Comparisons

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(SO SAẽN H CUA TấNH Tặè VAè TRAN G Tặè)
I. So saùn h bũn g ( Equal comparison)
1. Khúng õởnh:
S1 + BE / V + AS + ADJ /ADV + AS + S2
2. Phuớ õởnh :
S 1 + BE / V NOT SO / AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS+ S 2
Ex: This exercise is as difficult as that one.
She cooks as well as her mother does
He isnt so/ as intelligent as his brother.
John doesnt work so/ as hard as Mary
Tim drives as carefully as Peter does.
Danh từ cũng có thể đợc dùng để so sánh trong trờng hợp này, nhng nên nhớ trớc khi so
sanh phải đảm bảo rằng danh từ đó phải có các tính từ tơng đơng.
Adjectives
heavy, light
wide, narrow
deep, shallow
long, short
big, small

Nouns
weight
width
depth
length
size

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

Ex: My house is as high as his.

My house is the same height as his.
The same...as >< different from...
Chú ý, trong tiếng Anh (A-E), different than... cũng có thể đợc dùng nếu sau chúng là một
mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh. Tuy nhiên trờng hợp này không phổ biến và không đa vào các bài thi
ngữ pháp:
Ex: His appearance is different from what I have expected.
...than I have expected.(A-E)
Danh từ cũng có thể dùng để so sánh bằng, nhng trớc khi so sánh phải xác định xem đó là
danh từ đếm đợc hay không đếm đợc, vì đằng trớc chúng có một số định ngữ dùng với 2
loại danh từ đó. Công thức:
S + V + as + many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun
Ex:

He earns as much money as his father.

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II. So saùn h hồn ( Comparative)
1. Vồùi tờnh tổỡ vaỡ traỷn g tổỡ ngừn (coù 1 ỏm tióỳt )
ADJ / ADV -ER
Ex: tall taller
fast faster
large larger
hard harder
* Chuù yù:
+ Khi tinh tổỡ coù 1 ỏm tióỳt tỏỷn cuỡng bũng phuỷ ỏm, coù nguyón ỏm õi trổồùc ta phaới gỏỳp õọi phuỷ ỏm
rọửi mồùi thóm ER

Ex: hot ..... hotter
thin ...... thinner
big ...... bigger
fat ...... fatter
+ Khi tờnh tổỡ coù 1 ỏm tióỳt tỏỷn cuỡng bũng y coù phuỷ ỏm õi trổồùc õọứi y thaỡnh i rọửi thóm
ER, vaỡ tỏỷn cuỡng bũng e thỗ chố thóm R vaỡo sau tổỡ õoù.
Ex: dry ....... drier ; large .........larger ; wide ........ wider
+ Khi tinhs tổỡ coù 2 ỏm tióỳt tỏỷn cuỡng bũng y, le, ow, er thỗ õổồỹc xem laỡ tờnh tổỡ ngừn.
Ex: happy ...... happier ; gentle ...... gentler ; narrow ....... narrower ; clever ..... cleverer
* MT S DNG BT QUY TC:
Good better
well better
Bad worse
badly worse
* So sỏnh v tớnh cht / hnh ng cựa 2 ngi, 2 vt :
+ BE/
+ ADJ/
ADV
ER + THAN
S1 S+ BE
/ V +VADJ
/ ADV
ER++ THAN
+ S2
Ex:

Nam is taller than his sister.
He works harder than his friend.

*So sánh hơn có thể đợc nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm much hoặc far.

S + V + far/ much + Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday.
2. Vi tớnh t / trng t di (cú t 2 õm tit tr lờn)
MORE + ADJ / ADV
Ex: beautiful more beautiful
quickly more quickly
Careful carefully
dangerously more dangerously
* So sỏnh v tớnh cht / hnh ng cựa 2 ngi, 2 vt :
+ BE/
+ ADJ/ADJ
ADV
+ ER
+ THAN
S1 S+ BE
/ V +VMORE
/ ADV
+ THAN
+ S2
Ex: Jane drives more carefully than Mary (does).
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John is more intelligent than Frank (is).
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks English more fluently than I do.
-Nhấn mạnh : S1 + BE/ V + far/ much + Adj/ Adv -er + than + S2
S1 + BE/ V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + S2

eg. Hoas watch is much/ far more expensive than mine.
He reads much more rapidly than his brother.
Harrys watch is far more expensive than mine
He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
*CH í :So sỏnh kộm hn:

