Enzyme Amylase
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1/ Nguyễn Lê Hoa
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ng
2/ Hoàng Ngọc Duy Quang
3/ Nguyễn Thi
̣
Kim Vân
4/ Nguyễn Ngọc Trung
5/ Lê Nguyễn Nhân Luân
Tháng 5/2010
234
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284
A. Giới Thiệu
I. Khái niệm Enzyme:
"'^wZ":"'dM;[%)%)UbA%:'<'V@ "L'+/S'V@ "L'
R'<SwY)"s'Q'C +€%:'<'V@ "]N'"L';'Pp"]L' B%
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(g;"L'Ug"':" j"Y)"•"_0 'sA%'j'A%:'<
'yJ:'' ^"]j 0P';_"s t0 'sL'A%'j'")7"d
M d'S"rJ'j"J'Yƒ'%P'&'q"J'")70;Mb07N
'l+
II. Enzyme Amylase là gì?
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24
III. Lịch sử phát hiện
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B. Tổng quan về Enzyme Amylase
I. Phân loại :
! 7J"_:%C Vp"Ud0;F_1KZ
N M;[0;UZC M;[+
- Endoamylase : Q"_E2Z(8+F+3+3[0;_Y>:+_
Y>:;Vp"" '; C 1Y>'S"' d;%%ZE2KU' 2
%"K[Z(8+F+3+3[ŒY> :' d;'%"Z 23J2%" K[
Z(8+F+3+F[0;23J2%" KZ(8+F+3+3[+(:";']&":" *Yd'
M*'"]"%• "" K+
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"" K+_;Q"_1
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…%" KZ%"H2[Z(8+F+3+8[
Các loại Enzyme endoAmylase và exoAmylase
* Sự khác biệt giữa các loại Enzyme Amylase:
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C'VN0;'q@V=06 7'
2w"VNbe"]a'%N"0;!J 7'VNJe"VN_"]"
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II. Hệ Enzyme Amylase:
1. Enzyme α-Amylase (α-1,4-glucanohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.1):
a) Cấu tạo:
E2;' "_&'>p'LJ'l}'Yb?+
Vd++(_N'w'lpVx"M 7' E2'R; 0 Y%r Bacillus
macerans"_&'>p*Vd38++dl 'VnM d'L'Ž":""%• " K
"]3C E2"•"_FC E2;'Y2'R Apergillus
orysee0;E2"]'apVp" *"e%Yƒ0B<'^Y) "L%'g"MP"8+
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'L":""%• C"" K "]'L'"b":"E2VB%"_"L%'g"MP"8'
'S%+
Cấu trúc không gian của α-Amylase
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của α-Amylase:
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f&"o'":" *Yd'E23J2%" K}yqM*'&'>""L'Z' MN'x"
2D4
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Q' MN';_']&"bC'' MN'%*06 'w"VNL'"P+
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c) Đặc tính α-Amylase
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Một số tính chất của α-Amylase từ vi sinh vật
Tên vi sinh vật pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)
Bacillus acidocaldarius 8J? D?
Bacillus stearothermophilus J?4J? ?4D8
Bacillus subtilis ?J84J ? D
Acinetobacter sp.I DJ ?4?? ??
Acinetobacter sp.II DJ ?4?? ?
Bacteroides amylophilus J8 8 TF
Micrococcus halobius J4DJ ?4?? T
Streptomyces hygroscopicus ?J4J ?4??
