Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 11 nâng cao (tập 1) phần 2

Bai 12. ANH HirdNG C O A CAC NHAN TO
MOI TRLTONG OEN HO HAP
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kien thurc
- HS trinh bay duge mdi lien quan chat ehe giiia hd hap va nhiet d6, ham
lugng nudc, ndng dp Oj va CO2.
- Giai thich dugc qua trinh van dung mdi lien quan giiia hd hip va cac didu
kien mdi trudng trong bao quan nong san, thuc phdm, rau qua.
2. KT nang
Ren mot so kT nang:
- Phan tich tdng hgp.
- Tu duy logic.
- Hoat dpng dpc lap, hoat dpng nhdm.
- van dung kieh thiic vao thue tidn.
II. THIET B! D A Y - H O C
- Tranh hmh, dd thi SGK phdng to.
- Giao trinh sinh li thuc vat (cao dang su pham).
Dd thi: Mdi quan hp giiia nhiet dp va hd ha'p.
A - Tac dung kich thich ciia nhipt dp.
B - Tac dung pha huy nguyen sinh chat cua nhipt dp.
C - Dudng cong thuc nghipm cua cudng dp hd hap phu thupc nhipt dp (T
tdi im = 40oC). Tit nhiet dp tdi thap deh nhiet dp tdi uu, ho hap tang tuy^n
tinh (trang 172 sdch Sinh li thitc vat cao ddng sUpham).
III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
- HS trinh bay tdm tat cac giai doan cua qua trinh ho hap.
- Tai sao ndi hd hap dugc xem la qua trinh sinh li trung tam ciia cay xanh?
2. Trong tam
- Mdi lien quan chat che giira cac nhan td nhiet dp, ham lugng nude, ndng dp
O2.. ddi vdi thuc vat.
- Vail de bao quan nong san.

128


. Bai mdi

Md bai: GV gidi thipu vd mpt thi nghipm nhu sach GV hudng dan va yeu cau
HS hoan thanh cac npi dung trong bang "anh hudng cua mdi trudng de'n su nay
mdm ciia hat".
Dieu kien moi tn/cfng

Qoi tUdng chon
HSA

-O2, CO2, nhiet dp, nudc

HSB

- Oa, anh sang, nhiet d6. nudc

HSC

- O2, nU6c, nhiet do

Ket qua

- GV hdi:
+ Hat nay m^m c^n nhan td mdi trudng iiao?
Hat nay mdm lien quan de'n qua trinh hd hap nhu the nao?
- Tii y kie'n cua HS, GV dan dat vao npi dung bai hoc.
Hoqt dpng 1: Tim hi^u anh hirdng cua cac nh^n to' moi trudng den ho ha'p

Muc tieu:
- HS chi ra dugc mdi lien quan chat che gifla cac nhan td moi IrUdng va hd
hap.*

- HS phan tich duge dd thi.
- HS tha'y dugc tinh thdng nh^t giua cSfu tao va chiic nang.
Hoqt ddng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Npi dung

1. Anh hudng cua nhiet
- GV neu v ^ dd: tai sao
he hap phu thupc chat che - HS nghien cdu SGK k^: dp
vao nhiet dd?
hgp vdi kien thiJc bM 11 dd
tra Idi, yeu eau neu dugc:
- GV danh gia y ki^n ciia
HS va khang dinh co sd
khoa hpc cua anh hudng
ciia nhiet dp d^n he hap.
- GV bd sung kieii thdc:

+ Ban chat ciia qua trinh hd

hap.
+ Hoat ddng ciia enzirn phu
thuoc vao nhiet dP vi enzim
cd thanh phdn la prdtein.

+ Hd hap man theo qui tac - HS khai quat ki6i thtrc.
ciia Vant Hoff la he sd
9-SINH HOC n/KNC)

129


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Ndi dung

Hoat ddng cua HS

nhiet dp cua phan dng bang
2, tdc khi tang len 10''C thi
tdc dp phan ling tang len 2

* Co sd anh hudng ciia

lan.

nhiet dp d^n hO ha'p.

+ Thuc vat la co the sdng

-

nen qui tac Vant Hoff chi

phan ung hoa hoc vdi su

dung trong mpt gidi han

xdc tac ciia cac enzim.

nha't dinh (O - < 40'*C).
- Bi

Hd hap bao gdm cac

- Hoat dpng cua enzim phu

tim hieu gidi han

thupc vao nhiet dp.

nhiet dp cua hd hap GV
yeu cau:
+ Quan sat hinh 12.1 SGK
trang 51.
+ Quan sat so dd quan he
giira nhiet dp va hd ha'p .
+ Chi ra cac gidi han nhiet.

- HS quan sat tranh hinh so * Gidi han nhiet dp cua ho
dd.

ha'p.

- Trao ddi nhom.
- Xac dinh: Nhiet dp tdi
thap, nhiet dp tdi uu, nhiet
dp tdi da.
-> Tha'y dugc mdi quan he
giiJa ca'u tao va chiic nang.

- Nhiet dp td'i thap: (Tir
O^C-J-IO'C).
+ La nhiet dp ma cay bat
din cd bidu hien hO ha'p.
+ Nhiet dp td'i thap cdn tuy
thupc vko loai cay d vung
sinh thai khac nhau.
- Nhiet dp tdi uu (ttr 3Q"C

130

- HS cd thd thac mac:

-> SS^C).

