đồ án tính toán động cơ đốt trong

1g1 1t1r1ò1n1 1b1á1n1 1k1í1n1h1 1R1 1t1¡-o1 1v1Û-i1 1t1r1å-c1
1N1H1¬-N1 1X1É1T1 1C1æ-A1 1G1I1Á1O1 1V1I1Ê1N1 1H1¯ Ú-N1G1 1D1ª-N1

1
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1& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
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1
1

1

1g1ó1c1 1± 1 ¿-n1 1 ° Ý-n1g1 1c1o1n1g1 1a1,1b1,1c1& .1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ó-


1t1h1Ë- 1n1à1y1 1b1i1Ã-u1 1d1i1Å-n1 1q1u1a1n1 1h1Ç- 1v1 1=1 1f1(1±)1 1

1N1H1¬-N1 1X1É1T1 1C1æ-A1 1G1I1Á1O1 1V1I1Ê1N1 1P1H1¢-N1 1B1I1Æ-N1
1& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
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Í-a1 1 Ù- 1 Ù-c1 1c1ñ-c1 1
1111111
11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


2t2h2ậ- 2n22y2 2b2i2-u2 2d2i2-n2 2q2u2a2n2 2h2ầ- 2v2 2=2 2f2(2)2 2
2
222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222
222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222L2ĩ-I2 2N2ể2I2 2
Ư-U2
2T2r2o2n2g2 2t2h2í-i2 2 Ă-i2 2 Ơ-t2 2n2 -c2 2 a2n2g2 2t2r2ờ2n2

2c2o2n2 2 í-n2g2 2C2N2H2 2 2H2 H2,2 2t2ở-n2g2 2b2 -c2 2p2h2ỏ2t2
2t2r2i2-n2 2 Ơ-t2 2n2 -c2.2 2T2r2o2n2g2 2x2u2 2t2h2- 2c2ỗ-a2
2t2h2í-i2 2 Ă-i2 2k2h2o2a2 2h2-c2 2k2ự- 2t2h2u2-t2 2c2ỗ-a2 2t2h22g2i2-i2 2n2g22y2 2m2-t2 2p2h2ỏ2t2 2t2r2i2-n2 2c2a2o2.2 2 2h2ũ2a2 2c2h2u2n2g2 2v2-i2 2s2ủ- 2p2h2ỏ2t2 2t2r2i2-n2 2 ú2 2 Ơ-t2 2n2

-c2 2t2a2 2 ó2 2c2ú2 2c2h2ỗ- 2t2r2 Ă n2g2 2p2h2ỏ2t2 2t2r2i2-n2 2m2-t2
2s2ẹ- 2n2g22n2h2

2c2ụ2n2g2

2n2g2h2i2ầ-p2 2m2i

i2

2n2h2-n2,2

2t2r2o2n2g2 2 ú2 2c2ú2 2n2g22n2h2 2C2Ă 2K2h2ớ2 2 2 -n2g2 2L2ủ-c2.2 2
- 2t2h2 c2 2h2i2ầ-n2 2 ó-c2 2c2h2ỗ- 2t2r2 Ă n2g2 2 ú2 2 ũ2i2 2h2ẽ-i2 2
Ơ-t2 2n2 -c2 2c2Đ-n2 2p2h2Ê-i2 2c2ú2 2m2-t2 2 -i2 2n2g2i 2c2ỏ2n2
2b2- 2c2ụ2n2g2 2n2h2õ2n2 2k2ự- 2t2h2u2-t2 2c2ú2 2t2r2ỡ2n2h2 2 - 2v22
2t2a2y2

2n2g2h22

2c2a2o2

2

2H2i2-u2 2r2ừ2 2 i2-u2 2 ú2 2t2r2 í-n2g2 2 H2S2P2K2T2
2V2i2n2h2

2k2h2ụ2n2g2

2n2g2ở-n2g2

2p2h2ỏ2t2

2t2r2i2-n2

2v22

2n2õ2n2g2 2c2a2o2 2c2h2Ơ-t2 2l2 ó-n2g2 2 2o2 2t2Ă-o2 2 -i2 2n2g2i
2c2ỏ2n2 2b2-,2 2c2ụ2n2g2 2n2h2õ2n2 2c2ú2 2t2a2y2 2n2g2h2- 2v22
2t2r2ỡ2n2h2 2 - 2c2a2o2 2m22 2c2ũ2n2 2 2o2 2t2Ă-o2 2v2-i2 2s2ẹ- 2l2
ó-n2g2 2 ụ2n2g2 2 Ê-o2 2 ỏ2p2 2ộ-n2g2 2n2h2u2 2c2Đ-u2 2n2g2u2ể-n2
2n2h2õ2n2 2l2ủ-c2 2c2h2o2 2 Ơ-t2 2n2 -c2.2
2K2h2i2 2 a2n2g2 2c2ũ2n2 2l22 2m2-t2 2s2i2n2h2 2v2i2ờ2n2
2t2r2o2n2g2 2t2r2 í-n2g2 2c2h2ỳ2n2g2 2e2m2 2 ó-c2 2p2h2õ2n2
2c2ụ2n2g2 2t2h2ủ-c2 2h2i2ầ-n2 2 ể- 2ỏ2n2 2 T2ớ2n2h2 2t2o2ỏ2n2 2 2k2-t2
2c2Ơ-u2 2 -n2g2 2c2Ă 2 ẹ-t2 2t2r2o2n2g2 .2 2 õ2y2 2l22 2m2-t2 2
i2-u2 2k2i2ầ-n2 2r2Ơ-t2 2t2ẹ-t2 2c2h2o2 2c2h2ỳ2n2g2 2e2m2 2c2ú2 2c2Ă
-a2 2 - 2 -c2 2c2ủ-c2 2
2222222
22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2


3t3h3ậ- 3n33y3 3b3i3-u3 3d3i3-n3 3q3u3a3n3 3h3ầ- 3v3 3=3 3f3(3)3 3
3h3-i3 3x3õ3u3 3c3h3u3ì-i3 3k3i3-n3 3t3h3ộ-ch3g3,3 3b3 -c3v33o3
3t3h3ủ-c3 3t3- 3s3Ê-n3 3x3u3Ơ-t3,3 3l33m3 3q3u3e3n3 3v3-i3 3c3ụ3n3g3
3v3i3ầ-c3 3t3ớ3n3h3 3t3o3ỏ3n3 3t3h3i3-t3 3k3- 3ụ3 3t3ụ3.3
3T3r3o3n3g3 3q3u3ỏ3 3t3r3 n3h3 3t3ớ3n3h3 3t3o3ỏ3n3 3c3h3ỳ3n3g3
3e3m3 3 ó3 3 ó-c3 3s3ủ- 3q3u3a3n3 3t3õ3ủ- 3g3i3ỳ3p3 3 ỏ- 3n3h3i3ầ-t3
3t3ỡ3n3h3 3c3ỗ-a3 3g3i3ỏ3o3 3v3i3ờ3n3 3h3 -n3g3 3d3ô-n3 3v33 3c3ỏ3c3
3t3h3Đ-y3 3c3ụ3 3g3i3ỏ3o3 3t3r3o3n3g3 3 -v3-y3 3n3h3- 3t3r3ỏ3n3h3
3n3h3ù-n3g3 3h3Ă-n3 3c3h3-,3 3t3h3i3-u3 3s3ú3t3 3t3r3o3n3g3 3q3u3ỏ3