Streptomyces aureofaciens J4?J8
Thermonospora curvata ?J?4J ? F
Aspergillus prysee ?J?4?JT ?F
Mucor pusillus 8J?4J ?4D
Lipomyces kononenkaae ?J? 8
Schwaniomyces castellii J
2. Enzyme β-Amylase (β-1,4-glucan-maltohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.2):
a) Cấu tạo:
G2 7K 7@M dy'S"0P'JVx"M 7';C'b\+•'":"C'm
"w"b\JG2Ug"':"S'%z&":" *Yd'3JE2%"'' MN'J
%"0;"" KJ&"o''R_''RV\%Y)Y>"]C"+,'
Vp"'C';KSUg"':""]G2"_"L%<G+
•m"w"JG2' 0;S& b "]' MN''A%:'<b\
"]C'+•gJG2Vp"'@p'%w'A%:'<"]C'0;\%Y)Vp"
'@pyC'Y)+•gC"J"_x'y'C'Y)J_Vp"'q"m'%w'
A%:'<:'' ^"]C'JY yKC *Yd'J;;N'&'>"_'jp
&'>;+0;Y M=&"o'My N''{Vp"_'q"K6 KC'SK
0;"_Yw p&'>;?T++
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của β-Amylase:
G2;N'C M;ZU[+ d'<& b Mo'V\%'RV\%
Y)Y>"]":":; "h""L'+G2&"o'":" *Yd'E23J%" K
Y x *Yd'E23J%" KVeYd"P *Yd'E23J%" K'<_{R':"
Ka+\"" K"sC ;KU' &'>6"_"eL' B% *Yd'E23J
%" K0;Vp"j ;G2KU' +
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MN'M='%z&VQ'l My "bE0;G2'<p' MN''%z&'6 T?•+
c) Đặc tính của β-Amylase:
G2;N'M% J'&Ug"':""_"e_4/!J_W2(II!0;0s
K"]":"w" ' K 0;;C M;ZU[
G2 Y) MB Y "_ (
F…
J G2 M=Y< n My (%
F…
J !
F…
J %J
K "' KJ K J|
G2"=% 7'YiE2MB06 " K+G2M=ML'
C'y 7'VND
(+ 7'VN'w 'q""]G2;??
(J!?J34?J?+
0;""d':"Ka"]G2'l"_N'_"MU'^ 7
'q"L': &0;N'_ K'^ 7'q"L': "'+/S="Vb<'^
"]""MZ(3[Vp"'S" 7l0 7"'C';p"L'VQ:'='%
Y ^%'U' t""M0;_""MU"]'&C'VN+/%V_';M=
&%zMy ':"VN"]3&'>6"*_""MUV^ b _E2'0;
;%*_""MU"]+
Các đặc tính của β-Amylase
Nguồn gốc Enzyme pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)
C C" ?JF 2 ?
g< ?JF4?J ?? JF
•' ?J ?? ?D
# ?J4J ?4?? ?
B.cerus DJ ?
B.polymyxa DJ? F
B.megaterium J? 2? ?
3. Enzyme γ-Amylase (glucoamylase) (EC 3.2.1.3):
a) Cấu tạo:
H2Z%"E23J2%"2%"K[;t"_'^
'%z&Vp""b Y ^% *Yd'"]":"C"E2%"V^ b _yKCG+
5%"H2 "]d%Vp"'CMy ":"0 0P'+x"M 7';Y ^%L
w" %J " %0;X %
%" K'RLw";":"' "_Yw p&'>pKVNL'
6'RFD+Vd33F+'%˜'%N"0;%Qw""]
_ "%'<":"%" KVB%"e":"w"*' J' 'J0;N'>
w""' +% *w A%7 t"%• " K J"L%'g"MP"80;C'VN"]
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0‚ " Vp" ; : 'v 'L' "b ":" %" K 'R L w" VB% ;
%"' "e'R?2F•%U ''V_"]d%;":""" K%"J
"'0;%"
(:"%" K"]d%Vp"'C*'R 90;99Y:"%yYb
f'%z&' MN'y'C': o0;My VNMB"]"g+%" K9'SL
'a0;'%z&' MN'y'C': oJp"C %" K99Y)"_"b '
"L';+
b) Cơ chế hoạt động:
%" K"_'^ b _G22%"M}":"'%z&xC B%
\":" *Yd'E23J"]C"E2%"'RV\%Y)Y>J"g"m'%z&Vp"":"
*Yd'E23J0;E23J8L'"PZ328\[+w"VN'%z&"ma'%N"0;Mb
"L'"]":" *Yd'YB"P06 ":" *Yd'%" 'Vp"'%z&J"mYq"'%6"0;
"L%'g""]""L'M='%z&+L';06 ":"E2%"C"K; Z0;"'
['<M='%z&;06 ":"'KU' 0;":" "" '+
c) Tính chất:
5%""_Ybf'%z&":" *Yd'E23J‚E23J%" K+# '%z
& *Yd'E23J2%"'"%• "" KJ%"':"\p''R&'>
%"Yv V\%Y)Y>"]C"V^'C%"+;"_ B%'*j Y:"
%1E23JŒE23J2%"2Œ2%"KŒ%"Œ%" KŒ'Y2
.ŒH2|;C M;+
; ":" *Yd'E23J0;E23J%" KJ%""s"_Ybf'%z&
":" *Yd'E23JF0;E23J8%" K+
5%""_Ybf'%z&;';' MN'J%"J"' J
KU' JJ '0;'';%"J;Y)"\"_S' "%b":"
C Y:"+5%"'%z b ":""" K"_&'>606
":""L'"_&'>v+(:" "" K"_:"' J%"JG2KU' M=
%"']&Y:+
w%""_C'S""L'y0h"_!8J?4?J?0; 7'VN?