+ Nhihig cay sd'ng d sa mac
ndng nhu Sahara van phat
tridn dugc binh thudng vi
sao?

+ La nhiet dp ma cudng dp
ho ha'p dat gia tri cao nhat.
- Nhiet dp tdi da (tir 40 45°C), d nhiet dp qua cao

Hoqt ddng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Ndidung

+ Vung bang tuyet thOng la thi protein bi bie'n tinh, ca'u
nhpn vln hd ha'p dugc vi true chat nguyen sinh bi
sao?
pha huy, cay chet.
- GV di ldp thao luan tu
tra Idi cau hdi va nha'n
manh ki^n thiic: nhiing
thuc vat sdng d viing cue
ndng va viing cue lanh da
thich nghi dac biet vdi mdi
- HS nghien ciiu SGK trang
trudng.
2. Ham lugng nudc
- GV hoi: nude eo vai tro 51 muc 11ttaIdi.
nhu the' nao Uong qua trinh -Yeu cau neu dugc:
ho hap?
+ Vai tto dung mOi.
+ Tham gia vao hP ha'p.
- HS tra Idi -> ldp nhan xet
bd sung.
* Vai tro cua nudc dd'i vdi
- HS cd thd minh hoa bang hd hdp.

vidu:
- Nudc la dung mPi, moi
Hat thoe, ngd phoi khd cd trudng cho cac phan ling
dp am khoang 13%, cd hoa sinh xay ra ttong hO
cudng dp hP ha'p ra't thap.
ha'p.
- Tham gia ttuc tiep vao
viec dxi hoa nguyen lieu h6
hap.
* Ham luong nUdc vd
cudng dd hd hdp.
- Cudng dp ho hap ti le
thuan vdi ham lugng nude
eiia CO the, co quan ho hap.
- GV bd sung kien thiic:
+ Khi tang ham lupng nudc
trong hat len 30 - 35% thi

- Ham lugng nude trong eo
quan hd ha'p cang cao thi
cudng dp hd ha'p cang cao

131


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoat ddng cua HS

cudng dp hd hap tang len

Ndi dung
va ngugc lai.

hang nghin lan.
+ Hd hap tang chii yeu la
hd hap vo hipu lam khdi
hat ndng len.
+ Vdi rau qua tuoi thi dp
am bao hoa hay gan bao
hoa thi cudng dp ho hap la

- HS nghien ciiu SGK trang

3. Anh hudng cua nong

51 m u e n .

Aii O2 va CO;

nhd nhat.

- Yeu cin neu dugc:

- GV hdi: anh hudng ciia

+ Hoat dpng chu yeu ciia

ndng dp O2 va COj ddi vdi

Pxi ttong ho ha'p.

ho hap dua uen co sd khoa

+ Ham lugng CO2 ttong

hpc nao?

moi trudng.

* Co sd khoa hpc

- GV nhan xet danh gia va

- Oxi tham gia true tiep

giup HS hoan thipn kie'n

vao dxi hoa cac chat hihi co

thlie.

trong hd hap.
- Oxi la chat nhan dipn t&
cudi

ciing

ttong

chudi

chuydn dipn tit, sau dd hinh
thanh nudc.
- CO2 la san p h ^ eiia qua
Uinh hd hap.
-

Cae phan ling dd giai

phdng CO2 vao khdng khi
la phan ilng thuan nghich.
- HS nghien ciiu SGK ttang
52.

- Khi ham lugng CO2 trong
mdi trudng cao thi phan

- GV hoi: Ndng dp Pxi va

- Phan tich hinh 12.2 va tta

ling chuydn dich theo chidu

ndng dp COj trong khi

Idi:

nghich va ho hap bi lie eh^.

quydn anh hudng tdi hP

+ So sanh ndng dp CO;
khPng khi va ttong te bao.

* Anh hudng cua nong dp O2

hap nhu the nao?

+ Neu ndng dp oxi giam se

132

~ Ndng dp O2 ttong khong


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS
anh hudng de'n cay ttdng.

Npi dung
khi giam dudi 10% -^ hd
hap bi anh hudng.
- Ndng dp O2 giam xudng
dudi 5% -> cay chuydn
sang phan giai ki khi.
* anh hudfig cua nong dp CO2
- Ham lupng CO2 ttong
khPng khi thap.

- GV nhan xet va bd sung
ki^n thiic.

- Ne'u ham lugng CO2 tang
cao se lie ehe' hP hap.

Hoqt dpng 2: Ho ha'p va van de bao quan nong san
Muc tieu:
- HS giai thich dugc viec van dung mdi lien quan giiia ho hap va cac didu
kien moi trudng trong vipc bao quan ndng san.
- Lien ha thuc tidn.
Hoqt ddng cua GV

Hoqt ddng cda HS

Npi dung

1. Muc tieu cua bao quan
- GV neu vah dd: muc
tieu ciia viec bao quan - HS van diang kig^n thtic da
nPng san la gi?
hpc d mPn cPng nghe 10 dd - GiiJ duoc deh miic tdi da
tta Idi.
sd lugng va chat lugng cua
dd'i tugng bao quan trong
sudt qua trinh bao quan.
- GV hdi:
+ Trong qua ttinh bao - HS van dung kie'n thiic
quan,. nguyen, nhan nao eua bai 11 va thuc t^ viec

lam n6ng san bi hu hong? bao quan ndng san.
+ Co sd khoa hoc cua vipc - Thao luan nhanh trong
bao quan ndng san la gi? nhdm ddttaIdi.
- Yeu c^u neu dugc:
+ Trong qua trinh bao quan
133