3t3r3ỡ3n3h3 3t3ớ3n3h3 3t3o3ỏ3n3.3
3 - 3h3o33n3 3t3h33n3h3 3t3ẹ-t3,3 3k3h3-c3 3p3h3ồ-c3 3 ó-c3
3n3h3ù-n3g3 3h3Ă-n3 3c3h3- 3v33 3t3h3i3-u3 3s3ú3t3 3 ú3 3c3h3ỳ3n3g3
3e3m3 3r3Ơ-t3 3m3o3n3g3 3 ó-c3 3s3ủ- 3 ú3n3g3 3g3ú3p3 3ý3 3k3i3-n3,3
3s3ủ- 3g3i3ỳ3p3 3 ỏ- 3c3ỗ-a3 3c3ỏ3c3 3t3h3Đ-y3 3c3ụ3 3g3i3ỏ3o3 3v33
3c3ỏ3c3 3b3Ă-n3 3 - 3s3a3u3 3n33y3 3r3a3 3t3r3 í-n3g3 3b3-t3 3t3a3y3
3v33o3 3c3ụ3n3g3 3v3i3ầ-c3,3 3t3r3o3n3g3 3q3u3ỏ3 3t3r3ỡ3n3h3 3c3ụ3n3g3
3t3ỏ3c3 3c3h3ỳ3n3g3 3e3m3 3h3o33n3 3t3h33n3h3 3c3ụ3n3g3 3v3i3ầ-c3
3m3-t3 3c3ỏ3c3h3 3t3ẹ-t3 3n3h3Ơ-t3.3 3 3 3
3

3

3
333333333333333333333333333333333333333

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3V3i3n3h3,3n3g33y3 32383
3t3h3ỏ3n3g3 30333 3n3 m323031353
3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
3333333333333333333333333333333333333333
3S3i3n3h3 3v3i3ờ3n3 3t3h3ủ-c3 3h3i3ầ-n3:3
3

3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Nn3 3A3n3h3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3P3H3Ư-N3 3I3 3:3T33N3H3 3T3O33N3 3C3H3U3 3T3R3è3N3H3

-a3 3 - 3 -c3 3c3ủ-c3 3
3333333
33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3


4t4h4ậ- 4n44y4 4b4i4-u4 4d4i4-n4 4q4u4a4n4 4h4ầ- 4v4 4=4 4f4(4)4 4
4C4ễ4N4G4 4T44C4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

4T4R4O4N4G4 4 4 ỉ-N4G4 4C4 4 é-T4 4T4R4O4N4G4
4I4 4.4 4T4r4ỡ4n4h4 4t4ủ- 4t4ớ4n4h4 4t4o4ỏ4ni4ầ-u4 4b4a4n4 4 Đ-u4 4:4
4 g4 4c4Ă :4I4 4F4A4 4W45404 4 -n4g4 4c4Ă 4d4i4e4s4e4l4 414
4h44n4g4 4k4h4ụ4n4g4 4tể-n4g4 4c4h4ỏ4y4 4 4h4ỡ4n4h4 4c4Đ-u4
4t4r4ờ4n4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 414-4 4C4ụ4n4g4 4s4u4Ơ-t4 44Ă 4N4e4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4N 4l4ủ-c4)4=4 48424.40464 4 4k4W4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 424-4 4S4ẹ- 4v4ũ4n4g4 4q4u4a4y4 4c4ỗ-4ữ-u4 4n4 4 4 4 4 4 4n4
4=424240404(4v4g4/4p4h4)4
4 4 4 4-n4g4 4k4ớ4n4h4 4x4i4 4l4a4n4h4 4D4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4D4 4=4142404
4(4m4m4)4
4 4 4 4 4 44t4r4ỡ4n4h4 4p4i4t4o4n4 4S4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4S4 4
4=4144454 4(4m4m4)4
4D4u4n4g4 4t4ớ4c4h4 4c4ụ:4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4V4h4 4 4=4 4
44e4q4
4\4s4\4d444e4q4
4\4l4(4\4o4\4a44,444)4)444
4E4M4B4E4D4
4E4q4u4a4t4i4o4n4.4D4S
414.464349414
4(4l4)44

4E4M4B4E4D4
4E4q4u4a44 4 44 44
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 464-4 4S4ẹ- 4x4i4 4l4a4n4h4 4i4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4i4 4=4 444
4 4 4- 4s4ẹ- 4n4ộ4n4 4à 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4à
4=4 41484.474
4 4 4 4 4 44ủ- 4l44m4 4v4i4ầ-c4 44h4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4(414-434-444424)44 4S4u4Ơ-t4 4t4i4ờ4u4 4h4a4o4 4n4h4i4ờ4n4 4l4i4ầ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44
4E4M4B4E4D4 4E4q4u4a4t4i4o4n4.4D4S4M4T444 4 44 ge 44 4=4148434
4(4g4/4m4l4.4h4)4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41404-4 4G4ú4c4 4m4ò- 4s4-m4 4v44 4 ú4n4g4 4m4u4-n4
4c4ỗ-a4 4x4u4p4ỏ4p4 4n4Ă-p4 414;424 414=484(4 -)4;424 4= 4 4 4 4 414144 4G4ú4c4 4m4ò- 4s4-m4 4v44 4 ú4n4g4 4m4u4-n4 4c4ỗ-aÊ-i44
4E4M4B4E4D4
4E4M4B4E4D4

4E4q4u4a4t4i4o4n4.4D4S4M4T444

4

4E4q4u4a4t4i4o4n4.4D4S4M44(4

44 1 , 2 44;44

4E4M4B4E4D44D4S4M4T444 4 44 2 44=484 4(44 4 4 4 g4 4

-)4;44
41454-4

4G4ú4c4 4 ỏ4n4h4 4l4ớ-a4 4s4-m4 4
414.424.4 4C4ỏ4c4 4t4h4ụ4n4g4 4s4ẹ- 4c4Đ-n4 4c4h4-n4 4:4
414.4 44p4 4s4u4Ơ-t4:4p4k4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44p4 4s4u4Ơ-tn4g4 4p4k4 4l44 4ỏ4p4 4s4u4Ơ-t4 4k4h4ớ4
-c4 4k4h4i4 4n4Ă-p4 4v44o4 4 ụ4n4g4 4c4Ă 4(4v4-i4 4 ụ4n4g4 4c4Ă 4
4k4h4ụp4 - 4m4ụ4i4 4t4r4 í-n4g4 4 ó-c4 4c4h4-n4i4ầ-t4 4 - 4b4ỡ4n4h4
4q4u4õ4n4 4c4ỗ-a4 4c4Ê- 4n4 m44 4 4 4V4ỡ4 4 õ4y4 4l44 h4ụn4ờn4g4 4:4
-a4 4 - 4 -c4 4c4ủ-c4 4
4444444
44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4


