Đánh giá tài nguyên du lịch nhân văn ở tỉnh thừa thiên huế

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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of this research
Tourism is growing rapidly, bringing high socio - economic and
environmental efficiency of many countries in over the world. Tourism
has become the key economic sector in Viet Nam thanks to divers and
abundant tourism resource. The fact of tourism growth in our country
shows that a proper and judicious evaluating and exploitating not only
promote economic development but also contribute on conserving stable
resource.

Thua Thien - Hue (TTH) is one of the few regions which have
divers and abundant tourism resources, especially the special and
high humanity tourism resources. This is the land of history,
culture, and the political, culture, economic center of our country in
more than 3 centuries. Nowadays, TTH still remains many cultural
heritages which feature for spirit and wisdom of Vietnamese race,
becomes the precious heritage of the nation and one of its’
important part was recognized as a cultural heritage of the world.
The fact is that the humanity tourism resource exploitation in
over decade achieved many accomplishments but its' economic
efficiency is still poor due to monotonous tourism products and
mainly exploiting some resources belonging the Complex of Hue
Monuments. Therefore, inventorying and evaluating tourism exploiting
possibility for resource is necessary in order to have rational and more
effective exploiting orientations and solutions in the future. That is the
reasons for the author to choose the research project: “The evaluation of
humanity tourism resource in Thua Thien - Hue province” for my
Geography doctoral thesis.
2. Literature review
In the world, the theoretical and practical issues of humanity tourism

resource and evaluating them have been mentioned in many studies such as:
Cultural resources for Tourism: Models, process and Policy, Myriam Jansen
- Verbeke et el (2008); Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the
World Heritage Convention, UNESCO (2001); Sustainable Tourism
Management , John Swarbrooke (2000), Linking communities tourism and
conservation - A tourism assessment process, Elleen Guierrez,… In Vietnam,
the theories of humanity tourism resource has been mainly researched in


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geographical aspect with a special meaningful study: “Viet Nam tourism
geography", Nguyen Minh Tue (chef editor, 2000). Many studies tend toward
organizing tourism territory and evaluating tourism resource, including
arranging humanity tourism resource in local and provincial scale.
Humanity tourism resources in TTH are considered in many aspects:
History, culture, architecture, art, religion,… Plans on tourism development,
assessment of tourism resources, plans on tourism territory, evaluation of
cultural - historical relics,… have been provided a lot of information and
hints for the author.

Generally, humanity tourism resources and evaluating them are
interested and researched in many different aspects. However,
evaluating comprehensively on humanity tourism resources of TTH
according to tourism resource sites have not had anystudy researched
systematically.
3. Research object and tasks
3.1. Research object
The thesis aims to assess humanity tourism resources of Thua
Thien - Hue province. Basing on the findings to propose
recommendations on orientations and solutions to exploit effectively

humanity tourism resources and satisfy sustainably growth requirements
of TTH tourism in the future.
3.2. Research tasks
- To review key theoretical and practical issues related to humanity
tourism resources, evaluating humanity tourism resources to apply them
to concrete conditions of the research area.
- To identify suitable criteria to assess humanity tourism resources
in TTH province;
- To analyze characteristics of humanity tourism resources in TTH;
- To evaluate humanity tourism resources sites of TTH for tourism
development.
- To analyze situation of exploiting humanity tourism resources in
TTH.
- To propose orientation of developing toward tourist sites, routes
and solutions in order to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources
in TTH in the future.
4. Research scope


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Content scope:
- The thesis focus on inventorying, analyzing generally humanity
tourism resources in TTH, including cultural - historical relics; festivals;
objects related to ethnology; traditional craft villages; objects of cultural,
sports and other awareness activities.
- Comprehensive scale method is used to evaluate resrearch

objects that are fixed space objects. Basing on resources inventory
and to set off traditional specific values of TTH province, the thesis
chooses resource sites to assess upon comprehensive scale.

+ Cultural - historical relics: The thesis assesses all of rated relics
+ Traditional craft villages: The thesis assesses traditional craft
villages oriented on tourism developing, which is belong to Project “The
plan on craft and craft village growth in TTH boundary to 2020 and
orientation to 2025” and some traditional craft villages that are attractive
for tourists at present.
+ Festivals, tourism subjects related to ethnology, cultural, sport
and other awareness objects: The thesis assesses resources attracted to
tourists.
- The humanity tourism resource sites have comprehensive
assessment consequence with medium level or more will be conducted
to plan exploitation orientation by tourism sites and routes.
Spatial scope: The thesis analyzes generally humanity tourism
resources and evaluates humanity tourism resource sites within boundary
of TTH’s territory, and plans orientation of exploiting them not only
within space of the province but also linked to the neighboring provinces.
Time scope: The thesis evaluates humanity tourism resources of
TTH at present, studies on situation of tourism growth and exploities
humanity tourism resources of TTH in the period of 2000 - 2013 and
proposes orientations, solutions to exploit effectively resources till
2030.
5. Research approaches and methods
- The five research approaches were used as follows: synthetic,
systematic, spatial, historical - perspective and sustainable development
- The following methods were applied: secondary data collection;
survay research; expertise; statistics; field trip; map-GIS; SWOT
analysis

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6. Contributions and New Findings