Hoat ddng cua GV

Hoqt ddng cua HS

Ndi dung

cd nhidu nguyen nhan lam
hong nong san, dd la do vi
sinh vat, chupt bp, do hoat
dpng ho hap ciia chinh
ndng san.
+ Co sd khoa hpc: nong
san la nhi5ng co quan, bp
phan cdn* sd'ng nen vln con
hoat dpng hd ha'p. Nen can
lam giam hd ha'p d miic
- GV nhan xet danh gia y
thap nhat.
kien cua HS.
- GV din dat: trong thuc
t^ con ngudi can khdng
che' ho hap nhung phai

dam bao hipu qua bao
quan cao -> Tun hidu hau
qua eua hO ha'p ddi vdi
viec bao quan.
- GV neu eau hoi: hd ha'p
da gay nen hau qua nhu
the nao cho nong san cho
qua ttinh bao quan?

- HS nghien ciiu SGK
trang 52, 53 dd tra Idi.
- Yeu cin neu dupe 4 hau
qua chinh, dd la:
+ Tieu hao chat hiiu co
+ Dp am.
+ Nhiet dp.
+ Thanh phSn khi.

~ GV nhan xet danh gia - HS trinh bay -^ ldp bd
- HO ha'p tieu hao chat hiiu
va yeu cin HS khai quat sung.
CO ciia nOng san.
kie'n thlie.
- HO hap lam tang dp im
cua nPng san.
- HO ha'p lam tang nhiet dd

134

Hoqt ddng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Npi dung
trong mdi ttudng bao quan.

- HS van dung ki^n thlie dd - HO hap lam thay ddi
- GV neu cau hdi thao
thao luan nhdm thdng nhat thanh phan khi trong mOi
luan:
ttudng bao quan.
y kien, yeu cau neu duge:
+ Tai sao hd hap cua nong
+ Trong thdi ki dinh dudng
san ttong qua trmh bao
eua cay tieu hao chat hiiu
quan lai bi tieu hao chat
CO trong hd hap dugc bii lai
hihi ccf?
blng hoat dpng quang hpp,
+ Vi sao ho hap lam tang tirong bao quan thi khdng
dp in\ ciia nong san?
cd su bii lai chat hiiu co ma
+ Viec tang nhiet dp trong chi cd bi tieu hao, hd hap
mOi trudng bao quan gay cang manh nOng san phan
nen anh hudng gi?
huy cang nhanh.
+ Thanh phan khi ttong + Dua vao phuong ttinh hO
mOi uudng bao quan thay hap biet dugc qua trinh hd

ddi nhu the nao?
ha'p sinh ra nudc, lugng
nudc se dupe tich tu va
tang dp am ciia nOng ph^m,
va khi dp £m vugt qual3%
thi hd hap tang va vi sinh
'
vat phat trien.
+ Trong hd hap cdn sinh ra
nhiet tu do lam tang nhipt
dp trong khdi nong san va
kich thich hoat dpng phan
huy cua cac vi sinh vat.
+ Khi hd hap tang thi lugng
khi O2 giam, lucmg khi CO2
tang nhidu ttong. mOi
ttudng bao quan thi hd ha'p
cd thd chuydn sang hO hap
~ GV nhan xet danh gia y y^m khi se phan huy nhanh
kie'n thao luan eiia cac chdng cac cha't hiiu co

135


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt ddng cua HS

Ndi dung

nhdm va dua van dd: dd ttong nOng p h ^ .
tang hieu qua ciia cdng
tac bao quan ndng san
phim thi phai cd bien
phap gi ngay sau khi thu
- HS cd the tta Idi "
hoach?
+ Thu hoach nhanh gpn.
+ Khdng che' hd hap cua
ndng san.
- GV hdi: tai sao cac bipn
phap bao quan ddu nham
mpt muc dich giam miic
tdi thidu cudng dp hd
hap?

- HS sft dung kieh thiic da
tie'p thu dugc ttong bai dd
tra Idi:

3. Cac bien phap bao
quan

+ Muc dich eiia bao quan
la bao tdn sd lugng va chat
lugng cho vat bao quan.
+ Hd hap manh se tieu hao
nhanh chat lugng.

- GV yeu c^u: em hay

van dung kieh thiic bp
mdn eOng nghe 10 ttinh
bay cac bipn phap bao
quan ndng san.

- HS cd thd ttinh bay qui
trinh bao quan ndng san.
+ Bao quan luong thuc.
+ Bao quan rau qua tuoi.

- GV tdm tat: trong gidi
han bai hpc ehi tim hidu 3
bien phap bao quan chii
yeu dd la: bao quan khd,
bao quan lanh, bao quan
- HS cd the dua ra vi du vd
nhd ndng dp khi COj.
bao quan mdt sd ndng san.

a) Bdo quan khd
- Hat dugc phoi khO vdi
dp am khoang 13 - 16%
tu^ theo timg loai hat.
- Bao quan hat ttong cac
kho Idn.

+ Bao quan thdc ttong kho b) Bdo qudn lanh
Silo.
- Da sd cac loai thuc ph^m
+ Bao quan san lat khO.

rau qua.
136


Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt ddng cua GV

Ndi dung

+ Bao quan khoai lang tucri - Ndng san dugc giir trong
bang cat kho.
cac kho lanh, tu lanh d cac
+ Bao quan theo each ngan cd nhiet dp khac
truydn thdng bang chum, nhau.
vai, thiing phuy.

