Giáo trình máy xây dựng

BQ NaNG NGHI:E:PVA PIlAT TRIEN NaNG THaN
TRUONG CAO DANG CONG NGH¥ - KINH TE

vA

THiJy L<}I MIEN TRUNG

D,! an Khoa hQccong ngh~ nong nghiip - Giai llolJn 2010-201~
~.

1

'.",

Tieu hQc ph an 3.1
HlJng IDI}C: Bien sOlJnGiao trinh h~ Cao ding
Nganh Cong ngh~ Ky thu~,txay dlfDg

,

"

GIAOTRINH

MAY xAY DlfNG
•
Bien

SO~lD:DUONG

Hi)i An 11/2012

PHU HUNG


- .... ~


LOIN6IflA.U
May xay d\ffig la mQt mon hQc chuyen mon trong chuang trinh dao t(lOchuyen
nghi~p ngilnh Cong ngM ky th~t xay d\ffig.
Giao trinh "Mayxay d'1l1g" la giao trinh dilng lam tai li~u giang d(lY,hQc ~p cho
hQc sinh ngilnh Cong ngM ky thu~t xay d\ffig duqc vi~t cho. d\I an Khoa hQc cong ngh~
nong nghi~p- Giai dO(ln2010-2012. Ti~u hQcphftn 3.1. H(lngm\lc: Bien sO(lnGiao trinh h~ .
cao dfutg.Ngilnh Cong ngh~ Ky thu~t xay d\Illg.
.
Giao trinh duqc chia lam 08 chuang sau:
Chuang I. Khai ni~m chung
Chuang 2. May v~ chuy~n
Chuang 3. May nang chuy~n
Chuang 4. May dao ddt
Chuang 5: May va thi~t bi gia cong da
Chuang 6: May ph\lc V\lcong tac be tong
Chuang 7: Thi~t bi gia c6 n~n mong
Chuang 8: Khai thac su d\lllg may xay d\Illg va Th\Ic hiInh su d\lllg MXD
NQi dung cu6n sach duqc bien SO(lnsat vai d~ cuang giang d(lYmon May xay d\ffig
dii duqc TruOng cao dfutg Cong ngh~ - Kinh t~ va Thuy Iqi Mi~n Trung phe duy~t.
Hc gia chan thilnh cam an tdt ca nhiing nguai dii giup d&cho giao trinh duqc hoirn
thi~n, cac tac gia co cac giao trinh, tai li~u duqc tham khao va su d\lllg trong giao trinh nay
Tuy nhien giao trinh ch~c chfut kho tranh khoi nhi~u thi~u sot, cit mong ~
duqc y

ki~n dong gop cua cac thAytrong Khoa Ky thu~t Cong trinh va cac thAy co truOng Cao
dfutgC6ng ngM - Kinh t~ va ThUyIqi mi~n Trung.
Xin chan thilnh cam an.

TIle gia



MVCL1)C
Trang

CHUON" G 1. KHM NI:E:M CHUN G
1.1. PHAN' LO~I, cAu T~O, vEu cAu CHUNG DOl

V<'n

1
MAv xAv DVNG ••...••1

1.1.1. Phful 10(li
1.1.2. cAu t\lOchung
1.1.3. Cac yeu du chung d6i vm may xiiy d\ll1g

1.2. THI'ET BJ DQNG qrc

1
1
2

MAv xA V DVNG ..••..........•••..••.••.•................•..••........

:
2

1.2.1. DQng co d6t trong (Hinh 1.1)
1.2.2. DQng co diese14 thi (Hinh 1.2)
2. DQng co xang 2 thi: (Hinh 1.3)
1.2.3. DQng co diesel 2 thi (Hinh 1.5)
1.2.4. DQng co di~n

;

2
3
.4
5
5

1.3. cAc CHI TI'ET, cAc CVM CHI TI'ET CO BAN ....••••............••••.........••••...........•..•
6
1.3.1. Tf\lc va 6
1. Tf\lc: (Hinh 1.6)
1.3.2. Cac C\llIlchi tic:ltmay
1.3.3. Khap n6i va Iy hgp

:

6
6 ,
9
9

1.4. TRUY'EN DQNG MAv xA V Dl/NG .....••..••........••....••••..............•...............••.....•....
12
1.4.1. Khai ni~m
1.4.2. Truy~n dQng co khi
1.4.3. Truy~n dQng di~n
1.4.4. Truy~n dQng thuy l\fc

12
12
17
18

1.5. H~ THO~G DI CHl!V'E~ MAv xA V DVNG .................................................••.....20
1.5.1.
1.5.2.
1.5.3.
1.5.4.

U

H~ thong
H~ th6ng
H~ th6ng
H~ th6ng

di
di
di
di

'.

chuyen
chuy~n
chuy~n
chuy~n

bang xich (Hinh 1-26)
bfulg banh 16p (Hinh 1-27)
tren ray (Hinh 1-28)
tren phao va h~ th6ng di chuy~n buac

.

20
21
22
22

CH aNG 2. MAV V~N CHUVEN .........••••........•....••••••••.............••••••••..........••••......•.....
25
2.1. MAv V~N CHUV'EN NGANG .........................................................••••...........••.......25
2.1.1. Phful 10(li
2.1.2. 6 to va may keo
2.1.3. Ramooc va sami - ramooc

25
25 .
26

2.2. MAV V~N CHUV'EN LIEN T1)C..•••...............••••..••..............•••••..............••..........••••
29
2.2 .1. Phful 10\li
2.2.2. Bang tai cao su (Hinh 2-4)
2.2.3. Bang tai xich (Hinh 2-5)
2.2.4. Nang suAt v~ chuy~n bang tai
2.2.5. Vit tili
2.2.6. Gau tai

29
29
30
30
31
33

CHUaNG 3. MAv NANG CHUV'EN ..••.••.••••..........•...•..•••••••••••......•.•......••..•.•.•...•...•.•...
36
3.1. CONG DVNG vA pHAN LO~ •.•.......•.•.....•...•••••••••••.....•.•......••••••.•••....•..••..•••.•.•..••
36
3.1.1. Cong d\lIlg
3.1.2. Phful 10\li

36
36


3.2. MAy NANG DON GIAN
3.2.1. Kich

3.2.2. TOi
3.2.3. Pa lang
:

~

36
36
40
40

3.3. MAy NANG KIEU CAN
3.3 .1. Phan loai
~
3.3.2. Cful tIv~ thap (Hinh 3-7)
:
3.3.3. Cful tIvc tl,Ihanh
4. Cful tIvc t1,Ihanh banh xich (Hinh 3- 12)

42
.42
46
.47

cAu

3.4. MAy NANG KIEU
3.4 .1. cAu tIvc
3.4.2. c6ng tf\lc

42

48

;

48
49

:

3.5. MAy NANG KIEV KHUNG COT HUONG DAN (V~N THANG) •...••.•....•.•......50
CHUCING 4. MAy LAM BAT .....•..•....•....... :......••••.•..•.•..•.•.•..•..•..•.•......•..•.••••........•...••...
53
4.1. NHUNG VAN BE CHUNG .•..••..•.....•...•......•....•.•...•••......•...•.......•.....•......•...•..•.•....•..53

.

