Thực trạng và giải pháp tín dụng ngân hàng cho phát triển kinh tế xã hội ở một tỉnh vùng cao biên giới

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b~cNhamtacthicanc6quydinhyeucau
thanhtoankhongdungtienm~t.MOtso
quydinhkhacvesudl:mgchCr
kydi$ntu,
ch([ngtCtdi$ntu,quydinhtonquytienm~t
t~i ccrquan,doanhnghi$p,...cOngcan
dlIqccl,)th~ han.Cacquydjnhd6 theo

chungtoicanthieta capdO113
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cuaChfnhphu.Saud6dlIqchoanthi$nva
nanglen cap dOPhapI$nhva Lu~tve
thanhtoan,nhlI v~ytlnhtuanthusa tl,l'
giachanvadongbOhanchetaicaohan.
Benc~nhvi$cma rOngthanhtoan

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khongdungtienm~tthicanphaiganlien
vClicavi$cki~msoatcacluongtienthanh
toan c6 gia tri cao va cac khoanbat
thlIang, chong rua tien, chong tham
nhOng,h~nchetieu cl,l'cva nganch~n
buonI~u..

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THIICTRANG
VAGIAI PHAPTINDUNGNGANHANG
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chophit trienkinhte
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a Giangla mOttlnh c6 nhieuxa
thuOcvungnuicao,biengiai,dong
dongbaocacdantOc.Trongdieu

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ki$n d6 ho~t dOng ngan hang

a day cOng

c6nhCrng
d~cthuvac6mOtsokh6khan
rieng.
TrongnhCrng
namqua,tlnhHaGiang
da d~tdlIqcnhieuthanhtlfUtrangcong
cuOcxoad6igiamngheo,dod6tY1$hO
ngheod6i da giamdangk~.Tuynhien,
theodanhgiacuatlnhHaGiang,thitY1$
hOng~eod6ibinhquanhi$n113
18%,cac

hUY$n
MeoV~c,BongVan,QuanB~,Xin
Man,...c6 ty l$hO d6i ngheobinhquan
tren30%.Toantlnhc6tCli44xangheod6i,
ty 1$hOngheod6ichiemtCttren30%den
56%t6ngso hOcuaxa. M~tkhacso hO
mClithoatd6ingheoa m([ctrungbinhyeu
cOngchiemty1$cao,c6nguycataingheo
neukhongdlIqct~ptrunggiaiquyet.86 113
con so dlIqctinh congbo,nhlIngtrong
thl,l'cte,chacchantY1$hOngheoconcao
han.
Thl,l'c
hi$nchien11Iqc
phattri~nkinhte
- xahOicuamOtdiaphlIangmiennuicao,
c6nhieuhUY$n
thuOcvungbiengiCli,tlnh
HaGiangd~tml,)ctieugiamtY1$hOd6i
ngheoxuongcon12%VaGdaunam2005;
trangd6 t~p trungxoa d6i ngheocho
7.000hOacachUY$n
kh6khan,baogom,
MeoV~c2.400hO,80ngVan2.100hO,
XfnMan1.300hOva QuanB~1.200hO.
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thixakhacgiam1/3sohOd6i
ngheosovClihi$nnay.CungvClivi$cxoa
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d~y m~nhvi$c nangcao dClisongcho

khoang10.000hOmCli
thoatngheo,nham
baodamchodaisonggiadinhhQkhahan
hi$nnay,cOngnhlIthoatngheomOtcach
vCrng
chaco
GiaiphapquantrQngnhatdlIqctinh
HaGiangthl,l'chi$nla, "chocan'cauhan.
choxauca",t([c113
he trq von,giongva
kienthaclamanchocachOdongbaadan
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mottinhvungcaobiengiOi
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Nguy~o Bloh Du'Cfog*

tOcnangcaonangIl,I'csanxuat,lamquen
vaivi$ctlnhtoanhi$uquadongvonvasu
dl,)ngdongvon,VlIanlenthoatkh6ingheo
d6ithl,l'csl,l'.Dod6,ngoaicacchinhsach
cua TrunglIang, chinh sach cua dia
phlIanghetrqdongbaovungcaonuida:
con bo, b~ nlIac,mai nha va mOtso
chlIangtrinhkhac,thihi$nnaytlnhdang
tri~nkhai5 chlIangtrinhCl,)th~mCli.
ChlIangtrinhtindl,)nglIUdaidoivCli1
v~nhOngheodlIqcvayvont~iNganhang