- Having contributed to clarify the theory of humanity tourism
resources and humanity tourism resources assessment, on that
basis, the thesis have established procedure, theory framework to
assess them.
- Having introduced system of criteria, indicators and weights
of criteria for evaluating humanity tourism resources.
- Having set off the value of humanity tourism resources in
TTH and spatial differentiation of resources; identifing capacity of
exploiting humanity tourism resources of the province to base for
constructing orientation to exploit resources to offer tourism
development more suitably.
- Analyzed the advantages and difficulties of exploiting
humanity tourism resources in TTH under the view of state
administration agencies (management sector), tourism companies
and tourists
- Having proposed some orientations and solutions in order to
exploit effectively resources to promote tourism development in
TTH untill 2030.
7. Research structure
Apart from the introduction and conclusions, references and
appendices, the content of the thesis consists of three chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical background of evaluating
humanity tourism resources.
Chapter 2: Humanity tourism resources and evaluating humanity
tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue.
Chapter 3: Orientations and solutions to exploit effectively
humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue

CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
BACKGROUND OF EVALUATING HUMANITY TOURISM
RESOURCES
1.1. Theoretical background


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1.1.1. Some basis concepts
- Tourism means activities connected with trips taken by
people outside their habitual residences aimed at satisfying their
needs for sightseeing, study, leisure or recreation in a certain
period of time
- Tourists means a person who travels for either tourism or for
other purposes combined with tourism, except for those who go to
study, work or practice their professions to get paid at the places
of destination
- Tourist product means a combination of necessary services
provided in order to meet the needs of tourists during a trip
- Tourism types is a set of tourist products having the same
identities of needs, motives, customers, distributing wa , organizing
way, cost,...

- Tourism resources means natural landscapes, natural
elements, historical or cultural relics, works of creative human labor
or humanity values which can be utilized to meet tourist needs and
constitute a fundamental factor to form tourist resorts, tourist spots,
tourist routes or tourist cities
- Tourist site and tourism resource site: Tourism resource site
considered as places that have some types of tourism resources. Tourist

spot are places that are attractive tourism resources and being exploited
to offer tourists’ visit needs.
1.1.2 Humanity tourism resources
1.1.2.1. Definition: Humanity tourism resource includes cultural

traditions and factors, folk art, historical relics, revolutions,
archeological works, architectures, labour works of human
creativities and the other intangible and tangible cultural heritages,
can be used for tourism purposes.

1.1.2.2. Characteristic: Humanity tourism resources have the
following characteristics: Universality; specificity; diversity and
abundance; tangible and intangible valuation; difference in exploiting
time; restorableness, changeability and creatability; centralization and
accessibility; more cognitive than entertaining and resting.
1.1.2.3. Classify: Humanity tourism resources are divided into
following groups: Cultural - historical relics, festivals, subbject


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sassociated ethnology, traditional craft villages, other cultural, sport
objects and awareness activities. Also, humanis recognized with the
honour equivalent with the value levels of world, nation….).
1.1.3. Evaluating humanity tourism resources
1.1.3.1. Approaches of evaluating humanity tourism resources
Evaluation orientations: Quantities and qualitative
Evaluation process: There are 3 steps: building evaluation scale,
conducting evaluation and assessting consequence
1.1.3.2.
Criteria and indicators to assess humanity tourism resources

* Choosing criteria: There are 6 criteria used to evaluate humanity
tourism resources to apply to TTH provinces as follows: Attractiveness,
accessibility, connectiveness, conservation level, exploitation time and
tourist carrying capacity.
Grade level indicators: Humanity tourism resource sites are
assessed into five level as follows
Table 1.1. Grade assessment criteria of humanity tourism resources
Criteria
Grade level
1. Attractiveness
Very attractive
Tourism resource rank and
The tourism
famous level toward tourist. resource
placesthat its’
reputation and
value exceed
over Vietnamese
territory, are
well-known in
over the world
or are worldranked level and
dosmeticallywel
lknown.

2. Accessibility
- Distance
From resource sites to
provincial administration
center

- Vehicles
Number of vehicles
Quality of road
Percent of roads with asphalt
- Approach time
Average time to travel from the
center to resource sites
3. Connectiveness
Number of vicinal resource
locatons
4. Conservation level

Attractive
- Tourism resource
placesare ranked from
special nation- rank
updown and its’
reputation , value is
wellknow in the coutry ;
or are world-ranked and
wellknown in the
province.
-Tourism resource places
which have not been
ranked are considered
attractive if the reputation
and value are
dosmetically wellknown

Medium

- Tourism resource
sites are worldranked but their
reputation and value
is just well- known by
local tourists or
districted tourists or
tourists of neighbor
districs;
-For unranked
resource sites, their
reputation and value
must be well-known
by provincial tourists.

Less attractive
Tourism resource sites are
nationally ranked but their
reputation and value are
just well-known by local
tourists; or resource sites
are nationally ranked and
their reputation and value
are well-known by
districted tourists or
tourist of neighbor
districts
For unranked resource
sites, their reputation and
value must be well-known
by local tourists.

Very
advantageous
Very near
Under 10kms

Advantageous

Medium

Less advantageous

Unattractive
Tourism resource sites
are nationally ranked or
povincially ranked but
their reputation and
value are well-known by
local tourists; or resource
sites are princially
ranked and their
reputation and value are
well-known by districted
tourists or tourist of
neighbor districts
For unranked resource
sites, their reputation and
value are just wellknown by local tourists.
Disadvantageous

Near
Form 10 – 30 kms

Medium
Form 30 – 50 kms

Far
Form 50 – 70 kms

Very far
More than 70kms

Very many
5 verhicles
Very good
100%
Very short
< 30 minutes

Many
4 verhicles
Good
Form 90-100%
Short
From 30-60 minutes

Medium
3 verhicles
Medium
Form 80-90%

Medium
From 60-90 minutes

few
2 Verhicles
Bad
Form 70-80%
Long
From 90-120 minutes

Very few
1 Verhicle
Bery bad
<70%
Very long
< 120 minutes

Very good
≥ 5 sites

Good
4 sites

Medium
3 sites

Bad
2 sites

Bery bad

1 sites

Very high

High

Medium

low

Very low


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Status of works or Situation
of craft village work

