Fabric
Care
Dictionary
Acetate
One
of
the
first
manufactured
fibers.
It
is
soft
and
has
a
crisp
feel
with
the
lustrous
appearance
of
silk,
and
excellent
appearance
when
draped.
It
is
not
a
strong
fiber,
as
its
resistance
to
abrasion
is
poor,
it
resists
shrinkage,
moths,
and
mildew
and
does
not
absorb
moisture
readily.
Its
yarns
are
pliable
and
supple
and
will
always
spring
back
to
their
original
shape.
It
is
fast
drying
and
when
heated
becomes
more
pliable.
Acetone
and
alcohol
dissolve
the
fibers.
Special
dyes
are
required
if
it
is
to
be
colored.
Acrylic
Acrylic
is
a
generic
name
for
synthetic
fibers
derived
from
85%
polyacrylonitrile.
Used
for
base
layers
or
insulating
fabrics.
Properties
include
a
soft,
wooly
hand,
wash-‐and-‐wear
performance,
colorfastness,
and
wrinkle
resistance.
Acrylic
is
used
in
socks
and
in
blends
with
cotton
for
fleece
apparel.
Alpaca
True
alpaca
is
hair
from
the
Alpaca
animal,
a
member
of
the
llama
family
of
the
South
American
Andes
Mountains.
Also
imitated
in
wool,
wool
and
alpaca,
rayon,
mohair
and
rayon
or
cotton,
a
cotton
warp
and
alpaca
filling,
or
synthetics
such
as
orlon.
it
comes
in
various
weaves,
knits,
and
weights.
Characteristically
it
has
a
fine,
silk-‐like,
soft,
light
weight
and
is
warm.
It
is
very
rich
and
silky
with
considerable
luster
and
resembles
mohair.
If
guard
hairs
are
used,
it
is
inclined
to
be
stiff.
It
is
strong
and
durable.
Alpaca
is
found
in
white,
black,
fawn
or
gray.
The
fibers
are
less
coarse
than
those
of
the
llama
but
are
higher
in
tensile
strength.
It
is
most
commonly
used
in
men’s
and
women’s
suits,
coats
and
sportswear,
linings
and
sweaters.
Some
fine
alpaca
used
for
women’s
dresses.
Also
in
pile
or
napped
fabric
for
coating.
Angora
Goat
The
clipped
fiber
of
the
living
animal
is
called
mohair.
It
has
various
weaves
and
knits.
Scoured
mohair
appears
smooth
and
white.
It
varies
in
fineness
and
is
highly
resilient,
very
strong
and
has
high
luster.
Its
value
is
determined
by
its
luster
and
not
its
softness.
It
is
used
extensively
in
industries
such
as
carpet,
upholstery,
curtain
and
automobile
cloth.
Angora
Rabbit
Hair
from
the
angora
rabbit.
It
is
indigenous
to
Asia
Minor
and
Turkey.
Often
blended
and
mixed
with
wool
to
lower
the
price
of
the
finished
article
or
to
obtain
fancy
or
novelty
effects.
It
has
various
weaves
and
knits.
It
is
long,
very
fine,
light
weight,
extremely
warm
and
fluffy.
Angora
has
a
tendency
to
shed
and
mat
with
time.
Must
be
designated
as
angora
rabbit’s
hair.
This
fur
fiber
is
one
of
the
finest.
It
is
used
mostly
in
knit
wear
–
gloves,
scarves,
sweaters,
etc.
for
children
and
women.
Also
blended
with
wool
in
dress
goods
and
suits
to
give
a
softer
feel.
Argyle
A
“version”
of
the
tartan
of
the
Scottish
clan
Argyle,
also
known
as
Bias
Plaid.
It
is
comprised
using
a
Diamond-‐shaped
knit
design
that
appears
to
be
inlaid
into
the
fabric,
usually
in
three
colors,
but
two
color
combinations
are
also
used.
Originally
hand
knitted,
Argyle
is
now
machine-‐made
throughout
the
world
using
the
intarsia
method.
Tartan
socks
featuring
the
argyle
pattern
are
worn
with
a
kilt,
particularly
by
military
regiments
in
Scotland.
Ballistics
Cloth
A
thick
nylon
weave
fabric
used
as
reinforcement
in
clothing,
packs,
and
luggage.