-

c) Bdo qudn trong dieu
+ Bao quan rau qua tuoi kien ndng dp CO2 cao gay
dc chehd hdp
bang chieu xa.
- Xac dinh ndng dp COj
thich hgp ddi vdi cac ddi
tugng bao quan va muc
dich bao quan.

* Cung cd: MO'i hen quan
thuan giiJa ho hap vdi cdc

ye^u td moi ttudng la co sd
dd ed bien phap bao quan
nOng san nham giam tdi
da tieu hao vd chat lugng
va sd lupng nOng san.

- Sir dung cac kho kin cd
ndng dp CO2 eao hon.
- Sir dung tui polietilen.

IV. KI^M TRA DANH GIA
- GV cho HS ve d6 thi hoac so dd bidu thi mdi lien quan gifta hd hap va cac
ye'u td mdi trudng.
- Co sd va cac bipn phap bao quan ndng san.
V. DAN DO
- Hpc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK.
- Chuan bi bai thuc hanh.
+ HS dpc trudc bai 13.
+ Mdi nhdm chu^n bi 3 loai la: khoai lang, la dau, la san day (ne'u cd) cdn
turn.

137


Bai 13. ThLTc hanh: TACH CHIET SAC TO TLf LA
VA TACH CAc NHOM SAC TO
BANG PHl/ONG PHAP HOA HOC
I. MUC TIEU
- HS quan sat dugc hdn hgp sac td nit ra tCr la cd mau xanh luc va khi tach
dugc 2 nhdm sac td rieng re quan sat duge nhdm Qorophyl cd mau xanh

luc, nhdm Crdteridit cd mau vang.
- HS dugc cung cd kie'n thiic da hpc ve sac td quang hgp d cac bai ly thuyet.
" Thdng qua bai thuc hanh ren luyen ki nang thao tac vdi cac dung cu va hoa
chat trong phdng thi nghiem, dac biet la tach chiet hdn hgp dung dich mau.
[I. CHUAN Bj
- Mau vat: mpt it la khoai lang hoac la dau, la san day tuoi.
- Dung cu: cdi, chay su:, phidu loc, giay loc, binh chi^t.
- Hoa cha't: dung mdi hiiu co: axeton, benzen.
111. TIEN HANH
1. Kiem tra
GV dd nhdm ySu khoa hpc kidm tra phdn chudn bi mau la cua cac nhdm.
2. Trong tam
Bie't cac thao tac tie'n hanh tach chiet sac td.
3. Bai mdi
- GV yeu ciu HS nhac lai kie'n thiic vd sac td quang hgp va mdi lien quan
giiia ham lugng sac td trong la vdi kha nang quang hgp cua cay.
- GV dan dat vao bai:
Hoqt dpng 1: Nguyen t^c cua phuang phap tach triet
Muc tieu: HS nam dugc nguyen tac co ban ciia phuong phap tach chiet sac td
quang hgp tii la.
Hoqt dpng cda GV vd HS
- GV yeu cau HS.
+ Nghien ciiu SGK trang 54 muc 1.

138

Ndi dung


Ndi dung

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS
+ Trinh bay nguyen tac cua phuang phap
tach chi6t sac td quang hgp tiJr la.
- HS thuc hien yeu c^u, va phai neu dugc:
. + £)ac didm cua sac td.
+ Kha nang hoa tan ciia cac sac to.

- Sac td cua la chi hoa tan trong dung mOi
hull CO.

- Mdi sac td thanh phin cd thd hoa tan lot
ttong mpt dung mOi hiru eo nhat dinh.
- Sac td quang hgp d la xanh gdm 2 nhOm:
clorophyl va carOtendit.
Hoqt dpng 2: Cach ti^'n hanh
Muc ti^u:
- HS bie't dugc cac thao tac thi nghipm.
- Lam dugc san phdm de quan sat.
Ndi dung

Hoat dpng cua GV vd HS
- De chuan bi cho bai thuc hanh, GV tie'n
• '
hanh cac budc:
' '
+ Neu yeu du ciia bai thuc hanh.

* Cac nhdm HS

+ Phat mpt sd dung cu cho cac nhom quan - Nam vi3ng yeu cin bai thuc hanh.
hvas&dung.
' .
- Quan sat mlu.
+ Quan sat mau ma nhdm yeu khoa hoc - Nam dugc cac thao tac thi nghipm dd
da lam thanh cdng.
tien hanh.
+ Yeu cin 1,2 nhdm ttinh bay cac thao tac 1. Chiet rut sac td
chi6t rut sac td va tach sac td thanh phin.
- Lay tir 2—> 3 g la tuoi, cat nhd cho vao
~ Trong khi cac nhdm lam thi nghipm, cdi sii.
"
r
GV bao quat, nhac nhd, giiip dd nhdm - Nghien nho vdi mpt it axetOn 80%.
ygu.
- Them axetOn khuay ddu lpc qua phdu.
- GV cd thd kidm tta ngay ke't qua cua cae
- Dd vao binh chi^t duge sac td mau xanh
nhdm.
luc.
139


—
Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

Npi dung
2. Tach cac s^c to' thanh phan
- Lay mpt lugng benzen ga'p doi lugng
dung dich vtra chiet rdi dd vao binh chiet,

lac din, de yen.
- Quan sat binh chigt sau vai phut.
- Dung dich mau phan thanh 2 ldp.
+ Ldp dudi cd mau vang: Mau cua
carOtendit hoa tan ttong benzen.
+ Ldp uen cd mau xanh luc: mau cua
clorophyl hoa tan trong axetdn.