Intact or nearly
Quiet intact resource and
intact resource;
they still remain their
craft villages are genius and identities
in good operation

5. Tourist carrying capacity
Number of arivals that can be
receive a day
6. Exploitation time
Number of day to organize
tourism activities

Very large
≥ 500
person/day
Very long

Large
From 300-500
person/day
Long

≥ 250 days/year

200-250 days/year

•

Some geniuses and
identities of
resources are losing;
craft villages operate
perfunctorily
Medium
Form 200-300
person/day
Medium
Form 150-200
days/year

Most of geniuses and

identities of resources are
losing ; craft villages
almost not operate and are
in danger of losing
Low

Which almost unexist or
unexist in the field or are
lost (for the craft)
Very low

Form 100-200 person/day
Under 100 Person/day
Short
Form 100-150 people/day
days/year

Very short
Under 100 days/year

* Weights: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to
determine the weights of criteria through 8 experts’ review.
Consequently, the weights of criteria are listed as follows:
Attractiveness - 0,32; Accessibility - 0,19; Connectiveness - 0,13;
Conservation level - 0,22; Tourist carrying capacity - 0,06 and
Exploitation time - 0,08.
* Partial and synthetic assessment ladder
- Every criteria is divided into 5 levels with the equivalent score
from the top down is 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
- The consequence of humanity tourism resource assessment is

divided into five classes equavelent with exploitation capacity of very
high, high, medium, low, very low.
1.2. Practical backgrounds
The implementation practice of humanity tourism resources
evaluation in the world: Organizations and nations in the world such as
Egypt, Canada, Romani, Philippines, Cambodia,… are very interested in
humanity tourism resources assessment for preservation, exploitation for
tourism development and planning. UNESCO is the most prestigious
organization and brings global value for resources with world cultural
heritages and other hornourable names as intangible cultural heritages of
human and world document heritages. Besides, international organizations
and websites such as New Open World Corporation (NOWC), CNN
travel,... assess resources according to votes for world wonder, tasty foods,
… basing on opinions of tourist and the people.
The implementation practice of humanity tourism resources
evaluation in Vietnam: Assessment to rate resources value has been
carried out on a nation scale and in the provinces and cities to base serve
as base for resources preservation and promotion for tourism. In the
tourism development plans and strategies for country, regions and areas,


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humanity tourism resources inventory and assessment are the growth
power which base for building orientations and solutions of tourism.
Some issues of humanity tourism resources assessment: Resources
assessment bases for planning tourism development, building steering
overviews and principles for tourism inventory, assessment and
management, establishing professional research organizations of
assessment and prioritized investment
in resources exploitation,

promoting resources value associated with preservation, coordination
between administration agencies and local community in resources
management, exploitation and preservation
CHAPTER 2: HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES AND
EVALUATION OF HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES IN
THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE
2.1. Introduction on Thua Thien - Hue
2.1.1. Location and territory
Thua Thien Hue locates in the center of the most wealthy world
heritage region of our country with area of 5.033,2ha. The geographic
situation benefits for TTH to be approached and connect with
international tourism routes and nations by land, airline, waterways and
railways.
2.1.2. Natural condition
2.1.2.1. Topography: The diverseterrains of mountain, hill, plain,
lagoon, sea has create precondition for diversifying tourism types.
However, the geographic situation also causes some difficulties for
construction of technological infrastructures and facilities for tourism .
2.1.2.2. Climate: TTH has a quiet cold winter, a hot summer
undertaked the influence of “Lao wind” (foehn wind in central of Viet
Nam). The annual rainfall is high with great rainy days and frequent
floods. Generally, the climate of TTH has less advangtages for outdoor
ctivities, rest, especially in the rainy season.
2.1.2.3. Hydrological network: Hydrological network in TTH has
elements sufficiently: Rivers and streams; pools, lakes, lagoons... which
not only provide water for tourism activities and landscape but also have
function of curing.


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2.1.2.4. Biology: The ecosystem in TTH is various. Creature of TTH is
both specific tourism resources and food provider which offer the needs
of enjoying fresh and special food of tourists.
2.1.3. Socio-economic condition
2.1.3.1. Scale, structure and growth of GDP: GDP scale of TTH has
grown rapidly, shifted toward industrialization-mordenization and had
significantly serviced focusing. The situation of economic growth
contributes to promote the development of tourism: Stimulating needs,
expanding tourism market and increasing capacity to satisfy tourist’s
needs.
2.1.3.2. Infrastructure: Infrastructure system in TTH has been
completed to contribute to strengthen living quality of the people and
create advantages for tourism growth.
2.1.3.2. Population and labour resources: Population of TTH is 1,12
millions with 6 ethnic groups in 2013. These ethnic groups have special
traditional culture which can be exploited for tourism growth. Hard working and profuse labour resources of TTH also benifits for tourism
growth.
2.1.3.3. Urban network: Urban system in TTH disputs rationally and
develops rapidly to create advantageous condition to approach and
connect tourism resource sites together. Urban system also provides
technological facility systems, services for tourism activity.
2.1.3.4. Policy, institution and capital: Policies and institutions are
suitable and comfortable to facilitate to attract capital and promote
tourism growth. However, the limitation of administration causes some
difficulties for interprises and using capital is not very effectively.
2.1.3.5. Territory development and exploitation history: TTH
concentrates many briliant cultures, was a polistic center for more 3
centuries which left diverse and specific cultural heritages in TTH
territory.
2.2. Humanity tourism resources in ThuaThien Hue