chinhsachxahOicuatlnhvaim([c1tri$u
dong/hO,
tlnhhetrqlaisuatvonvaytrang
2 nam2003- 2004d~dumua2-3conde
giongphattri~nchannuoitheoquymogia
dinh.SaukhicachOnaythoatngheosa
dlIqcgiam20%sovongocdavay.Boivai.
so hOngheod6ia cachUY$n:
MeoV~c,
80ngVan,XfnMan,QuanB~,YenMinh
vacacxavungbiengiaicuahUY$n
Hoang
Su PhidlIqcvay500.000dongt~i Ngan
hangchinhsachd~dautlI thamcanh,ma
rOngthemdangiasuc,giacam,trongcay
samOc,dlIqctinhhetrq100%laisuatvon
vay.So hOngheod6i a cac hUY$n:
Vi
Xuyen,Ba_cMe,Bac Quang,thi xa Ha
GiangvacacxaconI~icuahUY$n
Hoang
SuPhi,dlIqcvay1 tri$udong/hO,
tlnhhe
trq 50%laisuat.CachOngheod6itrang
toantlnhdlIqchetrqkeodi$ndent~nnha,
hetrqlamnhaa.CachOvungcaotieptl,)C
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dlIqchotrq1tri$udongd~suachCra
nha
a.Tinhthl!chi$nchutruangtietki$m5%

chingansachnhanlIacd~unghOnglICIi
ngheo,cungcaccuOcv~ndOngkhacdam
baoquynayc6themsovon10tYdong.
Thl,l'chi$nchlIangtrinhtrongmai 1
v~nhacaysamOca4 hUY$n
vungnuida,
2 hUY$n
khac:XfnManvaHoangSuPhi.
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sa mOcsa phuxanhdattrong,doitrQ~
~

giai quyet go cho xay dl!ng, chat
dot,...dlIqcdongbaodantOclIUthichva
dac6 kinhnghi$mphattri~n.Tlnhhotrq
caygiongvCligia 300dong/cay,
dlIqcho
trqtaichinhchams6ccaytrang3 nam,...
ChlIangtrinhphattri~n1v~ncontrau,
bohanghoa,hotrq50%laisuatchocac
hOvay vai m([cvay khongqua 10 tri$u
dong/hO;
dautlIphat.tri~n2 v~nconde,
m([cvay1tri$u'dong/hO,
tinhhotrq100%
laisuattrang2 nam2003- 2004.
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dlfngccrsa h~ tangnongthon,trangd6
t~ptrungkeodi$ndennhacho1 v~nhO
dan;d~ym~nhphattri~nm~ngIllaigiao

thongnongthan,xaydlfng100kmdlIang
0 to betonglienhUY$n,
lienxa.
'¥Y m~nhchlIangtrinhhotrq5.0007.00uhOve nhaa; trangd6captamIqp
cho3.000- 5.000hO,hetrqxi mangcho
1.500hOvClim([c2 tanxi mang/hO,
hetrq
5 tri$udongbangv~tli$ucho500hOlam
nhaathuOcdi$nh~san,xuongnuidinh
ClIvadoitlIqngchfnhsach.
Ve phfa nganhNgan hang,trong
nhCrng
namqua,cOngda va dangthl,l'c
hi$nnhieugiaiphaphuydOngvont~iche,
tranhthuthuhutvontCtTrunglIangthang
qua h$ thongcua minh.Bongthai cac
nganhangcOngd~ym~nhmarOngdautlI
vonchocactinhvl,l'c,cacthanhphankinh
te,vCtahotrqvontrl!ctiepchohOngheo,
hOgiadinhthuOcdi$nchfnhsach,vCta
dap
ltngnhucauvonchocacdoanhnghi$pva
hOsan xuat kinhdoanh,t~o dieu ki$n
nangcaomoitrlIangkinhdoanhn6ichung
va moitrlIcrngkinhte - xa hOicuatoantlnh
n6i chung.
Tfnhdennay,tongnguonvoncuacac
T6 ch([ctin dl,)ng( TCTD)trendia bantlnh
Ha Giangd~t 1.495ty dong,tang21,84%
so vai namtrlIac; trangd6 nguonvon huy