.

.

4.2. MAY DA 0 DAT
53
4.2.1. Phan lo~
53
4.2.2. May dao mQt gau
53
4.2.3. Nang suftt may dao mQt gim
61

4.2.4. T6 chuc thi cong maydao mQt gau va cac bi~n phlip nang cao nang suAt cho may
dao mQt gau
61
4.2.5 Sa lugc v€ may dao nhi€u gau
65
4.3. MAY BAO - CHUYEN BAT ..•..•......•......•.....•....•....•.........•..........•......•....•..•...•...•..... 66
4.3.1 May iii
4.2.2. May san
4.3.3. May C\lp

.

.

66
71
72

.

4.4. MAY DAM BAT

75

4.4 .1. Phan lo~
May dAm co nhi€u lo~, theo phuang phlip dAm ta phan ra:
4.4.2 May dAm Ian ep bfulg ll,Ictinh
4.4.3. May dAm bilng ll,Icrung
4.4.4. Nang suftt may dAm dAt
CH

If

.....

6.

"

75
75
,

76
78
82

••

ClNG 5. MAY VA THIET BJ GIA CONG BA .........•.......•..•...•.............................. 86

5.1. MAY NGillEN
5.1.1. May nghi€n
5.1.2. May nghi€n
5.1.3. May nghi€n
5.1.4. May nghi€n

BA ...•...•..•......•..•.....•..................•...............•........•........•..•....•......•...•.. 86

rna

non
tf\lC
roto, nghi€n bila

87
:

5.2. MAy SANG BA .....•......................•...................•.•...................•.....................•........•....

Khill ni~m chung
5.3. MAy NGHIEN SANG LIEN HQP ........•..•.................•...........................................

Khill ni~m chung

90
92

93
95

95
100
100

CHUCING 6. MAy PHl)C Vl) CONG TAc BE TONG ............................................•.

103

6.1. KHAI NII):M ....................•.......................... ;..........................................•...............•...

103


,

A

A

6.2. MAY TRQN BE TONG
6.2.1. Phiin lolli
6.2.2. May tr(}n t\1do
6.2.3. May tr(}n ki~u cuang buc (HiOO 6.4)
6.2.4. TiOOnang su~t Clla may tr(}n be tong
6.3. MA 'Y:BAM BE TONG
"
6 .3 ..1 Kh"ill m~m

103
103
104
105
106

~

107
107

6.3 .2. Phiin lolli

107
6.3.3. May dlim m(it.
108
6.3.4. May dlim trong
110
6.3.5. TiOOnang su~t may dlim
113
6.4. MAY V ~N CHUYEN BE TONG ....•.......••.•.•..•........•.•...............••...........••....•.........
114
6.4.1. May bam be tong
:
114
6.4.2. Dto v~ chuy~n betong
116
U
.
0"
CH aNG 7. THIET BI GIA C NEN MONG ...............•..•.......................••••..•.•.•.....•
118
•.....
,
7.1 NHu
l~G,VAN DE CHUNG
.118
,
7.2 MAY :BONG CQC
118
7.2.1. Phiin lolli
118
7.2.2. C~u!{to chung Clla gUm bua

119
7.2.3. Bua diesel
120
7.2.4. Blla rung
121
. 7.2.5. TiOOnang su~t clla bUa dong CQC
123
7.2.6. 1bi~t bi khoan CQC0061..
123
7.2.7. TiOOnang su~t clla bUa dong CQC
124
7.3. MAy EP CQC vA MAy cAM BAc THAM ..•.•...........•.........•......•.....•.•.......•...•..
125
7.3 .1. May ep CQC '"
125
7.3.2. May cfun b~c th~
127
CHUaNG 8. KHAI THAc SU DVNG MAy xA Y DlfNG •..•.......•..........•.••........•....•
129
.8.1. TIEP NH~ vA BAN GIAO MAY xA Y DlfNG, CH~ Y RA MAYxA YDlfNG

.

.

...........................................................................................................................................
8.1.1. Ti~p oo~va biln giao may xay dl,lng
8.1.2. Ch(lYra may xay dl,lng
,

su

129
129
129

8.2. pu A IyIAY~ Y DlfNG V Ao
DlJNG,BAo DUCYNGKY THU~ T vA SUA
CHUA MAY XA Y DlfNG
130
8.2.1. Dua may xay dl,lng vao sir d\lllg
130
8.2.2. Bao duang ky thti?t va sUa chua may xay dl,lng
130
8.3. BAo QUAN MAY xA Y DlfNG, V ~N CHUYEN MAy xA Y DlfNG .........•...•.130
8.3.1. Bao quiln rpay xay dl,lng
130
8.3.2. v~chuy~n may xay dl,lng
131
8.4. AN ToAN LAO DQNG TRONG SU DlJNG MAY xA Y DlfNG .•......•.....•.•...•..132
CAU HOI ON T~P CH u aNG 5................•.•.•.•..........•.•.....•.......•..•.....••..............•.•.•...•.
132
1. HAy TRINH BAY KHAI NI~M BAo DUCYNGKY THU~T V A suA CHUA?132
2. _NQI !lUNG ~lJ TH~ CVA sAo DUCYNGKY THU~T vA SUA CHUA TRONG
HI):THONG BAO DUaN G .....•......•.....................•.•.........•.•............•..•..•..................•.....
132
•

•

A

-

T~


.CHUONG 1. KHAI NltM CHUNG
1.1.PHAN LO.;.I, cAu T';'0, YEU cAu CHUNG D61 VOl MAy

xA Y DVNG

1.1.1. Phanlo~i
May xay d\Il1g conhi~u chUng 101;liva da ~g,
de ti~n cho vi~c nghien Clru Ung
d\ll1g, co the phiin 101;limay xay d\l'l1gtheo dIng d\ll1g, ngu6n dQng l\lc, phu(ffig phap di~u
khien ho~c h~ th6ng di chuyen.
1. Dlpl vao cllng dl}ng: may xay dlfllg il1rqc chia thanh cac nhOrn nhtr sau:
_ May phat I\lC: de cung cAp dQng l\lc cho may khac liim vi~c nhu may phat di~n,
may nen khi, ...
_ May v~ chuyen ngang: v~ chuyen theo phu(ffig ngang nhu cac phu(ffig ti~n v~n
chuyen bfuIg dUOngbQ, dUOng s~t, dUOngthuy, dUOng khong.
_ May v~ chuyen lien t\lc: v~ chuyen v~t li~u, hang hoa thiinh dong lien t\lC nhu
bang tai, vit tw, ...
_ May nang chuyen: v~ chuyen theo phu(ffig thfuIg dUng nhu kich, tin, palang, dn
trvc, du trvc, ...
_ May liim ddt: ph\lc V\l cac khau thi cong ddt nhu may dao, may iii, may dfun ,...
_ May gia cong da nhu may nghi~n, may sang, may rna cat da, ...
_ May ph\lc V\l cong tac be tong nhu may trQn, may dfun, may v~ chuyen be tong, ..
_ May gia cong s~tthep nhu may han, may c~t thep, may n~ thfuIg c6t thep, may