5t5h5ậ- 5n55y5 5b5i5-u5 5d5i5-n5 5q5u5a5n5 5h5ầ- 5v5 5=5 5f5(5)5 5
Ă-i5 5 ụ5n5g5 5c5Ă 5,5t5ớ5n5h5 5n5 n5g5 5t5ẹ-c5 5 - 55Ê5 5n5Ă-p5
5,5t5i5-t5 5d5i5ầ-n55& 5V5ỡ5 5v5-y5 5c5Đ-n5 5x5eg5 5c5Ă 5 a5n5g5
5t5ớ5n5h5 5t5h5u5-c5 5n5h5ú5m5 5n55o5 5 5 5 5t5h5Ê-i5 5P55e5q5
5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55:5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55p5 5sh5Êl5(5\5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55p5 5s5u5Ơ-t5 5k5h5ớt5h55p5h5Ă-m5 5v5i5 5:5 5p55e5q5
5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55=5 505,51515 5 5 5(5M5P5a5)55 5 5 5 5 555
5)5M5ộ-c5 5 - 5s5Ơ-y5 5n5ú5n5g5 5c5ỗ-a5 5m5ụ5i
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5M5ộ-c5 55g5 5ỗ- 5 5ò- 5b5ờ5n5 5n5g5o55i5 5h5a5y5
5b5ờ5n5 5t5r5o5n5g5 5x5y5 5l5a5n5h5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5V5ỡ5 5 õ5y5 5l55 5 /5c55n5 5 5k5h5ớ5 5s5ú5t5 5(5k5h5ớ5
5t5h5Ê-i5)5 5T55e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5N5h5i5ầ-t5 5 - 5k5h5ớ5 5s5ú5t5 5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55 5p5h5ồ5t5h5u5-c5 5v55o5 5c5h5ỗ-n5g5 5l5o5Ă-i5 5 ụ5n5g5 5c5Ă .5N5-u5 5q5
5t5r5ỡ5n5h5 5g5 5N5h5i5ầ-t5 5 - 5T55e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55
5c55n5g5 5t5h5Ơ-p5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5T5h5ụ5n5g5 5t5h5 í-n5g5 5t5a5 5c5ú5 5t5h5- 5c5h5-n5
5:5 5T55e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5r5)5)55 5=5751505 55K5
5 5 5 5i5ờ5\5a5c5(5 5,5t5)5)55 5:5
5ẹ- 5h5i5ầ-u5 5 ậ-n5h5 5t5ữ- 5n5h5i5ầ-t5 5 5ằ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5
5

,5t5)5)55 5 ó-c5 5c5h5-n5 5t5h5e5o5 5h5ầ- 5s5ẹ- 5d5 5l5 ó-n5
5.5T5h5ụ5n5g5 5t5h5 í-n5g5 5c5ú5 5t5h5-5 5t5h5157515155
5

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5ị- 5 õ5y5 5te5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\55=5 515,515
5 5 5 5 5 585 5)5H5ầ- 5s5ẹ- 5q5u5ộ5tỏ5y5 5ằ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5
5
,525)5)55 5:5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5V5ỡ5 5 õ5y5 5l55 5 -n5g5 5c5Ă 5k5h5ụ5n5g5 5t5 n5g5
5ỏ5p5 5n5ờ5n5 5t5a5 5c5h5-n5 5 5ằ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,525)5)55
5=)5H5ầ- 5s5ẹ- 5n5Ă-p5 5t5h5ờ5m5 5ằ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,515)5)55 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5H5ầ- 5s5ẹ- 5n5Ăe5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,515)5)55 5c5h5ỗ5y5-u5 5v55o5 5p5h5a5 5p5h5ẹ-i5 5k5h5ớ5 5.5T5h5ụ5nt5a5 5 ó-i5
5d5ồ-n5g5 5n5h5i5ầ-t5 5t5Ă-i5 5 i5-m5 5z\5o5\5a5c55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5H5ầ5s5ẹ- 5l5ó-i5 5d5ồ-n5g5 5n5h5i5ầ-t55z5 5ắ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5
5
,5z5)5)55 5p5h5ồ- 5t5h5u5-c5 5v55o5 5c5h5u5 5t5r5ỡ5n5h5 5c5ụ5n5g5
5t5ỏ5c5 55Ă 5.5 5V5-i5 5 õ5y5 5l55 5 /5c5 5 i5e5z5e5n5 5n5ờ5n5 5t5a5
5c5h5-n5 5 5ắ\5a5c5(5 5,5z5)5)55=505,57595
5 5 5 5 51515 5)5H5ầ- 5s5ẹ- 5l5ó-i5 5d5ồ-n5g5 5n5h5i5ầ-t5 5t5Ă-i5 5
i5-m5 5b5 5ắ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,55 5 5 5ó-i5t5Ă-i5 5 i5-m5 5b5
5ắ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\555 5t5ự5yo5 5l5o5Ă-i5 5 -n5g5 5c5Ă 5x5 n5g5 5h5a5y5
5l55 5 -n5g5 5c5Ă 5 i55 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5b5)5)55 5b5a5o5 l5-n5
5h5Ă n5 5ắ5e5q5 5\5l5(5\5o5\5a5c5(5 5,5z5)55 5 5lắ5e5q5 5)5)55=505,595 5 5
-a5 5 - 5 -c5 5c5ủ-c5 5
5555555
55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5


6t6h6ậ- 6n66y6 6b6i6-u6 6d6i6-n6 6q6u6a6n6 6h6ầ- 6v6 6=6 6f6(6)6 6
6
6 6 6 6 61626 6)6H6ầ- 6s6ẹ- 6h6i6ầ-u66t6h6ậ- 6c6ụ6n6g6 6ặ6e6q6

6\6l6(6\)66 6:6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6T6h6- 6h6i6ầ-n6 6s6ủ- 66h6in6 n6g6 6t6ỏ6c 6v6-i6
6c6h6u6 6t6r6ỡ6n6h6 6c6ụ6n6g6 6t6ỏ6c6 6t6h6ủ-c6 6t6- 6.6S6ủ- g6i6ớ-a6
6c6h6u6 6t6r6ỡ6n6h6 6t6h6ủ-c6 6t6- 6v6-i6 6ct6ớ6n6h6 6t6o6ỏ6n6 6c6ỗ-a6 6
-n6g6 6c6Ăh6Ă 6 66v6ỡẹ6a6c6(6 6,6d6)6)66 6c6ỗ-a6 6 /6c6h6ầ- 6s6ẹ6l6-n6.6N6h6 n6g6 6 õ6y6 6l66 6 /6c6 6x6 n6g6 6n6ờ6n6 6t6a6
66\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6d6)6)66 6=606,69676
6I6I6 66n6 6c6ỏ6c6 6q6u6ỏ6 6t6r6ỡ6n6h6 6c6ụ6n6g6 6t6ỏ6c6 66h6 H6ầ- 6
6:6
6 66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6r6)6)66 6 ó-c6 6t6ớ6n6h6 6t6h6e6o6
6c6ụ6n6g6 6t6h6ộ-c6 6:6
66e6q6 6\6l6(6\)66=o6n6l66 06(6,6T66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6
6
,6k6)6)66+6"T6)6)6\6a6c6(6 6,6r6)6)66)s6\6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6r6)6)
(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6a6)6)66)6)66 6.6 66e6q6 6\6s6\6d6o6n616(6\6f6(616,66e6q6
6\6l6(6\6l6(6à.6ằ6e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,616)6)66-6ằ6e6q6
6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6t6)6)66.6ằ6e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,626)6)66.6(66e6q6
6\6s6\6d6o6n616(6\6f6(6p66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6r6)6)66,6p66e6q6
6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6a6)6)66)6)66)66e6q6 6 6
6\6o6(6\6a6\6a6c6\6v6s626(66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6l6(6(66e6q6
6\6s6\6d6o6n616(6\6f6(616,6m6)6)66)6)6)66,6 6)6)66)6)66)6)66
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6T6r6o6n6g6 6 ú6 6m6 6l66 6c6h6ẫ- 6s6ẹ- 6g6i6ó6n6 6n6ò- 6
a6 6b6i6-n6 6t6r6u6n6g6 6b6ỡ6n6h6 6c6ỗ-a6 6k6h6ớ6 6s6ú6t6 6m6
6=616,64656ữ616,656
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6C6h6-n6 6 6m6 6 6=616,64656
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6E6M6B6E6D6 6E6q6u6a6t6i6o6n6.6D6S6M6T646 6 66
r =

1.(297 + 20) 0,11
.
.

