Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 10 nâng cao tập 1 NXB hà nội 2009

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI



vu MINH HA

^

^

THIET KE BAI GIANG
•

NANG CAO - TAP M 6 T

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI


Thiet ke bai giang
HOA HOC 10 - TAP MOT, NANG CAO
VU MINH H A

NHA XUAT BAN H A NOI

Chiu trdch nhiem xudi bdn:
NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H
Bien tap:
PHAM QU6C TUAN
Vebia:
T A O THU HUY^N
Trinh bay:

, T H A I S O N - SON

LAM

Sua bdn in:
PHAM QUOC TUAN

In 1000 cuon, kho 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan in Phuc yen.
Giay phep xuat ban so: 68 - 2009/CXB/67 i TK - 06/HN.
In xong va nop ILAJ chieu nam 2009.


Jlol not dau
De ho trg cho viec day - hoc mon Hoa hge 10 theo chu'dng trinh sach giao
khoa (SGK) m6i ap dung tCr nSm hoc 2006 - 2007, chung toi bien soan cuon
Thiet ke bai giang Hoa hoc 10 nang cao gom hai tap. Sach gidi thieu each thiet
ke bai giang theo tinh than ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc nham phat huy ti'nh tich
cgc nhan thu'c cua hoc sinh (HS).
Ve noi dung : Sach bam sat ngi dung SGK Hoa hoc 10 nang cao theo
chuong trinh cua Bg Giao due va Oao tao ban hanh. 6 moi tiet day deu chi ro
muc tieu ve kie'n thCrc, kT nSng, thai do cho HS; cac cong vi§c can chuan bi cua
giao vien (GV); cac phuong tien trg giang can thie't nham dam bao chat li/dng
tCtng bai, tC/ng tiet len I6p. Ngoai ra, sach con mc) rgng, bd sung them mgt so ngi
dung lien quan de'n bai giang bang nhieu hoat dgng nham cung cap them tu" lieu de
cac.thay, co giao tham khao, van dung tuy theo doi tugng va muc dfch day hoc.
Ve phi/ang phap day - hoc : Sach dugc trien khai theo hudng tfch cue hoa
hoat dgng cua HS, lay cd sd cua moi hoat dgng la nhu'ng viec lam cua HS du6i
sg hudng dan, gdi md cua thay, co giao. Sach cung dUa ra nhieu hinh thu'c hoat
dgng hap dan, phu hdp vdi dac trUng mon hoc nhu: thf nghiem, quan sat vat that
hay mo hinh, thao luan, thuc hanh,... nham phat huy tfnh dgc lap, tUgiac cua HS.

OSc biet sach chu trgng tdi khau thUc hanh trong bai hge, dong thdi chi re tC/ng
hoat dgng cu the cua GV va HS trong mgt tien trinh day - hoc, coi day la hai hoat
dgng cung nhau, trong dd ca HS va GV deu la chu the.
Chung toi hi vgng cudn sach nay se la tai lieu tham khao hOfu fch, gdp phan
ho trd cac thay, cd giao dang trUc tiep giang day mdn Hoa hoc 10 trong viec nang
cao chat lugng bai giang cua minh. Chung tdi rat mong nhan dugc y kien ddng
gdp cua quy thay, cd giao va ban dgc gan xa de cudn sach dUdc hoan thien hdn.
TAC GIA



ON TAP OAU NAM
A. IVIUCTIEU
1. Kien thCifc
• He thdng lai cac khai niem, kien thiic co ban ma HS da dugc hge b THCS.
• On lai cac dang bai tap co ban HS-da dugc hge, eac e6ng thiie thucmg diing
de tinh toan.
2. KT nang
• Ren luyen kl nang lam mdt sd bai tap co liSn quan de'n ca'u tao nguydn i\i.
• KT nang lam bai toan tinh theo phuong trinh co sir dung de'n c6ng thurc tinh
ti khdi cua chat khi, cong thiJc tfnh ndng do moi, ndng d6 ph^n tram ciia
dung dich...
B. CHUAN B! C O A GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH
GV:
• May chie'u, gia'y trong, but da.
• He thdng cau hoi, bai tap...
HS: On tap lai cac ngi dung kie'n thiic co ban da hge b THCS.
C. TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG
Hogt dong ciia GV