u6n c6t thep,.
_ May gia c6 n~n mong nhu may dong CQC,may ep CQC,may khoan CQCnh6i, may
ck

bdc thfun.
_ May chuyen dUng cho timg ngiinh nhu may dao kenh mU(ffig, may rai betong nh\la,

may phay m~t dUOng nh\la, may lao I~p dfun du, ...
2. Dlpl vao ngu6n dqng h,re:
- May dfuI dQng bfuIg dQng co d6t trong
- May dfuI dQng bfuIg dQng co di~n
- May dfuI dQng bfuIg dQng co thuy l\lc
3. Dlpl vao h~ thang di chuy~n:
- May di chuyen bfuIg biinh 16p
- Maydi chuyen bfuIg biinh xich
- May di chuyen bfuIg biinh s~t Ian tren ray
- May di chuyen tren phao
- May di chuy~n bfuIg co cdu t\l bUGC
4. DJ1lI vao phtr01lg philp di@ukhi~n
- May di~u khi~n bfuIg co khi
- May di~u khien bfuIg thuy l\lc
- May di~u khien bfuIg di~n
- May di~u khi~n bfuIg khi nen

,

1.1.2. cAu t\lo chung
1

May xliy d\lllg co OOi~uchimg 10l;U,diu t\10 timg 10\1imay khac OOau, OOung nhin .
chung chimg co cae hi} pl$l hgp thanh OOusau:
"
- Bi} ph~ pMt l\lc
- Bi} ph~ cong tac: hi} ph~ tac di}ng d~n d6i tugng thi cong
-Cac co c~u: co diu quay, co c~u nang h\1cAn, co diu nang h\1v{it, ...
- H~ th6ng truy~n di}ng
- H~ th6ng di~u khi~n: lai, phanh ham, ...
- H~ th6ng di chuy~n
- Khung va h~ may
- Cac thi~t bi ph\!: chi~u sling, tin hi~u den col, ...
Tuy theo yeu cAu va chuc nling, mi}t may co th~ co dAy du cac hi} ph~
neu tren ho(ic co th~ chi g6m mi}t s6 hi}pl$l.

hgp thilnh

1.1.3. Cae yeu ciu chung dBi vOi may xiy d\fDg
B~ dlip lIng qua triOOcong ngh~ trong xiiy d\lllg va tiOOki~ t~, may xliy d\lllg phiri
dam hilo cac yeu cAu chung sau:
- Cfmg s~t di}ng co hgp Iy, ti~t ki~m nang lugng, sir d\lllg ngu6n nanglugng thong .
d\lllg
- Kich thuac 000 g<;m,d6 v~ chuy~n, d6 thi cong
- Co di} b~n va tu6i thQ cao, cong ngM tien ti~n
- Bam hilo dugc nang s~t va ch~t lugng thi cong, co kha nang ph6i hgp lam vi~c
cimg vai cac 10\1imay khac, bilo du5ng sira chua d6 dang, co khil nang dg trfr OOieq.li~u
trong thai gian lam vi~c tuong d6i dili
- Sir d\lllg th~ ti~n, an toan
- Khong lam iInh hui'mg d~n moi trui'mg xung quanh
- Gia thilnh don vi san x~t th~p
1.2. TRIET HJ DQNG

qre MAy

xA Y D\JNG

Cac lo(\i di}ng co va t6 hgp d('mg I\lC thu<'m.g dUng trong may xiiy d\lllg
Thi~t hi di}ng Igc Clla may xliy d\lllg thulmg la di}ng co d6t trongva di}ng co di~n.
1.2.1. flQng CO' If ottrong

(HiOO l.l)

1. Khai nifm:
Bi}ng co noi chung va di}ng co d6t trong noi rieng la
cung c~p co nang cho cac bi} cong tac cua may lam vi~c trong
qua triOO lam vi~c. Bi}ng co d6t trong chuy~n d6i OOi~t nang
tir sg d6t chay nhien li~u toa ra OOi~t nang va bi~n OOi~tnang
do thilnh thilnh co nang ngay ben trong di}ng co nen dugc gQi
la di}ng co d6t trong.

a

Hinh 1.1. So db dQng C(J dbt trong

2


2. Phan 10\li:
D1,la VaG sA thi, chia liun 2 lo(li: d(>ng co 4 thi va d(>ng co 2 thi
_ D(>ng co 4 thi: chu trinh liun viec cua d(>ng co duQ'c holin thanh sau 4 hanh trinh cua
pittilng tlrc 2 vong quay Clla trvc khuYu .

• D(>ng co 2 thi: chu trioo liun viec cua d(>ng co dUQ'cholin thanh sau 2 hanh trinh cua
pittong tlrc 1 vong quay cua trvc khuYu.
D1,la VaG nhiful lieu, chia liun 2 lo(li: d(>ng co xang va d(>ng co diessel.

1.2.2. Di}ng cO' diesel 4 thi (Hinh 1.2)
1. Nguyen Ii kSt cdu va v$n chuyin cua di}ng cO' diesel 4 thi:
Thi hut: pittilng di chuyen til diem ch~t tren d~n diem ch~t dum, xu pap hut

rna,

khong !Thi Dlln: pit tong di chuyen til diem ch~t dum d~n diem ch~t tren , hal xu pap dong
kin, khong khi duQ'c nen trong xi lanh. V 110 cuAi thi nen, ap suAt khong khi trong bu6ng dAt
d(lt d~n kholing 30kG/cm2, nhiet d(>tiing len d~n 600°C.
Thi nil: pittong nen khong !bu6ng dA! vm ap suAt cao kholing 150kG/cm2 tan thanh suang, giiip khong !cMy, ap suAt tang vQt len kholing 70kG/cm2, t(lo thi nb dAy pittong d~n diem ch~t dum.
Thi xii: pit tong di chuyen til diem ch~t dum d~n diem ch~t tren , xu pap xa rna, !chay duQ'c dAy ra ngoai.
Trong mQt chu ky, trvc khuYu quay hai vong, pittong len hai lAn, xuAng hal lAn, co
mQt IAn nb sinh congo
DQng co diesel co cac Uti diem nhu hieu sudt tuang d6i cao, v~ t6c quay nh6 han
dQng co xiing, llhien lieu diesel re han xiing, duemg diiic tinh momen it dQ d6c han, vi v~y
duQ'c sir d\lllg ph6 bi~n trong may xiiy dl,lDg.
.

, KI"1lp

-w~:~a~

II

I

~ITrlJCkhllyu

Np.n

Hinh1-2. Trinh

til

lam vi~c cua dong

3

CCI diesel

4 thi


2. flQng cO' dng 2 thi: (Hinh 1.3)
Khi tIvc khuYu quay, pittong di tir diSm chet duOOlen diSm chei tren, cua.xa dugc
pitt6ng day
den khi ,
. kin. Hoa khi co sdn trong xi lanh bi nen, ap suAt va nhi~t d(\ tang; dfut,
"
pitt6ng di gfut too diSm chet tren thi bi b6c chay nho bu ri ph6ng tia hi,a di~ri. Khi pitt6ng di
len dS nen hoa khi thi 6 phia duai pittong, trong cac te, ap suAt giam va hoa khi tir b(\ che
hoa khi qua 6ng nl;lp va dugc hUt vao cae te qua cUa nl;lpdS chufut bi cho vi~c thA,ihoa khi

vao xi lanh 6 hilnh trinh sau.
£>(\ngco xang 2 thi thuOng dugc dUng trong cac lol;llmay co cong su&t.nho'"nhu n;tay
dfun betong (dfun dill), may dfun d&t(dfun ban rung). . .
"
"
Nap
xihmh

bugl

.•..~"..