710
0, 09

1
1

0,11 1,45
18, 7.1, 02 1,1.1.(
)
0, 09

= 0, 0306

6

6
6 6 6 6 626 6)6N6h6i6ầ-t6 6 - 6c6u6ẹ-i6 6q6u6ỏ6 6t6r6ỡ6n6h6 6n6Ă-p6
6T66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6a6)6)66 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6N6h6i6ầ-t6 6 - 6c6u6ẹ-i6 6q6u6ỏ6 6t6r6ỡ6 6n6g6 6 6 6 6 6
6666666666666
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6T66e6q6 6\6l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6 6,6a6)6)66=6
66e6q6
6\6b6\6b6cv6s606(6,66e6q6
6\6s6\6d6o6n616(6\b6c6\6(6"T66l6(6\6o6\6a6c6(6
6
,6t\6l6,6r6)6(6(6\6a6\6a6c6\6v6s606(6,66e(6\6f6(6c6(66)666e6q6
6
6
6\6o6(6\6a6\6a6c6\6v66b6c6\6(6(6\6a6\6a6c6\6v6s606(6,66e6q66f6(6m6616,6m6)6)66)6)66,6 6)6)66,616+666c66)6)66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6u6a6t6i6o6n6.6D6S6M6T646

6
66
-a6 6 - 6 -c6 6c6ủ-c6 6
6666666
66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6


7t7h7Ë- 7n7à7y7 7b7i7Ã-u7 7d7i7Å-n7 7q7u7a7n7 7h7Ç- 7v7 7=7 7f7(7±)7 7
1,45−1

(297 + 20) + 1,1.0, 0306.710.(
Ta =

1 + 0, 0306

0, 09 1,45
)
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= 329, 4

777777777777777777
7

77777
7 7 7 7 7 737 7)7H7Ç- 7s7Ñ- 7n7¡-p7 7·7e7q7 7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7 7,7v7)7)77 7
7:7
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7.7

77e7q7
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7
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7\7s7\7d7o7n717(7\7f7(7P77e7q7 7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7 7,7a7)7)77,7P77e7q7
7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7.7
77e7q7
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7
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7\7b7\7\7v7s707(7,77e7q7
7\7s7\7d7o7n717(7\7f7(7P77e7q7 7\7l7(7\7o7\7P77e7q7 7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7
7
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7\7b7\7\7v7s707(7,77e7q7
7\7s7\7d7o7n717(7\7f7(717,7m7)7)77)7)77,7 7)7)77)7)77 7
777777777777777777777777777777777
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7·7e7q 7 77
1
1
297.0, 09 
0,11 1,45 
.
. 18, 7.1, 02 − 1,1.1.(
)  = 0,8485
18, 7 − 1 (297 + 20).0,1 
0, 09


7
7
7 7 7 7 7 747 7)7L7° ã-n7g7 7k7h7í7 7n7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7 7,717)7)77 7:7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7L7° ã-n7g7 7k7h7í7 7n7¡-p7 7m7Û-i7 7M77e7q7
7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7 7,717)7)77 7 ° ã-c7 7x7á7c7 7 Ë-n7h7 7t7h7ec7 7s7a7u7 7:7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7
7
7
,717)7)777d7o7n777e7q7
7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7
,7e7)7)77
7=7
7
n717(7\7f7(73707.7N77e7q7
7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7
,7e7)7)77.7Ä,7V77e7q7
7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c77i
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7V7-y7 7:7 7 7 7 7 7(7 7,717)7)77 7=7 7 7 77 7E7M7B7E7D7
432.103.0,1.0,8485
= 0,9879
7E7q7u7a7t7i7o7n7.7D7S7M7T747 7 77 183.0, 6827.297
7i7 ã-n7g7

7
-t7 7c7§-n7 7 Ã- 7 Ñ-t7 7c7h7á7y7 717k7g7 7n7h7i7ê7nq7 7\7l7(7\7o77 7:7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7L7° ã-n7g7 7k7k7 7l7ý7 7t7h7u7y7¿-t7 7c7§-n7 7 Ã- 7 Ñ-7
7n7h7i7ê7n7 7l7i7Ç-u7 7M77e7q7 7\7l7(7\7o7\7a7c7(7 77 7t7í7n7h7 7t7h7e7o7
7c7ô7n7g77
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7.7
77e7q7
7\7b7\7b7c7\7(7(7\7a7\7a7c7\7v7s707(7,n717(7\7f7(7C7,71727)7)77+77e7q7
7\7s7\7d77)7)77-77e7q7 7\7s7\7d7o7n717(7\7f7(7O7,73727)7)77)m7o7ê7z7Í-n7
7C7=707,78777 7;7 7H7=707,7172767 7;7O7=707,707 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
7M77e7q7 7,7o 7 7k7m7o7l7/7k7g7)7 7 7n7h7i7ê7n7 7Ç- 7s7Ñ- 7d7° 7l7°
Í-a7 7 Ù- 7 Ù-c7 7c7ñ-c7 7
7777777
77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7


8t8h8ậ- 8n88y8 8b8i8-u8 8d8i8-n8 8q8u8a8n8 8h8ầ- 8v8 8=8 8f8(8)8 8
ó-n8g8 8k8h8ụ8n8g8 8k8h8ớ8 8
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8V8ỡ8 8 õ8y8 8l88 8 -n8g8 8c8Ă 8 i8ờ8z8e8n8 8n 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8=E8q8u8a8t8i8o8n8.8D8S8M8T848
M1
= 1,9925
8 88 M o
8

8
828o8ỏ8n 8 8 8m8o8l8 8 -n8g8 8t8ớ8c8h8 8t8r8u8n8g8 8b8ỡ8n8h8 8c8ỗ-aớ8
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8
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8=8
81898,8880868+808,80808280898.8T8(8k8J8/8k8m8o8l8.8 -)8

8 8=8 81898,8880868+808,80808280898.88=828(8k88
8 8 8 8 8 8 828 8)8T8ẫ- 8n8h8i8ầ-t8 8m8o8l8 8 -n8g8 8t8ớ8c8h8
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8 8 8 8 8 8 838 8)8T8ẫ- 8 -n8g8 8t8ớ8c8h8 8t8r8u8n8g8 8b8ỡ8n8h8
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8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 88e8q8 8 8 8\8l8(8\8o8\8a8c8(8\8a8\8v8s88'88e8q8
8\8l8)8)88)8)88 8 8=8 8 8 88e8q8 8\8s8\8d8o8n818(8\8f8(88e8q8 8 8
8\8l8(8\s838(8à
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8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8T8h8a8y8 8s8ẹ- 8v88o8 8t8a8 8c8ú8 8:8 8a8'88e8q8
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8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8C8h8ẫ- 8 8t8h8Ơ-u8 8v88 8t8h8o8n8g8 8s8ẹ- 8v8-n8
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8g8i8Ê-i8 8p8h8 Ă n8g8 8t8r8ỡ8n8h8 8s8a8u8 8:8
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8c8(8 8 8818((8\88,88o88+88e8q8
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8888888
88 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8