S + BE/ V + less Adj/ Adv than + noun/ pronoun.

eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours.
He drives less carefully than I think.
III. So saùn h nhỏỳt ( superlative)
1. Vồùi tờnh tổỡ/ traỷng tổỡ ngừn
S + BE /V + THE + ADJ/ADV + EST

+ in ( danh từ đếm đợc số ít)
+ of ( danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều)

Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world.
She ran the fastest in this competition.
2. Vồùi tờnh tổỡ vaỡ traỷng tổỡ daỡi:
S + BE /V +THE MOST + ADJ/ ADV + in ( danh từ đếm đợc số ít)
+ of ( danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều)
Ex: This is the most interesting book.
He speaks French the most fluently.
Nga is the most inteligent of all the students.
*Chuù yù: Coù nhổợng trổồỡng hồỹp giọỳng nhổ daỷng so saùnh hồn.
Ex: hot ..... the hottest ; large ..... the largest ; happy ..... the happiest
* MT S DNG BT QUY TC:
Good / well the best
Bad/ badly the worst

NOTE: Adj /Adv
- good/ well
- bad/ badly
- many/ much
Comparisons

Comparative
better
worse
more
3

Superlative
the best
the worst
the most


- little
- far
- near

less
farther
further
nearer

- late

later

- old

older
elder

the least
the farthest(về khoảng cách)
the furthest( về thời gian)
the nearest(về khoảng cách)
the next( về thứ tự)
the latest( về thời gian)
the last( về thứ tự)
the oldest( về tuổi tác)
the eldest( về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác)

IV. So saùn h keùp ( Double comparatives) : Coù 2 loaỷi
1. So saùn h õọửn g tióỳn : ( caỡng ngaỡy caỡng ......., mi lỳc mt . ) ch cú 1 ch t
* Với tính từ ngắn: ADJ/ ADV + ER + AND + ADJ/ ADV + ER
Ex: The weather is hotter and hotter.
Mr Brown drives faster and faster.
The weather gets warmer and warmer
* Với tính từ dài:

MORE AND MORE + ADJ/ ADV

Mrs White becomes more and more beautiful.
He speaks more and more quickly.
2. Càng ngày càng ít...., càng ngày càng kém....: LESS AND LESS + ADJ/ADV
eg. He is less and less hard-working.

3. So saùn h luợy tióỳn (Càng .... thì càng.......)
* Với tính từ ngắn: THE + ADJ-ER + S+ V , THE + ADJ-ER + S + V
eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is.
* Với tính từ dài: THE MORE + ADJ......., THE MORE ADJ.........
eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try.
NOTE: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhng có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn
với nhau.( hoặc vế trớc tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngợc lại...)
eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
Ex: The fatter they get, the more tired they feel.
The larger the house is, the more expensive it is.
The harder we study, the more easily we pass the exam.
CH í : Khi ch cú mụt v cú tớnh t so sỏnh :
THE MORE + S + V ,

THE + ADJ -ER
THE MORE + ADJ

Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become.
The more you learn, the more you forget.

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+S+V


V. So sánh đa bội
Tơng đơng cấu trúc tiếng Việt: gấp rỡi, gấp hai...

Không đợc sử dụng so sánh hơn kém mà sử dụng so sánh bằng, khi so sánh phải xác định
danh từ là đếm đợc hay không đếm đợc, vì đằng trớc chúng có many/much / half


Bi s + so sỏnh bng
Ex: This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one.
Ex:Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
Ngữ pháp hiện đại ngày nay, đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép dùng so sánh hơn kém đến
gấp 3 lần trở lên, nhng đối với gấp 2 hoặc 1/2 thì tuyệt đối không.
Các lối nói: twice that many/twice that much = gấp đôi ngần ấy... chỉ đợc dùng trong khẩu
ngữ, không đợc dùng để viết.
Ex: We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up. (twice as many
as that number).
VI. Cấu trúc No sooner... than = Vừa mới ... thì đã...
Chỉ dùng cho thời Quá khứ và thời Hiện tại, không dùng cho thời Tơng lai.
No sooner đứng ở đầu một mệnh đề, theo sau nó là một trợ động từ đảo lên trớc chủ ngữ để
nhấn mạnh, than đứng ở đầu mệnh đề còn lại:
No sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V

