Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 12 nâng cao (tập 2) phần 1

THIET KE BAI GIANG
•

NANG CAO
TAP HAI

n i NHA XUAT BAN HA


TRAN KHANH PHirCJNG

THIET KE BAI GIANG

sum HQC u
NilNGQIO-TdPHfll

NHA XUAT BAN HA N 6 I


Chuong IV
UNG DUNG Dl TRUYEN HOC

Bai 22
CHON GIONG VAT NUOI VA CAY TRONG
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kien thurc
• HS biet duoc nguon vat lieu cho chon giong t\i tu nhien va nhan tao.
• HS biet dugc vai tro eia bien di to hgp trong chgn giong vat nuoi cay trong.
• Nang cao kl nang phan tfch hien tugng de tim hieu ban chat cua su viec qua
chgn giong mdi tir nguon bien di to hgp.

2. KT nang
• Phan tfch thong tin de nam bat kien thiic.
• Khai quat hoa kien thiic.
• Van dung kien thiic, giai thfch thuc te.
II. CHUAN B!
• Tranh anh ve giong vat nuoi, cay trong.
• Tu Ueu v6 chgn giong vat nuoi, cay trong.
• Phieu hgc tap.

Gidi THieu v£ NGU6N GEN
Noi dung
Khdi dau
Ke't qua
Vfdu

Nguon gen tl/nhien

TI; NHIEN VA NHAN TAO
Nguon gen nhan tao


III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
• Ngi dung dinh luat Hacdi Venbec, cho vf du minh hoa.
• Khi a trang thai can bang di truyen thi cau tnic di truyen cua quan the nhu
the nao?
• HS lam bai tap 5, 6 SGK trang 87.
2. Trong tam
• Bien di to hgp la nguon nguyen lieu quan trgng cho chgn gidng.
• Bien di to hgp la nguyen nhan ciia su da dang ve kieu gen, phong phu ve

kieu hinh ciia gidng.
3. Bai mdi
• GV gidi thieu ngi dung ciia chuong IV va gidi han kien thiic ciia bai hgc.
• GV gidi thieu 4 budc trong quy trinh chgn gidng vM nuoi, cay trong do la:
tao nguon nguyen lieu, chgn lgc, danh gia chat lugng gidng va dua ra san
xuat dai tra.
Hogt dpng I
GIC5I THIEU VE NGUON GEN T U N H I E N VA NHAN TAG
Muc tieu:
• HS biet each tao dugc nguon gen.
• HS biet lien he thuc te.
Hogt dpng cda GV
- GV dan dat:
+ Mudn chgn lgc cd ket
qua c&i cd ngudn vat Ueu.
+ Ngudn vat lieu trong tu
nhien chua du de chgn
lgc dat hieu qua, nen con
ngudi da chu dgng tang
ngudn vat lieu nhd gay
dot bien, lai tao...
—GV neu yeu cau:
+ Nghien ciiu SGK trang
88 muc I.

Hogt dpng cda HS

Ngi dung

Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

+ Hoan thanh phieu hgc
tap "Gidi thieu vt ngudn
gen tu nhien va ngudn
gen nhan tao".

Ndi dung

- HS hoat dgng ca nhan
nghien ciiu thong tin
nhan biet kien thiic.
- HS hoat dgng nhdm.
+ Van dung kie'n thiic, ket
hgp tu lieu va thuc te.
+ Thao luan nhdm —>
thdng nha't y kien -> ghi
phieu hgc tap.

- GV nhan xet va thong + Dai dien nhdm trinh
bay —> ldp nhan xet.
bao dap an.
- HS theo ddi -> tu siia Dap an phieu hgc tap.
chQa.
Noi dung

Nguon gen tu nhien

Nguon gen nhan tao

Khdi dau

Thu thap vat lieu tCr thien nhiSn, tif cac dja
phuong.

- Gay dot bie'n de tao ra nhigu dang lnhau.
- Lai tao de tao ra vat lieu mcii.

K6't qua

xay dung bp suu tap cac dang tu nhien ve
vat nuoi, cay trong.

- Thanh lap ngan hang gen, luu giu' bao
quan cac k^t qua lai.
- Trao ddi vdi cac thanh ph6, qu6c gia.

Vfdu

Trung tSm phat sinh giong ngd, gidng ltay hoang dai d IVIehicC va Bac IVIy.

Hogt dpng cda GV

Vifn nghien ctru hoa quoc te IRRI d
Phiiippin.