2.2.1. Cultural – historical heritages
TTH has 140 ranked cultural-historical heritages till 2013. The
average distance among these heritages is 6.0 kms. Many heritages have
special value, especially the Complex of Ancient Hue relics which is
recognized as a world cultural heritage. Hue city has the most dense and


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valuable relic density.
2.2.1.1. Archaelogical relics: Many valuable archaeological relics of
Champa culture and Ancient Hue relics groups are still remained in
TTH. Xa Tac esplanade, temple backgrands, Champa towers,…
2.2.1.2. Historical relics: 89 historical relics were ranked till 2013 with
42 nation - ranked relics.
2.2.1.3. Art and architectural relics of TTH have special value,
including palaces, citadels, tombs, old villages, pagodas,... The seven of
them were regconignized as world cultural heritages.
2.2.1.4. Landmark: TTH has many beautiful natural landscapes which
are in harmony with cultural works to form attractive tourism places for
tourists.
2.2.2. Festivals: There are 93 festivals organized annually in TTH.
Besides the traditional folk festivals, the court festivals also have special
attraction to tourists. In addition, TTH organizes many other attractive
and morden festivals such as: Hue festival, traditional craft festival,…
2.2.3. Subjects related to ethnology
* Hue music has abundant types and attractive content. Nha Nhac
was recognized as a world intangible cultural heristage by UNESCO.
Ca Hue was also regcognized as a nation intangible cultural heritage.
* Hue food with luxurious style of court or simple style of folk are

always attractive colour and taste. Therefore, Hue food is considered as
a tourism resource and the content of most trips to Hue.
* Hue lifestyle: Hue lifestyle associates with harmonious and
charming nature which has make an emotive soul, simple - minded and
profound characteristics. The tenderness, shyness and discreet of Hue
girls has contributed to raising the romance of Hue.
* Other tourism objects: West of TTH is living locality of ethnic
groups of Ta Oi, Co Tu,... These communities have their unique ethnic
shades in working, living and customs and habits. These values make a
great attration toward tourist and contribute to diverstify local tourrism
products.
2.2.4. Traditional craft villages: There are many traditional craft and
handicraft villages which still remain such as casting copper, Sinh village
paintings, Thanh Tien paper flower,…These craft villages are available


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tourism resources which are potential to develop tourism products such as
craft village tourism, types of souvernirs.
2.2.5. Other cultural, sport subjects and awareness activities.
Musiums, special cultural works, economic, cultural and sport
events,… are the valuable resources of tourism of the province.
2.3. Evaluating humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue

According to experts, the criteria of attraction play a prior role
toward exploitation capacity and orientation of humanity tourism
resource. Therefore, the attraction of tourism resource sites are
evaluated priorly to eliminate resource places that have under average
point.
According to assessing attraction of 172 resource sites, the thesis

chooses 76 humanity tourism resource sites to assess to rank their
exploitation capacity including 44 cultural - historical relics, 4 festivals, 3
subjects related to ethnology, 10 traditional craft villages and other 15
cultural subjects. The ranking consequence of 76 humanity tourism

resource has 4 levels. The highest level is 5,0 (Thien Mu Pagoda
and Long An Palace) and the lowest one is 1,8 (Khe Tre victory
point).
To visualize the assessment consequence, make it easy to
follow ranked consequence, recognize strengths and disadvantages
of resource sites according to assessment criteria, the author
standardize datas by Max=100 method. On that basis, the author
chooses rada chart type to show assessment scores of component
criteria after standardizing and then divides resouces into groups as
follows:
Figure 2.3. The diagram of analyzing evaluation component criteria of humanity tourism
resources in TTH
Class I. resources
have very high
exploitation
capacity


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Class II.
Resources have
high exploitation
capacity

13

Class III.
Resources have
medium
exploitation
capacity

Class IV.
Resources have
low exploitation
capacity

Symbols of criteria:

V1: Attractiveness
V2: Accessibility
V3: Connectiveness

V4: Conservation level
V5: Tourist carrying capacity
V6: Exploitation time

- Class I. (Having very high exploitation capacity) There are 24
resources places with the rate of 31,6% and the average score of 4,7
points. Thien Mu Pagoda and Long An Palace are advantage to develove
tourism for max score in every criteria. Some resource places are limited
about conservation level and exploitation time. About disposing, more
than 60% of class I resources concentrate in Hue city. This is an

advantage for Hue city in particular and TTH in general to focus on
investing and developing tourism.
- Class II. (Having high exploitation capacity) This class has 34
resource placeswith the rate of 44,7% and the average score of 3,8. Many


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resource placeshaveadvandtageous exploitation capacity but are limited
for the degradation, damages or distance far from city center or
exploitation time.
- Class III. Humanity tourism resources which have medium
exploitation capacity includes 13 resource places with the rate of 17,1%
and the average score of 3,1. The resources belong to class III include 4
historical - cultural relics and 2 tracditional craft villages and most of
them are far from city center. These relics are available about history,
architecture, art,... However, the exploitation capacity for tourism
justreachs medium level because of the degradation and damage situation
of works and limitation in exploitation condition.
- Class IV. Including humanity tourism resources which are
potential to exploit with the rate of 6,6%. These resources have medium
attraction and less advantageous exploitation condition.
- Class V: This class includes humanity tourism resources that have
very low exploitation capacity. The resource placeswhich had been
assessed and ranked were pre-eliminated for attraction; consequently,
there is not any tourism resource point.
2.4. Situation of exploiting humanity tourism resources in TTH.
To analyze the situation of humanity tourism resources, the thesis collects
hierarchical documents from state administration agencies, tourism
companies and collects hierarchical datas of tourist feelings through
questionairs servey.