Ex: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain. (Past)
Một ví dụ ở thời hiện tại (will đợc lấy sang dùng cho hiện tại)
Ex: No sooner will he arrive than he want to leave.(Present)
Một cấu trúc tơng đơng cấu trúc này:
No sooner ... than ... = Hardly/Scarely ... when
Ex: Scarely had they felt in love each other when they got maried.
Lu ý: No longer ... = not ... anymore = không ... nữa, dùng theo cấu trúc:
S + no longer + Positive Verb

VII. Những cách nói khác có tính cách so sánh.
a. Other .... than........: khác. I want to read other novels than these.

b. Rather than: hơn là.

We want to be poor rather than rich.

c. Had better: nên

Youd better stay at home than go fishing.

d. Had rather hoặc Would rather: thích.. ..hơn .Wed rather watch a film than read a book.
6. Danh từ cũng có thể đợc dùng trong so sánh:
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.
hoặc

S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. He earns as much money as his brother.
I have more books than she does.

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EXERCISES:
EXERCISE 1: Completes the following sentences with comparatives or superlatives. Use
the words in brackets and add any other necessary words.
1. Sometimes I feel all of my friends are ( intelligent)……………….. I am, and yet,
sometimes they tell me that they think I am ( smart)……………..person …..............the
class.
2. Mercury is ( close)………………..planet to the sun. It moves around the sun
( fast)……………any other planet in the solar system.

3. One of ( popular) …………..….holidays……………Vietnam is New Year’s.
4. In terms of area, (large) …………………..state………..United states is Alaska, but it
has one of ( small) …………………....populations………….all the states.
5. Nothing is ( important)…………………….good health. Certainly, gaining health is
much ( important)…………………..……enjoying good health.
6. You can trust her. You will never meet a ( honest)………………….person………she is.
7. Both Bangkok and Venice are famous for their waterways, but Bangkok has ( extensive)
……………………….canals…………….Venice has.
8. I feel ( safe)……………..…in a plane …………I do in a car.
9. My friend has studied many languages. He thinks Japanese is (difficult)………………...
all the languages he has studied.
10. One of ( bad)………..nuclear accidents……..the world occurred at Chernobyl in 1986.
11. Jakarta is ( large)……………………...city in Indonesia.
12. Mountain climbing takes ( strength)……………………….walking on a level path.
13. The (short)…………………..….distance between two points is straight line.
14. Cheese usually tastes ( good)……….……..at room temperature than it does just after
you take it out of the refrigerator.
15. I think learning a second language is ( hard)……………learning chemistry or
mathematics.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1. Her illness is………..serious than we first thought.
A. much more
B. much
C. more much
D. much much
2. It is…..today than it was yesterday.
A. warm
B. more warm
C. warmer
D. more warmer.

3. You are driving too fast. Can you drive…………?
A. a bit slowly
B. a bit more slowly C. slowly a bit
D. slowlier.
4. Mary is one of………girls in our class.
A. the most intelligent
B. the more intelligent
C. most intelligent
D. more intelligent
5. Tom is………….of the brothers.
A. older
B. oldest
C. old
D. elder.
6. Is this ……….pen you’ve got.
A. the cheap
B. the cheapest
C. cheapest D. cheaper
7. My job is boring. I’d like to do something…………………
A. interesting
B. most interesting C. more interesting D. intersrestingly.
8. Mercedes is ………car of all.
A. the most expensive
B. the more expensive
C. more expensive
D. the expensive
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9. Your hair has……….colour as mine.
A. the same
B. different
C. as same
D. as different.
10. Do it as……… as you can.
A. good
B. well
C. better
D. very good.
11. Tom and Peter are the same height.
A. Tom is as tall as Peter B. Tom isn’t as tall as Peter C. Tom and Peter are very tall
12. The air in the big city is more polluted than it is in the countryside.
A. The air in the countryside is fresh and clean
B. The air both in the countryside and in the city are polluted.
C. The air in a big city isn’t as fresh and clean as the air in the countryside.
14. Living in a dormitory isn’t as comfortable as living at home.
A. It’s more comfortable to live in a dormitory than at home
B. It’s more comfortable to live at home than in a dormitory.
C. Living at home is less comfortable than living in s dormitory.
15. Some school subjects interest me, but others don’t.
A. Some school subjects are as interesting as others
B. Some school subjects aren’t as interesting as others
C. All school subjects interest me.
16. I think that no city is more beautiful than Paris.
A. I think Paris is the most beautiful city in the world.
B. I think Paris is as beautiful as other cities in the world.
C. I think Paris is less beautiful than other cities in the world.
17. Can you understand words more easily than gestured?