Hogt dong cua HS

Hoat dgng 1
KIEN THUC CAN ON TAP
GV: Chie'u len man hinh cac ngi dung HS: Nghe va bie't duge nhirng kie'n thiic
CO ban can dugc on lai trong tie't hge.
chinh c^n 6n tap trong tie't hge:
-Nguyen tir
-Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa
hge
- Nguyen td hoa hge


- Hoa tri cua nguyen td
- Phan loai cac cha't v6 co
- Dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng
-Moi
-Ti khdi cua cac chat khi
-Dung dich.
GV: On tap chi tie't timg ph^n:
I.NGUYEN Tir
GV: Chie'u len man hinh cau hoi va HS: Thao luan
yeu cau HS cac nhom thao luan vao
gia'y trong:
a) Nguyen tu la gi?
a) Nguyen tii la cac hat v6 ciing nho be
tao nen cac chat.
b) Nguyen' tit dugc tao bdi hat nhan
mang dien tich duong va Idfp vo co m6t
hay nhieu electron mang dien tfch am.

c) Dac diem cua cac hat ca'u tao nen + Electron:
-Kfhieu:e
nguyen tii?
-Dien tfch 1- Khdi lucmg rat nhd.
+ Hat nhan: gdm co hat proton va
notron
+ Hat proton:
- Kf hieu p
-Dien tfch: 1 +
- Khdi lugng ~ 1 u (hay 1 dvC)
-Trong nguyen tur sd hat proton = sd
hat electron.
+ Hat ncftron:
-Kfhieu:n
-Khdng mang dien.
Khdi lugng: « 1 u (h^y 1 dvC).

b) Ca'u tao cua nguyen txxl


GV: Chie'u len man hinh y kie'n da
thdng nhat ciia cac nhom.
2. NGUYEN TO HOA HOC
GV: Ggi mgt HS nhdc lai khai niem ve
nguyen td hoa hge, GV chie'u len man
hinh.

HS: Neu khai niem:
- Nguyen td hoa hge la tap hgp nhiing
nguyen tii co ciing sd hat proton trong

hat nhan.
- Nhiing nguyen tii cua cung mgt
nguyen td hoa hge co tfnh chat hoa hge
gidng nhau.

3. HO A TRI CUA MOT NGUYEN TLT
GV: Neu cau hdi va chieu len man
hinh:

HS: Tra ldi

- Hoa tri la gi?

Hoa tri: La con sd hien thi kha nang
lien ke't ciia nguyen tir nguyen td nay
vdi nguyen tir cua nguyen td khac.

- Q u y tac hoa tri?

- Q u y tac hoa tri:

^ GV ggi HS tra ldi.

a

b

VD: Trong cong thurc: A^ B ta ed:
ax = by

GV: Yeu cau HS lam bai tap (GV
chie'u de bai len man hinh).
Bdi tap 1: Tfnh hoa tri ciia cac nguyen
td trong cac hgp chat: MnOj, PbO,
Pb02, NH3, H2S, SO2, SO3 (bie't hoa tri
cua oxi la 2, cua hidro la 1).

HS: Lam bai tap vao vd.

GV: Ggi mgt HS xac dinh hoa tri cua
cac nguyen td trong cac hgp chat tren.
4.. DINH LUAT

BAO TOAN

GV: Neu cau hdi (GV chie'u ngi dung
cau hdi len man hinh):

KHOI LUONG


- Ngi dung ciia dinh luat bao toan khdi HS: Neu ngi dung ciia dinh luat bao
lugng?
toan khdi lugng.
GV: Chie'u len man hinh:
VD: Ta cd phuong trinh phan iing
A + B ^ C + D + E...
Theo dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng, ta
cd: m^ + mg = m,- + m^ + m^...
GV: Yeu cau HS lam bai tap ap dung