2.4.1. According to activities of state administration agencies and
tourism companies.
2.4.1.1. Tourism sites and routes
a. Having organized by state administration agencies: The
Monuments Conservation Centre manages and exploities directly the
relics belong to the Complex of Hue Monuments, including intangible
heritages Nguyen Dynasty. Ho Chi Minh museum of TTH organizes
visiting museum and relics of Ho Chi Minh in TTH. Center for Ca Hue

performance management and organization is the direct unit to
exploit Ca Hue on Huong River.
b. Having organized by tourism companies. Humanity tourism
resources sites has been exploited with a great deal to make up 47/52
of exploited tourism sites. The number of these sites which classify


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by types of resources are mainly art architecture relics. However, the
rate of ranked relics that have been exploited in comparison with the
total of cultural - historical relics is low.
- The appearance frequency of tourism sites in tourism
programs is unequal between relics belong to the Complex of Hue
Monuments (>50% frequency) and others. Tourism types are
simple, mainly pure visit program. Tourism routers and places are
mostly concentrately exploited in Hue city and surrounding areas.
2.4.1.2. The number of tourists and visit ticket receipts. The
number of arrivals to Hue monuments is continuously increasing
with the tourist growth rate reaching 6%/year and the receipt
growth rate reaching 15%/year in the period from 2000 till 2013.

2.4.1.3. Resource preservation, repairation and restoration:
Hundreds cultural- historical relics are preserved, repared and

restored; training and transmitting the profession of traditional arts
has brought many positive efficiencies in socio-economic aspect
to contribute to attract tourist and establish the interest of local
community.
2.4.1.4. Administration: The province has established the management
agencies for special humanity tourism resources. In additions, the

province has also carried out activities combined local community
in monument preservation.

Accordingly, the analyzation of exploitation situation of humanity
tourism resources has showed that the eploitation level among tourism
places is hugely different. Synthesis of humanity tourism resource
exploitation capacity and level is show in the table below:
Table 2.8. Synthesis table of humanity tourism resource exploitation capacity and level in TTH
Exploitation Orde
Tourism resources sites
capacity
r
1Imperial Palace
2Tu Duc Tomb
3Thien Mu pagoda
4Hue Capital Citadel
5Nam Giao Esplanade
6Long An Palace
Very high
7Imperial Academy

8An Dinh Palace
9Lac Tinh Gadern House
10Khai Dinh Tomb
11Thanh Toan Tile roofed Bridge
12Minh Mang Tomb
13Hon Chen Temple

Exploitation level
Very much Much Medium Little Very little


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High

Medium

14Sinh village wrestle festival
15Hon Chen Temple festival
16Ca Hue on Huong river
17Hue Copper casting craft village
18Sinh village painting
19Thanh Tien paper flower
20Thuy Xuan incense village
21Tu Hieu Pagoda
22Ho Chi Minh Museum
23An Hien garden house
24Dong Ba market
25Quoc Hoc high school
26 Souvenir house of Uncle Ho in 112 MaiThuc Loan

27Phan Boi Chau worship house, cemetery and tomb
28Duc Duc tomb
29Dong Khanh Tomb
30Ho Quyen Arena
31Xa Tac Esplanade
32Thieu Tri Tomb
33Gia Long Tomb
34Temple of Literature
35Nguyen Tri Phuong Tomb and worship house
36Phuoc Tich Ancient village
37Souvenir area of Nguyen Chi Thanh
38Duong No souvenir house
39Duong No temple
40My Khanh tower
41Thanh Duyen temple
42Phuoc Tich ceramic village
43Quan The Am festival
44Huyen Tran temple festival
45Akai 1 cultural Village
46Thuy Thanh Palm-leaf conical hat
47Zeng Textile in A Luoi
48Bao La Bamboo Knitting Craft Village
49Tu Dam pagoda
50Huyen Khong Son Thuong pagoda
51Bach Ma Monastery
52Huyen Tran cultural center
53Thien Lam pagoda
54Hai Van Gate
55Thien An monastery
56Phu Cam church

57Dong Chua Cuu The church
58Gac Trinh
59Ngo Dinh Can house and Nine trenche area
60Tinh Tam lake
61Voi Re temple
62Trung Ky Resident Superior building
63Ton That Thuyet worship palace
63Thu Le temple
65An Truyen village temple
66Ha Trung pagoda
67A Bia hill
68Doi cultural village
69My Xuyen carpentry village
70Loc Thuy melaleuca oil village
71Son Cha lighthouse


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Low

72Tombs of Lord Nguyen Hoang
73Thanh Trung pagoda
74Rock cave in Gion Mountain.
75Dong So-A Tuc tunnel
76Khe Tre victory place

The table 2.8 shows the suitableness between the assessment
consequence of humanity tourism resources and the situation of
resource exploitation. Concurrently, The table 2.8 shows that TTH

province still has geography for tourism development in the future.
2.4.2. According to perception of tourists.
Basing on special value of resources and situation of humanity
tourism places in TTH at present, the thesis focus on surveying perception
of foreign and dosmetic tourists with the two tourism groups and their own
questionnairs which includes cultural-historical relics and cultural
monuments (called cultural relic-monument) and traditional craft villages,
…
2.4.2.1. Characteristics of servey objects of origin, age, career,….
reflect closely to characteristics of tourists who visit Hue , which ensure
that interviewees can represent for the whole.

