Nen
kinh
te van
giii

dupe nhjp
dp
tang truong
kha,
CO
cau
kinh
te co su
chuyen djch tich
cue.
Can
can doi
chii
yeu
trong
nen
kinh
te da
dupe
dieu
chinh thich hpp
Kinh
te doi
ngoai phat
trien
Khoa
hpc va
cong
ngh^
CO

buoc
chuyen bien tich
cue. Giao
due va dao tao
CO
buoc
phat trien
moi ca
Nen
kinh
te
phat trien
chua
virng
chac;
nang
suat
lao dpng hieu
qua va sue
canh tranh tha'p.
-
Mpt
so
vah
de buc
xiic
ve
van
hoa -
xa hpi

con
cham dupe giai
quye't.
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
10
I 1-)t.))
'Iff
i<iyuL
inu)
ve quy mo, chat lugng.
Hinh
thiic
dao tao va co so
vat
chat.
Cac
ITnh
vuc van hoa - xa
hpi
CO buoc phat
trien
,
dang ke. 'j
[
Tinh
hlnh
chinh trj - xa
hoi
CO ban on
djnh;

quoc i i
phong - an
ninh
duoc tang ; '
cuong;
quan h^ doi ngoai
khong
ngung duoc mo
I
rong.
\
4. Y nghia cua nhung thanh tuu ve
kinh
te - xa hpi nuoc ta trong 15 nam
(1986 - 2000) thyc
hi?n
duong loi doi moi. Nhung kho khan yeu kem
a. Nlmri*; thanh tyu vc kinh tc'- xa hoi nuvc ta
tron^
15 nam dot m&i (1986 ~
2000)
CO y n^hia v6
cutig^
quan
tron^,
do la:
Da
tang cuong siic manh tong hop cua dan toe tren tat ca cac
ITnh
vuc

kinh
te, chinh trj, xa hoi, van hoa, giao due.
Cong
cupc doi moi voi nhung thanh tuu dat duoc trong 15 nam qua da lam
thay doi bo mat cua dat nuoc va cuoc song cua nhan dan.
NhOng
thanh tuu cua cong cupc doi moi gop phan cung co vung
chac
doc
lap dan tpc va chedo xa hoi chu nghia, nang cao vj theva uy tin
ciia
Vi^t
Nam
tren
truong quoc te.
h.
NhCmg kho khan va yeu kem vekinh tc-
xH
hoi cua nude ta sau 15 nam (1986 -
2000)
thifc
hien difdn^ loi doi moi.
Mot
la, nen
kinh
tephat
trien
chua that su vung chic, nang
sua't
lao dong,

hi#u
qua va sue canh tranh tha'p. Chat lupng san pham chua that su tot, gia
thanh van con cao. Quan he san xuat mot so mat chua phu hop.
Kinh
te'Nha nuoc
chua dupe cung cotuong xung voi vai tro chu dao.
Kinh
te'tap the chua manh.
Hai
la, mot so van de van hoa - xa hpi buc
xiic
va gay gat cham dupe
giai
quye't. Cac boat dpng khoa hoc va cong ngh^ chua dap ung tot yeu cau
cU'i
cong
nghif
p
hoa, hien dai hoa, xay dung va bao ve To quoc. Ti le that nghi^p
thanh thj va thie'u viec lam 6 nong thon con 6
miic
cao.
Ba
la,
tinh
trang tham nhung chua dupe khac phuc
tri^t
de.
1X8
cAu