(GV chie'u de bai len man hinh).
Bdi tap 2: Cho 1,21 gam hdn hgp A
gdm Mg, Zn, Cu, tac dung hoan toan
vdi oxi du, thu dugc hdn hgp cha't ran
B cd khdi lugng 1,61 gam. Tfnh the
tfch dung dich HCl IM tdi thieu can
dung de hoa tan B.
GV: Ggi HS neu hudng din giai, GV HS: Phat bieu cac y kie'n de tim ra
chie'u phin ggi y (cac budc lam) len hudng lam bai.
man hinh:
-Vie't cac phuong trinh phan iimg.
- A p dung dinh luat bao toan khdi
lugng de tfnh khdi lugng oxi da phan
ling.
-Tim mdi lien quan giiia sd moi oxi
phan ling va sd moi cua axit HCl.
-Tfnh the tfch dd HCl IM can diing.
HS: Lam bai tap theo y kien da thdng
nha't ma GV chieu tren man hinh:
Gidi: VTPJJ:
2Mg + O2 x
0,5x

-> 2MgO

2Zn + O. -

-> 2ZnO

y

8

0,5y

(1)

X

y

(2)


2Cu + O2 - ^ - ^ CuO
z

0,5z

(3)

z

MgO + 2HC1 -> MgCl2 + H2O
X

2x

ZnO + 2HC1 ^ ZnCl2 + H2O
y

(5)

2y

CuO + 2HC1 -> CuCU +2H2O
z

(4)

(6)

2z

Theo dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng:
ntoj (P^) = ms - niA
= 1,61- 1,21 = 0 , 4 gam
"02 (Pu^) =

- ^

= 0,0125 moi.

Ggi sd moi Mg, Zn, Cu cd trong
1,21 gam hdn hgp lan lugt la x, y, z.
Theo phuong trinh: ta tha'y
"HC! ^^n dung = 4 X nQ (pu)
= 4 x 0 , 0 1 2 5 = 0,05 moi
V dd HCl

n

0,05

-M

1

= 0,05 (lit).

GV: Cd the ggi HS de xuat cac each
giai khac.
5. MOL
GV: Chie'u len man hinh cac cau hdi
-^ GV yeu cau cac nhom thao luan:

HS: Thao luan nhom de tra ldi cac cau
hdi ma GV dua ra:

- Moi la gl?

- M o i la lugng chat cd chiia d.lO^"*
nguyen tir hoac phan tir ciia chat dd.

- Khdi lugng moi la gi?

- K h d i lugng moi la khdi lugng tfnh
bang gam ciia 6.10 " nguyen tir hoac
phan tir ciia cha't dd.

- Khai niem ve the' tich moi cua chat
khf?

- T h e tfch moi ciia chat khf la the tfch
chie'm bdi 6.10"^ phan tir ciia chat khf
dd (d dktc, the tfch moi ciia cac chat
khf la 22,4 lit).
- Cac bieu thiic the hien su chuyen doi - Cac bieu thiie:
giira khdi lugng, lugng cha't, the tfch
m
; m = n X M;
+
n
moi cua chat khf?
M
+ V khf

(dktv)

= n X 22,4; nkhf

V
(dktc)

22,4

A
+ n = —; A = n x N ;
N
Trong dd:

- n la sd moi (lugng cha't);
- m la khdi lugng;
- M i a khdi lugng moi;
- A la sd phan tir cha't;

^23 X

- N la sd Avogadro (N « 6.10^');
- V i a the tfch khf (lit).
GV: Chie'u len man hinh y kie'n ciia cac
nhdm va nhan xet.
GV: Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 3 (GV
chie'u de bai tap len man hinh).
Bdi tap 3: Hay tfnh the tfch (d dktc)
cua hdn hgp cd chiia l,lg CO2 va
l,6g02

HS: Lam bai tap vao vd
Trong hdn hgp khf cd:
m
1,1
= 0,025 moi
CO.
M
44
16
= 0,05 moi
nr^ 32
Tong sd moi ciia hdn hgp khf la:
nh6n hap = 0>025 +0,05 = 0,075 moi

The tfch cua hdn hgp khf (d dktc) la:
Vh6nhap = n x 22,4 = 0 , 0 7 5 x 2 2 , 4
= 1,68 lit.