Named
for
its
durable
similarity
to
bulletproof
material.
Batik
A
method,
originating
in
Java,
of
resist
dyeing
which
employs
wax
as
the
resist.
The
pattern
is
covered
with
wax
and
the
fabric
is
then
dyed,
producing
a
white
design
on
a
dyed
ground.
The
waxed
patterns
will
not
take
the
dye,
and
the
wax
is
removed
after
dyeing.
The
process
is
repeated
to
obtain
multicolored
designs.
The
effect
is
sometimes
imitated
in
machine
prints.
Boucle
Made
from
wool,
and
is
also
in
rayon,
silk,
cotton,
linen,
blends,
hair
fibers.
It
is
found
in
any
weave
or
knit.
Normally
is
it
seen
as
yarn
with
loops,
which
produces
a
woven
or
knitted
fabric
with
rough
appearance.
A
drawn
out
or
ringed,
looped
yarn
is
used
to
give
it
a
kinky
appearance
at
intervals.
Made
in
a
variety
of
weights.
Boucle
yarns
are
usually
in
both
the
filling
and
the
warp.
Fabrics
are
usually
springy
to
handle
on
account
of
the
highly
twisted
yarns
used
to
achieve
the
boucle
effect.
Often
ravels
easily.
It
is
used
in
coats,
suits,
dresses,
and
sportswear.
Brocade
Found
as
Silk,
rayon,
cotton,
and
all
others.
The
weave
is
jacquard
and
dobby.
It
creates
a
rich,
heavy,
elaborate
design
effect.
Sometimes
with
colored
or
metallic
threads
making
the
design
usually
against
a
satin
weave
background.
This
makes
the
figures
stand
out.
the
figures
in
brocade
are
rather
loose,
while
in
damask
the
figure
threads
are
actually
bound
into
the
material.
The
pattern
may
be
satin
on
a
twill
ground
or
twill
on
a
satin
ground.
Often
reversible.
The
motifs
may
be
of
flowers,
foliage,
scrollwork,
pastoral
scenes,
or
other
designs.
The
price
range
is
wide.
Generally
reputed
to
have
been
developed
from
the
Latin
name
“brocade”
which
means
to
figure.
It
is
used
in
all
types
of
evening
wear,
church
vestments,
interior
furnishings,
and
state
robes.
Burlap
Also
known
as
Jute,
is
used
in
textiles
for
interiors,
especially
for
wall
hangings
and
a
group
of
bright,
homespun-‐effect
draperies
and
wall
coverings.
Natural
burlap
has
a
yellow
to
brown
or
gray
color,
with
a
silky
luster.
It
consists
of
bundles
of
fiber
held
together
by
gummy
substances
that
are
pertinacious
in
character.
It
is
difficult
to
bleach
completely,
so
many
fabrics
are
bright,
dark,
or
natural
brown
in
color.
Burlap
reacts
to
chemicals
in
the
same
way
as
do
cotton
and
flax.
It
has
a
good
resistance
to
micro-‐organisms
and
insects.
Moisture
increases
the
speed
of
deterioration
but
dry
burlap
will
last
for
a
very
long
time.
It
works
well
for
bagging,
because
it
does
not
extend
and
is
somewhat
rough
and
coarse.
This
tends
to
keep
stacks
of
bags
in
position
and
resist
slippage.
It
is
widely
used
in
the
manufacture
of
linoleum
and
carpets
for
backing
or
base
fabric.
Camel
Hair
Hair
from
the
camel.
Sometimes
blended
with
wool
or
imitated
in
wool.
Weaves
are
normally
twill
or
plain.
It
is
of
the
Bactrian
Species
of
the
Chinese
and
Mongolian
deserts.
Under
hair
is
best.
It
is
light
weight,
lustrous
and
soft.
It
ranges
from
a
light
tan
to
a
brownish-‐black
color.
Usually
left
its
natural
tones
but
can
be
dyed-‐usually
navy
and
some
red.
It
has
quite
a
long
nap
and
is
warm.
Better
grades
are
expensive.
Sometimes
blended
with
wool
to
reduce
the
cost
and
increase
the
wear.
All
wool
camel
hair
is
not
as
lustrous
and
is
spongy.
Can
have
either
a
rich
nap
or
a
flat
finish.