Hdii
ON TAP
lU
1. Sau thang ipi khang chien chong MT
ciiu
nuoc,
each
mang 6 hai mien
-
Nam
CO
nhung thuan ipi va kho khan gi?
Nhiing
thanh tuu dat dupe 6
lam
sau nam 1975.
Cau
2. Dang va chinh quyen
each
mang da c6 nhung chu truong va bien
phap g' nhSm
giai
quye't
nhiing
nhiem vu cap bach sau khi cupc khang chien
chong
MT
ke't thiic?
Cau
3. Trong viec thyc hien kehoach Nha nuoc 5 nam 1976 - 1980 va 1981 -

j985,
nuoc ta dat dupe nhunh thanh tuu gi, co nhung kho khan va yeu kem gi?
fjguyen
nhan cua nhOng kho khan, yeu kem do.
Cau
4.
Viet
Nam thuc hi^n duong loi doi moi trong hoan canh dat nuoc va
gioi
nhu the
nao?
Neu npi dung duong loi doi moi ve
kinh
te'va chinh tn
It
aia Dang.
Cdu
5. Neu nhiem vu va muc
tieu
ciia
tirng
kehoach Nha nuoc 5 nam: 1986 -
1990, 1991 -1995, 1990 - 2000.
Cdu
6.
Trinh
bay nhirng thanh tuu va yeu kem Ve
kinh
te - xa hpi cua nuoc ta
trong

tung kehoach Nha nuoc 5 nam: 1986 - 1990, 1991 - 1995, 1990 - 2000.
Cdu
7. Doi moi dat nuoc di len
chii
nghia xa hpi tu Dai hpi VI (12 - 1986)
ciia
D^ng
dupe hieu nhu the
nao?
Neu y nghTa
ciia
nhiing
thanh tuu ve
kinh
te - xa
hpi
nuoc ta trong 15 nam (1986 - 2000) thuc hien duong
161
doi moi.
Cdu
8. So
sanh
cong cupc cai to cua
Lien
X6 voi cong cupc doi moi 6
Viet
Nam
theo yeu cau sau:
Tieu
chi

so
sanh
Lien
X6
Vi^t
Nam
Boi
canh
Boi
canh
•
Doi moi
;
chinh trj
•
Doi moi
;
chinh trj
'i
Doi moi
i|j<inh
te
'i
Doi moi
i|j<inh
te
fChinh
sach
^oi
ngoai

fChinh
sach
^oi
ngoai
jiCaM
9. Neu nhirng thang Ipi
Ijch
su
tieu
bieu cita
each
mang
Viet
Nam
duoi
I lanh dao cua Dang tu nam 1930 den nay. Nguyen nhan co ban va bai hpc
ni;hiem
ciia
thang Ipi do la gi?
!^««
10. Lap bang ve
nhiing
su
kien
tieu
bieu gan voi
tirng
giai
doan trong
trinh

Ijch
sir
Viet
Nam tir sau Chien tranh the'gioi
thii
nha't (1919) den
ly
(2000).
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
Chuy§n
di 6: TdNG K^T
LICH
SU VI$T NAM 1919 -
2000
1.
Nhung th^ng
Igri
lich
su tieu bieu cua
each
mang
Vif
t
Nam
duoi
s\ Ig^j^
dao ciia Dang tvr nam 1930 den nay. Nguyen nhan co ban cua th^ng Igi do
-
Nhung
thang

Icn
tieu
bieu:
Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam ra doi vao ngay 3 - 2 - 1930, mo ra mpt
bu6c
ngoat
Ijch su v6 cung quan trong trong
lich
su cua dan tpc ta.
Cach
mang thang Tam nam 1945 thang Igi, mo ra mot ki nguyen moi cho
dan
tpc: ki nguyen doc lap dan tpc gan lien voi
chii
nghla xa hpi, giai pho,,
dan
tpc gan lien voi giai phong giai cap.
Chien dich Di?n Bien Phii thang Ipi nam 1954, bupc thuc dan
Phap
ki ke't
Hif
p
dinh
Gionevo, cong nhan dpc lap chu quyen, thong nha't va toan ven
lanh
tho
ciia ba nude Dong Duong, ke't thuc
cupc
khang chien chong thyc dan Phap
va can

thi^p
Mi, dua mien Bac tien len xay dung
chii
nghla xa hpi.
Cupc long tien cong va noi day miia Xuan nam 1975, danh bai am muu
xam lupc cua Mi 6 Vi^t Nam, dua ca nude
buoc
vao thai ki xay dung chu
nghia xa hpi.
Cong
cupc
doi moi dat nude dupe de ra tu Dai hpi Ian
thii
VI cua
Dang,
khae
phuc nhiing kho khan, sua
ehua
sal lam, dua dat nude
vupt
qua
thoi
ki
khung
hoang, day su nghiep
each
mang xa hpi
chii
nghla tien len.
-

