LEARNING ENGLISH BETTER

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LEARNING ENGLISH BETTER

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English may be a foreign language,
but we cannot deny its importance
in today¶s world. Don¶t hesitate ±
speak confidently and get over your
shyness.

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Day 1

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NOUNS

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Teaching formal grammar is something of a challenge. It is
something which helps in acquiring the skill to match
grammar
vocabulary with the usage they have already acquired.

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The objective is to do away with
stiff traditional definitions and
introduce parts of speech with
simple explanations

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Today let us take on simple definitions in
grammar like nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
Many of you might think or feel that you
already know about these, but will be
surprised to know that even simple grammar
keeps springing surprises on us.

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Let Us Take On Nouns «

To explain in simple words, a noun
is the name of a person, animal,
place or thing.

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Nouns-- Singular & Plural «.
Nouns
There are some general rules for changing the singular form
of a noun to its plural form.
Eg: Common nouns.
Pens(plural)
Collective nouns.
Armies(plural)

Pen(singular)

±

Army(singular) ±

Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural forms
when they are used as common nouns.
All of you must be aware that the most common form of
forming a plural by adding an ³s´ to the noun.
Eg: Hand - Hands
House - Houses
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Plural of the nouns ending in ³x´ ³sh´ or ³ch´ (a hissing
sound) is formed by adding ³es´ at the end.
Eg: glass
box
brush
bench

- glasses
- boxes
- brushes
- benches

Plural of the nouns ending in a ³y´ and having a consonant
before ³y´ is formed by changing ³y´ into ³ies´.
Eg: army - armies
lady - ladies
baby - babies
fly
- flies

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If there is a vowel before the ³y´, we just add ³s´ to the noun
to form its plural.
Eg: monkey - monkeys boy - boys
toy - toys
donkey - donkeys
day - days
key - keys

There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though
they look singular.
Eg: These cattle (not cattles)
These people
These folk
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Some nouns are used in singular form.
Eg: This scenery is beautiful.
All this information was wrong.
Furniture is sold here.
Some nouns have the same form both in singular and plural.
Eg: This deer.
This sheep.
This fish.

These deer.
These sheep.
These fish.

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Compound nouns form their plural by adding
³s´ to the important word.
in--law
Eg: mothermother-in
in--law - mothers
mothers-in
step--son step
stepstep-son
sons
passer--by - passerspasser
passer -by
maid--servant - maidmaid
maid-servant
servants..

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To Change --Nouns which are used only in singular

though they look like plurals.
plurals.
Eg: The news is _____________
Physics is ______________
Mathematics is ___________
Politics is ________________
An innings ______________
A means _____________

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The following are nouns
-- mountains, tree, postman,
cupboard,chair, apple, pen.

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Concrete nouns are names of people and things we can
touch or see.
Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or touched,
but can be thought and felt. They express a quality, a state, a
feeling or an action.
Such nouns are called Abstract nouns. So an abstract noun
is an IDEA,

IDEA, for example, honesty, childhood, happiness,
bravery.
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Concrete Nouns Are of 4 Kinds
«
example
1. Common Nouns
(nouns of one class
or kind)

chair,crow,flower.

2. Proper Nouns
(special name)

Delhi, Ram, Everest.

3. Material Nouns
(names of things
from which other
things are made)

water, gold, wood.

4. Collective Nouns
(a group of things
considered as one)

fleet, army, bunch.

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Role--Play -- Live
Role
2 RoleRole-Plays to Understand the Types of
Nouns

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Home Assignment
Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns
2 Sets of Assignments on Types of Nouns

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Of these, common and collective nouns are Countable nouns
.
eg.. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero.

eg
These nouns have plural forms. They take on the adjectives
e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc.
eg.. Several pages(plural) in the book are missing.
eg
Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called Uncountable
nouns.
e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee etc. These
nouns have no plural forms. They take on adjectives like
much little or a little. They cannot be used with nos.
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Choose the Countable and Uncountable
Nouns from the following table «
Apple

Star

Cloth

Freedom Furniture

Dirt

Paper

Class

Family

Tea

Poetry

Poem

Team

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Picture

Stone

Milk

Shop

Pen

Iron

Glass


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Role--Play --- Live
Role
1 RoleRole-Play

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Home Assignment
Do It Yourself Exercise on Nouns
1 Assignment

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VERBS

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All About Verbs «

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A verb, as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time of action.
The verb tells us whether the action has already taken place, is taking
place or will take please. To show the time in which the action is taking

place, sometimes several verbs are put together.
Ex: The fly sits on the fruit.
here the verb tells us what is happening in the present or what happens
from time to time(present tense).
Ex: The fly sat on the fruit.
Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action that took
place in the past (past tense)
Ex: The fly will sit on the fruit.
Here it consists of 2 verbs will sit
sit.. To show what will happen in the future,
future,
the verb sit takes on the helping verb will (future tense)
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