"

.•...
., .•"'"
eU'a

Cilnh

Ian

nhi~t

".' ~)islon
~-~.-~.

lla

Cua nap

Cua
qlJt~1

Thanh tJUyen -

-Tll.,lC

HQP IJUG~huyu

klluyu ..' "
Hinhl-3. Sa db cAu

t(10

d(\ng c<;>,
xAng 2 kY

==-rd - 'll
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3

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Hinhl-4. Thu til him vi~e eua d(\ng ea xang 2

4

4

ky


1.2.3. DQng coo diesel 2 thi (Hinh 1.5)

1. Nguyen Ii ket cAuva vtn chuyin cua d(ing CO' diesel 2 thi:
Khac vm d{lng co xang 2 thi, d{lng co diesel 2 thi co m{lt xupap dugc b6 tri

a cua xa,

con cua n~p (16 quet khi) dugc dong rna bm piston. Lo\ri mly dugc dUng tren nhUng
may yeu cAu cong su~t r~t Ian va t6c d{l lam vi~c ch~

nhu tau thUy.

Hiinh trinh I

a

Khi piston di chuyen til diem ch~t dum len diem ch~t tren, xupap xa
~g
thal
dong. DAu tien cac cua quet khi (cua n~p) clla xilanh dugc rna ra, khong khi tir ngoai moi
truang dugc may quet khi d~y vao trong xilanh. Khi piston ti~p t\lC di chuyen di len thi cac

cua quet nay dong l~i khong khi trong xilanh bi nen l\ri lam ap su~t va nhi~t d{l tang len,
khi di d~n gAn diem ch~t tren voi phun phun nhien li~u vao xilanh
d~g suong mll hOa

a

tr{ln vm khong khi

a ap su~t va nhi~t d{l cao nen tv b6c chay.

Hiinh trinh II
Voi phun ti~p wc phun nhien li~u vao bu6ng chliy va bi d6t chliy lam ap su~t trong
bu6ng chay tang len d~y piston di xu6ng lam quay trl,lc khuYu, khi piston di xu6ng d~n
gAn cua quet thi xupap n~p rna ra, san ph~ chliy co ap su~t cao trong xilanh xara ngoai,
khi piston di qua khoi cua n~p thi may quet khi th6i vao trong xilanh h6 trg d~y h~t khi xa
ra ben ngoal.

. Hinhl-5. Th(rt\r lam viee ella dQngcO' diesel 2 thi
1.2.4. DQng ca di~n
D{lng co di~n dugc su dvng r{lng rai tren cac may c6 dinh cling
nghi~n, may sang da, may tr{ln be tong, can trl,lc ...
Uu diem: hi~u s~t cao, g(;mnhl(, chiu vugt tai tuong d6i t6t, thay
khm d{lng nhanh, gia thanh ~, lam vi~c tin c~y, d6 tv d{lng hoa, di~u
nghi~p t6t, it gay 0 nhi6m moi truang
Nhugc diem: kho thay d6i t6c d{l quay, momen khm d{lng nho,

nhu di d{lng: may
d6i chi~u quay va
ki~n v~ sinh cong
phlii co ngu6n va

m~g lum cung c&pdi~n.
DQng co di~n co nhi~u lo\ri, duge chia ra lam cae nhom nhu sau:

a. D(ing CO' di~n xoay chi@u:
DQng co di~n khong d6ng bQ vm roto l6ng soc d.u t~o don gian, re ti~n, de bao quan,
lam vi~c tin c~y. nhugc diem Clla no la: hi~u s~t th~p, khong di~u chinh dugc t6c dQ. Lo~i
nay dugc su d\lng ph6 bi~n nhung cong su~t thuang nho hon 10kW.
5


DQng cO'khong dang bQ roto day quful c6 cAu tllO phuc tI;lp,dlit tiBn, v~ himh phuc
tllP nhtrng tinh khOi dQng vii diBu t6c kha t6t, thubng duQ'c che tI;lo vOi cong suAt
(7+100)kW.
DQng cO'di~n xuay chiBu dang bQ c6 uu di~m Iii hi~u suAt vii h~ s6'coscp c~o; t6c dQ
quay 6n dinh, h~ s6 qua tiIi Ian nhtrng cAu tllOWang d6i phuc tllP, gia thimh kha cao vi phlii
c6 thiet bi phl) khOi dQng dQng cO'nen thubng dimg cho cac may c6 yeu c~u t6c dQquay
khongd6i.
, b. D(lng cO'di~n m(lt chi~u
DQng cO'di~n mQt chiBu mlic song sOlig ho~c n6i tiep c6 phl;lm vi thay d6i t6c dQ Ian,
momen khOi dQng cao, dam hilo khoi dQng em, hiim vii dilo chiBu d~ dlmg, do d6 duQ'c
dimg trong cac thiet bi v~n chuy~n bfulg di~n, may dilo, cArrtrl)c, thang may' ... nhuQ'Cdi~m
cua chUng Iii gia thimh dlit, phili tang them v6n dAu tu d8 d~t cac thiet bi chinh luu hay may
phat di~n 1 chi Bu.

1.3. cAc CHI TIET,

cAc

Cl)M CHI TIET CO B~N

Chi tiet may Iii mQt dan vi hQ'Pthimh cua may, m6i chi .tiet may lamQt dan vi !iBn
kh6i holm chinh va khong th8 thao ra thimh nhUng dan vi dan gilm han bfulg cac dl)llg Cl)
thao llip thong dl)ng. Cac chi tiet may thubng g~p nhu: trl)c, 6, then; bu1ong, dai 6c, banh
rang, ilia xich, ...
1.3.1. Trl,lc va 0
1. Trl,lc: (Hinh 1.6)
\':\1

t 11.1f.
"

-f-

-

;h"'

---

.'

,oj

--

/
/

R,u:ll 111~1I

,

,
\

\

nil"

~

,"

r

-

Dl)~11l:tl~
:zh~I'

UIf~Jll

Ranh then
Hlnhl-6. Cdu tilo chung cua trvc

cAu tI;lochung cua tfl)c: (hinh 1-6)
- Ngong tfl)c : PhArrtfllC llip vao 6 do trl)c.
- Vai tfl)C : PhArrchuy~n tiep giiia ngong tfl)C hay c6 trl)c vai thiin trl)c. Vai tfl)C c6
d\lllg loa kim d~ tranh trng suAt ~p trung.

- Than tfl)c: PhArrd~ llip cac tiet may quay.
- Riinh llip then: D~ llip cac tiet may cimg quay v6'i tfl)c.