Hogt dpng cua HS

- GV neu cau hoi thao
luan:
+ Tai sao cac dang vat - HS tiep tuc thao luan
nudi, cay trdng cd sSn nhdm.
trong tu nhien d timg dia - Yeu cau neu duoc:

Ngi dung


Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

Ngi dung

phuong lai thfch nghi tdt + Cac dang vat nudi, cay
vdi dieu kien mdi trudng trdng cd sSn trong tu
nhien d timg dia phuong
noi chiing sdng?
thdng
thudng cd td hgp
+ Cac vat lieu tu nhien
nhieu gen thich nghi tdt
dugc thu thap ban dau da
vdi dilu kien mdi trudng
cd the trd thanh gidng vat
noi chiing sdng la ket qua
nuoi cay trdng dugc cua chgn lgc tu nhien til

chua? Tai sao?
hang trieu nam.
VD: Lgn rimg, ga rimg,
man, dao...
+ Cac vat lieu tu nhien
dugc thu thap ban dau
khdng phai da chuyen
thanh gidng dn dinh va
hoan chinh ngay dugc.
+ Can phai gay dot bien
lai tao de thu dugc nhieu
dang khac nhau va tao
nen vat lieu mdi cho chgn
gidng.
Vl du: Liia mi hoang dai
cd kha nang chdng chiu
tdt, tuy nhien nang suat
rat thap, can cai tao gen,
chgn lgc td hgp gen qui.
- Dai dien HS trinh bay
-^ ldp nhan xet.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va bd sung kien thiic.
Hogt dpng 2
TIM HIEU CHON GIONG T L T N G U O N BIEN DI TO HOP
Muc tieu:
• HS chi ra dugc vai trd cua bien di td hgp trong chgn gidng vat nuoi, cay trdng.
• HS van dung kien thii'c, lien he thuc te.

Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

- GV dua va'n dt thao - HS hoat ddng ca nhan.
luan:
+ van dung kien thiic
sinh hgc 9.
+ Bien di td hgp la gi?
+ Tai sao lai la phuong + Suy luan tim ra cau tra
phap CO ban tao nen bie'n ldi.
di td hgp?
- Hoat dgng nhdm.
+ Ket qua tao bien di td + Ca nhan trao ddi kie'n
thiic.
hgp la gi? Cho vf du?
+ Cd nhung phep lai nao + Thdng nhat y kien tra
sir dung di tao ngudn bien ldi.
di?
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Bien di td hgp la su td
hgp lai vat chat di truyen
vdn cd d bd me.
+ Phep lai da tao nen vat
cha't di truySn va cd di6u
kien trao ddi td hgfp lai
thanh kieu gen mdi.
+ Ket qua: Tao ra sd
lugng ldn kieu gen khac
nhau thi hien qua vd sd

kieu hinh.
+ Vf du: Trong phep lai 2
tfnh trang (hat vang, tron
- hat xanh, nhan) cua
Menden, d the he F2 tao
nen 16 td hgp vdi 4 nhdm
kieu hinh, 9 nhdm kieu
gen, nhirng kiiu hinh,mdi
xuat hien chfnh la kieu
hinh do bien di td hgp.
+ Cac phep lai: Tu thu
pha'n bat budc, giao phdi
can huyet, lai khac ddng,
lai kinh te...

Ngi dung


Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

- GV tiep tuc neu van de
de phan tfch vai trd cua
bien di td hgp.
Tai sao bie'n di td hgp cd - HS cd the van dung
vai trd dac biet quan trgng kien thiic vi dot bien gen,
trong viec tao gidng mdi? bieu hien cua kieu gen
ddng hgp, di hgp, td hgp
gen... rdi trao ddi trong

nhdm —> thdng nha't y
kien.
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Dot bien gen chi lam
xuat hien 1 gen mdi d
mgt ca the rieng le nao
dd.
+ Qua giao phdi gen dugc
phat tan trong quSn the.
+ Cac td hgp gen mdi
chfnh la ngudn nguyen
lieu cho chgn lgc gidng,
vi chung se dugc nhan len
thanh tap doan cay trdng,
vat nudi.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia,
bd sung kien thiic va gidi
thieu phep lai tao ngudn
bien di td hgp cho chgn
gidng.
- GV neu yeu c5u:
+ Quan sat hinh 22 SGK
trang 89.
+ Phan tfch qua trinh chgn
lgc td hgp gen mong mudn.