(+_
MB06 " KE2YiMB'p%J"'0;Y)Vp"Mb07My
(
F…
+
4. Oligo 1,6-glucosidase (dextrinase tới hạn) (EC 3.2.1.10)
2384
;"_'^'%z& *Yd'E23J4%" K' 'J0;
":"KU' '6 C';Vl"_'^*Vp"+;"_yO/OVQ'l
"m"_'":"C'b\ZVC C"J'_"b\[+; 43J4%" KJ7
KU' "]C'm"w"JC'b\"s"_"' 43J4%" KX4
0;KU' 43J4%" K43J4%" KKU' 22%""K+! C
;VB%'%z&KU' ' 7'V^E20;G2KV_'K%
K="'%z&"_ B%'+
7'VN'w 'q""":"C'VN"]":"KU' ;
(0;!'w 'q";?J3+
5. Enzyme pullulanase (α-dextrin6-glucosidase) (EC 3.2.1.41)
;"_'^'%z&":" *Yd'E23J"]' MN'J%"J%%0;":"
KU' '6 C+ B%V:"gu;SV=0="]":" *Yd'E23J"_by6Vd':"
VN"]+x"M 7';S"_x'"] *Yd'E23J} BYBM* *Yd'E23J;
V B%Y 7"\' d'"&"o' *Yd';
%%& b ":" *Yd'E23J%" KM=MA%'eqMy ":" *Yd'
E23J+_"s"_Ybf']&"btKU' &'> 'L"•Q"_ w"
' w %M} * Yd' E23J%" K+ :" Ka 7VQ "] E2 0;
%%;_M=']&;';+
6. α-glucosidase hay maltase(α-D,glucoside-glucohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.20)
B%C Lp b ;+5 w%"J _']&
'';%"Y)']&' MN'+,'0;%"'ˆ;N'
VQL'0R"_Ybf']& *Yd'E23JJ'":"%" K0R"_
Ybf"%^":"w"%" KVl0;p%+
III. Cơ chất:
("L'':"Ka"];' MN'0;%"+
1. Tinh bột: ;_("MK'y'S"0P'J"_"]d%'":"C "]Y
JY '&JY <|J'":"C'm"w"J":"C C'0;"_")'e"'@A%:';
Z(
!
3F
I
[
+!C'' MN'"_<K:L'Y:"%06 Yq"'6"'RFVd3?™+ MN'
Y)6""_Yw p *Yb3J8843J+
2 MN';"L'Y:6"V ^<"L%'C'R4C"'”0;"' +z
w0;"' '' MN''l0;Yb31+(b VB%'Ctw"E2
2%"+"_"L%'CC"'”+(gVp" *Yd'My ":"w E23J%" '0;E2
234
3J%" '*'C'; B%:+; 0;"' '' MN'"s"_
"eN'pv":""L'Y:"%w Y:J"L'MiJ' '|!;p"%"]
"gYbJF4JD•+
2 MN'Y)s''6"CJ'p%0;'+K•''6"_
0;'C*VN6'"]K%K="+"' Y s''6"_'CK%K="L'
6'+
26"_' MN'{g'6"'y0;'CKC+,e"VN'"]' MN'
a'%N" 7'VN+# 'fK\ 7'VNJK="' MN'{M d';KCY0;j ;Q'
MN'+ 7'VN;"Q' MN'"_VN6'"S"VC j ; 7'VNQ_"]' MN'+
'S"'d%)%)'Q'C N' 6 C 7'VNQ_J0<' MN'"]%* 7%ML'Y<VB%
Q B%C'"_Yq"'6"Y:"%+
…Amylose:"_"L%'C"%• Y)&:JC"'”"L%'C'R":"w"E42
%"J *Yd'06 %My w"E23J%" KJK; Yb843w"%"J
Uo'" B%sU• Uo"_w"%"'C';<a" :"+(L%'g"UoVp"
t0tl":" *Yd' KVp"'C'; t":"_I!'SK+.*'Uo"_
'^Yd'p06 ":"%*'>Y:"+(h06 "' J":"&'>' 'C
*"L%<C'' MN'y'S"0P'+OqKa'C';;%UY ':"Ka06
9K Jd%V%_ *Yd' KM="o'Ve'J"%• M=K%• '”KM=':"Yv