9t9h9ậ- 9n99y9 9b9i9-u9 9d9i9-n9 9q9u9a9n9 9h9ầ- 9v9 9=9 9f9(9)9 9
9x9ỏ9c9 9 ậ-n9h9 9 ó-c9 9n99e9q9 9\9l9(9\9o9\9a9c9(9 9,919)9)99 9t9a9
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9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9R9Ơ-t9 9h9i9-m9 9t9r9 -t9 Ê-n9g19,9u9y9ờ9n9 9L9ý9 9-t9
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9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9n99e9q9 9\9l9(9\9o9\9a9c9(9 9,919)9)99-919 9=9 9 99

9E9M9B9En9.9D9S9M9T949 9 999D9 9c9 9g9i9ỏ9 9t9r9ậ- 99l9()9 9
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9
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9

9 9 9 9 9 969 9)9N9h9i9ầ-t9 9 - 9c9u9ẹ-i9 9q9u9ỏ9 9t9r9ỡ9n9h9 9n9ộ9n9
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9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9N9h9i9ầ-t9 9 - 9c9u9ẹ-i9 9q9u9ỏ9 9t9r9ỡ9n9h9 9n9ộ9n9
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9)9)99 9=9 9392999,949.9 99 9E9M9B9E9D9 9E99M9 9)9Lc9h99e9q9 99,9c
9 ỏ9c9 9 ậ-n9h9 9

9\9l9(9\9o9\9a9c9(9 9,9c9)9)99 9=9 M99e9q9
9\9l9(9\9o9\9a9c9(9 9,9r9)9)\9l9(99)99.9u9a99 9 929 9ú9 ậ-n9hg9 99 9=9
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9 9=9 99e9q9 9\9s9\9d9o9n919(9\9f9(9M99e9q9 9\9l9(9\9o9\9a9c9(9
9
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9
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10h10Ç- 10v10 10=10 10f10(10±)10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

10²10e10q10 10\10l10(10\10o 10=10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10210 10)10H10Ç- 10s10Ñ10t10h10a10y10 10 Õ-i10 10p10h10â10n10 10t10° 10t10h10° c10 10t10¿10²:10 10(10 10D10o10 10c10ó10 10k10h10í10 10s10ó10t10 10)10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10- 10s10Ñ- 10t10h10a10y10 10 Õ-i10 10p10h10â10n10
10t10í- 10t10h10ñ-c10 10t10¿- 10² 10 ° 10h10 10t10h10e10o10
10c10ô10n10g10 10t10h10é-c10 10:10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10e1010\1010o10\+10³10u10a10t10i10o10n10.10
10E10M10B10E10D10
r
10E10q10u10a10t10i10o10n10.10310 10 1010 1010)10)1010 10 10=10 10 1010
10E10M10B10E10D10 10E10q10u10a10t10i10o10n10.10D10S10M10T10410
1, 0320 + 0, 0306
= 1, 0310
10 1010 1 + 0, 0306

10 10h10a10í- 10t10i10Ã-m10 10z10 10 10
10
10²10e10q10 10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10 10,10z10)10)1010 10 10:10
10(10D10o10 10c10h10á10y10 10c10h10° a10 10h10¿-t10 10)10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10T10a10 10c10ó10 10h10Ç- 10s10Ñ10t10h10a10y10 10 Õ-i10 10p10h10â10n10 10t10° 10t10h10ñ-c10 10t10¿10t10¡-i10 10 i10Ã-m10 10z10 10²10e10q10 10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
10
,10z10)10)1010 10 ° ã-c10 10x10á10c10 10 Ë-n10h10 10t10h10e10o10
10c10ô10n10g10

10t10h10é-c10
10:10
10
10
10²10e10q10
10
10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
,10z10)10)1010 10=10 10110 10+10
1010e10q10
10\10s10\10d10o10n10110(10\10f10(10²10e10q10
10
10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
,10010)10)1010-10110,10110+10³10
10E10M10B10E10D10
10E10q10u1010)10)1010
10.10
10Ç10e10q10
10z10)10)1010 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10T10r10o10n10g10 10 ó10 10 10Ç10e10q10
10
10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
,10z10)10)1010
10=10
1010e10q1010f10(10¾10e10q10
10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
10
,10z10)10)1010,10¾10e10q10
10\10l10(10\10o10\10a10c10(10
10
,10b10)10)1010)10)1010 10 10=10 10 10 1010 10E10M10B10E10D10

10E10q10u10a10t10i10o10n10.10D10S10M10T10410

10

0, 79
= 0,8778
0,9
1010

Í-a10 10 Ù- 10 Ù-c10 10c10ñ-c10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
1010 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10


11t11h11Ë- 11n11à11y11 11b11i11Ã-u11 11d11i11Å-n11 11q11u11a11n11
11h11Ç- 11v11 11=11 11f11(11±)11 11
11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11=11>11 11:11 11 11
11²11e11q11 11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11 11,11z11)11)1111 11=11 11111
11+11
1111e11q11
11\11s11\11d11o11n11111(11\11f11(11²11e11q11
11
11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11
,11011)11)1111-11111,11111+11³11
11E11M11B11E11D11
11E11q11u11a11t11i11o11n11.11311
11
1111 r
11

11)11)1111 11.11 11Ç11e11q11 11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11 ,11z11)11)1111
11=11111,11011211711311
11 11 11 11 11 11411 11)11L11° ã-n1111c11h11á11y11 11M1111e11q11
11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11 11,11211)11)1111 11 11:11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11T11a11 11c11ó11 11l11° ã-n11g11 11s11£-n11
11v11-t11 11c11h11á11y11 11M1111e11q11 11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11
11
,11211)11)1111 11 ° ¡ c11 11x11á11c11 11 Ë-n11h11 11t11h11e11o11
11c11ô11n11g11 11t11h11é-c11 11:11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11M1111e11q11
11
11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11
,11211)11)1111=11
11M1111e11q11
11
11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11
,11111)11)1111
11+11”M11
11=11
11
11²11ec11(11
,11011)11)1111.11
11M1111e11q11
11
11\11l11(11\11o11\11a11c11(11
,11111)11)1111
11=11
11111,11011311211011.11011,11911811711911 11=11 11111,11011111911511
11
11

1111e11q11
11\11b1
1\11b11c11
\11
(11(1
1\11a11
\11a11c11\11v11s11011(11,11k11m11o11l11/11k11g11n11.11l11)11)1111
11 11 11 11 11 11511 11)11N11h11i11Ç-t11 11 Ù- 11t11¡-i11 11 i11Ã-m11
11z(11\11o11\11a11c11(11 11,11z11)11)1111 11 11:11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 ô11 i11 11v11¡ i11 11 ô11#n11g11 11c11¡
11d11i11e11s11e11l11,11 11n11h11i11ê11#t11 11 ô11# 11t11a11#i11 11 i11ê11
11a1111
11a11
t11r1111:11 11 11 11
1111 11 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11E11M11B11E11D11 11E11q11u11a11t11i11o11n11.11311 11 1111