Ndi dung


Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt ddng cda HS

Ngi dung

1. Tao gidng thuan dira
tren
nguon bien d| td hgp
- HS quan sat hinh 22
- GV ggi y:
+ Chi ra phep lai dugc sii SGK —> van dung kie'n
thiic vi phuong phap lai,
dung trong so dd.
+ Ddng thuan cd kieu gen dac diem kieu gen ddng
hgp va di hgp de nhan
nhu the nao?
biet kie'n thiic.
- Thao luan nhanh trong
nhdm -^ thdng nha't y
kien.
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Sur dung phep lai: Tu
thu phan, giao phdi gin
(F1,F3).
+ Ddng thuan d F4 cd
kieu gen AAbbCC, F2 cd
kieu
gen
AABBcc,
AAbbcc.

- Dai dien HS trinh bay
—> ldp nhan xet.
GV nhan xet, danh gia va
y6u cau HS neu y nghia
ciia ddng thuin chung.
- HS van dung kien thiic
tra ldi:
Ddng thuin cd kieu gen
ddng nha't, di kiem tra
dugc bieu hien cua gen.
- Cac td hgp gen mdi
- GV nhan xet, danh gia,
ludn hinh thanh nhd sinh
giiip HS hoan thi6n kien
san hiiu tfnh.
thiic.
- Ca the mang td hgp gen
mdi dugc tu thu pha'n
hoac giao phdi gin de tao
ra ddng thuan.
- Lai cac td hgp ddng
thuan va chgn lgc td hgp
gen mong mudn.


Hogt dpng cua GV
- GV hdi:
+ Uu the lai la gi? Cho vf
du ve uu the lai.

Hogt dpng cua HS

- HS van dung kien thirc 2. Tao gidng lai co uu
sinh hgc 9 tra ldi.
the lai cao
- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Uu the lai the hien ro + Fl cd siic sdng cao hon
nha't trong trudng hgp bd me.
nao?
+ Vf du: Bap ngd cua co
+ Uu the lai vugt trgi so the lai Fl dai hon, to hon
vdi bd me thi hien nhu va sd hat nhidu hon bap
the nao?
ciia cay ngd tu thu pha'n
rat nhieu.
+ Uu the lai rd khi lai
giiia cac ddng thuan cd
kieu gen khac nhau.
+ Kieu hinh Fl ldn hon
so vdi bd me, dac biet la
nang xuat cao hon nhieu.
- Dai dien HS tra ldi ->
ldp nhan xet.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia.
- GV neu va'n d6:

- HS nghien ciiu SGK
trang 89 muc 11(2).

+ Hien tugng uu' the lai
dugc giai thfch nhu the - HS van dung kien thiic
nao?
sinh hgc 9 tra ldi.
+ Lam the nao de tao + Tfnh trang sd lugng do
duoc uu the lai?
nhieu gen trgi quy dinh.
+ Dang bd me thuan
chung nhieu gen lan d
trang thai ddng hgp bieu
hien tfnh trang xau.
+ Khi cho lai ca the cd
kieu gen trdi va kieu gen
lan chi cd gen trgi mdi
duoc bieu hien o F l .

10

Ndi dung


Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

Ngi dung

+ Gia thie't sieu trdi.

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va sir dung SG V trang 136
de nha'n manh.

+ Lai khac ddng, khac
thii, lai kinh te, lai thuan
nghich.
- Dai dien HS trinh bay
-> ldp nhan xet bd sung.

+ Trang thai di hgp ve
nhieu cap gen con lai cd
kieu hinh vugt trdi
(AA<Aa>aa).
+ Con lai cd uu the lai cao
cho tu thu pha'n qua cac
the he con lai cd kieu gen
ddng hgp -> uu the lai
giam.
+ Vai trd cua te bao chat
trong su hinh thanh mgt
sd tfnh trang.
- HS khai quat kien thiic
+ Khai niem uu the lai.
+ Giai thfch hien tugng
uu the lai.
+ Cac phuong phap tao
uu the lai.
Khdi niem:
Uu the lai la hien tugng
con lai cd nang sua't,

pham chat, sufc chdng
chiu, kha nang sinh
trudng phat trien vugt
trgi so vdi dang bd me.