Nguyen
nhan
thang
Igi:
Nhan
dan ta doan ket mot long, giau long yeu nude lao dpng can cii sang
tao, chien dau kien cudng vi dpc lap tu do. Truyen thong do ciia dan tpc
duoc
phat huy cao dp trong thai ki
each
mang do Dang lanh dao.
Dang Cong san Vi?t Nam do Chu tjch Ho Chi
Minh
sang
lap, la dpi tien
phong
ciia giai cap cong nhan, dai
difn
tieu bieu cho quyen Ipi cua giai cap va
dan
tpc. Su lanh dao
sang
suot ciia Dang vdi dudng 161
each
mang
diing
dan,
sang
tao, dpc lap, tu chu la nhan to thang Ipi hang dau, chi phoi cac nhan to
khae

ciia
each
mang Viet Nam.
2,
Nhihig
bai hpc
kinh
nghi?m cua
each
m^ng Vi^t Nam tir nam 1930 den
nam
2000
Nam
viiTig
dupe ngpn ed dpc lap dan tpc va ehu nghla xa hpi, mpt bai hc^'
xuyen
suot qua
trinh
each
mang nude ta.
Su nghiep
each
mang la eiia nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi dan. Nhan dan 1''
ngudi
lam nen
thSng
Ipi
lich
su.
Khong

ngirng eiing cd, tang cudng doan ket: dogm ket toan Dang, doan ket
toan dan, doan ke't dan tpc, doan ket
quoc
te.
ion
K
Ke't hpfp sue manh dan tpc vdi sue manh
thdi
dai, sue manh trong nude vdi
sure
manh
quoc
te.
Svr lanh dao
diing
din cua Dang la nhan to hang dau bao dam thang Ipi cua
each
mang Vi?t Nam.
3, Nhung sv ki^n tieu bieu gin vdi
timg
giai doan trong tien
trinh
lich
su
Vi?t Nam tir nam 1919 den nam
2000
a) Tit nam 1919 den nam 1930
Thuc
dan
Phap

tien hanh khai
thae
thupe dia Ian
thii
hai, xa hpi Vi?t Nam
CO
nhifng bien doi sau sac. Mau thuan dan tpc va giai cap gay git.
Phong trao dau tranh chong thyc dan
Phap
do giai cap tu san va tieu tu san
biing
no, euoi eiing that bai.
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
tim dudng euu nude den vdi chu nghla Mac - Lenin, tim
ra con dudng
each
mang
diing
dan, dd la con dudng
each
mang v6 san. Lan
lirgrt
truyen ba
chii
nghla Mac - Len nin vao Vi^t Nam.
Phong trao dau tranh ciia giai cap cong nhan Vi^t Nam tir nam 1919 - 1925
con mang
tinh

tu phat.
To chiic chinh trj ciia giai cap v6 san: Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien
thanh
lap (6 -
1925);
ciia tang Idp tieu tu san: Tan
Vif
t
Cach
mang dang (8 -
1928) lam nhi?m vu truyen ba
chii
nghla Mae - Lenin vao Vi^t Nam de chuan
bi
cho sy
hinh
thanh dang ciia giai cap v6 san; to
ehue
chinh tri ciia giai cap tu
san dan tpc: Vi^t Nam
Quoc
dan dang thanh lap (12 - 1927) to ehiic
cupc
khdi
nghla Yen Bai bj that bai,
cham
diit
vai trd doi vdi