Hoqt dpng 3: HS vie't thu hoach
Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS
- GV yeu cau:
+ Viet tudng ttinh theo nhdm.
+ Giai thich ket qua.
+ Tra Idi cau hdi cudi bai.
+ Rut ra ke't luan.

Npi dung
- Cac nhdm thao luan dd hoan thanh bai
thu hoach.
* Cac budc ti^n hanh thi nghiem: chiet rut
sac td va tach cae sac td thanh phin.
* Tra Idi eau hdi
• Tach chiet hdn hgp bang dung mdi hflu
CO vi sac to' chi tan trong dung mdi httu ea,
khdng tan trong nudc

• Dua vao nguyen tac mdi sdc td cd kha
nang tan ttong dung mdi hiiu ccf khac
Qorophyl la este ciia axit dicacboxilic nhau
C32H3oON4Mg (COGH); vdi 2 loai rugu la * Ke't luan:

phyton (C2oH3.,OH) va metanol (CH3OH), - Mdi nhdm sac td ed mau dac trung ciia
- GV bd sung kie'n thiic.

nen cong thirc cua clorophyl cd thd vi^t la:
C32H^ON4Mg ^ — — COOH,

minh.

Trong hdn hgp sac td m^u lue cua
^"^COOC2„H39
clorophyl la'n at mau vang ciia conotenOit
- Qorophyl khi tac dung vdi bazo xay ra vi clorophyl chi^m ti le eao vd ham luong.
1 phan ling xa phdng hoa tao mudi 1
—

140


Npi dung

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS
clorophinat vln cd mau xanh.
- Qorophyl khi tac dung vdi axit thi Mg bi
H thay thi^ hinh thanh nen pheophytin k^t
tiia mau nau.

.

* Cung cd: Qua bai thuc hanh HS hidu
them ve sac td quang hgp. Ham lugng sic

td clorophyl cao thd'hien ro chiic nang
quang hgp chu yeu eiia nd.

IV. KI^M TRA DANH GIA
- GV kidm tra mlu ket qua ciia cac nhdm.
- GV nhan xet danh gia gid hpc.
V. DAN DO
- HS rfra dung cu tra lai phdng thi nghipm.
- Lau don ldp hpc.
- Chu^n hi: mdi td 1 Kg ngd, thdc hay dau lam trudc thi nghipm d nha.

Bai 14. Thuc hanh: CHLTNG MINH QUA TRINH
HO HAP TOA NHIET
I. MUC TIEU
- Minh hoa bai giang ve ho ha'p: hd ha'p la qua trinh oxi hoa cac hgp chat hiiu
CO dd giai phdng ra nang lugng sinh hoc (ATP, chda khoang 50% nang
lugng ciia ban thd hd hap va nang lugng dudi dang nhiet). Nhu vay ro rang
hd hap la mpt qua trinh toa nhiet.
- Ren kl nang thuc hipn chinh xac cac thao tac trong phdng thi nghipm.
- Ren luypn kha nang phan doan tu duy logic trong qua trinh tie'n hanh thi
nghipm.
II. CHUAN Bj
- Mau that: mdi nhdm khoang 1 kg hat thdc, dau, ngd.
141


- Dung cu: binh thuy tmh mieng rpng cd thd tich 2-3 lit, cd nut, mpt nhipt
ke', mpt hpp xdp to each nhiet tdt dd dung binh.
- GV yeu cau HS chudn bi d nha eac budc thi nghipm nhu: ngam hat vao
nudc a'm trudc tir 2-3 gid.

III. TIEN HANH
1. Kiem tra
GV kiem tra phdn chudn bi d nha cua cac nhdm.
2. Trong tam
- Bd tri thanh cong thi nghiem dd chiing minh bang thuc nghipm ring: ho hap
la qua trinh toa nhiet.
- Chiing minh bang li thuye't, trdn co sd each tinh he sd hieu qua hd hap
(H SHQNLHH).
3. Bai mdi
- GV cho HS vi^t phuong trinh bidu thi qua trinh ho hap len bang va phan tich.
'
+ Qua trinh hd hip thai COj, HjO.
+ Ho ha'p cdn giai phdng ATP va nhiet.
- GV dat van dd: lam the' nao de bidt qua trinh hd h^p sinh ra nhipt, didu nay
chiing minh bang thi nghipm.
Hoqt dpngl: Nguyen tac cua phuong phap
Mtic tieu: HS nam dugc nguyen tac ciia phuong phap thi nghipm chiing minh hd
hap toa nhiet.
Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

Npi dung

- GV yeu cau HS nghien ciiu SGK trang
56, 57 va trinh bay nguyen tac cua phuong
phap thi nghipm chiing minh hO hap la qua
trinh toa nhiet.
- HS thuc hien yeu ciu va neu dugc:
+ HO ha'p d hat nay mam.
Nang lugng chi tich luy dugc khoang 50%.

142

- Qua trinh hd hap didn ra manh me trong
hat dang nay mam.