10


GV: Chie'u bai lam ciia mgt sd HS len
man hinh va ggi cac em HS khac nhan
xet sira sai (neu cd).
Hoat dgng 2
GV: Tdm tat lai cac ngi dung chfnh da
on tap va nhae nhd HS ve nha on tap
cac ngi dung se luyen tap d tie't sau:
- T i khdi ciia cha't khf
- Sir phan loai ciia cac cha't vo co
-Dung dich
-Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa
hge.
Phu luc
PHI^UHOCTAP

Bai tap 1: Tinh hoa tri cua cac nguyen td trong cac hgp chat sau:
MnOj, PbO, PbOj, NH3, H^S, SO^, SO3
(biet hoa tri cua oxi la 2, cua hidro la 1)
Bai tap 2: Cho 1,21 gam hdn hgp A gom Mg, Zn, Cu, tac dung hoan toan vdi dxi du, thu
dugc hdn hgp chat ran B co khdi li/gng 1,61 gam. Tinh the tich dung djch HCl
1M tdi thieu can dung de hoa tan B.
Bai tap 3: Hay tinh the tich (d dktc) ciia hdn hgp co chiia 1,1g COj va 1,6g O2.

JiET 2

ON TAP OAU NAM (tiep)

A. MUCTIEU
1. Kien thQc
• He thdng lai cac khai niem, kie'n thii'c co ban ma HS da dugc hge d THCS.
• On lai cac dang bai tap co ban HS da dugc hge, cac cong thiic thudng diing
de tfnh toan.

11


2. KT nang
• Ren luyen kT nang lam mgt sd bai tap cd lien quan de'n ca'u tao nguyen tir.
• KT nang lam bai toan tfnh theo phuong trinh cd sir dung de'n c6ng thiic tfnh
tl khdi eiia chat khf, cong thiic tfnh ndng do moi, ndng d6 phSn tram cua
dung dich...
B. CHUAN B! CUA GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH
GV:
• May chie'u, gia'y trong, but da.
• He thdng cau hdi, bai tap...
HS: On tap lai cac ndi dung kien thiic co ban da hge d THCS.
C. TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG
Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS

Hoat dgng 1
6. TI KHOI CUA CAC CHAT KHI

GV: Nhae Jai ngi dung, kie'n thiic da on
tap d tie't 1 va chie'u len man hinh ndi
dung can on tap d tiet nay.
GV: Chie'u cau hdi len man hinh:

HS: Cdng thiic tfnh ti khdi eua khf A so
-Em hay viet cong thiic tfnh ti khdi vdi khf B la:
M.
eua khf A so vdi khf B, cong thiic tfnh
"^A/BM.
ti khdi ciia khf A so vdi khdng khf.
Giai thfch cac kf hieu cd trong bieu Trong dd:
thiie.
M^ la khdi lugng moi eua khf A;
-^ GV ggi HS vie't len bang va giai
Mg la khdi lugng moi ciia khf B.
thfch (hoac GV chie'u bai lam eua HS
+ Cdng thiic tfnh ti khdi cua khf A so
len man hinh).
vdi. khong khf:
M,
M A_
^A/KK
M KK
29
12


Trong dd: khdi lugng moi trung binh
ciia khong khf la 29.

+ Y nghTa: Ti khdi cua khf A so vdi
khong khf cho bie't khf A nang hon hay
nhe hon khong khf bao nhieu lan.
GV: Chie'u de bai tap 1 len man hinh,
yeu e^u HS lam bai tap vao vd.
Bdi tap 1:
HS: Lam bai tap vao vd:
a) Tfnh ti khdi eua khf CH4, CO2 so vdi a) Ti khdi ciia cac khi CH4, CO2 so vdi
hidro.
hidro la:
b) Tfnh tl khdi cua khf Clj, SO3 so vdi
khdng khf.