each
mang Vi?t Nam.
Phong trao dau tranh ciia cong nhan trong nhiing nam 1926 - 1929 ehuyen
sang
dau tranh tu
giac,
tao dieu ki^n cho ehii nghla Mac - Len nin dupe truyen
ba sau rpng vao Vi^t Nam.
Ba to ehiic epng san noi tiep nhau ra ddi nam 1929, chuan bj trye tiep cho sy
thanh
lap Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam.
Dang
Cong
san
Viet
Nam ra dai (3 -2 - 1930) ma ra mot
buac
ngoat
lich
su vd
cung
quan
trong trong
lich
sit dan toe
Viet
Nam.
Dang
ra dai la su
chuan

bi
td\
dau Hen c6
tinh
quyet
dinh
cho
nhitng
buac
phat
trien
nhay
vot
tiep
theo
trong
lich
sit
dan toe
Viet
Nam.
b) Tit nam 1930 den nam 1945
Tac dpng ciia
cupc
khung hoang
kinh
te tren the
gidi
1929-1933
eiing vdi

cupc
"khiing
bdtrang" ciia
Phap
sau
khdi
nghla Yen Bai (9 - 2
-1930),
da lam
biing
no phong trao
each
mang ciia quan chiing ca nude trong nhirng nam
1930
-1931.
Sy lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam da dua phong trao len
tdi
dinh
cao vdi sy thanh l^p X6 viet d Ngh? Tinh. Phong trao tir cudi nam
191
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
1931 di vao thoai trao,
each
mang Vi$t Nam chuyen
sang
dau tranh nh3m phuc
hoi
phong trao (1932 -
1935).
Trong

boi canh
lich
su nhfrng nam 1936 - 1939, khi chu nghla phat xit xua't
hi^n,
de doa hoa binh tiie
gioi
va phong trao chong phat xit 6
Phap
gianh
thang \gi
buoc
dau, 6 nuoc ta day len phong trao dau tranh cong khai rong
Ion.
Phong trao da thu
hiit
dong dao quan chung tham gia
duoi
sir lanh dao
ciia Dang, dau tranh doi tu do dan sinh, dan chu, com ao, hoa binh. Day la
phong
trao quan chiing c6 muc tieu,
hinh
thuc dau tranh moi me 6 nuoc ta va
rat
hiem c6 mot nuoc thuoc dja.
Cuoc
Chien tranh the
gioi
thu hai (1939 - 1945) da tac dong den toan the
gioi.

Cugc
chien dau cua nhan dan Lien X6 va cac luc lugng dan chu the
gioi
chong phat xit thang Igi da tao dieu ki?n thuan Igi cho
each
mang nuoc ta va
nhieu
nuoc tien len giai phong dan tgc.
Dau
nam 1941, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
ve nuoc true tiep lanh dao
each
mang, tai
hgi
nghj Trung uong 8 (5 - 1941) da hoan chinh
chii
truong chuyen huong dau
tranh
de ra tai hgi nghj Trung uong 6 (11 -
1939):
Giuong cao hon nua nggn c6
giai
phong dan tgc, giai quyet van de dan tgc trong pham vi
titng
nude 6 Dong
Duong.
Tu day,
each
mang nude ta day manh ehuan bj tien tdi khoi nghla

gianh
ehinh quyen.
Khoi
nghla gianh ehinh quyen dua den thSng Igi
Caeh
mang thang Tam 1945
la ket qua cua qua
trinh
ehuan bj va tap dugt trong 15 nam tu khi Dang ra doi.
Dang da lanh dao
cugc
dau tranh qua nhieu
thoi
kim toan di^n va true tiep
nhat la thai ki tien tdi ehuan bj Tong khoi nghla 1939 - 1945.
Cugc
khdi
nghla
thing
Igi, ehinh quyen ve tay nhan dan, nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa
dugc thanh lap.
c) Tit nam 1945 den nam 1954
Trong
hon nam dau sau
Cach
mang thang Tam, dat nude gap muon vang
khd
khan thu thach,
tinh
the he't sue hiem