Npi dung

Hoqt ddng cua GV vd. HS

- Qua ttinh hd ha'p se cung cap nang lupng
va chat trung gian cho qua ttinh hinh
thanh mam re, mam than va mpt ca thd
mdi.'
- Hd hap chi tich luy dugc khoang 50%
nang lugng trong ATP.
- Mpt nura sd nang lugng con lai cua ban
thd ho ha'p dupe thai ra dudi dang nhipt
nang.
- Khi ho hap ddi tugng hd hap toa nhiet.
Hoqt dpng 2: Cach tien hanh
Muc tieu:
- HS lam thanh cdng thi nghipm.
- Biet giai thich, lien he thuc te' va tinh toan li thuye't hd so hieu qua nang
lugng hd ha'p.
Hoat dpng cda GV vd HS

Ndi dung

-GV yeu cdu:

+ Cac nhdm ttinh bay cac budc thi nghipm
+ ThOng bao k^t qua thi nghipm.

~

- Dai dien mpt v^i nhom trinh bay cae budc
thi nghiem.
- Cac nhdm kidm tra ket qua lan nhau va * Tien hdnh thi nghiem
ghi len bang.
- Cho hat vao binh thuy tinh rdi dd ngap
nudc a'm, ngam khoang 2-3 gid.
_

- Gan he't nudc khoi binh, nut kin binh
va cam 1 nhiet kd true tie'p vao khdi hat.
- Dat ca binh thuy tinh vao hpp xO'p each
nhiet.
* Ke't qud:

143


Npi dung

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

- Nhiet dp ttong binh luc dau gan bang
nhipt dp mdi ttudng.
- Sau I gid cpt thuy ngan cua nhiet k^
bat dau dang len.

- GV dd HS theo doi ket qua ghi tren bang - Sau 2-3 gid cdt thuy ngan dang nhanh
hon.
va thao luan dd giai thich.
- GV ggi y,bang cau hoi:
+ Tai sao nhiet ke ttong binh lai tang len?

* Gidi thich:

+ Cdt thuy ngan cua nhiet k^ dang nhanh - Nhiet dp trong binh thuy tinh tang len
sau 2,3 gid vi sao?
do hat ttong binh nay mam hd hap manh
va
giai phdng 1 phan nang lugng dudi
- HS tra Idi dugc: Do nhipt dp trong binh
tang ma nhiet tang nay ehi cd thd do cac,hat dang nhiet.
trong binh dang nay mdm thai ra.
* Ket luan:
* Lien he: Em da thay hipn tugng nay trong - Trong qua trinh hd hap ciia hat co su
thuc t6 chua?
toa nhiet;
- HS cd thd tta Idi: vd que dugc xem nOng
dan ii Ilia gidng, neu cho tay vao thiing thdc
dang nay mam thay tay a'm ndng.
* Md rpng: GV hudng dan HS tinh hp sd
hipu qua nang lugng ho hap va giai thich
mpt sd sd lipu trong cdng thiic tinh.
Hp sd hipu qua nang lugng hO hap
(HSHQNLHH)
HSHQNLHH =
Sd nang lupng ti'ch luy trong ATP

^
Sd nang lupng chiia trong ddi tuong ho hap

C:uthd:
HSHQNLHH =
647kCal
* Cung cd: Nhu vay vd mat ly thuye't cd thd
144


Hoqt dpng cda GV vd HS

Ndi dung

dua vao HSHQNLHH de bi^ dugc hO hap
toa nhipt. Cdn vd mat thuc tidn cd the bd tri
thi nghipm ddi vdi hat nay mam hay hoat
dpng khac ciia cay trdng.

IV. KIEM TRA DANH GIA
- GV nhan xet nhiing uu diem va tdn tai cua gid thuc hanh, cua nhdm cu thd.
- Danh gia san phim cua cac nhdm^
V. DAN DO
- Vie't bao cao tudng trinh.
• - Giai thieh thi nghiem.
- Tap bd tri thi nghiem dd chiing minh ho ha'p toa nhipt.
- On tap kien thiie vd trao ddi chat, chuyen hoa va hoat dpng ti6u hoa d dpng
vat an thit va an cd.

10-SINHHpC 11/1(NC)

145


B - CHUYfiN HOA VAT CHXT
vA NANG LLfONG d D 6 N G VAT
*

.

*

*

Bai 15, TIEU HOA
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kie'n thurc
- HS phan bipt dugc bie'n ddi trung gian (Tidu hoa) vdi chuyen hoa vM chat
va nang lugng d te' bao (Chuydn hoa npi bao).
- Phan bipt tieu hoa npi bao vdi tieu hoa ngoai bao va neu dugc su phiic tap
hoa trong ca'u tao cua co quan tieu hoa trong qua trinh ti^n hoa cua cac
dpng vat.
- Trinh bay dugc dac diem cau tao cua co quan tieu hoa thich nghi \6i ch^ dp
an cua dpng vat an thit va an tap.
- Trinh bay dugc co che va qua trinh h^p thu cac chat dinh dudng va con
dudng van chuydn cac chat hap thu.
2. KT nang
Ren mpt sd ki nang:
- Phan tich so sanh.
- Tu duy tdng hgp, khai quat hoa.

- Van dung ly thuye't vao thuc tidn.
- Hoat dpng dpc lap va hoat dpng nhdm.
II. THIET Bj DAY-HOC
- Tranh phdng to hinh SGK va hmh 15 SGV.
- Mau vat: bp rang ham ciia chd, meo.
- Tranh co quan tieu hoa d hd, Ign, trau, bd.