ξ .Q
M (1 + γ
z

1

+ mc v + 8,314.λ .Tc = β .mc pz.T z
'

H

r

)

"

z

1111

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11 11 11(11311)11
11T11r11o11n11g11
11B11E11
11t11h11ê11n11
11l11i11ê11#u11,11
11t11h11ô11n11g11 11t11h11° ¡ 11n11g11 11t11a11 11c11h11o11#n11 11
1111 11E11M11B11E11D11 11E11q11u11a11t11i11o11n11.11311 11 1111
Í-a11 11 Ù- 11 Ù-c11 11c11ñ-c11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11


12t12h12Ë- 12n12à12y12 12b12i12Ã-u12 12d12i12Å-n12 12q12u12a12n12
12h12Ç- 12v12 12=12 12f12(12±)12 12

Q

12

12

H

= 42500

12(12K12J12/12k12g12.12n12l12)12
12
12
12
12-12
1212
12E12M12B12E12D12

12

"

12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312

12:12 12l12a1212
12
12t12i12
12n12h12i12ê12#t12
12m12o12l12
12
n12g12
1212g12
12b12i1212n12h12
12c12u12
a12 12s12ah12a12 y12c12 12 i12#n12h12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

12 12 12 12 12 12 12t12h12e12o12 12c12ô12n12g12 12t12h12° c12:12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 1212
12E12M12B12E12D12
12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312
12
1212

γ ) + (1 − )
χ mc
β mc
= a + b .T
γ
β ( χ + ) + (1 − χ )
β

β (χ
"

12

1212 Mc

0

mc pz =

z

+

vz

"

r

v

z

v

0

"

"

v

v

z

r

0

z

z

0

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
12

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12(12412)12
12G12i12a12
i12 12(12312)12,12(12412)12 12r12a12 12t12a12 12 °
¡ #c12 12:1212 12E12M12B12E12D12 12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312 12
1212T z

12=1211221281221212
12

12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312 12 1212

12E12M12B12E12D12
(

0

K)

12
12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12612.12 12A12 p12 12s12u12â12 t12 12t12a12#i12 12
i12ê12
m12

12z12
1212
12E12M12B12E12D12
12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312 12 1212

p

z

12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312 12 1212

p

z

12:12
12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12A12 p12 12s12u12â12 t12 12t12a12#i12 12
i12ê12
m12
12z12
1212
12E12M12B12E12D12
12 12 ° ¡ #c12 12x12a12 c12
12
12 i12#n12h12 12t12h12e12o12 12c12ô12n12g12 12t12h12° c12:12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
1212 12E12M12B12E12D12 12E12q12u12a12t12i12o12n12.12312 12 1212

p

= λ. p

12 12 12 12 12 12(12M12P12a12)12
12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
12
12
12V12¡
i12
12:12
1212
12E12M12B12E12D12
z

c

Í-a12 12 Ù- 12 Ù-c12 12c12ñ-c12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12


13t13h13Ë- 13n13à13y13 13b13i13Ã-u13 13d13i13Å-n13 13q13u13a13n13
13h13Ç- 13v13 13=13 13f13(13±)13 13
λ = β . T z = 1, 0273.

1282
= 1,3729
959,3

Tc
13E13q13u13a13t13i13o13n13.13313 13 1313
13 13l13a1313 13h13ê13# 13s13ô13 13t13 n13g13 13a13 p13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13+13 1313 13E13M13B13E13D13
z

13E13q13u13a13t13i13o13n13.13313 13 1313

p

= 1,3729.4,9012 = 6, 7289

13 13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13213.13413
13)13T13í13n13h13
13t13o13á13n13
13q13u13á13
13t13r13ì13n13h13 13g13i13ã13n13 13n13ß- 13:13
13 13 13 13 13 13113 13)13H13Ç- 13s13Ñ- 13g13i13ã13n13 13n13ß13s13Û-m13 13Á 13:13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13Á 13=13 13 13 13 1313e13q13
13\13s13\13d13o13n13113(13\13f13(13²13e13q13
13
13\13l13(13\13o13\13a13c13(13
,13z13)13)1313.13T1313e13q13
13

13\13l13(13\13o13\13a13c13(13
,13z13)13)1313,13».13T1313e13q13
13
13\13l13(13\13o13\13a13c13(13 ,13c13)13)1313)13)1313 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13Q13u13a13 13q13u13á13 13t13r13ì13n13h13
13t13í13n13h13 13t13o13á13n13 13t13a13 13t13í13n13h13 13 ° ã-c13 13Á13
13E13M13B13E13D13 13E13q13u13a13t13i13o13n13.13D13S13M13T13413
13 1313n13 13 i13Á-u13 13k13i13Ç-n13 13Á 13<13 13»
13 13 13 13 13 13213 13)13H13Ç- 13s13Ñ- 13g13i13ã13n13 13n13ß13s13a13u13 13´ 13:13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13T13a13 13c13ó13 13h13Ç- 13s13Ñ- 13g13i13ã13n13
13n13ß- 13s13a13u13 13´ 13 ° ã-c13 13x13á13c13 13 Ëô13n13g13
13t13h13é-c13 13:13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
1313\13s13\13d1313 13 13=13 13 13113813,13713 13
13
13
13 13 13 13 13 13313 13)13C13h13É- 13s13Ñ- 13g13i13ã13n13
13n13ß13n13g13
13b13ì13n13h13
13n1313e13q13
13\13l13(13\13o13\13a13:13
13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13n1313e13q13
13
13\13l13(13\13o13\13a13c13(13
,132
1313e13q13
13\13s13\13d13o13n13113(13\13f13(13813.13313113413,1313e13q13
(1313e13q13 13\13b13\13b13c13\13(13(13\13a13\13a13cb13)13 13)1313(13*13,13
13\13l13(13\13o13\13ae13q13
13)13)1313,13M1313e13q13

1313\13a13c13\13v13s13013(13,13113+13³13e13q13
z

Í-a13 13 Ù- 13 Ù-c13 13c13ñ-c13 13
13 13 13 13 13 13 13
1313 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13


14t14h14ậ- 14n1414y14 14b14i14-u14 14d14i14-n14 14q14u14a14n14
14h14ầ- 14v14 14=14 14f14(14)14 14
14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14
,14r14)1414q14
14\14b14\14b14c14\14(14(14\14a14\14a14c14\14v14s14014(o14\14a14c14(14
14
,14z14)14)1414 14)14)'1414 14,14v14z14)14)1414,14214)14)1414.1414e14q14
14
14\14b14\14b14c14\14(14(14\14a14\1414
,14z14)14)(14\14o14\14a14c14(14
14
,14b14)14)1414)14)1414)14)1414 14
14 14n14 14e14q14b14)14)1414 14:14l1414 14n14h14i14ờ14t14 14t14r14ậ14t14Ă-i14 14 i14-m14 14b14 14v1414 ậ-n14h14 14t14h14e14o14
14c14ụ14n14g14 14t14h14ộ-c14 14:14
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14T1414e14q14
14\14l1414)14)1414=14
1414e14q14
14\14s14\14d14o14n14114(14\14f14(14T1414e14q14
14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14
,14z14)14)1414,1414e14q14