d CH,

M CH,
M.
MC O ,

COo,

M,

1^ = 8
2
44 = 22

b) Ti khdi eiia cac khf CI2, SO3 so vdi
khdng khf la:
M CK

'Cl.
^KK

M KK

21 = 2,45
29

M
so,.KK

80
,^,
so, = —
= 2,76
M KK
29

Hoat dgng 2
7. DUNG DICH
GV: Yeu e^u cac nhdm HS thao luan HS: Thao luan nhdm:
vdi cac ndi dung sau (GV chie'u cau
hdi len man hinh):
a) Do tan ciia mgt cha't trong nude la a) Do tan ciia mgt chat trong nudc:
gl? Nhung yeu td anh hudng den do - L a sd gam chat dd cd the hoa tan
tan cua mdt chat trong nudc?
dugc trong lOOg nudc de tao thanh
dung dich bao hoa tai mdt nhiet do xac
dinh.

13


- D o tan cua cac chat ran trong nudc
phu thugc vao nhiet do. Do tan ciia cac
cha't khf phu thugc vao nhiet do, ap
sua't.
b) Cac cong thiic tfnh ndng do dung
dich (ma cac em da bie't)? Giai thi'ch
cac kf hieu co trong cong thiic.

b) Cac cong thiic tinh ndng do ciia
dung dich:
+ Cong thiic^tinh ndng do ph^n tram:
C% =

m.

x 100%

m dd
Trong dd:
m^, la khdi lugng chat tan (tfnh bang
gam);
m^j la khdi lugng dung dich (tfnh bang
gam).
+ Cong thiic tfnh ndng do moi:
CM

n

V

Trong dd:
n la sd mo! chat tan;
V la the tfch ciia dung dich (lit).
GV: Chie'u de bai tap 2 len man hinh,
yeu cau HS lam bai tap vao vd.
Bdi tap 2: Hoa tan 16 gam NaOH vao
nudc de dugc 200 ml dung dich.
a) Tfnh ndng do moi ciia dung dich
NaOH.
b) Can dung bao nhieu gam dung dich
axit H2SO4 19,6% de' trung hoa he't
50ml dung dich NaOH ndi tren?

HS: Lam bai tap vao vd:
a) Sd moi NaOH cd trong 200 ml dung
dich la:
"NnnH = — = — = 0,4 moi
N^OH M
40
-> Ndng do moi ciia dung dich la:
n
0,4
^
CM = — = - ^ = 2M
b) Phuong trinh phan iing trung hoa:
2NaOH + H2SO4 -^ Na2S04 + 2H^O

14

Sd moi NaOH can dung la:
nNoOH = C M x V = 2 x 0,05 = 0,1 moi
Theo phuong trinh:
= - x O , l =0,05 moi
2
m H so, = n X M = 0,05 x 98 = 4,9 gam
" HjSO, -

: T "NaOH

1

Khdi lugng dung dich H2SO4 can dung
la:
m -

.r,r.r»

m j d = - ^ ^ x 100%

4,9

X 100% = - 19,6

X 100%

C%
25 gam

GV: Chieu bai lam ciia mgt sd HS len
man hinh, nhan xet va cham diem.
Hoat dgng 3
8.

HOP CHAT VO CO
(THEO TINH CHAT HOA HOC)

S U P H A N LOAI CAC

7.

GV: O ldp 8, 9 cac em da dugc biet
nhirng loai hgp chat vo co nao? Cho vf
du minh hoa.
GV: Ggi HS tra ldi, GV chieu len man
hinh.

HS; Tra ldi cau hdi:
Cac hgp chat v6 co dugc phan thanh 4
loai:
a) Oxit:
- O x i t bazo: la nhirng oxit tac dung
dugc vdi dung dich axit tao ra mudi va
nudc.
VD: CaO, MgO, Fe203...
- O x i t axit: la nhiing oxit tac dung vdi
dung dich bazo tao ra mudi va nudc.
VD: SO3, SO2, CO2
15

-Oxit luong tfnh: la nhirng oxit tac
dung duge vdi dung dich axit va dung
djch bazo tao ra mudi va nudc.
VD: AI2O3, ZnO...
-Oxit trung tfnh: la nhu'ng oxit khong
tac dung dugc vdi dung dich axit va
dung dich bazo (cdn ggi la oxit khong
tao mudi).
VD: CO, NO...
b) Axit: tac dtmg vdi bazo tao ra mudi
va nudc.
VD: H2SO4, HCl...
c) Bazo: Baza tac dung vdi dung dich
axit tao ra mudi va nudc.
VD: NaOH, Fe(0H)3, Mg(OH)2...
d) Mudi:
VD: K2SO4, NaN03, ZnCl2...
GV: Ggi cac em HS khac nhan xet, sira
sai (neu cd).