11


Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

Ngi dung
* Giai thfch hien tugng:
Gia thiet sieu trgi.
AA < Aa > aa
* Phuong phap tao uu the
lai
- Tao ddng thuSn chung
khac nhau.
- Lai cac ddng thuSn
chirng vdi nhau.
- Tuyen chgn td hgp lai
mong mudn.
+ Lai thuan nghich
AA X aa
aa X AA
+ Lai khac ddng.
° Lai khac ddng don
A X B -> c (san xua't)

° Lai khac ddng kep
A x B ^ c CxF
ExD^F
G
Luu y:
- Uu the lai bieu hxtn
cao nhat d ddi con lai Fl,
sau dd giam din.
- Khdng dung con lai Fl
lam gidng.

HS van dung hieu biet
Hay neu cac thanh tuu thuc te, kiet hgp kien thiic
chgn gidng ,d Viet Nam ve sinh hgc 9 tra ldi:
vat nudi, cay trdng cd uu - Lgn 1 Mdng Cai x Dai
Bach -^ con lai Fl tang
the lai.
trgng nhanh, ti le thit nac
cao.
* Lien he

12


Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

Ngi dung

- Bd vang Thanh Hoa lai
vdi bd Hosten Ha Lan ->
con lai Fl cd trgng lugng
tang, san lugng siia nhieu
hon
- Gidng ngd, lua, dau
tuong, lac...
4. Kiem tra danh gia

GV yeu cau HS tdm tat kien thiic bai hgc.
5. Dan do

• Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK.
• Suu tam tu lieu ve chgn gidng vat nudi cay trdng.
• Dgc muc "Em cd bie't?"

Bdi 23
CHON GIONG VAT NUOI VA CAY TRONG (tiep theo)
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kie'n thurc

• HS hieu dugc co sd khoa hgc cua viec gay dot bi6'n de tao ngudn vat lieu cho
chgn gidng vat nudi, cay trdng.
• Nang cao kT nang phan tfch hien tugng de tim hieu ban chat cua su viec qua
chgn, tao gidng mdi tir ngudn bien di dot bien.
2. KT nang

• Phan tfch thdng tin phat hien kien thiic.
• van dung If thuyet vao thuc tiln.
II. CHUAN Bj

• Tranh hinh 4.1,4.2 SGK trang 21, 22 phdng to.
• Tu lieu ve chgn gidng vat nudi, cay trdng.
• Cud'n "450 gidng cay trdng mdi nang suat cao" ciia tac gia Dudng Hdng Dat.
13


III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
• Phan biet ngudn gen tu nhien va ngudn gen nhan tao, neu lgi fch cua mdi
ngudn gen nay?
• Nguyen nhan tao nen bie'n di td hgp? Tai sao bien di td hgp la quan trgng
cho chgn gidng vat nudi, cay trdng?
2. Trong tam
• Gay dot bie'n lam thay ddi vat lieu di truyen cua sinh vat: Gay dot bie'n bang
tac nhan vat If, hoa hgc de cd ngudn vat lieu khdi dSu cho chgn gidng.
• Chgn lgc va true tie'p nhan thanh gidng mdi hoac diing lam bd me de lai
gidng tao gidng cd nang suat cao ddi vdi nhiing the dot bie'n cd lgi.
3. Bai mdi
GV dan dat: Ngoai viec chgn gidng tir ngudn bie'n di td hgp, con ngudi cdn gay
dot bie'n de lam thay ddi gidng va chgn lgc gidng phii hgp vdi nhu cau ve nang
suat va cha't lugng.
Hogt dpng 3
TAO GIONG BANG PHUONG PHAP GAY DOT BIEN
Muc tieu:
• HS nam dugc co sd khoa hgc ciia viec gay dot bien tao ngudn vat lieu cho
chgn gidng.
• HS bie't van dung If thuyet giai thfch cac hien tugng thuc te.
Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

- GV dua van de:
Gidng ngd ne'p VN2 ciia
Viet Nam cd nang sua't la
40 ta/ ha. Ne'u cham sdc
that tdt cd the cho nang
- HS van dung kien thiic
suat tdi 80 ta/ha hay
tra ldi:
khdng? Vi sao?
+ Gidng ngd —> kieu gen.
+ Nang sua't —> kieu hinh.
+ Cham sdc -^ mdi trudng.
14

Ngi dung
1. Khai niem ve tao
gidng
bdng
phuong
phap gay dot bien


Hogt dpng cua GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

Npi dung

+ Kieu gen quy dinh gidi

han nang suat ciia mdt
gidng vat nudi hay cay
trdng.
+ Gidng ngd ne'p VN2 cd
the cho nang suat 45 ta/ha
chir khdng the cho nang
suat 80 ta/ha vi kieu gen
quy dinh.
- GV hdi: Mudn tang
nang sua't vdi gidng ngd
VN2 con ngudi can ap
dung kl thuat nao? Co sd
khoa hgc cua ki thuat dd
lagi?