ngheo
khae
nao
"N;^an
can
trco
sai
toe". Nhan dan ta vua xay dung chinh quyen
each
mang, xay dung che dp dan
ehu nhan dan, giai quyet nan doi, nan dot va nhirng khd khan ve tai chinh, vua
dau
tranh ehd'ng ngoai xam ngi phan, bao ve nen dgc lap. Tu euoi nam 1946, toan
dan
ta tien hanh
cugc
khang chien chong thuc dan
Phap
tren pham vi ca nude.
Cugc
khang chien chong
Phap
(1945 - 1954) tien hanh trong dieu ki^n nude
ta da gianh dugc doe lap va ehinh quyen. Vi vay, vira khang chien vua kien
qudc la hai nhi^m vu chien luge
each
mang nude ta trong giai doan nay.
Cugc
khang chien chong thuc dan
Phap

xam luge, va tu nam 1950 ehd'ng ca
su can
thi^p
cua de qudc Ml,
trai
qua hai giai doan
Phong
ngu (tir dau den
Cty
TNHH
MTV PWH Khang Vi^t
trudc
chien dich Bien
gidi
thu - dong 1950) va Tien
cong
(tu chien djch bien
gidi
thu
- dong
1950).
Dien Bien Phu la tran thing quyet
dinh
di den vifc ki ket
Hi?p
Gionevo 1954 ve Dong Duong.
d) Tit nam 1954 den nam 1975
Sau Hi^p
dinh
Gionevo, Mi nhay vao mien Nam

Vif
t
Nam thyc hi^n muu
do xam luge nude ta. Xua't phat tu
tinh
hinh
dat nude bi tam thai chia cat lam
hai
mien. Dang de ra nhiem vu cho
each
mang hai mien, moi quan he giCra
each
mang
khae
nhau va nhiem vu chung cho
each
mang hai mien, moi quan
giiia
each
mang hai mien.
Nhifm
vu chung, dd la
"nhiem
vu
khang
chien
chong
Ml
ci'fu
nuac".

6'
mien
Nam, tien hanh
cugc
each
mang dan tgc dan chu nhan dan phat
trien
len
khai
nghla
(tu 1959 - 1960) rdi
chien
tranh
giai
phong
(tu giOa
1961),
ket
hgp
khdi
nghla vdi chien tranh qua 5
thdi
ki ta Ian lugt danh bai 4 chien luge
thong
trj va xam luge thuc dan moi ciia MT' 1954 - 1960 danh bai chien luge
"Chien tranh don phuong" cua Aixenhao; 1961 - 1965 danh bai "Chien tranh
dae biet" cua Kennodi; 1965 -1968 danh" bai chien luge "Chien tranh cue bg cua
Gidnxon;
1969 - 1973 danh bai hoan toan chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien
tranh"

ciia Nichxon va Pho, tien len "Danh cho nguy nhao".
O
mien
Bac, thuc hien nhiing nhi^m vu ciia
each
mang trong
thdi
ki qua do
di
len
chii
nghla xa hgi la san xua't, lao dong xay dung, va khi Mi md rgng
chien tranh pha hoai bang khdng quan va Hai quan thi mien Bac ket hgp chien
dau
va san xua't. Dong
thdi
nhan dan mien Bac eon lam nhi^m vy cua hau
phuong
ehi vi|n cho tien tuyen mien Nam va thuc hien nhi^m vu
quoc
te'ddl
vdi
Lao, Campuehia. Mien Bac da gianh thang Igi trong
cugc
chien dau ehd'ng
cugc
chien tranh pha hoai eiia de'qudc MT: Ian thu nhat bat dau tir ngay 5 - 8
-1964,
chinh
thiic ngay 7-2 - 1965 den ngay 1 - 11 - 1968; Ian thu hai bat dau ngay 6 -