6


Tf\lc la chi ti~t may de dO'cac chi ti~t may quay tren no hoillcquay cUng no nhu banh
rang, dTaxlch, dTaquay ... de truy~n moment xofut hoillclam ca 2 chlrc nang tren.
Theo hinh d{mg duang tam tf\lc, co cac lo\li: tf\lc thfutg va tf\lc khu)ru.
Theo dillcdiem chiu tai, co cac lo\li: tf\lc tam, tf\lc truy~n va tf\lc truy~n chung
Theo cau ~o tf\lc, co cac lo\li tf\lc: tf\lc trOll, tf\lC b~c, tf\lc dillc,tf\lc r6ng, tf\lc dinh
hinh, tf\lc m~m.
LO\li tf\lc ph6 bi~n thuang dUng la tf\lc dillcco bi).c,tf\lc co klch thucrc 16'nthuang la
tf\lc trOll de d~ ch~ ~o, tf\lc ding de ti~t ki~m v~t li~u va giam kh6i lugng qulin tinh cua
t11,Jc.Tf\lc co ti~t di~n khong la hinh trim duQ'CgQi la tf\lc dinh hinh nhu tf\lc cam, tf\lc then
hoa, ...
Tf\lc m~m g6m mQt loi va nhi~u 16'pday d6ng hoillcday thep xofut quanh loi, vm cau
~o nhu v~y no co khil nang chiu xofut rat cao nhung chiu u6n thap. Lo\li tf\lc nay dUng d~
truy~n momen xofut gifra cae bQ phi).n may co vi trl thay d6i khi lam vi~c, dUQ"csir d\lIlg
trong dfun dui, may c~t co, day c6ngtmnet, ...

-f. 65 .3E_,

'_
•_;--_.
•••.. -_3E".

9

+

.

•

Hinhl-7: Tf\lc thrmg va t11,JckhuYu

----"0'-

-I)--~--Hinhl.8: Tf\lc truy~n chung

7


.-

HlnhI-9: TT\lc b~c

2. 0:

6 tJvc

dUng d~ dO' cac tJvc quay ho~ dO' chi ti~t may quay tren tJvl:' Nho co 6 rna
tJvc ho(ic chi ti~t quay tren tT\lCco vi tri xac dinh va quay quanh m(\t dUOng tam dinh sful.
Theo tinh rna sat trong 6, co hai lolli: 6 truqt va 6 Ian
Theo d(ic di~m chiu tal, co cac lolli: 6 dO',6 ch(in, va 6 dO'ch(in
a. 0 Hin: (Hinhl-IO)
Can ge;>ila vang bi, co cAu ~o g6m vang trong, vang ngoal, cac con Ian va vang cach
(ra bi)
Vang trong I~p vOl ngong tT\lC,vang ngoai Hip vOl than 6, than may ho~c chi ti~t

quay tren tJvc.
Co th~ co m(\t ho(ic nhi~u day con Ian, con Hm co nhi~u hinh d(U1gkhac nhau: hinh
cAu, hinh con, hinh tJv, ... tuy theo IOl;li6. Yang cach co tlic dl)Ilg lam cho cac con Ian khong .
ti~p xuc nhau, giam dugc rna sat trong 6 d~ tang tu6i the;>clla 6.
..'-'-

___

' Vong ngoai _
(outer ring)

Vang tron£
(inner ring)

'.
.,

Con Ian
(bafl/roller)

Vong each
(cage/retainer)

6 dO•• (roller

<:> b (ball bearing)

bearing)

HlnhI-IO. Cdu t\lO Aliin

6 Ian dugc

qui uac ky hi~u bai m(\t day s6, cac chi! s6 bi~u thi cac d~c di~m clla 6.
Trong do, hai s6 cu6i clla day s6 bi~u thi dUOng kinh trong Clla 6 tt'rc kich thuac I~p vai
ngong tJvc, dugc qui uac nhu sau:
S6 hi~u xxOOxxOI xx02 xx03 xxab (ab=04+99)
DuOng kinh d(mm) 10 12 15 17 d = ab x 5

6 lim co cac uu di~m: M s6 rna sat nho, cham soc va hOi tron don giiln,it t6n v~t li~u
boi tron, dugc tieu chu&n hoa va tinh I~p lfuI rAt cao. Tuy nhien no co m(\t s6 nhugc di~m
8


OOu:tu6i thQ th~p, kich thuac duang kiOO16n, kho I~p ghep, khong dimgdugc cho tI\Jc co
duang kiOOngong qua 16n ho~c qua 000, duang kiOOngong phi tieu chuk.
DAi vm OOUng6 liin co duang kiOO 6 b~ng ho~c 000 hon IOmm, d~n ho~c Ian hon
500mm, duang kiOO16 thuang biBu thi b~g milimet va khong dugc rna hoa. Phful biBu thi
kich ca 6 Ian dugc tach ra khoi phful con 1\Ii Clla ky hi~u b~g d~u g\ich cheo, vi d\l
61 88/8(d = 8 mm) ho~c 511/530(d = 530). Di6u nay ding dUng vm OOUng61an tieu chuful
theo ISO 15:1998 co duang kiOO16 b~g 22, 28 ho~c 32 OOu62/22 (d = 22). Nhiing 6 Ian
co duang kiOO6 b~g 10,12,15,17 mm co rna sAkich
sau: 00 =10 mm 01 = 12 mm 02 ='

ca

'15mm03=17mm
DAi vm cac 6 Ian 000 co duang kiOO16 dum 10 mm OOu6 bi da, 6 bi tva Iva va 6 bi
da ch~, duang kiOOciing dugc biBu thi b~g milimet (khong rna bOa) OOung khong tach
rm khoi phful ky hi~u con 1\IiOOu629 ho~c 129(d

Duang kiOO 6 Ian khong theo tieu chuk
khong dugc rna bOa vii I~y d~n ba sA Ie. Thanh
phful Clla ky hi~u ca biln vii duQ'c vi~t rm ra khoi

= 9 mm).
luon luon dugc biBu thi b~g milimet,
phful biBu thi duang kiOO 16 nay Iii m(\t
ky hi~u ClJbiln b~g d~u g\ich cheo vi d\l

6202/15,875 (d = 15,875 mm = 5/8 inch).
b. 6 tnrqt: (HiOO1-11)

--.

)

,

.