Wears
fairly
well,
particularly
if
blended.
It
is
used
in
coats,
women’s
suits,
sports
coats,
sweaters,
some
blankets
and
put
in
some
very
expensive
oriental
rugs.
It
is
also
used
in
fine
over
coating,
top
coating,
hosiery
and
transmission
belts
which
will
withstand
dampness
and
moisture.
Canvas
Made
of
linen
or
cotton
with
a
plain
weave.
It
is
mostly
rugged,
heavy
material
made
from
plied
yarns
with
body
and
strength.
It
is
usually
manufactured
in
the
gray
state
but
some
is
dyed
for
different
uses.
It
is
almost
the
same
as
duck
in
heavier
weights
with
as
an
even
weave.
Ada
or
Java
canvas
is
used
for
yarn,
needlework,
almost
like
a
mesh.
It
is
used
in
tents,
sails,
mail
bags,
sacks,
covers,
etc.
Finer
types
used
for
embroidery
and
paintings.
Hair
canvas
is
an
interfacing
material
in
various
weights.
Cashmere
From
the
Kashmir
goat,
a
hair
fiber
found
in
Kashmir
India,
Tibet,
Iran,
Iraq,
China,
Persia,
Turkestan
and
Outer
Mongolia.
It
is
often
mixed
with
wool
or
synthetics
to
cut
costs
and
improve
the
wear.
It
comes
in
all
weaves
but
mostly
plain
or
twill,
and
all
knits.
The
fiber
is
cylindrical,
soft
and
silken.
It
is
more
like
wool
than
any
other
hair
fiber,
and
has
a
very
soft
silky
finish;
very
light
in
weight.
It
doesn’t
stand
up
to
hard
wear
on
account
of
extremely
soft
downy
finish.
Natural
fiber
is
white,
black,
brown
or
gray
but
can
be
died
a
variety
of
shades.
It
also
comes
in
different
weights.
The
textile
industry
is
only
interested
in
the
soft
fibers.
It
is
knitted
into
sweaters
for
men
and
women,
also
women’s
dresses.
It
is
often
combed
and
sold
in
tops
and
noils.
Charmeuse
Satin.
Originated
as
a
French
lightweight
silk
that
was
recognized
for
its
supreme
luster
and
drapability.
Today
it
is
made
out
of
rayon,
cotton
and
manufactured
fibers
and
has
a
dull
back.
It
is
found
in
a
variety
of
solids
and
prints.
It
is
used
in
pajamas,
dresses,
and
draping
gowns.
Cheesecloth
Cotton
with
a
plain
weave.
Originally
used
as
a
wrapping
material
for
pressing
cheese.
It
is
loosely
woven,
thin,
light
in
weight,
open
in
construction,
and
soft.
Carded
yarns
are
always
used.
It
is
also
called
gauze
weave.
When
woven
in
36″
widths
it
is
called
tobacco
cloth.
When
an
applied
finish
is
added,
it
is
called
buckram,
crinoline,
or
bunting.
In
the
gray
cloth,
it
is
used
for
covering
tobacco
plants,
tea
bags
and
wiping
cloths.
Finished
cloth
is
used
for
curtains,
bandages,
dust
cloths,
cheap
bunting,
hat
lining,
surgical
gauze,
fly
nets,
food
wrapping,
such
as
meat
and
cheese,
costumes
and
basket
tops.
Chenille
Fabric
Cotton
and
any
of
the
main
textile
fibers.
It
has
mostly
a
plain
weave
with
a
warp
yarn
of
any
major
textile
fiber.
Filling
of
chenille
yarns
has
a
pile
protruding
all
around
at
right
angles.
The
word
is
French
for
caterpillar
and
the
fabric
looks
hairy.
Do
not
confuse
this
with
tufted
effects
obtained
without
the
use
of
true
Chenille
filling.
Chiffon
Silk,
rayon,
cotton,
synthetics
with
a
plain
weave.
A
light
diaphanous
fabric
of
silk,
nylon,
that
is
lightweight,
sheer,
or
transparent.
Made
with
very
fine,
tightly
twisted
yarns.
The
tightly
twisted
yarns
could
be
either
in
the
filling
or
the
warp
or
both.