A. Do you find it difficult to understand gesture?
B. Is it easy for you to understand gesture than words?
C. Are you better at understanding words than gestures?
18. Home computers used to be much more expensive.
A. Home computers are more expensive than they used to be.
B. Home computers are much more expensive than they used to be.
C. home computers aren’t as expensive as they used to be.
19.That’s the best meal I’ve ever eaten.
A. I’ve never eaten a good meal
B. I’ve never eaten a better meal
C. I’ve never eaten the best meal
20. Sue don’t know as much as Italian than I do.
A. Sue knows more Italian than I do.
B. Sue knows as much Italian than I do
C. Sue knows as much Italian as I do,
EXERCISE II: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. He studies..........his two brothers.
a. much better than b. more better than
c. more good than d. very better than
2. The worker was ..........his boss expected, so he was offered a raise.
a. more hard-working
b. as hard-working than
c. more hard - working than
d. more hard - working as
3. ............... you study for the exams,................ you will do it.
a. The harder / the better
b. The more / the much
c. The harder / the much
d. The more hard / the more good
4. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that .................. it is at night ................ he plays his

music!
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a. the less / the more loud
b. the less/ less
c. the more / the more loudlier
d. the later/ the louder
5. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become .............. .
a. more and more good
b. better and better
c. the more and more good
d. the more hard / the more good
6. The Sear Tower is ......................... building in Chicago.
a. taller
b. the more tall
c. the tallest
d. taller and taller
7. Petrol is ...................... it used to.
a. twice as expensive as
b. twice expensive more than
c. twice more than expensive
d. more expensive than twice
8. Peter is ..................... John.
a. younger and more intelligent than
b. more young and intelligent than
c. more intelligent and younger than
d. the more intelligent and younger than

9. San Diego is .................... town in Southern in California.
a. more nice and nice b. the nicer
c. the nicest
d. nicer and nicer
10. It gets ................ when the winter is coming.
a. cold and cold
b. the coldest and coldest
c. colder and colder
d. more and more cold
11. Robert does not have ..................... Peter does.
a. money more than
b. as many money as
c. more money as
d. as much money as
12. The Mekong Delta is ...................... deltas in Vietnam.
a. the largest of the two
b. the more larger of the two
c. one of the largest
d. one of the larger
13. As she did so, her parents became ......................
a. the angriest
b. the most angry c. the more angry d. angrier and angrier
14. People should eat ..................... and do ................... to reduce the risk of heart disease.
a. less fat / more exercise
b. less and less fat / the more exercise
c. the less fat / the more exercise
d. fatter/ more exercise
15. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ................... the food is, ................. he likes it
a. The hotter / the more and more
b. The hotter / the more

c. The more and more hot / the more
d. The hottest / the most
16. Of course you can come to the party, ..........................
a. the more and merrier
b. the more and the merrier
c. the more and merrier
d. the more and more merrier
17. I feel .................... I did yesterday.
a. much more tired than
b. many more tired than
c. as many tired as
d. as more tired as
18. She is .................... a spectator.
a. more an athlete than b. more of an athlete than
c. an athlete more than d. an athlete of more than
19. His house is .......................... mine.
a. twice as big as
b. as twice big as c. as two times big as
d. as big as twice
20. It gets ................... to understand what professor has explained.
a. the more difficult
b. more difficult than
c. difficult more and more
d. more and more difficult
21. You must drive slower in built up areas. ......................... you drive in the city, it
is ..................... that you will have an accident.
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a. The faster and faster/ the more
b. The faster/ the more probable
c. The more and more fast / the more and more probable d. The more fastly/ the probable
22. He finds Physics ........................ other science subjects.
a. far more difficult than
b. many more difficult than
c. too much more difficult than
d. more much difficult than
23. .................... he drank, .............................. he became.
a. More/ more violent
b. The most / the most violent
c. The more/ the more violent
d. The less / less violent
24. Mary was ................... of the two sisters.
a. the clever
b. as clever as
c. the cleverer
d. the cleverest
25. French is a ........................ language to learn than English is.
a. difficult
b. more difficult
c. most difficult
d. more and more difficult
26. The cuisine of France is .............................
a. more famous than that of England
b. famous than the cuisine of England
c. more famous than which of England
d. as famous than that of England
27. Earning has always been the thing that pleases him most . .................. he