9.

Hoat dgng 4
BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

GV: Yeu cau HS neu ca'u tao ciia bang HS: Ca'u tao bang tuan hoan:
tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hge va y a) O nguyin td: cho bie't sd hieu
nghTa ciia nd.

nguyen tir, kf hieu hoa hge, ten nguyen
(GV chie'u tren man hinh cac ngi dung td, nguyen tir khdi cua nguyen td dd.
tren, sau khi HS phat bieu)
b) Chu ki: Gdm cac nguyen td ma
nguyen tir ciia chiing ed cung sd ldp
electron va dugc sap xep theo chieu
tang dan cua dien tfch hat nhan. Trong
mgt chu ki, khi di tir trai qua phai: tfnh
kim loai ciia nguyen td giam dan, tfnh
phi kim tang dan.

16


e) Nhdm: Gdm cac nguyen td ma
nguyen tir ciia chiing cd sd electron ldp
ngoai ciing bang nhau va dugc sap xe'p
theo chieu tang cua dien tfch hat nhan.
Trong mdt nhdm: di tii tren xud'ng,
tfnh kim loai cua cac nguyen td tang
dSn, tfnh phi kim cua cac nguyen td
giam dan.
GV: Chie'u de bai tap 3 len man hinh.
Bdi tap 3: Nguyen td A trong bang HS: Lkm bai tap vao vd.
tuan hoan cd sd hieu nguyen tir la 12.
Hay cho biet:
a) Ca'u tao nguyen tir eua nguyen td A, a) Ca'u tao nguyen tir ciia nguyen td A:
vi trf ciia A trong bang tuSn hoan.
-Hat nhan: cd dien tfch 12+
- Trong nhan cd 12 hat proton va 12

hat electron.
-Ldp vd: gdm 12 electron
* Vi trf eiia A trong bang tu^n hoan:
Sdthii-tu: 12.
Chu ki: 3.
Nhdm: II
b) Tfnh chat hoa hge dac trung ciia b) Tfnh chat hoa hge dac trung cua A
la: A la kim loai.
nguyen td A.
e) So sanh tfnh chat hoa hge eiia c) So sanh vdi cac nguyen td nam canh
nguyen td A vdi cac nguyen td diing A trong bang tuan hoan: A la Mg.
canh A trong bang tuan hoan.
Tfnh kim loai:
- Mg manh hem Al
- Mg ye'u hon Na
- Mg manh hon Be
- Mg ye'u hon Ca.
GV: Chie'u bai lam cua HS len man
hinh.
2.TKBGHOAHPC10-NC-T1-A

17


Hoat dgng 5
CUNG CO - BAI TAP VE N H A
GV: Nhae lai cac ngi dung da on tap.
Ra bai tap ve nha.
Phu luc
PHI^UHQCTAP

Bai tap 1: Natri c6 nguyen tif khdi la 23, trong hat nhan nguyen ttr co 11 proton; sat
CO nguyen tir khdi la 56, trong hat nhan nguyen ttr co 30 natron. Hay cho
biet tdng sd cac hat proton, ncrtron, electron tao nen nguyen ttr natri va
nguyen tii sat.
Bai tap 2:

Hay tinh the tfch (d dktc) cua:
a) Hdn hgp khi gdm co 6,4 gam khi O2 va 22,4 gam khi Nj.
b) Hdn hgp khi gdm co 0,75 moi CO2; 0,5 moi CO va 0,25 mcl N2.

Bai tap 3:

Hay tinh khdi lugng cua:
a) Hdn hgp chat ran gdm 0,2 moi Fe va 0,5 moi Cu.
b) Hdn hgp khi gdm co 33,6 Ift COj; 11,2 lit CO va 5,6 lit H^ (d dktc).