It
is
very
strong,
despite
filmy
look
and
wears
very
well.
It
is
very
difficult
to
handle
when
sewing
and
it
is
best
to
baste
the
pieces
over
tissue
to
make
it
easier.
It
has
slightly
bumpy
look.
It
is
best
suited
to
shirring,
draping,
gathering,
and
tucking,
because
it
is
so
limp.
If
made
in
a
straight
sheath
style,
it
should
be
underlined
with
very
firm
fabric,
such
as
faille
taffeta.
It
is
used
in
after
5
wear,
blouses,
scarves.
China
Silk
Silk.
Originally
hand
woven
in
China
of
silk
from
the
Bonabyx
mori.
It
is
very
soft
and
extremely
lightweight
but
fairly
strong.
Irregularities
of
threads
caused
by
the
extreme
lightness
and
softness
are
characteristic
of
the
fabric.
It
is
used
mostly
for
linings
and
under
linings,
and
could
be
used
for
blouses.
Chinchilla
Cotton
or
wool,
and
some
manmade
and
synthetics.
The
weave
is
sateen
or
twill
construction
with
extra
fillings
for
long
floats.
It
does
not
resemble
true
chinchilla
fur.
Has
small
nubs
on
the
surface
of
the
fabric
which
are
made
by
the
chinchilla
machine.
It
attacks
the
face
and
causes
the
long
floats
to
be
worked
into
nubs
and
balls.
Cotton
warp
is
often
used
because
it
cannot
show
from
either
side.
Made
in
medium
and
heavy
weights
and
has
very
warm
and
cozy
fabrics.
It
takes
its
name
from
Chinchilla
Spain
where
it
was
invented.
It
is
used
in
cotton,
for
baby’s
blankets
and
bunting
bags.
Chino
Cotton
with
a
twill
weave.
It
is
combined
of
two-‐ply
warp
and
filling
that
has
a
sheen
that
remains.
The
fabric
was
purchased
in
China
(thus
the
name)
by
the
U.S.
Army
for
uniforms.
Originally
used
for
army
cloth
in
England
many
years
before
and
dyed
olive-‐drab.
The
fabric
is
mercerized
and
sanforised,
and
washes
and
wears
extremely
well
with
a
minimum
of
care.
It
is
used
in
army
uniforms,
summer
suits
and
dresses,
sportswear.
Colorfastness
A
fabric’s
ability
to
withstand
environmental
exposure,
dry
cleaning
and
laundering
without
fading
or
bleeding.
Colorfastness
depends
on
the
types
of
fiber,
dye
and
treatment
used
to
set
the
color.
Corduroy
Cotton,
rayon,
and
other
textile
fibers,
with
filling
Pile
with
both
plain
and
twill
back.
It
is
made
with
an
extra
filling
yarn,
and
is
in
the
velvet
family
of
fabrics.
It
has
narrow
medium
and
wide
Wales,
thick
and
thin
or
checkerboard
patterns
and
has
to
be
cut
all
one
way
with
pile
running
up.
Most
of
it
is
washable
and
wears
very
well.
It
also
has
a
soft
luster.
It
is
used
in
children’s
clothes
of
all
kinds,
dresses,
jackets,
skirts,
suits,
slacks,
sportswear,
men’s
trousers,
jackets,
bedspreads,
draperies,
and
upholstery.
Cotton
A
natural
vegetable
fiber
of
great
economic
importance
as
a
raw
material
for
cloth.
Its
widespread
use
is
largely
due
to
the
ease
with
which
its
fibers
are
spun
into
yarns.
Cotton’s
strength,
absorbency,
and
capacity
to
be
washed
and
dyed
also
make
it
adaptable
to
a
considerable
variety
of
textile
products.
It
is
one
of
the
world’s
major
textile
fibers.
It
is
made
from
bushy
plants.
The
immature
flower
bud,
called
a
square,
blooms
and
develops
into
an
oval
fruit
called
a
boll
that
splits
open
at
maturity,
revealing
a
mass
of
long
white
hairs,
called
lint,
that
cover
the
numerous
brown
or
black
seeds.
There
are
four
main
types
of
cotton:
American
Upland,
Egyptian,
Sea
Island
and
Asiatic.
The
flowers
from
which
these
different
types
of
cotton
are
obtained
vary
in
color
and
texture,
thus
providing
each
type
of
cotton
with
varying
characteristics.