146


Phie'u hoc t$p s o l
TIM Hiiu TIEU HOA d CAC NHOM DONG VAT
^ \ ^ ^ C a c nhom DV
Dpng vat ddn bao
N6i dung

Qpng vat da bao

Dpng vat da bao

bdc thli^p

bac cao

^\,^^

Kieu tieu hoa
Co quan tieu hoa
Cach nhan thOt an
Bien ddi thdc an

Phie'u hoc tap so 2
TIM Hiiu S i ; TIEU HOA d DONG VAT AN THIT VA AN TAP.
Dpng vatSn thjt

Dpng vat an tap

* ca'u tao
- Bp rang
- Op dai rupt
* Bien ddi ly hoc
* Bien ddi hoa hoc

- Tranh phdng to: con dudng van chuydn cac chat sau khi hap thu (SGK Sinh
hoc 9).
III. HOAT D O N G D A Y H O C
1. Kiem tra

- GV kiem tra bao cao bai thuc hanh ciia cac nhdm.
2. Noi dung trong tam

- Phan biet dugc bidn ddi trung gian (tidu hoa) vdi chuyen hoa npi bao (ddng
hoa, di hoa).
- Phan bipt tieu hoa npi bao va tieu hoa ngoai bao.
- Bie'n ddi co hoc chi tao dieu kipn thuan lgi cho bien ddi hda hoc, cdn bi^n
ddi hoa hoc mdi tao san phdm don gian dd hap thu.
f
- Dac diem cSiu tao ciia cac ca quan tieu hoa thich nghi vdi che' dd an.

ur

3. Bai mdi
Md bai: Ne'u cd bang hinh GV cd the cho HS theo doi qua trinh tieu hoa c dpng
vat nguyen sinh, d thuy tdc, d ngudi de dan dat vao npi dung bai hoc.
Hoqt dpng 1: Khai niem tieu hoa
Muc tieu:
- HS trinh bay dugc khai niem tieu hoa.
- Phan biet dugc bie'n ddi trung gian, dd la tieu hoa vdi chuyen hoa npi bao,
dd la ddng hoa va di hoa.
Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Npi dung

- GV yeu cau:
Em hay neu mpt sd dac - HS van dung cac kie'n
didm trong qua trinh tieu thirc sinh hoc ldp 8 di tra
Idi mpt sd dac didm ciia su
hoa thiic an d ngudi?
tieu hoa.
+ Bie'n ddi li hoc d mipng,
da day.
+ Bieh ddi hoa hoe chu yeii
d rupt.
+Hap thu cha't dinh dudng
nhd rupt non.
+ van chuydn cac chat vao
mau den te bao.
- GV yeu eau:

Tir kie'n thiic da hoe em hay - HS khai quat kieh thiie.
khai quat thanh khai nipm
tieu hoa.
- HS van dung kie'n thiic
- GV bd sung ki^n thlie va
sinh hoe ldp 8, 9, 10 tra Idi
yeu cin HS phan bipt tieu
dugc.
hoa vdi chuydn hoa npi
- Tieu hoa la qua trinh bieh
bao.
ddi thiic an tii dang phiic
tap (lay vao) thanh cha't
148

- Tieu hoa la qua Uinh bie^n
ddi cac thlie an phiic tap
la'y ttr mOi trudng ngoai de
trd thanh cac cha't hiiu co
don gian cd thd ha'p thu
dugc vao mau dd dua den
t^ bao. Day la qua trinh
bie'n ddi trung gian trong
CO quan tieu hoa tao didu


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Npi dung

kien cho su trao ddi chat va
- Cdn trao ddi chat va ehuydn hoa d te' bao.
ehuydn hoa npi bao ia qua
trinh tdng hop cac cha't
sdng rieng cua t^bao va tao
ATP cho moi hoat dpng
sdng cua te" bao.
don gian hoa tan.

Hoqt dpng 2: Tim hidu su tieu hoa d cac nhdm dpng vat
Muc tieu:
- Phan biet dugc su tieu hoa d cac nhdm dpng vat.
- Chi ra dugc vai trd quan trong cua bie'n ddi hoa hoc trong qua trinh tieu hoa.
, - Tha'y dude ca'u tao cua co quan tieu hoa phii hdp vdi ch^ dp an.

Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Npi dung
1. Tieu hoa a cac nhom
dpng vat

-GVyeucauHS.
+ Quan sat hinh 15 SGV
phdng to (co quan tieu hoa - HS boat dpng dpc lap vdi
d cac ddng vat).
tranh hinh va SGK.

+ Hoan thanh cac npi diing - van dung cac kien thiic
ciia phie'u hpc tap sd I'Tun sinh hoc d cac ldp dudi —>
hidu tieu hoa d cae nhdni thao luan trong nhdm.
dpng vat"
thdng nhat y ki^n —> Ghi
phieii hoc tap.
-Dai dien mpt sd nhdm
- GV cho ldp thao luan dap trinh bay dap an —> ldp
nhan xet bd sung.
an.
- GV thdng bao dap an - cac nhdm theo doi dap
an diing va tu s&a chira.
dung.

149


^\..