18

2-TKBGHOAHOC 10•^C.T1.B


Chito^ng 1

NGUYEN TLf

BAI 1 I

THANH PHAN NGUYEN TLf

A. MUCTIEU
HS Mii:
• Nguyen tir la phan nhd nha't ciia nguyen td. Nguyen tir cd ca'u tao rdng.
• HS biet dugc thanh phan cau tao ciia nguyen tir.
B. CHUAN B! CUA GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH
GV: Tranh anh:
• So dd torn tat thf nghiem tim ra tia am cue.
• Mo hinh thf nghiem kham pha hat nhan nguyen tir.
• DTa mem mo ta thanh phan cau tao nguyen tir va ca'u tao rdng ciia nguyen
tir (Ne'u cd dieu kien, GV cd the chuan bi de chie'u cac hinh 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 len
man hinh).
C. TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG
Hogt dgng ciia GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

Hoat dgng 1
1. T H A N H P H A N C A U TAO CUA NGUYEN TlT
1. Electron
GV: Chie'u len man hinh muc tieu ciia
tie't hge.
GV: Chie'u len man hinh:
HS: Nghe va ghi bai.
Hinh 1.1; 1.2 va thuye't trinh ve thf a) Su tim ra electron
nghiem tim ra tia am cue, khdi lugng
va dien tfch ciia electron...
HS: Theo ddi tren man hinh va ghi bai.

19

GV: Ket luan va chieu len man hinh:
Hat ed khdi lugng vo cung nhd, mang
dien tfch am la hat electron.
b) Khdi lugng vd diin tich eua electron
GV: Thuye't trinh va chie'u len man HS: Nghe va ghi bai
hinh: Bang thue nghiem, ngudi ta da - Khdi lugng:
xac dinh dugc chfnh xac khdi lugng va
me = 9,1094.10"^'kg
dien tfch eiia electron.
-Dien tfch:
q^ = -l,602.10"'^C(Culong)
-Dien tfch cua electron dugc quy udc
la 1-.

Hoat dgng 2
GV: Chie'u mo hinh thf nghiem kham 2. Sit tim ra hgt nhdn nguyen tut
pha ra hat nhan nguyen tir len man
hinh 1.3 va thuyet trinh:
-Ban mdt chum tia a, mang dien tfch
duong vao mgt la kim loai vang mdng.
Ket qua thf nghiem cho thay h^u he't
cac hat deu xuyen thang qua la vang,
nhung ed mdt sd rat ft di lech hudng
ban dau hoac bi bat lai khi gap la vang.
-> Vay chiing ta ed the giai thfch di^u
nay nhu the' nao?
GV: Cd the ggi mdt sd HS trinh bay HS: Cd the giai thfch:
suy nghT eua minh, sau dd GV neu ke't -Nguyen tir cd ca'u tao rdng.
luan.

-Cac electron chuye'n ddng tao ra vd
electron bao quanh mgt hat mang dien
tfch duong cd kfch thudc nhd be so vdi
kfch thudc cua nguyen tir, nam d tam
nguyen tir, 66 la hat nhan nguyen tii.

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Hoat dgng 3
GV: Trinh bay 6i HS hinh dung ra thf 3. Cdu tgo cua hgt nhdn nguyen td
nghiem tim ra proton va notron, sau 66 a) Su tim ra proton
GV ke't luan va chie'u len man hinh.
b) Su tim ra notron.
HS: Ghi ket luan vao vd:
Ke't luan: Thanh ph^n ca'u tao cua
nguyen tir gdm:
- Hat nhan nam d tam nguyen tvi gdm
cac hat proton va ncrtron.
- V d electron cua nguyen tir gdm cac
electron chuye'n ddng xung quanh hat
nhan.
GV: Chie'u tCmg ph^n ndi dung cua
bang 1.1 len man hinh.
Khdi lugng va dien tfch cua cac hat tao
nen nguyen tir.