HS cd the tra ldi:
+ Mudn tang nang sua't
cua gidng ngd VN2 hay
cua cac gidng khac can
phai lam thay ddi vat lieu
di truyen.
+ Sir dung cac tac nhan If
hoa lam bie'n ddi gen,
NST...

- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va giang giai miic tran ve
nang sua't ciia kieu gen cu
the.
- GV hdi: The' nao la tao

- HS van dung kie'n thiic
gidng bang phuong phap
sinh hgc 9 tra ldi -^ ldp
gay dot bie'n?
nhan xet
- GV nhan xet va bd sung
kie'n thiic.
Gay dot bien tao gidng
mdi la phuong phap sii
dung cac tac nhan vat If
va hoa hgc nham lam
thay ddi vat lieu di truyen
cua sinh vat de phuc vu
cho lgi fch cua con ngudi.

15


Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

2. Chu trinh tao gidng
mdi bang phuong phap
gay dot bien

- GV gidi thieu khai quat
qua trinh tao gidng mdi
bang phuong phap gay
dot bie'n gdm 3 budc, sau

dd HS di sau tim hieu
timg budc.

a) Xic li mdu bdng tdc
nhdn gdy dot Men

- GV neu van de:
+ Cd nhiing tac nhan If
hoa nao diing de gay dot
bien?
+ Tai sao lai phai lua
chgn tac nhan, lieu lugng
va thdi gian xir If cua tac
nhan gay dot bie'n?
- HS van dung kien thiic
sinh hgc 9 va bai 4 SGK
sinh hgc 12 nang cao de
nhan biet kie'n thiic.
- HS neu dugc:
+ Cac loai tia phdng xa,
tia tii ngoai...
.+ Hoa cha't:
cdnsixin...

NMU,

+ Phai lua chgn tac nhan
vi neu sir dung sai cd the
gay chet hoac anh hudng
xa'u de'n sinh vat.

- Dai dien HS tra ldi -^
ldp nhan xet.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va yeu cau HS khai quat
kie'n thiic.

16

Npi dung


Hogt dpng cua GV

Npi dung

Hogt dpng cda HS

- Tac nhan gay dot bien
bao gdm: Tia phdng xa,
tia tir ngoai, xdc nhiet,
cdnsixin, EMS, NMU...

- GV bd sung kie'n thiic:
+ Tia phdng xa: Kfch
thfch va ion hoa cac
nguyen tir khi chiing di
xuyen qua cac md sdng.
+ Tia tir ngoai: Chi cd tac
dung kfch thfch nen chi
dung xir If bao tii, hat

pha'n, vi sinh vat.

- Lira chgn tac nhan gay
dot bie'n thfch hgp, tim
hieu lieu lugng, xac dinh
thdi gian xir If tdi im.

+ Sdc nhiet: Tang giam
nhiet do dot nggt gay
chan thuong bd may di
truyen.
+ Cdnsixin can trd hinh
thanh thoi vd sdc.
+ EMS lam thay G bang
T hoac X hau qua la cap
G - X bi thay bang T - A
hoac X - G.
- GV neu va'n de:

- HS hoat ddng nhdm.

b) Chgn lgc cdc the dot
bien cd kieu hinh mong

+ Tai sao sau khi gay dot + Ca nhan nghien ciiu mudn
SGK trang 92 muc 1(b)
bie'n phai chgn lgc?
+ Dua vao dau de chgn de nhan biet kien thiic.
dugc the dot bie'n mong + HS van dung kien thiic
chuong I de bd sung kien

mudn?
thiic ve the dot bien cd
lgi, cd hai, trung tfnh...
- Thao luan nhdm thdng
nha't y kie'n tra ldi.
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Dot bie'n thudng vd
hudng.

17


Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

Npi dung

+ De chgn dugc gidng
mong mud'n phai chgn lgc
cac dot bie'n cd lgi trong
cac dot bie'n dugc tao ra.
+ Dua vao dac diem nhan
bie't de tach dot bie'n ra
khdi ca the khac, nhu dd'i
vdi vi khuan d mdi trudng
khuyet dudng.
- Dai dien HS tra ldi -^
ldp nhan xet.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien
kie'n thiic.