Cotton,
in
general,
is
very
elastic.
It
can
withstand
high
temperatures,
has
high
wash
ability
and
is
very
susceptible
to
dyes.
Cotton
Duck
Heavy
woven
cotton
canvas
treated
to
be
water
resistant.
Crepe
Woolen,
worsted
cotton,
silk,
and
man-‐made
synthetics,
with
a
mostly
plain,
but
various
weaves.
tt
is
a
fine
often
gauzelike
fabric
with
a
wrinkled
surface
that
has
a
crinkled,
puckered
surface
or
soft
mossy
finish.
It
comes
in
different
weights
and
degrees
of
sheerness
that
is
dull
with
a
harsh
dry
feel.
Woolen
Crepes
are
softer
than
worsted.
If
it
is
fine,
it
drapes
well.
It
also
has
very
good
wearing
qualities
with
a
very
slimming
effect.
Depending
on
weight,
it
is
used
for
dresses
of
all
types,
including
long
dinner
dresses,
suits,
and
coats.
Crepe
de
Chine
Silk
warp
and
Crepe
twist
silk
filling
25
x
22
with
more
ends
than
picks
per
inch.
It
has
a
soft
hand
and
considerable
luster
made
of
raw
silk
or
rayon.
It
is
easy
to
manipulate
and
handle
and
is
very
long
wearing.
Most
of
it
launders
well.
It
is
fairly
sheer
and
could
be
piece
dyed
or
printed.
It
has
a
slight
rippled
texture.
Heavy
Crepe
de
chine
is
called
“Canton
Crepe”
which
is
slightly
ribbed
and
now
mostly
made
in
rayon.
Crepe-‐Back
Satin
Satin
weave
on
the
face
and
a
Crepe
effect
on
the
back
obtained
with
twisted
Crepe
yarns
in
the
filling
–
2
or
3
times
as
many
ends
as
picks
per
inch.
It
is
a
soft
fabric
which
is
reversible
and
is
usually
piece
dyed.
Very
interesting
effects
can
be
obtained
in
a
garment
by
using
both
sides,
in
different
parts,
such
as
the
Crepe
side
for
the
body
and
trim
or
binding
with
the
satin
part
up.
It
is
used
in
dresses,
blouses,
linings,
and
after
5
wear.
Crinoline
It
is
a
very
loosely
woven
fiber
with
high
rigidity.
It
is
smooth,
stiff,
and
has
excellent
strength.
It
comes
in
a
variety
of
shades
from
white
to
black.
It
is
used
for
stiffening
and
making
interlining
for
hat
shapes.
Damask
Linen,
silk,
rayon,
cotton,
synthetics,
wool,
and
worsteds
that
is
figured
on
Jacquard
loom.
Originally
made
of
silk,
that
came
to
us
from
China
via
Damascus.
In
the
13th
Century,
Marco
Polo
gave
an
interesting
tale
about
it.
It
is
one
of
the
oldest
and
most
popular
cloths
to
be
found
today.
Very
elaborate
designs
are
possible.
Cloth
is
beetled,
calendared
and
the
better
qualities
are
gross-‐bleached.
It
is
very
durable
and
a
reversible
fabric
that
sheds
dirt.
The
firmer
the
texture,
the
better
the
quality.
Launders
well
and
holds
a
high
luster,
particularly
in
linen.
Price
range
varies
a
great
deal.
Denim
Cotton
with
a
twill
weave.
It
originally
had
dark
blue,
brown
or
dark
gray
warp
with
a
white
or
gray
filling
giving
a
mottled
look
and
used
only
for
work
clothes.
Now
woven
in
bright
and
pastel
colors
with
stripes
as
well
as
plain,
it
is
long
wearing,
resists
snags
and
tears,
and
comes
in
heavy
and
lighter
weights.
It
is
used
in
work
clothes,
overalls,
caps,
uniforms,
bedspreads,
slipcovers,
draperies,
upholstery,
sportswear,
of
all
kinds,
dresses
and
has
even
been
used
for
evening
wear.
Down
The
soft
under
feathers
of
geese
and
ducks.
Naturally
warm,
soft,
and
lightweight
when
dry,
but
useless
when
wet;
used
in
insulated
garments
and
sleeping
bags.
