Unit 11: Source of Energy

1. The friend with . . . . . . . I was travelling spoke
English.
a. who
b. whose 
c. whom d. which
2. The woman . . . . . . . opened the door was
wearing a yellow dress.
a. who
b. which c. when d. whom

3. The man . . . . . . .phoned me didn’t say his
name.
a. who
b. which c. where d. whom



REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Ex: The man who is talking to John is my brother.
The man talking to John is my brother.
Ex: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
 English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
Ex: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
 Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

 Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ được chia ở các thì tiếp
diễn thì ta lược bỏ ĐTQH và động từ tobe đi. →
Present Participle (Ving)
Nếu MĐQH được chia ở các thì khác, thì ta lược
bỏ đại từ quan hệ trước rồi sau đó đưa động từ

chính về dạng Ving → Present Participle (Ving)


Ex: The ideas which are presented in that book are
good.
 The ideas presented in that book are good.

 Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ được chia dưới dạng bò
động thì ta lược bỏ ĐTQH và động từ tobe đi. →
Past Participle (Ved)
Exercise 1
1.  The boy playing the piano is Ben.
5.  The fence surrounding our house is made of
wood.
6.  We have an apartment overlooking the park.


Exercise 2
1.  The ideas presented in that book are
interesting.
2.  I come from a city located in the southern
part of the country.
3.  They live in a house built in 1890.


Ex: In 1986, Mexico became the first nation that
hosted the World Cup twice.
 In 1986, Mexico became the first nation that to host
the World Cup twice.
Ex: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into

space.
 Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
Ex This is the last book that was written by J. London.
 This is the last book to be written by J. London.

 Chúng ta dùng to infinitive để thay thế cho mệnh
đề quan hệ. Và to infinitive đóng vai trò là một bổ
ngữ. Chúng ta chỉ dùng to infinitive khi trước tiền
ngữ có các tính từ sau: first, second, next, last,
only . . . và sau tính từ so sánh nhất.


Exercise 3
1.  John was the last man to reach the top of
the mountain.
3.  The first person to see is Mr. Smith.
4.  This is the second person to be killed in that
way.


Choose the best option
1. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the
a. (built) which is built
b.

river’s flow and collect the water.
c.
d.
2. I pulled off the sheets that covered the furniture.
a. to cover

b. cover
c. covering
d. covered

3. The nuclear power plant that was completed last year
will come to operate tomorrow.
a. completing
b. to complete
c. completed
d. to be completed



Pronunciation
[∫r]
shred
shrill
shrimp
shrine

[spl]
splash
split
spleen
splutter

[spr]
spring
spray
spread

sprightly