14
14
14\14o14(14\14a14\14a14c14\14v14s14214(14n1414e14q14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 14,14214)14)1414 114,14 14)14)1414)14)1414 14
14 14 14 14 14 14(14 1414K14 14)14
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
14Q1414e14q14
14\14H14)14)141414e14q14
*14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 ,14
14
14:14l1414
14)14)1414
14n14h14i14ầ-t14 14t14r14ậ- 14t14ớ14n14h14 14t14o14ỏ14n14 14
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 -n14g14
14c14Ă
14d14i14e14s14e14l14 14:14
14
14
14Q1414e14q14
14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14
,14H14)14)141414e14q14
*14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 ,14
14Q1414e14q14
14)14)1414=14
14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14
,14H14)14)1414

14=14414214514014014
1414e14q14
14\14b1
4\14b14c14
\14
(14(1
4\14a14
\14a14c14\14v14s14014(14,14k14m14o14l14/14k14g14n14.14l14)14)1414
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14Q14u14a14 14k14i14ầ-m14
14n14g14h14i14ờỏ14n14 14 l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 14,14214)14)1414 1414y14
14n1414e14(14 14,14214)14)1414 14v1414o14 14214 14v14- 14c14ỗ-a14
14p14t14 14t14r14ờ14n14 14t14a14 14s14o14 14s14ỏ14n14h14 14,14t14a14
14t14h14Ơ-y14 14s14a14i14 14s14ẹ- 14g14i14ù-a14 1421401411414
14n1414e14q14 14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 14,14214)14)1414 14c14h14-n14
14l1414 14 ỳ14n14g14
14 14 14 14 14 14414 14)14N14h14i14ầ-t14 14 - 14c14u14ẹ-i14
14q14u14ỏ14 14t14r14ỡ14n14h14 14g14i14ó14n14 14n14ò- 14T1414e14q14
14\14l14(14\14o14\14a14c14(14 14,14b14)14)1414 14:14
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
14
1414\14 14\14o14\14a14c14(14
,14z14)14)1414,1414e14q14
14
14
-a14 14 - 14 -c14 14c14ủ-c14 14
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
1414 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14


15t15h15Ë- 15n15à15y15 15b15i15Ã-u15 15d15i15Å-n15 15q15u15a15n15

15h15Ç- 15v15 15=15 15f15(15±)15 15
15\15o15(15\15a15\15a15c15\15v15s15215(15n1515e15q15 15\15l15(15\1515
115,15
15)15)1515)15)1515
15=15
15q15u15a15t\15o15\15a15c15(15
15
,15b15)15)1515 15 15:15p15 15s15u15¥-t15 15c15u15Ñ-i15 15q15u15á15
15t15r15ì15n15h15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15 15,15b15)15)1515 15 ° h15
15t15h15e15o15 15C15T15 15:15
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15p1515e15q15
15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15e15q15
15\15s15\15d15o15n15115(15\15f15(15P1515e15q15
1515,15´15e15q15
15\15v15s15215(15n1515e15q15
15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15
15
,15215)15)1515,15 15)15)1515)15)1515 15=15 15 1515 15E15M15B15E15D15
15E15q15u15a15t15i15o15n15.15D15S15M15T15415

15
15
15=15 15015,15115615115815 15 15 15 15615 15)15 15 Ù- 15k1515e15q15
15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15 15,15r15t15)15)15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
15\15a15c15(15 15,15r15t15)15)1515 15=15 15T1515e15q15 15\15l15(15\15o15\15
1515e15q15
15\15s15\15d15o15n15115(15\15f15(15P1515e15q15
15
15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15
,15r15)15)1515,15P1515e15q15

15\15l15(15\15o15)15)
(15(15\15a15\15a15c15\15v15s15d15o15n15115(15\15f15(15m15
115,15m15)15)1515)15)1515,15 15)15)1515 15 15(15 15º15K15 15)15T15a15
15t15í15n15h15
15
°
ã-c15
15T1515e15q15
15)1515
15=15515115115,15215815815415 15 15(15 15º15K15 15)15.15 15 15 15 15 15
15 15 15 15 15
15
15215.15515
15)15T15í15n15h15
15t15o15á15n15
15c15á15c15
15t15h15ô15n15g15
15s15Ñ15c15h15u15
15t15r15ì15n15h15
15c15ô15n15g1515 15 15115 15)15Á15p15 1515h15Ë- 15t15r15u15n15g15
15b15ì15n15h15 15a15c15(15 15,15i15)15)1515 15 15:15
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 â15y15 15l15à15 15 15 ô15n15g15
15c15¡ u15¥-t15 15c15h15É- 15t15h15Ë- 15t15r15u15n15g15 15b15ì15n15h15
15P15c15(15 15,15i15)15)1515 15 ° ã-c15 15x15á15c15 15 Ë-n15h15
15t15h15e15o15 15C15T15:15
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15p15'1515
15E15M15B15E15D15 15E15q15u15a15t15i15o15n15.15315 15 1515 i 1515
15=15
1515e15q15
15\15s15\15d15o15n15115(15\15f15(15P1515e15q15

15\15l15(15\15o15\15a15c15(15 15,15c15)15)1515,15µ 115)15)1515 15.15 1515
15E15M15B15E15D15 15E15q15u15a15t15i15o15n15.15D15S15M15T15415
 λ
1
1
1 
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.(1 − n1 −1 ) 
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n1 − 1
ε
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15 1515  n2 − 1

15

6, 7289
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15 15
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15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15Q15u15a15 15t15í15n15h15
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15 15 15 15 15 15 15
1515 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15


16t16h16ậ- 16n1616y16 16b16i16-u16 16d16i16-n16 16q16u16a16n16

16h16ầ- 16v16 16=16 16f16(16)16 16
16t16o16ỏ16n16
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16t16o16ỏ16n16 16v1616 16t16h16ủ-c16 16t16- 16d16o16 16 ú16 16t16a16
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16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
16p1616ec16(16 16,16i16)16)1616=16 16p16'1616 16Et16i16o16n16.16316 16
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16 16 t16 16t16i16ờ16u16 16h16a16o16 16n16h16i16ờ16n16t16h16ậ16g1616e16q16 16\16l16(16\)1616 16:16
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
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18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
18·18e18q1818,18e18)18)1818
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18
18\18l18(18\18o18\18a18c18(18
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18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
18 18 18 18 18 18 18D1818e18q18 18\18l18(18\18o18\18a18=18
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Peq \l(\o\ac( ,x)) = Peq \l(\o\ac( ,c)). eq \s\don1(\f(1,eq \b\bc\
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\s\don1(\f(Veq
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\l(\o\ac(
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\o(\a\ac\vs2(neq \l(\o\ac( ,1)), )))) = eq \s\don1(\f(Peq \l(\o\ac( ,c)),ieq
\o(\a\ac\vs2(neq \l(\o\ac( ,1)), ))))
neq \l(\o\ac( ,1)) :
191
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22)22)2222
22=22
22c22o22n22s22t22
22 22 22 22 22 22 22K22h22i22 22 ó22 22x22 22l22à22 22 i22Ã-m22
22b22¥-t22 22k22ó- 22t22r22ê22n22 22 ° Ý-n22g22 22g22i22ã22n22 22n22ß22t22h22ì22 22:22
22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
22
22P2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22
,22z22)22)2222.22
22
22V2222e22q22 22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 ,22z22)22)222222e22q22 22
22
22\22o22(22\22a22\22a22c22\22v22s22222(22n2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 22,22222)22)2222,22
22)22)2222
22=22
22
22P2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22
,22x22)22)2222.22