2.4.2.2. Trip information of tourist: Most of tourists who visit
Hue care about humanity tourism resources with more than ½
tourists visiting Hue at the first time, short time staying and
mainly self organizing.
2.4.2.3. Perception of tourists.Tourist feeling is assessed with 5

average value levels as follows: Form 1,00 to 1,80 points: Absolutely
disagree/Absolutely unsatisfied; from 1,81 to 2,60 points:
Disagree/Unsatisfied; from 2,61 to 3,40 points: Normal; from 3,42 to 4,20
points: Agree/Sastisfied; from 4,21 to 5,0 points: Agree/Sastisfied
completely
a. Perception about tourism programs: Most of tourist fell satisfied
with tourism programs with the average score of 3,5. This feeling level
is not high for a nation center of tourism as Hue.
b. Perception about tourism relic-amonument sites: Generally, tourists
feel satisfied with culturaltourism relic-monument places, especially
landcapse, architecture and historical value of resources. Howerver, the
number of tourists who are unsatisfied with invironmentalsanitation condition

and other supplimental services is still high. With the differences of culture, foreign
tourists appreciate these relics more than dosmetic tourists.


18
c. Perception about traditional craft village tourism sites: Most of
tourists feel satisfied; especially landscape, architecture, peaceful living
invironment and people temper are appreciated. Nevertheless, tourists
also feel less satisfied with supplement and noise when visiting those
craft villages. This is fit with appropriate with the situation of traditional
craft village tourism exploitation which is spoitaneous or invested with
small scale and unmethodical. American, Eropian, Australian and African
tourists appreciate the factors that reflect resource values rather than
Asian and dosmetic tourists. Besides that, products of traditional craft
village tourism places in TTH at present are still not appreciated both
about quality and style.
CHAPTER 3
ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO EXPLOIT
EFFECTIVELY.
HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES IN THUA THIEN – HUE
3.1. The basis to set up orientations.

3.1.1.Master plan on tourism development of Viet Nam and the
North Central region to 2020 and vision 2030: to define TTH as
the key area of tourism development and Hue as the biggest
tourism city of North Central.
3.1.2. Master plan on socio-economic development and master plan
on tourism development in TTH for the 2013-2020 period, vision
2030: to define tourism as the key economics, to connect tourism
growth with Hue cultural preservation.

3.1.3. Some achivements and limitations of TTH’s tourism: Tourism
operation is increasing in tourist, tourist infrastructure, tourist physical
and technical facilities and tourism human resource. However, tourism

operation still has many disadvantages in exploitating resources,
organizing, administer and planning development strategies.

3.1.4. Advantages and difficulties in humanity tourism resource
exploitation in ThuaThien Hue
SWOT matrix below shows the combination of strengths (S),
weaknesses (W) from the internal side of tourism and opportunities (O),
threats (T) from the ouside of exploiting humanity tourism resources to
develop tourism in TTH.


19
Table 3.2. Analyzing SWOT for humanity tourism resources in ThuaThien - Hue
Opportunities (O)
Threats (T)
O1: Needs to explore, other cultures of
T1: Eergence of world heritage in the
foreign and dosmetiec tourists.
country and other neighbor countries.
O2: political instability of other neighbored T2: Degradation of cultural tourism
countries.
relics, especially Hue cultural
O3: Hue is defined as the key of North
heritages under strong impacts off
Central and country about cultural tourism. invironmental factors (climate).
O4: Hue is defined as the festival city of

T3: Emergence of Da Nang tourism
Vietnam.
center.
O5 Many investors come to TTH
T4: Consumers are more and more
Fastidious ,quality requirement is
higher and higher.
Strengths (S)
Combination of strengths and
Combination of strengths and
S1: Humanity tourism resources are diverse
opportunities
threats
and abundant and potential to develop.
S1, 2, 3O1, 2, 3: focusing on developing
S1, 2, 3T2: To embellish and manage
S2: There are 2 world cultural heritages
cultural tourism type.
cultural historical relics
S3: Cultural-historical relics are highly
S1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6O1, 2, 3, 4, 5: To diversify tourism
S2, 11T1, 3: To promote trademark of
valuable with the dense denseity.
products associated with humanity
world heritage with beautiful
S4: Traditional craft villages have specific tourism resources
landscape
and famous products
S3, 9, 8O1: To promote exploiting tours
S9T1: To strengthen business

S5: Ethnic community culture is special
connected to humanity tourism resource
operation and tourism spread
S6: Food art is abundant
places
S4, 7, 10T1, 2: To promote local
S7: Profuse and knowledgeable humanity
S4O1: To promote strengths of traditional
manpower ,make special tourism
resource
villages associated tourism
products and participate tourism
S8: Variety of transportation types.
S5O1, 3, 4: To promote feature of ethnic
activities
S9: Tourist accommodation establishment
community culture
S6T3, 4: To enlist the incentive
and travel agencies system is quite perfect
S6, 10O1, 3, 4: To spread food art of Hue and
policies of government to invest to
S10: Tradition of being friendly and
Tradition of being friendly and hospitable
improve tourism product quality
hospitable of people
of people
S11: Beautiful resonance of landscape
S1,2, 3,4, 5,6 ,8, 9O2, 4: To promote trademark of
S12: Incentive policies for investment
specific festival city of Vietnam and the world