4 - 1972, ehinh thuc tu ngay 16 - 4 -1972 den ngay 15 -1
-1973.
Cugc
Tdng tien cong va ndi day Xuan 1975 da giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam,
thong
nhat dat nude, sau dd dua ca nude tien len xay dung
chii
nghla xa hgi. ;
e) Tit nam 1975 den nam
2000
Trong
10 nam dau (1976 -
1986),
nhan dan da thuc hien ke
hoach
Nha nude
,5 nam (1976 - 1980 va 1981 - 1985) do Dai hgi IV (thang 12
-1976)
va Dai hgi V
(thang 3 - 1982) ciia Dang de ra. Ben canh nhieu thanh tuu va uu diem ta gap
khdng
it khd khan, ye'u kem, ca sai lam, khuye't diem. Khd khan ciia ta ngay
cang
Idn, sai lam cham dugc sua chua, dua den
khiing
hoang ve
kinh
te - xa
hgi,
doi hoi phai dd'i mdi.

www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
Dirang
lo'i doi mai
dugc
de ra tu Dai hpi VI
(1986)
nham
khac
phuc kho
khan,
san xua't sai lam, vugt qua
khiing
hoang, day manh sy nghi^p
each
mang
xa hoi chu nghia tie'n len. Trai qua gan hai thap ki, nhan dan ta da thuc hien
thing
lo'i 3 ke
hoach
Nha nuoc 5 nam (va dang thuc hi?n ke
hoach
5 nam
laVi
thu
tu 2001 -
2005)
do Dai hoi VI (thang 12
-1986),
Dai hpi VII (thang 6 -
1991),

Dai
hpi
VIII
(thang 6 - 1996) va Dai Hpi IX (thang 4 - 2001) cua Dang ta de ra.
Cong
cupc
doi moi da va gianh dupe thang
Ipi.
ThSng
Ipi da dem lai nhieu
thanh
tuu quan trpng ve cac mat chinh trj,
kinh
te- xa hpi, van hoa - giao due
va quan h^ doi ngoai. Dong
thoi
tung
buoc
thuc hi^n tien
trinh
cong nghiep
hoa, hi^n dai hoa dat
nuac
nham muc tieu dan giau, nuoc manh, xa hpi cong
bang dan
chii
van
minh.
Thing Ipi khang
dinh

duong lo'i doi mdi ciia Dang la
dung,
budc di cua cong
cupc
doi moi la phu hpp.
4. Tom tit npi dung mpt so dai hpi tieu bieu ciia Dang: tir Dai hpi Ian thii I
den Dai hpi Ian thu
VIII
Cac Ian
Dai
hpi
Thoi
gian
Npi
dung
1) Dai hpi
Ian
thu I
Thang
3-1935
Xac
dinh
ba nhi^m vy ciia Dang trong
thai
gian truoc mat la: ciing c6' sir phat trien
Dang; tranh thu quan chiing rpng rai; chong
chie'n tranh
de'quo'c.
Thong qua Nghj quyet chinh tri, Dieu 1^
Dang, cac nghj quyet ve v|in dpng cong

nhan, nong dan, binh h'nh, phu nir ; ve cong
tac trong cac dan tpc thieu so', ve dpi tu vf
va cuu te'do.
Bau ra Ban Chap hanh Trung uang va bau
Le Hong Phong lam Tong Bi thu ciia Dang.
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
dupe cii lam dai di$n cua
Dang ben canh
Quoc
te Cpng san.
2) Dai hpi
Ian
thu
II
Tu
ngay 11 den
ngay 19 - 2 -
1951
Thong qua Bao cao chinh trj ciia Ban
Chap hanh Trung uong Dang do
Chii
tich
Ho
Chi
Minh
trinh
bay.
Thong qua bao cao "Ban ve