Hlnh 1-11: Cau t\10{j truqt

B(\ ph~ lam vi~c chu y~u cua 6 trug! Iii b\ic lot. M~t trong b\ic lot ti~p xuc vai ngong
tT\lCIii m~t lam vi~c, m~t ngoili I~p vrn than 6 ho~c than may. B\ic lot duQ'c ch~ !;to ill v~t
li~u co h~ sA rna sat th~p OOud6ng thanh, hgp kim OOom, d6ng thau, ... dB giam hu hong
cho ngong tT\lc.
DAi vai cac c6 tI\Jc khuyu khong thB dimg 6 Ian, ngum ta dung 6 lrUg!, khi do cac
b••c duQ'c lam thanh hai nua dB co thB I~p vao c6 tI\Jc khuYu
1.3.2. Cae cym chi ti~tmay
DB thu~ ti~n cho vi~c I~p nip may, cae chi ti~t may duQ'c I~p sful thanh OOiing C\lffi

co OOUngchuc nang khac nhau OOukh6'p nAi, Iy hgp, hQp giam tAc, pittOng-xilanh ...theo
tieu chuk OO~tdiOO.
NguiYi dung chi cful Iva chQn pM hgp vai m\lC dich cua minh.
1.3.3. Khap nO'iva Iy hQ'p

9


1. N3i tr\lc:
N6i tIvc dUng d~ n6i cae tIvc ho(\c chi ti~t may quay vai nhau, giam tai trQng dQng;
ngan ngira qua tai.

Hlnhl-12. N6i tIvc dia

a. N3i tr\lc cUng: (Hinhl-13)
Con g9i IIIn6i t!"\lCch(it
TruOng hgp tIvc co chi~u dai Ian, n~u ch~ t(lO li~n kh6i se g(ip 19lo khan trong ch6
1(10, v?n chuy~n, vll I~p rap, ngubi ta ch~ t(lOnhi~u t!"\lCng~ r6i n6i I(li vo; nhau b~g n6i
t!"\lCch(it ki~u 6ng hO(ic ki~u dia (Hinhl-13) N6i t!"\lCch(it duqc tieu chuful hoa theo dUOng
kinh tIvc.

Hlnhl-l3. N6i If\lc ch~l

b. N3i tr\lc mem:
Con g9i IIIn6i tIvc bU
N6i t!"\lCbU dUng d~ n6i cac l!"\lCkho di~u chinh lh~g !fun vo; nhau, bi nghieng hO(ic .
bi I~ch d6i vo; nhau do ch6 t(lO,I~p ghep thi~u chinh xac ho(ic do tIvc bi bi6n d(lllg dan h6i.
N6i t!"\lCbu ph6 bi~n III n6i tIvc xich, n6i t!"\lCrang, n6i tIvc dan h6i, n6i t!"\lCcac
dang.
- N6i t!"\lcxich' g6m hai dia xich co s6 rang nhu nhau I~p tren hai dAu tIvc, mQt vong

day xich an khap vai cll hai dia xich, ngolli cUng IIIvo che. N6i l!"\lcxich duqc tieu chuful
cho tr\lC co dUOng kinh 18+ 125 mm.
- N6i t!"\lCrang duqc tieu chuful hoa theo dUOng kinh tIvc co dUOng kinh 40+560
mm.
- N6i tIvc cac dang lhuOng dUng trong 0 to, may keo, may xay d\lllg. ChUng cho
phep truy~n momen xo~ gifra hai tIvc c~l nhau mQt goc d6n 40°

10


_ N6i tl'\lc dim h6i co th~ giam va d~p, chful d(Jng, d~ phOng c(Jng hul'mg do dao d(Jng
xoifu va co th~ lam vi~c nhu n6i tl'\lc

bU.

Hlnhl-15. N6i tf\lc vong diU!h6i

Hlnhl-14. N6i tf\lC xich
2. Ly

h'1P (HinhI-I6)

18

17 16

a)
Hlnh 1-16. Sa d6 Iy hQ"Plo\lirnQt rna va hai rna
1- tf\lC khuY'u; 2- banh da; 3- rna bi dQng; 4- rna ep; 5- cacte Iy hQ"P;6- ch\lp Mnh tran;
7- bulong ep; 8- g6i dO'c~n ep; 9- c~n ep; 10- vong nhilli hQ"P;11- tr\lC Iy hQ"P;12- bim d(lp;

13- thanh keo; 14- don b~y; 15- 10 xo h6i vi; 16- 10 xo ep; 17,23- ch6t dful huang; 18- g6i
dO'; 19- 10 xo ep tach rna trung gian; 20- bu long di~u chlnh rna ep trung gian; 21- rna chti
dQng; 22- rna bj dQng sau; 24- rna trung glan; ,25- rna bj dQng tru&c.
Dung d~ nbi ho(ic tach truy~n d(Jng gifra,cac tl'\lc theo
tai, dao chieu quay, thay dbi v~

Sl!

dieu khi~n, ngiin ngira qua

t6c. Theo nguyen Iy lam vi~c co cac 10(li nhu Iy hgp rna

sat, ly hgp van, ly hgp thny I\l'c.

11


1.4. TRUVEN DQNG MAy xAY DlfNG
1.4.1. Khciini~m.
C\ffi1truy~n de)ng truy~n chuy~n de)ng til thi8t bi pMt b,rc d8n thi8t bi chAp hanh, qua
trinh truy~n chuy~n de)ng lam thay dbi cac thong sb nhu v~ tbc, momen, hrc, doi khi thay
dbi cil qui lu~t chuy~n dgng.
Thi8t bi pMt b,rc co d{mg chuy~n dgng quay, v~ tbc 100 vii momen nh6 nhu .de)ngcO"
di~n, de)ng cO"dbt trong. Thi8t bi cong tilc Clla may xay d\l'llg I~ cfut v~ tbc nh6, momen
100, vii co th~ chuy~n de)ng tinh ti8n. Vi v~y cfut thi8t pMi co C\ffi1fruy~n dgng d~ truy~n
chuy~n de)ng vii lam thay dbi cac thong sb, thay dbi qui lu~t chuy~n de)ng.
1.4.2. Truyen dQng cO' khi
Theo nguyen Iy lam vi~c, truy~n dgng cO"khi dugc chia lam hai lo~: truy~n de)ng
nhiYrna silt vii truy~n de)ng an kh&p.
- Truy~n dQng nhiYrna sat g6m truy~n de)ng bilnh rna silt, truy~~ de)ng dai, ttuY~n

de)ng bilnh rna sat - thanh dai.
.
.
- Truy~n de)ng an kh&p truy~n chuy~n de)ng nhiYS\I an kh&p gifra ca~ rang ho(ic ren,
g6m cac 10ilinhu: truy~n de)ng bilnh rang, truy~n de)ng bilnhrang - thanh rang,truy~n de)ng
xich, truy~n de)ng tn,Jc vit - dai bc, truy~n de)ng tn,Jc vit - bilnh viI.
Cac thOng sb chll y8u d~c trung cho be)ttuy~n:
Cong swlt tl1,lCdfut de)ng (tl1,lCchll de)ng): NI, kW
Cong suit tl1,lCbi dfut de)ng (tl1,lCbi de)ng): N2, kW .
Hi~u suit:

11= N,

(1.1)

N1

v~ tbc

quay clla tn,ICcM de)ng: ni. v/f
v~ tbc quay clla tl1,lCbi de)ng: n2, v/f
Ti sb truy~n: Iii ti sb gifra v~ tbc Clla tn,Jc cM de)ng vii v~ tbc clla tn,Jc bi dQng:

i =~

(1.2)

N,

Momen xolin tren tn,Jc:

M - 9,55.l0'.N

(N.mm)

n

1. Truy~n dQngbanh ma sat:
Truy~n de)ng bilnh rna sat co c&utllOg6m hai bilnh rna sat ti8p xuc nhau.
Truy~n de)ng bilnh rna sat th\IC hi~n truy~n chuy~n de)ng quay nhiYl\Ic rna slit sinh ra
tlli cha ti8p xuc gifra hai bilnh.
Ti sb truy~n:
i = D 2 (D
D,

I,

D2: Iii duiYngkinh clla hai bilnh rna slit)

(1.3)

LOlli truy~n de)ng nily co uu di~m: c&utllo dO"llgiiln, lam vi~c em, co khil nang ngila

12


qua tiLi,di~ti chinh vo cAp t6c dQ nhl1llg co nhuQ'c diem la hrctiLc d\ll1g len trvc l6n, dtl bi
trngt nen ti s6 truy~n khong lin dinh.
2. Truyin dqng dai: (ffinhl-17)
Truy~n dQng dai co cAu ti,iOgam: banh dai cM dQng, banh dai bi dQng va diiy dai v~t
qua hai banh dai.