becomes, ...................he is.
a. The more rich / the more happy
b. The richest / the happiest
c. The richer / the happier
d. Richer and richer / happier and happier
28. The fast we finish, ....................
a. the sooner we can leave
b. we can leave sooner and sooner
c. the sooner can we leave
d. we can leave the sooner
29. Of all athletes, Alex is ...........................
a. the less qualified
b. the less and less qualified
c. the more and more qualified
d. the least qualified
30. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got .......................
a. more panicked b. the more panicked c. more than panicked d. more and more panicked
31. The more you pull on it, ..................... it gets.
a. the tightest
b. the tighter
c. the more tightest
d. the most tightest
32. Flower oils are .......................... of the ingredients used in making perfume.
a. among expensive
b. being most expensive
c. among the most expensive
d. expensive
33. John doesn’t work ..................... his brother.
a. as hard as
b. as hardly as

c. more hardly than
d. hardlier than
34. ........... live in Ho Chi Minh city than in the whole of the rest of the country.
a. As much as people
b. More people
c. As many as people
d. People more
35.The more money peter makes, the more his wife spends.
a.Peter spends more money than his wife.
b.Peter and his wife both make money.
c.Peter spends the money his wife makes.
d.Peter’s wife keeps spending their money.
36.The exam was much easier than he had expected.
a. The exam was much easier that he finished it all.
b. He did not find the exam as difficult as he had thought.
c. It’s possible for him to perform well on the exam.
d. He had expected that the exam was easy.
37.Peter drives more carefully than Tom.
a.Peter is a more careless driver than Tom. b.Tom doesn’t drive as carefully as Peter.
c.Peter isn’t a more careful driver than Tom d.Tom driver less careful than Peter.
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38.The book interested me more than the film.
a. I thought the book was more interesting than the film.
b. In my opinion the film was not as interesred as the book.
c. I thought the book didn’t interest me as the film.
d. In my opinion the film bored me than the book.

39. The South of England is drier tha the north.
a. There is not as much rain in the south of England as in the north.
b. There is not as dry in the north of England as in the south.
c. There is not so dry in the south of England as in the north.
d. There are more than in the north of England as in the south.
40. They understand more than we do.
A. We don’t understand as much as they do.
B. We don’t understand anything at all.
C. They understand everything inside out.
D. They are very intelligent.
41. It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French.
A. To speak French is more difficult than to speak English.
B. To speak English is more difficult than to speak French.
C. Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French.
D. Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking
English.
42. My interview lasted longer than yours.
A. Your interview wasn’t as short as mine.
B. Y o ur interview was shorter than mine.
C. Your interview was as long as mine.
D. Y our interview was longer than mine.
43. When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I do now.
A. Now I don’t go climbing anymore.
B. I used to go climbing when I
younger.
C. Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did.
D. I don’t like going climbing any
more.
44. Your coffee is not as good as mine.
A. Mine is better than yours.

C. My coffee is better than yours.
B. My coffee is better than your.
D. My coffee is more good than yours.
45. I can't cook as well as my mother does.
A. My mother can cook better than I can.
B. My mother can't cook better than I
can.
C. mother can cook well than I can.
D. I can cook better than my mother
can.
46. Murder is the most serious of all crimes.
A. Murder is very serious.
C. Everyone is very afraid of murder.
B. No crime is more serious than murder.
D. Murder is the dangerous crime.
47. No one in this class is as tall as Richard.
A. Richard is the tallest in this class.
C. Richard is the most tall in this class.
B. Richard is taller than in this class.
D. Richard is more tall than in this class.
49. This is the best music I have ever heard.
A. I’ve never heard better music than this. B. I’ve never heard such a good music as this.
C. I’ve never heard so good music as this. D. This is the first time I’ve heard this good
music.
50. This is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read.
Comparisons
10


A.

B.
C.
D.

Knowing that the novel will be interesting, I read it.
If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I’d have read it earlier
I don’t think it is the most interesting novel.
I have never read a more interesting novel than this.

Comparisons

11