22
22V2222e22q22 22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 ,22x22)22)222222e22q22 22
22
22\22o22(22\22a22\22a22c22\22v22s22222(22n2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 22,22222)22)2222,22 22)22)2222 22 22 22 22
22’! 22P2222e22q22 22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 22,22x22)22)2222 22=22
22
22P2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22
,22z22)22)2222.22
2222e22q22
22\22s22\22d22o22n22122(22\22f22(22122,2222e22q22
22\22b22\22b22c22\22(22(22\22a22\22a22c22\22v22s22022(22,2222e22q22
22\22s22\22d22o22n22122(22\22f22(22V2222e22q22
22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22
,22x22)22)2222,22V2222e22q22
22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 ,22z22)22)2222)22)2222)22)222222e22q22 22
22
22\22o22(22\22a22\22a22c22\22v22s22222(22n2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 22,22222)22)2222,22 22)22)2222)22)2222
22
22T22a22
22c22ó22
22:22
22
22Á
22=22
2222e22q22

22\22s22\22d22o22n22122(22\22f22(22V2222e22q22
22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22
,22z22)22)2222,22V2222e22q22
22
22\22l22(22\22o22\22a22c22(22 ,22c22)22)2222)22)2222 22 22 22:22 22H22Ç22s22Ñ- 22g22i22ã22n22 22n22ß- 22k22h22i22 22c22h22á22y22 22 22 22 22
22Á
22=22
2222e22q22
22\22b22\22b22c22\22(22(22\22a22\22a22c22\22v22s22022(22,2222e22q22
22\22l22(22\22l22(22122,22222÷22122,22722)22)2222)22)2222 22c22h22Í-n22
Í-a22 22 Ù- 22 Ù-c22 22c22ñ-c22 22
22 22 22 22 22 22 22
22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22


23t23h23Ë- 23n23à23y23 23b23i23Ã-u23 23d23i23Å-n23 23q23u23a23n23
23h23Ç- 23v23 23=23 23f23(23±)23 23
23 23Á 23=23 23123,23423523
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23V2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23z23)23)2323 23=23 23Á.23V2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23c23)23)2323
23
23V23-y23
23
23
23P2323e23q23 23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23x23)23)2323 23=23

23
23P2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23z23)23)2323.23
2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23123,2323e23q23
23\23b23\23b23c23\23(23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23023(23,2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23V2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23x23)23)2323,23Á.23V2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 ,23c23)23)2323)23)2323)23)232323e23q23 23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323)23)2323 23
23=23
2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23P2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23z23)23)2323.23Á23e23q23
23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323,2323e23q23
23\23b23\23b23c23\23(23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23023(23,2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23V2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23

,23x23)23)2323,23V2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 ,23c23)23)2323)23)2323)23)232323e23q23 23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323)23)2323 23=23
2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23P2323e23q23
23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
,23z23)23)2323.23Á23e23q23
23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323,23i2323e23q23
23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323)23)2323 23=23
23P2323e23q23 23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23z23)23)2323 2323e23q23
23\23b23\23b23c23\23(23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23023(23,2323e23q23
23\23s23\23d23o23n23123(23\23f23(23Á,23i23)23)2323)23)232323e23q23 23
23
23\23o23(23\23a23\23a23c23\23v23s23223(23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323,23 23)23)2323
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23n2323e23q23
23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23 23,23223)23)2323 23:23 23C23h23É- 23s23Ñ23g23i23ã23n23 23n23ß- 23 a23 23b23i23¿-n23 23t23r23u23n23g23
23b23ì23n23h23 23 23 23n2323e23q23 23\23l23(23\23o23\23a23c23(23
23
,23223)23)2323 23=23 23123,23223723323 23 23

23
23323.23323 23)23 23C23h23Í-n23 23t23÷- 23l23Ç- 23x23í23c23h23
23p23h23ù23 23h23ã-p23 23v23à23 23c23á23c23 23 i23Ã-m23 23 ·-c23
23b23i23Ç-t23 23:23
Í-a23 23 Ù- 23 Ù-c23 23c23ñ-c23 23
23 23 23 23 23 23 23
2323 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23


24t24h24ậ- 24n2424y24 24b24i24-u24 24d24i24-n24 24q24u24a24n24
24h24ầ- 24v24 24=24 24f24(24)24 24
24 24 24 24 24 24-24 24V24ẵ- 24 ể- 24t24h24ậ- 24P24-24V24
24t24h24e24o24 24t24ữ- 24l24ầ- 24x24ớ24c24h24 24:24 24 24ã24e24q24
24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24v24)24)2424
24:24
2424
24E24M24B24E24D24 24E24q24u24a24t24i24o24n24.24D24S24M24T24424
24 2424

v =

.vc vc
= 0, 0055
295,856

24 24 24
24
24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
24 24 24 24 24 24 24ã24e24q24 24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
24
,24p24)24)2424
24:24
2424
24E24M24B24E24D24
24E24q24u24a24t24i24o24n24.24D24S24M24T24424
24
2424
p =

6, 7289
= 0, 02274
295.856

24 24
24
24T24a24
24c24ú24
24V2424e24q24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
24
,24a24)24)2424 24=24 24V2424e24q24 24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
24
,24c24)24)2424 24+24 24V2424e24q24 24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
24
,24h24)24)2424 24=24 24024,24024924224624 24+24 24124,24624324924124
24=24 24124,24724324124724 24(24 24l24i24t24 24)24
24 24M24ã-t24 24k24h24ỏ24c24 24t24a24 24c24ú24 24:24 24 24V2424e24q24

24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24z24)24)2424
24=24
24.24
24
24V2424e24q24 24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24c24)24)2424 24=24
24124.24024,24024924224624 24 24=24 24024,24024924224624 24 24 24(24
24l24i24t24)24
24324.24424
24)24
24V24ẵ24v24ũ24n24g24
24t24r24ũ24n24
24B24r24i24c24k24 24 ã-t24 24p24h24ớ24a24 24t24r24ờ24n24 24 ể24t24h24ậ- 24c24ụ24n24g24 24:24 24
24 24 24 24 24 24T24a24 24c24h24-n24 24t24ẫ- 24l24ầ- 24x24ớ24c24h24
24c24ỗ-a24 24h2424n24h24 24t24r24ỡ24n24h24 24p24i24t24o24n24 24S24
24l2424 24:24
24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
24
24ẳ24e24q24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24s24)24)2424
24=24
2424e24q24
24\24s24\24d24o24n24124(24\24f24(24g24t24t2424e24q24
24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24s24)24)2424,24g24t24b24d2424e24q24
24

24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24s24e24S24,24g24t24b24d2424e24q24
24
24\24l24(24\24o24\24a24c24(24
,24s24)24)2424)24)2424
24=24
2424
24E24M24B24E24D24 24E24q24u24a24t24i24o24n24.24D24S24M24T24424
145
= 0,3279
24 2424 467, 262 25, 002

24 24
24
24 24 24 24 24 24T24h24ụ24n24g24 24s24ẹ- 24k24-t24 24c24Ơ-u24 24
-a24 24 - 24 -c24 24c24ủ-c24 24
24 24 24 24 24 24 24
2424 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24