each
mang Vi^t
Nam"
do dong ehi Truong Chinh
trinh
bay.
Thao
luan va quyet djnh nhieu chinh
sach
CO
ban ve cong tac xay dung va ciing co
IQ4
Cty TNHH MTV PWH Khan^ ViSt
chinh
quyen, quan
dpi,
mat tran thong nha't
dan
tpc, cong tac tai chinh.
Bau Ban Chap hanh Trung uong mai, do
Ho
Chi
Minh
lam
Chii
tjch Dang va Trudng
Chinh
lam Tong Bi thu.
"sT^aJ
hpi

la'n
thii
III
\
"ff
(t
It
}
H
Tu
ngay 5 den
ngay 19 - 12 -
1960
Dai
hpi de ra nhi^m vu chie'n lupc ciia
each
mang ca
nuac
va nhi^m vy ciia
each
mang tung mien; ehi ro v\, vai tro ciia
each
mang tung mien, moi quan hf giiia
each
mang hai mien.
Cach
mang hai mien c6 quan h^ mat
thiet,
gin bo vdi tac dpng Ian nhau nham
hoan thanh

cupc
each
mang dan tpc dan
chii
nhan dan trong ca nude, thuc hi^n hoa
binh
thong nha't dat nude.
Thong qua Bao cao chinh
tri,
bao cao sua
chira doi Dieu 1^ Dang va thong qua ke
hoach
Nha nude 5 nam
thii
nha't (1961 -
1965) nham xay dyng budc dau co so vat
chat
- kl thuat ciia
chii
nghia xa hpi, thyc
hi^n
mpt budc cong
nghif
p
hoa xa hpi
chii
nghia.
Bau Ban Cha'p hanh Trung uong mdi ciia
Dang. Ho Chi
Minh

dupe bau lam
Chii
tich
Dang, Le Duan gii> chiic Bi thu
thii
nha't
ciia Dang.
4) Dai hpi
Ian
thii
IV
'J
Tir
ngay 14 den
ngay 20 - 12 -
1976
Da de ra duong loi xay dyng
chii
nghia xa
hpi
trong pham vi ca nude, duong loi chung
each
mang xa hpi
chii
nghia va dudng loi
xay dyng
kinh
te trong thai ki qua dp.
Dai
hpi quyet

dinh
phuang hudng, nhi?m
vy
va mye tieu ciia ke
hoach
Nha nude
5 nam (1976 -
1980),
la xay dung xa hpi chu
nghia, nham hai mye tieu ca ban: xay dung
mot bmc ca sa vat
chat
- ki
thuat
cua chu
nghta
xa hoi, bmc dau
hinh
thanh
ca cd'u
kinh
temai
I
AC
www.facebook.com/groups/TaiLieuOnThiDaiHoc01/
twng
cd
nieac
ma bo
phdn

chu ye'u Id ca cd'u
cong
nghiep
-
nong
nghicp
vd cdi
thien
mot
bif&c
dffi
so'n<^
vat
chd't
vd van hod cua
nhdn
dan
lao
dgng.
5) Dai hoi
Ian
thu VI
Tix
ngay 15 den
ngay 18 - 12 -
1986
Da danh gia
tinh
hinh
dat nuoc, kiem

diem
su lanh dao ciia Dang, vai tro quan li
cua Nha
nuac
trong thap ki dau ca
nuoc
di
len
chu nghla xa hpi, tu do xac djnh nhiem
vu,
muc tieu ciia
each
mang trong thai ki
doi
moi.
Khing
djnh tiep tuc duong loi chung
each
mang xa hoi chu nghla va duong loi xay
dung
kinh
te xa hoi chu nghla do cac dai
hoi
IV va V cua Dang de ra.
De ra duong loi xay dung chu nghla xa
hoi
trong
thoi
ki qua do tiep tuc duoc cu the
hoa tren ca so nang cao nhan thuc ve dac

diem
thoi
ki qua do len chu nghla xa hoi 6
Viet
Nam. Truoc mat, trong 5 nam tir nam
1986 den nam 1990, can tap
trung
sue
nguai,
sue cua thuc hien bang dugc nhiem
vu,
muc tieu cua Ba
chimng
tnnh
kinh
tevd
luang
thuc,
thuc
pham,
hang
tieu
dung
vd
hang
xud't
khd'u.
6) Dai hoi
Ian
thu VII