Chgn lgc nhiing the dot
bie'n mong mudn la dua
vao nhirng dac diem cd
the nhan biet dugc de
tach ra khdi cac ca the
khac.
c) Tgo ddng thudn chiing

- GV neu van di:
+ Tai sao phai tao ddng - HS van dung kie'n thiic
thuan chiing theo gen dot tra ldi:
bie'n vira gay dugc?
+ Ciing cd dot bien mdi.
+ Tao ddng thuan chiing + Cho sinh san.
nay bang each nao?
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va giiip .HS hoan thien
kie'n thiic.

- Nhan bie't dugc the dot
bie'n mong mud'n cho
chiing sinh san de nhan
len thanh ddng thuan
chimg theo dot bien tao
dugc
- Ciing eg the dot bien cd
lgi nay.

18


Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

Npi dung
3. Mgt so thanh tuu tao
gidng bang gay dot bien
d Viet Nam
a) Gdy dot Men bdng tdc
nhdn vdt li

- GV hdi:
De gay dot bie'n d thuc
vat bang tac nhan vat If
ngudi ta tie'n hanh nhu the'
nao? Cho vf du.

- HS ket hgp SGK va
kie'n thiic sinh hgc 9 de
tra ldi -^ ldp bd sung.
- Vf du:
+ Gidng lac D332 dugc
tao ra do xir If dot bien
gidng Sen lai, dugc phep
khu vuc hoa nam 1995.
+ cay cao 60 cm, cay

Cling, la to, thdi gian sinh
trudng 1 2 6 ^ 130 ngay.
+ Nang suat: 18 ta/ha hat
deu, vd nhan, ti le nhan
72%, cay chiu ret tdt.

- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va giiip HS hoan thien
kie'n thiic.

- Chie'u xa vdi lieu lugng
thfch hgp vao hat nay
mam, dinh sinh trudng
gay nen dot bie'n gen, dot
bie'n NST, tao ra cac the
dot bie'n.
- Chgn lgc the dot bien
cd lgi nhan lam gidng
mdi hoac diing lam bd
me de lai gidng.
VD: Gidng liia Moc
tuyen xii li bang tia
gama.

19


Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV neu yeu cau:

Hogt dpng cda HS

Npi dung

- HS hoat ddng ca nhan.

b) Gdy dot Men bdng cdc
tdc nhdn hod hgc

+ Quan sat hinh 4.1 va + Van dung kie'n thiic -^
4.2 phdng to
nhan biet co che.
+ Trinh bay co che' gay + Trao ddi va trinh bay
dot bie'n do chat 5-BU.
dot bie'n thay the' cap A-T
+ Trinh bay co che' gay da bang G-X va da bdi chan.
bdi the d thuc vat cua le, do thoi vd sac khdng
dugc hinh thanh -> NST
chat cdnsixin.
khdng phan li.
-

- Dai dien HS trinh bay
—> ldp nhan xet.
* Ca che:

- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va bd sung hoan thien
kie'n thiic.

- Hoa chat 5-BU, EMS
tham vao te' bao gay sao
chep nhim lan hoac lam
bien ddi ca'u tnic gen.
- Cdnsixin tham vao md
dang phan bao can trd
hinh thanh thoi vd sac
lam cho NST nhan ddi
nhung khdng phan li nen
tao te' bao cd bd tu" bdi
4n.

- GV yeu cau HS ke bang
"Thanh tuu gay dot bien
bang tac nhan hoa hgc"
nhu SGV trang 141 va
hoan thanh cac ndi dung.

- HS van dung kien thiic
thuc te' ket hgp vdi cac tu
lieu suu tam ghi them
mdt sd gidng nhu liia.
rau, dau tam, lac...

- GV thdng bao dap an - Cac nhdm theo ddi va
de HS so sanh ke't qua.
sira chira neu can.

20

Ten giong

Tac nhan
dung xir If

Giong ban dau

Dac diem thanh phan

Tao ma hong

Tao Gia LOc

NMU

2 vu qua/nam, qua ngpt, thorn,
cui day.

Dau tam tam bdi so 12.

Dau tCf boi lai dau iuQng
boi.

Consixin

La to, ban day, nang suat cao.

Lua xuan 10

NN8/xuan/pelital

QMS 0,02%

Nang suat tang 61,8 ta/ha.

Rau mu6ng tir boi.

Rau muong luang boi.

Hoa chat

Than la to, nang sua't gap dOi
300 ta/ha.