K%K="L';%U+
'lVp"&Mwy\M*'"]C'' MN'+%K=""_
VN6''LK%K=" "' +M=Yd'']My "M%' "+
+ Amylopectin: ; N' C" :J Vp" "L% 'C 'R ":" w" E22
%" * Yd' 06 % My E23J 0; E23J %" '+ ,e" VN _ '>
"' "_'^*Vd :'=;' 7%+(L%'g"&C""]_MQ3:
'%'&Z"e *Yd'32['R:;:'":":a"_" B%K; Yb0;
"a"w"%"+#w p&'>"]"' Yb?23' 7%+"'
Vp"&Mwx'; C'' MN'+%K=""' "_VN6'"JY V%_;
'V@ &%o"0;Y)'%P=""L%'g"&'> "' &'C': Q:'
MN'+ MN'"_'^M='%z&K6 ':"Ka"]x"" K'C';":"
br"_Yw p&'>'Lj ;KU' +(:"KU' ;"_'^M='%z&
;';'C';":"w"%"+0Pbr'%z&;';' MN';%"
'% *ytV B%Y 7U:"V=JK6 ':"Ka"]K "" ''C ;b
r"]d%'br'%z&' MN'+
23?4
Cấu trúc của Amylose và Amylopectin
2. Glycogen :
5""m'%N"%"J;"" KKS'tyl 0;VN0P'+&'>
""_")'e""%;Z(
!
3
I
?
["m&: w&'> "'
e"VN&: B%+\6":"w"%"'&'>Yd'p06
%A% *Yd'E23J%" 'J *Yd'E23J2%" 'y"•&:"]&'>+
5"M='%z&K6 ':"Ka"]x"" K+# '%z&;
';"PVp"E22%"+5";''6"_J";%Vv'q
x"Vv&%06 '
5""_ swC" B%' MN'+&'>py'YbF48' 7%+
5"K•''6"Jd%"g'fA%: B%(MK''<"'^"g'{
"%^_"g';"L'MiKS't+•VN0P'0;l %""]d%'P'%y
+
Quá trình thủy phân tinh bột của các Enzyme Amylase
234
IV. Công nghệ lên men và thu nhận Enzyme Amylase:
1. Nguồn thu nhận:
"_'":"'dM; 0P'JVN'S"0P'J":"C Lw"+,%w
'%P"\" d'g'Yv 'dM;+
"'^ 0P'Jy''dM;"L'0;":""L%'>'C*'dM;&
"|Y)"_YbfV A%;'dM;JV^V 0;K%K="" d'+O<0P
0 7"V\%' *;"\b :0k;'dM;+O 7":0k"L%'g"'dM;"_'^>KaN'w
":"%1
…. 7:"j" BU06 MN''%z' J":''C"x":U
VQ:|
….}K%) t%"M%'JU'J" J'U''|
….}_ *%&J' WJ' ŠO|
/%Y BvVp"" d'g'M}%6"K%K="V7'q"pJ
x"K%K="%w '%'q|
%K="'%Vp"%Y " d'; "s"_":"'C"L'Y:"'
J%w J%U '|
(g'"\C MvV^'%P"_VN' Y d'"+(_L' B%
:' C"%V&;N'w:"MbVp">KaNn 0;"_ 7%
A%b1
…^C %w 0;'C"L'"_'jp&'>v'Kh:'r'q"
A%;M:'L+ "L'"];;{""L'"_'jp&'>vV A%+
(:""L'"_'jp&'>6M= tC ZJ' +++[+
…^C )' C0;'C"L'"_'jp&'>"'Khw p B%
:Y:"%o"YqLaJo"Yq'V@ JV 7K j"|
a) Động vật:
"_''a'C"]VN0P'+a'C;wKC"hJK; J6J
}q%KCK;J t::"0;':';+( B%K; "]'a'CYb828?"J0;
xYb23?+.*'"_t0:"fv" 'a'C'; B%'hv+
a'C0R"_"e"fN ' d'0R"_"e"fC ' d'+
%P'RVN0P'\6;'RK="'a'C+T•'a'CVp""L%'C
'R":"'dM;C ' d'x";'dM;'%d+(:"'dM;;' d'' *%:0;'':
';+
b) Thực vật:
23D4