Truy~n dQng dai th\fC hi~n truy~n chuyen dQng quay giita cae tl'\lC xa nhau nha S\f
ti@pxuc giita dai va banh dai.
Truy~n dQng dai thuang dimg trong may nen khi, may nghi~n da. Trong truy~n dQng
giam t6c nhi~u cap, truy~n dQng dai thuang d~t i:J cAp ddu tien, noi co momen xo~

nho

nhAt de ngan ngira qua tiLi.
Dai gam cac lo~: dai d\lt, dai trim, dai thang, dai rang. D6i vCribQ truy€n dai chiu tiLi
l6n co the gam nhi~u diiy dai v~t qua hai banh dai.

HlnhI-I7. Truy8n dQng dai
1,2,3,4: dt dQc, cllt ngang dai

Co nhi~u kieu truy~n dQng dai: truyen dQng thuang, truyen dQng cheo, truyen dQng
nita cheo, truyen dQng goc.
Truyen dQng dai co cac

IIU

diem: co kha nang truyen dQng giita cac tl'\lC kha xa nhau,

lam vi~c em, co the ngira qua tai, cAuti,iodan gian, dtl cham soc bao dUOng.
aj

b)

Hlnh 1-18. Sa db cac ki~u truy8n dQng dai
a) Truy~n dQng goc; b) Truy~n dQng cheo; c) Truy8n dQng niia cheo

13


Cac nhugcdi€m:
IOn, nhanh hu hOng.

kich thuoc IOn, ti s6 truy€n khong 6n dinh, l\Ic tilc d\lng len trl,Ic

3. TruySn d{lng banh rang: (Hinhl-19)

III

•
\

,~ :'. .-\ •..
.•~
••...

.

•...

.

,.. ~ .

~'.

i'::..~ ..

f)

IP

hl

i)

Hlnh 1-19. Cac IO(litruy~n d(\ng blinh rang
Truy~n d(\ng bilnh rang hai tl'\lCsong song ( a, b, c: rang thAngnghieng, chit v);
Truy~n d(\ng banh rang hai tl'\lCc~t nhau (thurang non, rang thAng,nghieng, cong hlnh d); Truy~n d(\ng blinh rang hai trllc truy~n d(\ng
truy~n d(\ng bilnh rang lr\I cheo hO(icblinh rang non cheo hinh e)
Truy8n d(\ng blinh rang th\Ic hi~n truy8n chuy€n d(\ng quay nha S\I an kh6'p gifra cac
rang tren hai blinh rang, d\Ulg truy8n d(\ng mly dUng d€ thay d6i v~ t6c, momen va chi8u
quay.
Ti s6 truy8n:

i = Z, (Z I, Z2: la dUO'ngkinh cua hai blinh rang) (1.4)
Zj

Tuy theo vi tri luang d6i giiia cac trl,Ic,co cac IO(litruy8n d(\ng blinh rang sau:
- TruOng hgp hai trl,Ic song song, dUng truy8n d(\ng blinh rang trl,I rang thfuIg, rang ".
nghieng ho(ic rang chfr V.
- TruO'ng hgp hal tl'\lC dt nhau, dUng truy8n d(\ng blinh rang con rang thfuIg ho(ic
rang cong
TruOng hgp hai lr\IC cbeo nhau, dung truy8n d(\ng blinh rang lr\I cbeo
Truy8n d(\ng blinh rang con co cac d\Ulg d(ic bi~t khac nhu truy8n d(\ng blinh rang an
kh6'p trong, truy8n d(\ng blinh rang hanh tinh.
Truy8n d(\ng blinh rang dugc dung ph6 bi&n trong cac h(\p s6, h(\p giam t6c, co du

quay, ...

4. TruySn d{lng banh rang - thanh rang:
Truy8n d(\ng blinh rang - thanh rang co diu t(lOg6m Mnh rang va thanh rang.
Truy8n d(\ng blinh rang thanh rang la d\Ulg d(ic bi~t cua truy8n d(\ng blinh rang, dUng
d€ bi&n chuy€n d(\ng quay thanh chuyen d(\ng tinh ti&nho(ic ngugc l(li.

14


Trong may xay d\ll1g, lo~ truy~n dQng nliy dugc lmg dl,ll1gtrong kich thanh rang, co
cdu day tay gau cUa may xuc gau thu~ di~u khi~n bfuIg cap.
5. Truyen dqng xich: (Hinhl-20)
Truy~n dQng xich th\fc hi~n truy~n chuy~n dQng quay gifra hai tn}c song song cach
•

•

xa OOauOOas\fan kh6p gian ti6p gifra cac rang tren hai ilia xich thong qua day xich.
cdu 410 g6m ilia xich chi! dQng, ilia xich hi dQng, day xich.
Ti 56 truy~n:

i = Z2 (Z" Z2: la duang kiOOcua hai ilia xich)

(1.5)

ZI

Xich co cac 101ili:xich 6ng, xich 6ng con Ian, xich rang
~

Hlnhl-20.Cllu tliOtruy~n dQngxich
I. dia xich chu dQng;2. dia xich bi dQng;3. day xich.
ZI. Duimgkinhdia chu dQng;Z2. Duimgkinhdia bi dQng
Trong may xay d\ll1g va cac thi6t bi cong nghi~p con dUng xich tai. Xich tai lam vi~c
vai v~ t6c 000, buac xich Ian, cac m~c xich OOuxich 6ng con Ian hoiiicco d.u tlilodiiicbi~t
d6 phi! hgp vai di~u ki~n lam vi~c OOu: xich di chuy~n cua may keo, bang tai xich, bang
gau, ...
6. Truyin dqng trl}c vit - gai 6c: (Hinhl-21)
a. cau t\lo: G6m vit (hay bu long) I xoay vao gai 6c 2

Hlnh1-21.Cllu tllo Truy~n dQngtf\lCvit - gai bc
1. Tf\lc vit; 2. Gai bc

15


Truyen. dQng tIvc vit - gai 6c co c~u t~o g6m tIvcvit va gal 6c, co sg an kh6'p giii'a
ren tl\lC cua tIvc vit va ren 16 cua gal 6c.
Lo~ truyen dQng nay co thS bit~nchuYSn dQng quay thanh chuYSn dQng tinh ti~n, co
kha nang ~o Igc Ian va t\l' ham, duQ'c Ung d1)llgtrong kich vit, tang dO'.
Tang dO'dan: dUng trong chan Wa cuadn
CO' du nghieng gia cua thi~t bi dong CQC.

tIvc, chan ch6ng cua thiet bi lao dfun c~u,

Tang dO'k!;jp:dUng dieu chinh cac cap neo giii', thanh ch6ng dieu khiSn lum Uf.
a. U"u diSm:
..
- C~u t~o dan giOO,kich thUGCnho.