4. Kiem tra danh gia
GV yeu cau HS tdm tat kien thiic bai hgc.
5. Dan do
• Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK.
• Suu tam tu lieu ve cdng nghe te' bao.

Bai 24
TAO GIONG BANG CONG NGHE TE BAO
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kien thurc
• HS neu dugc cac iing dung cdng nghe te' bao trong chgn gidng cay trdng vat
nudi.
• HS bie't dugc tir thanh tuu ciia cdng nghe te' bao trong chgn tao gidng mdi d
vat nudi, cay trdng, tir dd xay dung dugc niem tin vao khoa hgc ve cdng tac

tao gidng mdi.
2. KT nang
• Phan tfch xir If thdng tin de phat hien kieh thiic.
• van dung If thuye't vao thuc tien.
II. CHUAN B!
• Tranh:
- ca'u tao hoa ludng tfnh.
- Qua trinh giam phan.
21


- Qua trinh phat sinh giao tir d thuc vat, ddng vat.
- Nhan ban vd tfnh d cim Ddly.
- Cay truyen phdi bd.
Phie'u hgc tap
TlM Hiiu KITHUAT TAO G|6NG THl/C VAT
Noi dung/KT

Nuoi cay
hat phan

Nuoi cay TBTV in
vitro tao mo seo

Chon dong te bao
xoma CO bien dj

Dung hdp
te bao tran

Nguon nguyen lieu
ban dau
Co sd DT
Tien hanh
LTu diem
Vidu

III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
• Trinh bay quy trinh tao gidng mdi bang phuong phap gay dot bie'n.
• Trinh bay mdt sd thanh tUu tao gidng bang gay dot bie'n d Viet Nam.
2. Trong tam
• Tao gidng thuc vat, chii y phuong phap nudi cay hat pha'n, nudi ca'y te' bao.
• Cdng nghe te' bao d ddng vat: Uu diem ndi bat la nhanh chdng cho san pham
vdi sd lugng ldn, cha't lugng cao.
3. Bai mdi
• GV ggi y de HS nhd lai hinh thiic sinh san vd tfnh d thuc vat va ddng vat,
giai thfch co sd khoa hgc.
• HS cd the neu dugc: La cay hoa da roi xudng da't am sau mdt thdi gian mgc
len nhieu cay hoa da con hoan chinh, nhan ban vd tfnh d cim Ddly. Co sd
khoa hgc dd la tfnh toan nang cua te' bao.
• GV nhan xet va dSn dat HS vao bai hgc.
Hogt dpng 1
TIM HIEU TAG GIONG THUC VAT
Muc tieu:
• HS phan tfch cac ki thuat tao gidng thuc vat.
22


• HS neu dugc uu die'm cua timg kT thuat.

• HS bie't van dung If thuyet vao thuc tien.
Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cua HS

Npi dung

- GV hdi:
Cdng nghe te' bao la gi?

- HS van dung kie'n thiic
de tra ldi:
+ Khai niem cdng nghe te'
bao.
+ Uu the' cua cdng nghe
te' bao.

- GV nhan xet va bd
sung kie'n thiic.

* Cdng nghe te'bdo:
- La nganh san xua't theo
quy md cdng nghiep, sii
dung cac dd'i tugng la vat
cha't sdng de san xuat ra
cac thanh pham hang hoa
phuc vu lgi ich con ngudi.
- Cdng nghe te' bao lam
thay ddi nhanh chdng cac
gidng vat nudi, cay trdng

ca ve chat lugng va sd
lugng.

- GV dan dat: Tao gidng
thuc vat gdm cac ki thuat
nhu: Nudi ca'y hat phan
(bao pha'n), nudi ca'y te'
bao thuc vat in vitro tao
md seo, tao gidng bang
chgn ddng te' bao xdma
cd bie'n di, dung hgp te'
bao tran.
- GV: De tim hie'u rd cac
kT thuat tren GV yeu cau
HS:

23


Hogt dpng cda GV

Npi dung

Hogt dpng cda HS

+ Quan sat cac tranh
hinh: Qua trinh giam
phan, qua trinh phat sinh
giao tir...
+ Hoan thanh ngi dung

phie'u hgc tap.
- HS hoat ddng ca nhan,
nghien ciiu SGK trang 95,
96 nhan bie't kien thiic
theo cac ndi dung phie'u
hgc tap.
- HS hoat ddng nhdm:
Trao ddi ve cac kie'n thiic
mdi phat hien -> thdng
nha't y kie'n -^ ghi phie'u
hgc tap.
- GV cd the chiia bai - Dai dien cac nhdm ghi
bang each:
dap an len bang hoac theo
+ Ke phie'u hgc tap len ddi phieu hgc tap cua
nhdm khac tren may
bang de HS ghi dap an.
chie'u.
+ Chie'u phie'u hgc tap
- Ldp trao ddi bo sung.
ciia mgt sdnhdm.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia - Cac nhdm theo ddi va
tu sira chiia (ne'u can).
va thdng bao dap an.
Noi
dung/KT
-NguOn
nguyfin
lieu ban

Nuoi cay hat, phoi

Nuoi ca'y TBTV in vitro
tao mo seo

Chon dong TB
xoma CO bien di

Dung hdp
te bao trIn

- Hat phan (n)

T6' bao (2n)

T6' bao 2n

2 dong te bao c6
b6 NST 2n cua hai
loai khac nhau.

- Hat phan ri6ng le
moc thanh dbng t^
bao don bSi.

- Tao dong thuan Iu8ng
bfli.
- Tao m6i trudng nu6i
cay chuan co bd sung
Hoocm6n

- Dua vao dflt bie'n
gen va bi^n dj s6
lirong NST tao thd
lech bfli khac
nhau.

- Lai xa, lai khac
loai tao thd song
nhi bOi khdng
thdng qua lai hOu
tfnh, tranh hidn
tugng bat thu cua
con lai.

dau
-Cosd

DT

- Tao dong thuan
li/9ng bOi tCr dong
don boi.

24


Noi
dung/KT
- Tie'n

hanh

Nuoi cay hat, phoi
- Nudi hat pha'n trdn
mdi trirdng nhan tao
- Chon Ipc cac ddng
dan bdi bieu hien tinh
trang mong mudn -^
cho ludng bdi hoa.

- L/u didm

- Hidu qua cao khi
chpn cac cay cd dac
tinh khang thudc didt
CO, chiu lanh, khang
bdnh...

Nuoi ca'y TBTV in vitro
tao mo seo

Chondong TB
xoma CO bien di

Dung hdp
te bao tran

- Nudi trdn mdi trudng
nhan tao tao md seo, bd
sung Hoocmdn kich thich

sinh trudng cho phat tridn
thanh cay trudng thanh.

- Nudi trdn mdi
trudng nudi ca'y
nhan tao - > chpn
Ipc cac ddng td
bdo cd ddt bien
gen va bie'n dj sd
lugng NST khdc
nhau.

- Tao td bdo tran
cho dung hgp hai
khdi nhan va te
bao chat thanh
mdt, nudi trong mdi
trudng nhdn tao
cho
phat
then
thanh cay lai.

- Nhan nhanh cac gidng
cay trdng cd nang sua't
cao thfch nghi vdi didu
kien sinh thai, chdng chju
sau bdnh.

- Tao gidng cdy

trdng mdi cd cac
kidu gen
khac
nhau ciJa cung mdt
gidng ban dau.

- Gidng mdi mang
dac didm cija ca
hai loai ma each
tao
gidng
mdi
thdng
thudng
khdng
thd
tao
dugc.

- Tao thanh cdng d khoai
tay, mfa, diia, ca rdt...

- Gidng lua DR2
chju han, chju
ndng, nang suat
cao, la gidng dugc
chpn tCf ddng te
bdo xdma bidn dj
cua
gidng

lua
CR203.

- Tao dugc cay
pomato lai giiJa cd
chua va khoai tay.

- Cac ddng nhdn
dugc
ddu
thuan
chung, tinh trang
chpn ipc se rat dn
djnh.
-Vidu

- Lua chidm chiu
lanh d nhidt dd 8 ^
10°C

Hogt dpng cda GV

Hogt dpng cda HS

Npi dung

GV neu cau hdi thao - HS quan sat tranh qua
trinh giam phan, qua trinh
luan:
- Tai sao d mdi giao tir giao tir due, cai.

deu cd sd lugng NST la n - HS ke't hgp SGK va ndi
nhung lai khdng gidng dung phie'u hgc tap.
nhau ve kieu gen?
- Trao ddi nhdm tra ldi:
- Cd may each lai tao + Giao tir mang td hgp
thanh cdng the ludng bdi? gen cua bd me khac nhau
do bie'n di td hgp, khi nudi

25