Weaknesses (W)
Combination of weaknesses and
Combination of weaknesses and
W1: Tourist restrain to visit Hue
opportunities
threats
W2: Many cultural historical relics are
W2, 5O3, 4, 5: To attract investment to
W1T1: To build tourism products
damaged and degraded
restoration of relics, specially world
and services for off-seasons
W3: Lack of guidlines of tourism
heritages
W2, 12T2: To socialize
information to cultural historical relics
W1,2, 4, 5O1: Constructing special tourism
management of local cultural
W4: Most of resource places have small
products by using strengths ofhumanity
historical relics
capacity
tourism resource , traditional craft
W5T1, 3: To invest to develop
W5: Traditional craft villages are in danger
villages, food art to attract tourists to
specific traditional craft villages
of losing.
tours exploring history and culture.
W2, 3, 4, 6, 7 T4: To invest focussingly

W6: Lack of tourist accommodation
W3, 6, 7O5: To attract investment to
to restore relics and improve service
establishments with high quality
tourism technological facility
quality to increase tourism serving
W7: Lack of entertaining services
construction projects with high quality
value
W8: Local people do tourism spontaneously
W5, 10O3, 4, 5: To support bussinesses and
W8, 10T3,4: To buildprior and
W9: Some tourism places without security
local people developing tourism
ecouragechanism to develop local
and silence
W8, 9O3, 4,: To strengthen management
tourism business establishment
W10: Indifference and unconfidence of local toward tourism operation
W8, 9, 11T4: to strengthen
people
W2, 12, 11O3, 4: To socialize resource in
management operation and
W11: Lack of connection in management and protection, restoration relics
connection of branches in
exploitation of humanity tourism resources
resource management and
W12: Limitation in taking care and
exploitation
protecting relics of local people

3.2. Orientations for effective exploitation of humanity tourism
resources in Thua Thien - Hue to offer tourism development till
2030


20

3.2.1. Overall orientations
Exploitation of humanity tourism resource has to pay attention
to orientations below: Must be appropriate with master plan on socioeconomic and tourism development; to spread tourism operation area; to
diversify tourism products; to attach tourism to raising traditional cultural
values of the nation; to attach to restoration and development of
resources; to orient toward sustainable development goals; to attach to
local community
3.2.2. Orientaion of exploitation by location
3.2.2.1. Scale orientation: According to the table 2,8, scale orientaion of
resource location is the comprehensive consequence of tourism
exploitation level (situation) and resource exploitation capacity
(potentiality), as followings:
Table 3.3: Scale orientation of humanity tourism resource exploitation
Exploitation level
Very much
Exploitation capacity
Very high
High
Medium
Notes:
National tourism
sites

Much

Medium

Little

Local tourism
sites

Very little

Potential
tourism sites

- Resource group oriented to become national tourism sites includes
Imperial Palace, Long An Palace, Tu Duc tomb, Thien Mu pagoda, Khai
Dinh tomb, Minh Mang tomb, Ca Hue on Huong river.
- Resource group oriented to become local toruismsites includes: Sinh
village wrestle, Hon Chen temple festival, Nam Giao esplanade, Thuy
Xuan incense village, An Dinh Palace, Thanh Toan tile roofed bridge , ...
- Potential tourism sites Other resources :
3.2.2.2. Orientation toward tourist product
With the goal of diversitifying tourism products and offered
capacity of humanity tourism resources, the thesis orient to tourism
product belove:
Table 3.4. Orienting tourism product associated with humanity tourism resources
Order
1
2

3
4
5
6

Tourism resources points

Imperial Palace
Tu Duc Tomb
Thien Mu Pagoda
Hue Capital Citadel
Nam Giao Esplanade
Long An Palace

Heritage

Visiting
revoluionary
historical
relics

Tourism products
Visiting and
learning cultural
Cultural
Festivals
historical,
tradition
celebrity

Traditional
craft villages

Religion
and spirit


21
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71

Imperial Academy
An Dinh Palace
Lac Tinh Gadern House
Khai Dinh Tomb
Thanh Toan Tile roofed Bridge
Minh Mang Tomb
Hon Chen Temple
Wrestle festival of Sinh village
Hon Chen Temple festival
Ca Hue on Huong river
Hue Copper casting craft village
Sinh village painting
Thanh Tien paper flower
Thuy Xuan incense village
Tu Hieu Pagoda
Ho Chi Minh museum

An Hien garden house
Dong Ba market
Quoc Hoc high school
Souvernir house in 112 Mia Thuc Loan
Phan Boi Chau worship house, cemetery
and tomb
Duc Duc tomb
Dong Khanh Tomb
Ho Quyen Arena
Xa Tac Esplanade
Thieu Tri Tomb
Gia Long Tomb
Temple of Literature
Nguyen Tri Phuong tomb and worship house
Phuoc Tich Ancient villgage
Souvenir area of Nguyen Chi Thanh
Duong No souvenir house
Duong No temple
My Khanh tower
Thanh Duyen temple
Phuoc Tich ceramic village
Quan The Am festival
Huyen Tran temple festival
Akai 1 cultural village
Thuy Thanh palm-leaf conical hat
Zeng textile in A Luoi
Bao La bamboo knitting craft village
Tu Dam pagoda
Huyen Khong Son Thuong pagoda
Bach Ma monastery

Huyen Tran Cultural Center
Thien Lam pagoda
Hai Van Gate
Thien An Monastery
Phu Cam church
Dong Chua Cuu The chuch
Gac Trinh
Ngo Dinh Can house and Nine trenche area
Tinh Tam lake
Voi Re temple
Trung Ky Resident Superior
Ton That Thuyet worship palace
Thu Le temple
An Truyen village temple
Ha Trung pagoda
A Bia hill
Doi cultural village
My Xuyen carpentry village
Loc Thuy melaleuca oil village
Son Cha lighthouse