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T~ aIi NGANnANG- &6 3 NXM'lOO4


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de)ngt9id!aphLtang
chid9t542ty dong;
riengtiengltitietki$m,tienphathanhtrai
phieu,ky phieuchid9t280ty dong.NhLt
v~yquad6c6th~thay,trangdieuki$nme)t
tinhngheo,vanhuyde)ngt9i choratkh6
khan,chichiem36,25%tongnguonvan,
nenchuyeutrangchaVaGnguonvantCr
benngoai.M$tkhaccOngchLrngto cac
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cackenhkhacnhau,nhLtdieuchuy~ntcr
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an:ADB,IFAD,...
d~dapLrngnhudiu cho
vaytrendiaban.
COng
Unhdenthaidi~mtLtang

tL!,tong
dLtnqchovaycuacacTCTDd9t1.373ty
dong,tang22%so vainamtmac,tLtang
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nqchovaynganh9nchiem64,75%,
dLtnq
chovaytrungva daih9nchiem35,25%.
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cuakhachhangvayvan.
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chLtang
trinhxoad6igiamngheova phat
tri~nh$thongcasah9tanggiaothang,h9
tangkinhte,trongtongdLtnqn6itren,thi
sovanchovaytaicache)giadinh,he)ca
th~d9t533,6tydong,chiem38,8%;dLtnq
chovaycacdoanhnghi$ptLtnhan,cangty
co phan,cangty TNHHd9t582ty dong,
chiem42,39%;dLtnq cho yay doanh
nghi$pnhanLtacd9t254ty dong,chiem
18,5%,con19ila choyaykinhte t~pth~.
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va 1thitranthue)c
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trend!a
ban cua chi nhanhNHNo&PTNT
hUY$n
d<;lt
20,8tydong,trangd6tiengltitietki$m
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d9t 29,4 ty dong, trang d6 dLt nq
NHNo&PTNT
la 22,9 ty dong (doanh
nghi$pngoaiquocdoanhdLtnq 11,26ty
dong)vadLtnqd9i19giainganchoNHCSXHla6,5tydong.Quymanguonvanva
dLtnq d6 nhungchi c6 9 canbe),nhan
vien.

hUY$n
dennayd9t15,9tYdong,tongdLt
nq han 37 ty dong;trang d6 dLtnq
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la 21,5ty dong,d9i 19cho

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la 13ty dong,con19ila dLtnq
vancacdL!anuythackhac.Chinhanhc6
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nien.Quythunh~pnam2002lamrad9t
h$so1,337,nam2003d<;lt
h$so1,387.
HUY$n
£Jong
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huyde)ng
14,8tydong,tongdLtnqchovay
d<;lt
35tydong.Quythunh~pdo,chinhanh
lamra nam2002d<;lt
h$so1,323vanam
2003d<;lt
h$so1,328.
HUY$n
MeoV9cc616xavungIIIva1
thi tranthue)cvungII, vcri195thanban
cOngda dLtqcpM kfnUndl,lng.£Je)i
ngO
can be) , nhan vien cua chi nhanh
NHNo&PTNT

hUY$n
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c6tai12ngLtai,
trangd6c63 ngLtai
thue)c
di$nhqpdong,nhLtng
quymaho9tde)ng
thi cOngIan han.Tongnguonvan huy
de)ng
dennayd9t14,123tydong,trangd6
tienguicuadanCLtchid<;ltkhoang3,5ty
dong;dLtnq choyay d9t 37,5tY dong,
trangd6dLtnq NHNo&PTNT
d9t20,3ty
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d9t17,2
ty dong.VcrisL!nolL!ccuadanv!, nenty
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han,c6tai24xavungIIIva1thitranthue)c
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den nay chi nhanhNHNo&PTNT
huy$n
HoangSu Phi d9t tongnguonvan huy

de)ng25tYdong,tongdLtnq44ty dong.
Tuy nhiendo me)'tso kh6 khankhach
quan,nenquythunh~pnam2003chid9t