Down
provides
the
best
insulator
compared
to
weight
and
is
also
the
most
compressible
of
all
insulations.
Dyeing
The
coloring
of
greige
(gray)
goods
or
fibers
with
either
natural
or
synthetic
dyes.
This
may
be
done
in
many
different
ways
depending
on
the
type
of
fabric
(or
fiber),
the
type
of
dye,
and
the
desired
result.
Some
of
the
more
common
methods
are:
Continuous
Dyeing
–
Fabric
is
continuously
dyed.
Dye
lots
may
run
to
30.000
yards/color.
Jet
Dyeing
–
Used
for
dyeing
Polyester.
Pressure
kettles
are
used
to
reach
extremely
high
temperatures
and
force
the
dye
into
the
fiber.
Milliken
Dyeing
–
Developed
by
Milliken
&
Company
for
continuous
pattern
dyeing.
Piece
Dyeing
–
Fabric
is
passed
through
the
dye
solution
for
a
specified
length
of
time.
Printing
–
A
term
referring
to
methods
of
applying
designs
to
greige
goods.
Some
types
of
printing
are
roller
printing,
screen
printing,
and
handblocked
printing.
Solution
Dyeing
–
A
solution
of
dye
is
added
to
the
liquid
synthetic
before
spinning
it
into
a
yarn.
Vat
Dyeing
–
An
insoluble
dye
that
has
been
made
soluble
is
put
on
the
fiber
and
then
oxidized
to
the
original
insoluble
form.
Average
dye
lot
700
yards.
Yarn
Dyeing
–
Yarn
is
dyed
before
it
is
woven
into
fabric.
Cationic
Dyeing
–
A
dye
technique
that
allows
certain
fibers
(like
nylon,
or
polyester)to
take
deep
and
brilliant
colors.
When
catonic
fiber
is
fixed
with
conventional
fiber,
various
multicolors
and
cross-‐dye
effects
can
be
achieved
from
a
single
dye
bath.
Elastomer
It
is
a
synthetic
rubber
that
can
be
stretched
to
at
least
three
times
its
original
length.
Once
the
exerted
pull
force
is
released,
this
fiber
returns
to
its
original
length.
Felt
Wool,
reprocessed
wool,
reused
wool,
scrap
fiber,
that
can
be
mixed
with
other
fibers,
cotton,
and
rayon
that
is
not
woven
but
felted.
It
is
a
very
compact
fabric
in
various
weights
and
thicknesses
that
has
grain
so
can
be
cut
any
way.
It
needs
no
hemming
or
finishing,
because
it
does
not
fray.
It
has
many
industrial
uses,
such
as:
piano
hammers
and
in
the
printing
industry.
Many
novelties,
such
as:
pennants,
slippers,
lining
of
many
kinds,
insoles,
and
toys,
hats
and
felt
skirts.
Flax
This
fiber
is
taken
from
the
stalk
of
the
Linum
usitaatissimum
plant.
It
is
a
long,
smooth
fiber
and
is
cylindrical
in
shape.
Its
color
is
usually
off-‐white
or
tan
and
due
to
its
natural
wax
content,
flax
has
excellent
luster.
Its
wash
ability
is
great,
however,
it
has
poor
elasticity
and
does
not
easily
return
to
its
original
shape
after
creasing.
It
is
mainly
used
as
apparel
fabric.
When
processed
into
fabric
it
is
called
linen.
It
is
also
used
for
tablecloths,
napkins,
doilies,
twine,
aprons,
fishing
tackle,
and
nets.
Fleece
Wool,
specialty
hair
fibers,
and
cotton
with
a
weave
that
is
plain,
twill,
pile
or
knitted.
It
has
a
deep,
soft
nap
or
pile,
obtained
by
heavily
napping
with
wire
brushes
or
with
a
pile
weave.
This
provides
air
space
giving
good
insulating
properties
without
too
much
weight.
The
interlacings
are
well
covered
by
the
nap.
The
nap
wears
out
in
time,
but
good
quality
cloth
gives
good
wear.
It
ranges
from
cheap
to
expensive
clothes.
The
material
is
often
cumbersome
and
bulky,
therefore
it
may
be
difficult
to
manipulate.