Vo nguyen ti^

Hat nhdn

Die tinh hat
Electron (e)
Dien tfch (q)

Khdi lirgng (m)

Proton (p)

qe = -1,62.10"''C

qp = -1,62.10"''C

hayqe=1-

hayqp = 1+

me = 9,1094.10"''kg

mp= 1,6726.10"" kg

Ncrtron (n)
qn = 0

mn= 1,6748.10"" kg

GV: Yeu c5u HS nhin vao bang, so HS: Nhan xet:
sanh khdi lugng eua cae hat electron Khdi lugng cua cac hat electron rat nhd
vdi eac hat proton, notron.
so vdi khdi lugng ciia proton va notron.

Vi vay, khdi lugng cua nguyen tir tap
trung hSu he't d hat nhan.

21


Hoat dgng 4
II. KICH THU(3C v A KHOI LUONG CUA NGUYEN TLT
GV: Gidi thieu:

HS: Nghe va ghi bai.

Nguyen tir ciia cac nguyen td khac
nhau CO kfch thudc va khdi lugng khac
nhau.
/ . Kich thudc
GV: Thuye't trinh va chie'u len man
hinh.

+ Nguyen tir cd kfch thudc ra't nhd,
dudng kfnh khoang 10

m.

De do kich thudc nguyen tir, ngudi ta
diing don vi nanomet (kf hieu nm) hay
angstrom (kf hieu A).
lnm= 10"V
lA=10-'°m
l n m = lOA

+ Nguyen tir khac nhau cd kfch thudc
khac nhau. Nguyen tir nhd nhat la
nguyen tir hidro, cd ban kfnh khoang
0,053nm.
+ Hat nhan cd kfch thudc nhd hon kfch
thudc cua nguyen tir rat nhieu (dudng
kfnh khoang 10 nm).
+ Dudng kfnh ciia electron va proton
cdn nhd hon nhieu (khoang 10"^nm).
Electron chuye'n dgng xung quanh hat
nhan trong khong gian rdng ciia
nguyen tir (nguyen tir cd ca'u tao rdng).
GV: Gidi thieu va chie'u len man hinh.

HS: Nghe va ghi bai.
2. Khdi lugng
- Khdi lugng cua 1 nguyen tir ddng vi
cacbon la:
1 9 , 9 2 0 6 . 1 0 ' - \ g = 12dvC

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HS:

GV: Vay 1 dvC bang bao nhieu kg?

1 dvC =

19,9206.10 -27

12
-27,

« 1,66005.10 "'kg
HS: Theo ddi tren man hinh, nghe va
ghi bai:

GV: La'y VD va chie'u len man hinh.

Vf du: khdi lugng ciia 1 nguyen tir
-27,

hidro la 1,6735.10 ""kg « lu.
GV: Yeu cdu HS lam bai tap 1 (GV
chie'u de bai len man hinh).
Bdi tap 1:

HS: Lam bai tap vao vd:

a) Nguyen tir magie cd khdi lugng bao
nhieu kg?

a) Khdi lugng ciia mgt nguyen tir magie
la 1 dvC -^ Khdi lugng cua mgt nguyen
tir magie (tfnh bang don vi kg) la:
24 X l,66.10""\g ~ 39,84. 1 0 " ^ \ g

b) 1 nguyen tir luu huynh cd khdi
lugng bang bao nhieu kg?

b) Khdi lugng ciia mgt nguyen tir luu
huynh (tfnh bang kg) la:
32 X l,66.10"^\g « 53,12. 10~^^kg

GV: Ggi HS lam bai va nhan xet, cha'm
diem.
Hoat dgng 6
CUNG CO
GV: Nhae lai cac ngi dung chfnh ciia HS: Nhae lai cac kie'n thiic co ban cd
bai va chieu len man hinh (hoac cd the trong bai.
ggi HS nhae lai cac ngi dung chfnh cua
bai va chie'u len man hinh).
Hoat dgng 7
GV: Ra bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

| (SGK trang 8)
Phu luc

PHI^UHQCTAP

Bar tap 1:
a) Nguyen tir magie co khdi lugng bao nhieu kg?
b) 1 nguyen tii luu huynh co khdi lirgng bang bao nhieu kg?

23