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Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Architecture [4]
Centralized
architecture
Decentralized
architecture
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Architecture [5]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [1]
Communication protocols are necessary as
communication interfaces between the elements that
consist the systems (sensors, actuators, controllers,
etc.)
Information should be transferred and delivered in a
certain way that is defined by the communication
protocol
The compatibility of each element of the BEM system
with the communication protocol is an essential
parameter when structuring the system
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [2]
Network topologies determine the way the Operator
Workstation (OWS) is connected with the various
equipment:
Point-to-Point: The simplest approach where the OWS is directly
connected with an outstation
Star: Like Point-to-Point but more than one units are connected to
OWS
Bus: The various units communicate independently between them and
the OWS. The extension of the network is simple
Ring: Information is transferred around the ring only in one direction.
Each unit recognizes if the information is of its own concern, otherwise
information bypasses the unit (token-passing protocol)
Tree or Hierarchical: Units communicate through a tree topology
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [3]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [4]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [5]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [6]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Communication [7]
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Measurement
of solar radiation
Temperature sensors
Humidity sensors
Measurement of wind velocity and direction
Flow metering sensors
Air pollutants measurement sensors (CO, CO2)
Presence/Occupancy
sensors
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Pyranometer
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Water Temperature
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Air Temperature in a duct
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Indoor Temperature and Humidity
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Wind Velocity and Direction
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Heat Flow Sensor
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
CO2 Sensor
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Sensors
Presence/Occupancy Sensor
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators
The selection of an actuator should be based on 2 main criteria:
Control strategy
The type of equipment that will be controlled
Reliability: the power of the actuator should respond to real
operational conditions (e.g. wind pressure on shading devices)
Time respond: Should be small especially in security systems
control or error handling
In case of malfunction same control equipment should be return
to a security position
Other criteria: accuracy, compatibility with the network, life time,
maintenance, calibration, etc.
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators
Damper Actuator
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators
Ceiling Fan
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators
Triode Valves
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators – Shading devices
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators – Shading devices
Intelligent Buildings Technology
BEM Systems – Actuators – Ventilation