Tir
ngay 24 den
ngay 27 - 6 -
1991
Da tong ket, danh gia
viee
thuc hi^n
duong
loi doi moi cua Dai hoi VI, de ra chu
truong,
nhiem vu nham ke thua, phat huy
nhCrng
thanh tuu, uu diem da dat dugc;
khic
phuc nhCrng kho khan, ye'u kem mac
phai
trong
buoc
dau doi moi.
Quyet djnh mot so van de ve chien luge
lau
dai. Do la thong qua "Cuong ITnh xay
dung
dat
nuoe
trong
thoi
ki qua do di len
chu nghla xa hoi" va "Chien luge on djnh va
phat trien

kinh
te - xa hoi den nam
2000".
De ra nhiem vu, muc tieu
kinh
te - xa hoi
ciia
kehoach
5 nam (1991
-1995).
7) Dai hoi
Ian thii'
VIII
L
Tu
ngay 28-6
den ngay 1 - 7 -
1996
Tong ket 10 nam dat
nuoc
thuc
hifn
duong
loi doi moi, de ra
chii
truong, nhiem
vu
trong nhiem ki moi.
Khang djnh tiep tuc nim vCrng hai nhiem
vu

chien luge xay dyng va bao v^ to
quoe
xa hoi
chii
nghla.
De ra phuong huong, nhiem vu, muc tieu
kehoach
kinh
te - xa hgi 5 nam 1996 -
2000.
«. Vai tro lanh dao ciia Dang doi voi thang Igi ciia
each
mang
Vif t
Nam
Thai ki
lich
sii
Vai
tro lanh dao ciia Dang
I'i)
1930- 1931
1
ji
Vifa
moi ra doi. Dang da lanh dao nhan dan ta dau
tranh
chong thuc dan, phong kien trong phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1931 ma

dinh
cao la X6 viet Ngh^ - Tinh.
Phong trao da giang mot don quyet liet vao bgn thuc
dan
Phap
va phong kien tay sai.
Phong trao da the hien dugc vai tro lanh dao ciia Dang
trong
thuc tien dau tranh
each
mang. The hien dugc sue
manh ciia lien
minh
eong
- nong.
Day la
eugc
dien tap Ian dau tien chuan bj cho
Cach
mang thang Tam nam 1945.
5) 1932- 1935
Mac dau bj thuc dan
Phap
dan ap,
khiing
bo nhung
duoi
su lanh dao ciia Dang, cac chien sT cgng san va quan
chiing
nhan dan van kien tri dau tranh de hoi phuc

phong
trao.
Den thang 3 - 1935, sau khi phong trao
each
mang dugc
phuc hoi. Dang ta tien hanh Dai hgi Ian thu nha't de eiing
CO
to
chuc
Dang va vaeh ra phuong huong lanh dao,
chuan bj cho mot phong trao
each
mang moi.
J)
1936-1939
Truoe nhiing bien doi ciia
tinh
hinh
the
gioi
va trong
nude. Dang ta
chii
truong chuyen huong chi dao chien
luge,
sach
luge di den thuc hien
eugc
van dgng dan
chii

voi
muc tieu dau tranh doi tu do, dan
chii,
com ao, hoa binh.
Qua
eugc
van dgng dan
chii
1936 - 1939, Dang da tap
hgp dugc mot lue lugng chinh trj quan ehung dong dao
va sir dung dugc nhieu
hinh
thire dau tranh phong phu.
Day la
eugc
dien tap Ian
thir
hai chuan bj cho
Cach
mang thang Tam nam 1945.
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