Cac nhom DV
Dong vat ddn bao

Npi dung

^ \ ^

Opng vat da bao bac
thap

Dpng vat da bao bac

cao
- Ngoai bao

*Kilu tidu hoa

- Npi bao

- Ngoai bao

* Co quan tieu hoa

- Chua c6, chi c6

Bat
thanh.

khdng bao tieu hoa
tam thdi.

d^u

hinh

- Rupt hinh tiii, chi
cd 1 Id mieng duy
nhat thong ra ngoai.
- Cd te bao tiet
djch.

Cach tiep nhan

thifc an

* Bien ddi thdc an

- Thuc bao nhd co
b6p cOa khdi cha't

- Nhd cac tua, xuc
tu
xung
quanh

nguyen sinh.

mieng.

Thifc an nhd enzim

-

thuy phan trong
lizoxom tiet ra da

bien ddi trong tui
ruOt nhd cac enzim

ThiJfc an

bie'n ddi thanh cha't
dinh dudng.

cOa te bao tuyen
thanh

cha't

dudng.

Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- GV yeu c^u;
Phan biet tieu hoa npi bao - HS neu duoc.
va rieu hoa ngoai bao ?
+ Tieu hoa npi bao la tieu
hoa ngay Uong te' bao co
thd do khdng co quan tieu
150

duoc

dinh

Phan hoa va
chuyen
hoa vdi
chijfc nang.
- Gdm 2 phan: 6'ng
tidu hoa va tuyen

tieu hoa.

- Nhd cac co quan
d mieng nhiT Rang,
ludi, md...
- ThCfc an duoc
bien ddi ve mat co
hpc
nho.

thanh

phan

- Thijfc an dugc tidp
tuc bid'n ddi hoa
hoc nhd cac enzim
thanh cac chat ddn
gian hoa tan, ha'p
thu vao mau va
bach huyet tdi te
bao va tdng hc^
thanh cha't sdng
rieng cua te bao.

Npi dung


Hoqt dpng cua GV

Npi dung

Hoqt ddng cua HS
hoa rieng bipt.
+ Tieu hoa ngoai bao: la
tieu hoa uong co quan tieu
hoa chuyen hoa, thiic an
sau khi bi^n ddi hoan toan
thanh cha't don gian mdi
dugc dua tdi t^ bao co thd.

- GV nha'n manh: trong
qua Uinh tieh hoa su hoan
thien td chiic co thd dan
deh hoan thipn chiic nang
sinh li.
- GV dSn dat: da sd dpng
vat da bao bac cao tieu hoa
ngoai bao, tuy nhien tuy
vao loai thiic an ma ca'u tao
dng tieu hoa khae nhau, thd
hipn ro d cac nhdm dpng
vat: an thit, an cd, an tap.

'

\

2.Tieu hoa d dpng vat an
- HS hoat dpng dpc lap vdi thit va an tap

+ Quan, sat Uanh he tieu
tranh hinh, SGK.
a) Su tiiu hod
hoa ciia bd, Ign, hd.
- Van dung kieh thiie sinh
+ Hoan thanh cac ndi dung
hoc d ldp dudi -^ thao luan
trong phieii hoc tap sd 2:
nhdm thdng nha't y kien ->
"Tun hidu su tieu hoa d
ghi phieu hoc tap.
dpng vat an thit va an tap".
- GV yeu cdu:

- GV chiia bai bang each
chi^u phieu hoc tap eua
mpt vai nhdm len may va
ldp ciing thao luan.

- Cae nhdm theo doi va tu
- GV thdng bao dap an sira chiia
ddng

151


DAP AN PHIEU HOC TAP SO 2
Dpng vat an thit

Dpng v^tan tap

+ Rang cda va rang nanh nhgn
sac, cong.

- Rang Ciia va rang nanh khong
nhpn sac.

+ Rang ham: co ma'u dep, sac.

- Rang ham det.

* Cau tao
- Bp rang

- Od
rupt

dai

Bien ddi
l^hoc

-"

+ Ngan do thiifc an giau dinh duflng
de tieu.

- Rupt dai hon do cd thCfc an
xenluld.

IVIieng

IVIieng

+ Cat, xe, nhai nghien nho thdc an

+ Cat, nhai nghien nho thCfc an.

Da day.

Bien ddi
hoa hoc

+ Co b6p nhao trpn thdc an, nghien

Da day

nho.

+ Co bop nhao trpn thdc an,
nghien nhd.

- Mieng: tieu hoa mpt phan thifc an

- Mieng: tieu hoa mpt phan thiic
an nhd enzim trong nUdc bpt.

nhd enzim trong nUdc bpt.
- Da day: thifc an protein dUpc bien
ddi nhd tac dung cfla HCI va pepsin

trong djch vi.

- Da day: chi cd lugng nho thCfc an
prdtein dugc bien doi nhd HCI va

- Ruot: thifc an dUOc bien ddi hoan

-

pepsin.
Rudt: thiic an duoc bien ddi

toan thanh ch^t don gian hoa tan, tuong tu nhu dpng vat an thjt.
nhd cac loai enzim.

Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- GV neu eau hdi thao luan
+ Tai sao ndi su tieu hoa - HS sir dung cac kie'n thiic
dugc hoan thanh d rupt d phieu hpc tap dd tra Idi
non?
dugc.
+ Su tieu hoa d dpng vat an + Su tieu hoa hoan thanh d
thit khac vdi dpng vat an rupt non vi khi thiic an
xudng tdi rupt non thi d
tap d dac didm nao?
152

Npidung