Also,
the
name
for
the
entire
coat
of
wool
taken
from
a
sheep
at
shearing
time.
It
is
mostly
used
for
coats
for
men,
women,
and
children.
Gabardine
Worsted
cotton,
rayon,
or
mixtures
with
a
steep
twill.
It
is
a
smooth
durable
twill-‐woven
cloth
especially
of
worsted,
spun
rayon
or
cotton.
It
has
a
clear
finish,
tightly
woven,
firm,
durable,
that
is
rather
lustrous.
It
can
be
given
a
dull
finish.
It
has
single
diagonal
lines
on
the
face,
with
raised
twill.
It
wears
extremely
well
and
also
comes
in
various
weights
inclined
to
shine
with
wear.
It
can
b
hard
to
press
properly.
It
is
used
in
men’s
and
women’s
tailored
suits,
coats,
raincoats,
uniforms,
and
men’s
shirts.
Gingham
Cotton,
man-‐made,
and
synthetics
with
a
plain
weave.
The
yarn-‐dyed
plain
weave
cotton
fabric
is
usually
striped
or
checked
of
medium
or
fine
yarns
of
varying
quality
that
are
used
to
obtain
the
checks,
plaids,
stripes,
and
plain
effects.
The
cloth
is
yarn
dyed
or
printed.
The
warp
and
the
filling
are
usually
balanced
and
if
checks
of
two
colors,
usually
same
sequence
in
both
the
warp
and
the
filling.
It
is
strong,
substantial,
and
serviceable.
It
launders
well
but
low
textured,
cheap
fabric
may
shrink
considerably
unless
pre-‐shrunk.
It
has
a
soft,
dull
luster
surface
that
wrinkles
unless
wrinkle-‐resistant.
Tissue
or
zephyr
ginghams
are
sheer
being
woven
with
finer
yarns
and
a
higher
thread
count.
It
is
used
in
dresses,
blouses,
for
both
women
and
children,
trimmings,
kerchiefs,
aprons,
beach
wear,
curtains,
bedspreads,
and
pajamas.
Hemp
Common
name
for
an
Asian
annual
herb
(Cannabis),
and
also
for
its
strong,
pliable
fibers.
Hemp
stems
are
hollow
and
have
a
fibrous
inner
bark.
The
fibers
from
this
bark
are
used
to
make
a
great
variety
of
textile
products,
including
coarse
fabrics,
ropes,
sailcloth,
and
packing
cloth.
Soft
fibers,
used
for
making
clothing
fabrics
in
Asia,
are
obtained
from
hemp
harvested
at
the
time
of
pollination;
strong,
coarse
fibers
are
obtained
from
mature
plants.
The
fibers
are
removed
and
processed
by
methods
similar
to
those
used
in
processing
flax.
The
fiber
is
dark
tan
or
brown
and
is
difficult
to
bleach,
but
it
can
be
dyed
bright
and
dark
colors.
The
thermal
reactions
of
hemp
and
the
effect
of
sunlight
are
the
same
as
for
cotton.
Hemp
is
moth
resistant,
but
it
is
not
impervious
to
mildew.
Coarse
hemp
fibers
and
yarns
are
woven
into
cordage,
rope,
sacking
and
heavy-‐duty
tarpaulins.
In
Italy,
fine
hemp
fibers
are
used
for
interior
design
and
apparel
fabrics.
Herringbone
Twill
It
was
named
after
the
skeleton
of
the
Herring
as
this
is
what
the
fiber
pattern
resembles.
It
is
usually
created
in
wool
and
has
varying
qualities.
It
is
also
known
as
Arrowhead.
It
is
used
in
suitings,
top
coatings,
and
sports
coats.
Jacquard
A
woven
design
made
with
the
aid
of
a
jacquard
head
(this
constitutes
a
jacquard
loom)
and
may
vary
from
simple,
self-‐colored,
spot
effects
to
elaborate,
multicolored
all-‐over
effects.
The
loom
operates
a
bit
like
the
roller
on
a
player
piano.
But
instead
of
notes,
it
gives
instructions
to
the
machine
on
how
to
create
the
design.
Jersey
Wool,
worsted,
silk,
cotton,
rayon,
and
synthetics.
Knitted
on
circular,
flat-‐bed
or
warp
knitted