- Thfulg duQ'c h,rc coo r~t Ian.
- ChuYSn dQng chinh xac, khong rung.
b. Khuyet'd" lem:
- ChuySn dQng r~t ch~;
- KhoOOgcach di chuYSn ngful.
- Ren (gal) chOng mon vi chiu till cao.
e. Phl.lm vi sil dyng:
- DUng trong kich vit dS nang v~t.
- Trong may ti~n (do chinh xac)
- DS cang cap, tang 10 xo.
7. Truy~n d(lng trye vit - banh vit: (Hinhl-22)

Hinhl-22. Cdu t\lO truy8n dQng tr\lc vit - blinh viI:
I. TfIICvit; 2. Blinh vit
d]- Duimg kinh tr\lc vit; d,- Duimg kinh banh vit
Tr\lc dfuJIf\Ic vit; 11-Tr\lc d~n blinh vit
n]- s6 vong quay tfllc vit; n2- s6 vong quay blinh vit

Truyen dQng tr\lc vit - banh vit co c~u t~o g6m tIvc vit va blinh vit, co sg an kh6'p
giiia ren cua tr\lC vit va rang cua blinh vit, dung dS truyen chuySn dQng quay giii'a hai tIvc
cheo nhau trong khong gian.
a. U"U diSm:
- Lam vi~c em, khong 6n.
- Co kha nang tg ham.
- Ty s6 truyen cao (co khi tm 1000) nen r~t chinh xac.

16


- Co dQ chinh xae dQng hQc cao.

b. Khuyit iJiim:
- Hi~u su~t truyen dQng khongcao do rna sat IOn.
- Truyen dQng ch~.
_ Sinh nhi~t nhieu nen phlii co bi~n phlip thoat nhi~t, v~t li~u ch€ ~o banh vit bfulg
kim lol;llmau d~ giam rna sat nen ddt tien.

c. Ph,m vi

Stf

dyng:

- Sir d\ffig trong truOng hqp dao chieu quay.
Chi sir d\l ng cho cong su~t be « 60KW), co ti s6 truyen IOn nen s d\ffig rQng rai
trong cac co c~u phan dQ, co kha nang t\I ham nling t\I ham nen thUG ng sir d\ffig trong cac
co c~u nang, trong cac co c~u xoay ciin trl,Ic ho(ic trong 6 truyen dQng trung uang cua xe
oto.
Ti s6 truyen:

i ;" d2

d,

(dI, dz: la dUOngkinh cuatrl,lc vit va banh vit)

Lol;lltruyen dQng nay co ti s6 truy~n lOn, co kha nang t\I ham, lam vi~c em, hi~u su~t
th~p, cAn dung v~t li~u giam rna sat r~t ddt tien.
Truyen dQng trl,lCvit - banh vit dU<;Jcfulg d\ffig trong paUing xich, kich vit, hQp giam
t6c, tu6c nang may qUl).t,co c~u len day dan, mai hien di dQng,...
Ngoiti cac lol;lltruyen dQng thong d\lng tren, may xay d\ffig con co cac ki~u truyen .

dQng khac nhu truyen dQng cap, truyen dQng banh rang ch6t, co c&u tay quay - thanh
truyen.

1.4.3. Truyen dQng di~n
1. Khlii ni~m
Dung ngu6n di~n lam ngu6n dQng h,rc d~ quay (v~n chuy~n) cac chi ti€t may.

2. Sa dB b8 tri: Xem (Hinhl-23).

Hinhl-23.
1- Bang di~u khi~n: 2- Ngu6n di~n; 3- Bllng di~n; (1,2,3 dUQ"c
gQiIIIm~ng di~n)

4 - DQngCCI di~n ; 5 - Tr\lc truy~n dQng; 6 - N6i lr\Ic ; 7~HQPgillm t6c ;
8-BQph~n cong mc ; 9 - Ham.
3. Nguyen tAc ho,t d{ing chung cua b{i truy@n d{ing di~n: DQng l\Ic tir ngu6n di~n
2 qua bang di~u khien 1 va bang di~n 3 de vllo dQng co di~n 4 tUc III qua ml).llgdi~n, lam
quay trl,IcdQng co. Tir dQng ca, l\Ic duQ'c truyen qua trl,Ic5 r6i tm hQp giam tbc 7 .

17


HQP giam t6c co hie d\lIlg giam t6c dQ quay va tang moment quay tnrac khi t61 bQ
ph~ cong tAc. Til hQp giam t6c dQng l\l'c duQ'c truy€n t61 bQ ph~ cong t8.c oou tm,tl'\ic
may ...
a.Un diim:
- GQn, 001< va OO{lY.
- Co th8 di€u khi€n tir xa.
- Chi phi thAp, ooAUa nm sir d\lng m{lng di~n cong nghi~p.
b. Nhuq'c diim:

- Khong em vi may bi gi~t do t6c dQ Ian.
- Doi hOi trioo dQ thao tAc thAnh th{lOcua ngum sir d\lng .
- Doi hOi ddy du cac thi€t bi an toan.
c. Ph\lm vi sil dl}ng:
- DiJng trong cac IO{limay nang, may C(J khi.
- Lam chuy8n dQng cac lo{lixe khach, may v~ chuy8n.
- Ap d\lIlg cho cac thi€t bi di~n: QU{lt,may trQn ...
1.4.4. Truyen dQng thuy

hIe

Truy€n dQng thuy l\l'c truy€n chuy8n dQng OObap suAt ho(l.cdQng nang cua dong chAt
long.
Truy€n dQng thuy l\l'c duQ'c chia lam hai lo{li, truy€n dQng thuy dQng va truy€n dQng
thuy tiOO.
D6i v61 truy€n dQng thuy dQng, dong chAt long co ap scit thAp va v~ t6c cao. D\lllg
truy€n dQng nay duQ'c dung trQng ly hQ'Pthuy I\l'Cva bi€n t6c thuy l\l'c.
D6i vai truy€n dQng thuy tiOO, dong chAt long co ap suAt cao, v~ t6c 000. D\lllg
truy€n dQng nay duQ'c sir d\lng rAt ph6 bi€n trong may xay d\l'llg, OOu h~ th6ng nang h{l
thung xe tlii t\I'd6, nang h{lben ui, lum san, ...

0)

'eJ

7

Hinh 1.24. Sa db du t~ocac lo~ibam tbUyl\fc
a) Bam banh rang; b) Bam pittong hu6ng trvc; Bam canh qu~t
1,2. banh rang; 3. VObam; 4. pittong; 5. tay bien; 6. mam nghieng;

7. khoang phiin ph6i;

18