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3.2.3. Oriontaion of exploitation by route
a. Provincial tourist routes

- Special subject tourism routes: Basing on constructed tourist
products, the thesis hasconstructed 7 special subject tourist routes
with 30 particular routes.
- Comprehensive tourist route: The thesis have constructed 3 routes

including: comprehensive routes on the North, South and West with 5
particular routes.
b. Extra-provincial tourist routes
- Interprovincial tourism routes On the North (connecting resources to
Quang Tri, Quang Binh) and on the North (connecting resource to Da
Nang and Quang Nam with 4 particular routes.
- National tourist route: Connecting to Lao and North East Thai

Lan by Lao Bao border gate (Quang Tri) or S3 and S10 border (A
Luoi)
3.3. Solutions for human tourism resource exploitation in TTH.
3.3.1. Mechanism solutions and policies associated with humanity
tourism resource exploitation
* Investment:

- To prioritize transportation infrastructure development to
create advantageous condition for connection of tourism sites and
contribute to dirvertify tourism products.
- To build mechanism to encourage capital investment to
develop infrastructure system, especially in rural areas.
- To increase investment budgets for promoting,
propagandising, advertising and scientific research and developing
human resource; prioritizing investment in research and
application of information technology in the management and
exploitation of humanity tourism resources and study activities to
preserve the value of resources.
* Taxation: To prioritize tax exemption and supportance in
order to change tourism investment structure to humanity tourism
resources which have not been exploited; to exempt tax and
support loans for souvernir production and traditional craft

villages.
* Entry and exit form: To reform administration procefures of


23

entry and exit, customs,… toward quickness and comfort; to carry
entry and exit without visa to create favourable conditions for
these operations in Chan May port and East West economic
corridor.
* Tourism socialization: To encourage performing socialization of
investment, preservation and relic restoration; to preserve and rebuild
festivals, folk cultural activities and traditional craft villages to offer
tourism growth.
3.3.2. Solutions for investment capital.
- To mobilize capitals from state budget toward shyncronony,
focusing on tourism sites, areas related to humanity torusim resources.

- To attract supplement capitals from international
organizations, especialy capitals supporting relics restoration
operation, projects supporting community tourism development,
rural and remote areas.
- To complete mechanism of investment management to
create comfortable invironment for tourism development
investment; to have supporting policies for interprises to invest to
tourism development.
- To build public information of tourism development for the
regions.
3.3.3. Solutions for promotion and adverstisement

- To establish and improve TTH tourism trademark associated
with features of cultural tourism potentiality and stable safety
environment
- To strengthen applying information technology to media
types such as tourism website, tourism electronic newspaper,
tourism electronic commerce,….
- To strengthen international cooperation in operation of Hue
heritage promotion, adverstisement and restoration.
- To carry out information and proganda programs in over
contry; to organize program to promote and develop market with
special subject in key markets.
- To organize and participate in foreign and dosmetic fairs,
workshop and exhibitions.
3.3.4. Solutions to preserve and promote value of resources


24

* Preservation:
- To cary out project of training and supporting community
development
- To strengthen inventory cultural heritages of the province.
- To consolidate administration and improve linking function
agencies together in resource preservation and exploitation
- To manage tourism operation in vitsit destinations, regularly
inspect, oversee and prevent activities violating resources.
To
organize
training
systematically

with
administrator,tourguideand interpreter team in resource location.
- To improve and support socialization, encourage
participation of local community in resource preservation and
promotion.
* Promotion of humanity tourism resource value
- Relics - Cultural monuments
+ Resources oriented to be national tourist sites: To invest and
improve technical material facilities (garage, toilets,
accomodations for tourists,…) toward modern, convenient; to
improve serving quality of staffs and diversify service types in
visit places.
+ Resources oriented to be local tourist sites: To spead
promotion and adverstisment; to mobilize investment capital for
infrastructure, to develop tourist source and stable income for
garden owners.
+ For potential tourism sites, to invest capital to restore
monuments, build infrastructure and technical material facilities
first; then to focus on promotion, adverstisement and construction
of new tourism programs.
- Traditional craft villages.
+ Capital: To carry out policies to support loan, promoting
commerce andtraning craft for people….
+ Market: Find output for traditional craft village products by
solutions as follows: To orient craft village production operation
appropriate with market demands, to participate in fairs and


25

exhibitions, to remain traditional craft villages in Hue and to
expand tours visiting craft villages.
+ To build trademark of traditional craft villages.
+ To establish concentrative craft village model in Hue city or in
regions.
+ To diverstify product styles; to encourage opening
exhibition place and selling traditional handicraft products in
region.
- Festivals: To mobilize capital from local budget,
socializational capital to research, restore and organize special
traditional festivals; to invest selectively big scale and featured
festivals; to speed up promotion and advertisement.
3.3.5. Solutions to protect environment and develop sustainably
- To exploit appropriately and avoid to cause pollution in
tourism sites,… by specific regulations, mechanism
- To inventory, supervise and forbid activities that damage relics
regularly and to create around landscape

- To establish specific regulations in order to attach rights and
obligations of the people to tourism operation.
- To coach profession for household, tourism worker; to
progate and mobilize awareness of preserving cultural identity to
the people.
3.3.6. Solutions to apply technology and science
- Technical and scientific application in management and operation
of tourism.
- To invest material facilities and information technology
application equipments in promotion and advertisement.
- To build manpower, focus on interbranch cooperation and expand
international relationship.

3.3.7. Solutions to connect and cooperate in human tourism resource
exploitation
- To strengthen connection in human tourism resource exploitation
between regions and other tourism regions through general tourism
programs.