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NeunhLt4 xadLtqcde c~pa phandau:
QuanB<;I,MeoV<;IC,
£JongVan,Yen Minh
thue)cvung cao nui da phfa Bac tinh, thi
Hoang Su Phi thue)cvung cao nui dat.
Trangdieu ki$n dia ban re)ng,giao thang
cach tra, trinh de)mQim$t cua dong bao
dan te)ccon thap,so ILtqngcan be)khang
dang,d~thL!chi$nml,lctieuphat tri~nkinh
te - x~ he)icuadia phLtangva dinh hLtang
hO<;ltde)ng CU8 NHNo&PTNT,cac chi
nhanhda chude)ng,linhho9td~ ma re)ng
HuY$nYenMinhc6 15xavungIII,2 va nangcaochatILtqngtin dl,lng,dapLrng
xa va 1 thi tranthue)cvungII, Undl,lng nhucauvana d<;liphLtang.
Trang dieu ki$n cua me)ttinh c6 so
nganhangda phukfnden272thanban
vai15dante)ckhacnhau.Tongnguonvan dang dong bao dan te)c,trinh de)pan trf,
trinhd(>san xuatcon h<;lR
che,
huy de)ngcua chi.nhanhNHNo&PTNT d$c bi$t113

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thi vi$cho trq vantin dl,lng,giupngLtaidan
lamquenvcricackenhtin dl,lngchfnhthLrc
cua nha nLtac,quenvai suy nghTvay tra,
tinh toan hi$Uquadongvan bo ra, nhung
c6 sL!LtUdaive lai sua!...t90 dieuki$npha
vfJdan phLtdngthLrccanh tac tL!cungtL!
cap,nangcaonh~nthLrccuangLtaidan,...
£J6113
giai phap xoa d6i giam ngheome)t
cachca ban,laudai,cOngnhLtth~,hi$nsL!
quyet tam cua tinh trong vi$c 190ra sL!
chuy~nbiencanbantinh hinhkinhte - xa
he)i.£Jay113
kinhnghi$mc6 Unhthamkhao
tich cL!cdoi vai cac dia phLtangc6 dieu
ki$n tLtangtL!ve thL!chi$n giai phap tai
chfnh- tient$ chothL!chi$ncac ml,lCtieu
de ra. Tuy nhienben c<;lnhnhCrngket qua
d9t dLtqcn6i tren,thi cOngcon me)tso van
de dangquantam:
- Ca cau Un dl,lngnhLtda danh gia,
nhinchung113
phuhqp,nhLtngphantichcl,I
th~thi vi$ct~ptrungty trQngdLtnq IanVaG
khu VL!cdoanh nghi$p tLt nhan, chiem
42,39%tong dLt nq trang dieu ki$n me)t

tinh con nhieu kh6 khan ve kinh.Ie. £Joi
tLtqngkhac hang nay phan dang 113
mai
thanh I~p, van tL! c6 thap, chu yeu h09t
de)ngbangvan tin dl,lngnganhang.ThL!c
hi$nca che baodamtienvay c6 ch$tche
va dungquydinhhaykhangthi chi nhCrng
ngLtailamcangvi$cchLrCnangmcric6 th~
biet chac dLtqc.Ra rang la tinh an toan
trang h09t de)ngtin dl,lngse thay ra trang
m(>tvai namtai.
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theonganhnghe,thi tren51%dLtqcdautLt
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xaydL!ng;cungvcri34,6%dau
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ngan sach Nha nLtac,nhLtngda dLtqcca
quan chLrcnangbo trf van hay chLta,van
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baonhieu,thi cOngchi cacchu dL!an biet
chac,tat nhienme)tso can be)nganhang
da c6 dL!doantinhhinhnay.ThL!ctr9ngd6
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kh6 khan.
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a me)tso NHTMc6 xu hLtanggia tang.
£J~giai quyet nhCrngvan de n6i tren,

ben c<;lnhvi$cthL!chi$n chLrcnangthanh
tra, c,anhbao cua chi nhanhNgan hang
Nha nLtac,thi han ai het chfnhcacTCTD
tren dia ban cannh~n thLrcnguy ca cua
nhCrng
tiem ~n, chude)ngthat ch$t19icac
quy trinh tin dl,lng,tang CLtcrng
chat ILtqng
cac khoanyay.£Jongthai bam sat khach
hang d~ thu hei nhCrngkhoannq da den
h<;lnva quah<;ln..
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37

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