Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 10 nâng cao tập 2 NXB hà nội 2008

VO MINH HA

Ji

^

NANG CAO
TAP HAI

^^

in

IHA XUAT BAN HA NOI

0
I



VO MINH H A

^

^

THIET KE BAI GIANG
•

NANG CAO - TAP HAI

/v'

9

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI


Thiet ke bai giang
HOA

HOC

10 - TAP HAI, NANG CAO

•

VU MINH H A

NHA XUXT BAN HA N 6 I

Chiu trdch nhiem xudt ban:
NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H
Bien tap:
PHAM Q U d c TUAN
Vebia:
TAO THU HUYEN
Trinh bay:
THAI SON - SON LAM
Sila ban in:
PHAM QUOC TUAN

In 1000 cuon, khd 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty c6 phan in Khoa hoc va Cong
nghe m6i. Giay phep xuat ban so: 208 - 2007/CXB/46 p TK - 47/HN.
In xong va nop IL/U chieu qu^ 1/2008.


Chitofng 5

NHOM HALOGEN

Tiet 47

KHAI QUAT VE NHOM HALOGEN

A-MUCTIEU
1. HS biet:
- Nhom halogen gom nhOng nguyen to nao. Vi tri va vai tro cua chiing trong
bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
- Dae diem chung v6 cau tao nguyen tur, hen ket hoa hoc trong cac phSn tir
halogen.
- Tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua cac halogen la tinh oxi hoa manh.
- Mot so quy luat bien doi tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hoc ciia cac halogen
trong nhom.
2. HS hieu:
- Vi sao tinh chat hoa hoc cua cac halogen bien doi c6 quy luat.
- Nguyen nhan su bien doi tinh chat phi kim ciia cac halogen la do sir bien
doi ve cau tao nguyen tir, do am dien...
- Cac halogen c6 so oxi hoa - 1 ; trur flo, cac halogen khac c6 the c6 cac so
oxi hoa + 1, + 3, + 5, + 7 la do do am dien va cau tao Icfp electron ngoai
Cling ciia chung.

B - CHUAN B! CUA GV VA HS
GV:
HS:
-

May chieu, but da, giay trong.
Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
On lai cac kien thiic ve cau tao nguyen tijf, khai niem ve do am dien, so oxi
hoa...
Ren luyen ki nang viet cau hinh electron.


C-TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC
Hoat dpng ciia GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1
I. NHOM HALOGEN TRONG BANG TUAN
(9 phiit)
GV:

HOAN

CAC NGUYEN TO

HS:

Yeu cAu HS quan sat \ i tri ciia cac Quan sat bang tuan hoan va nhan xet:
nguyen to halogen trong bang tuan hoan Nhom halogen gom cac nguyen to

\'a nhan xet (GV chieu cac cau hoi dinh thuoc nhom VII A:
huong su quan sat cua HS len man hinh): - Flo (6 so 9, chu ki 2)
+ Nhom halogen gom nhimg nguyen to - Clo (6 so 17 chu ki 3)
nao?
- Brom (6 so 35 chu ki 4)
- lot (6 so 53 chu ki 5)
+ Neu vi tri ciia tirng nguyen to.
- Atatin (6 so 85 chu ki 6)
GV:
+ Gidfi thieu: halogen tieng latinh c6
nghia la sinh ra muoi.
+ Atatin khong gap trong thien nhien,
no duoc dieu che nhan tao bang cac
phan ung hat nhan -^ Nhom halogen
duoc nghien ciiu 6 day gom flo, clo,
brom, iot.
Hoat dpng 2
II. CAU HINH ELECTRON NGUYEN TlTvA CAU TAO PHAN TU"
CUA CAC NGUYEN TO TRONG NHOM HALOGEN (14 phut)
GV:

HS:

Yeu cau cac nhom HS thao luan v6i
cac noi dung sau:

Thao luan nhom theo cac noi dung ma
GV yeu cau:

+ Viet cau hinh electron lop ngoai cua - Cau hinh electron 0 lofp ngoai cung

7
S
cac nguyen to halogen, nhan xet \'e sir cuaiigu>'en tir cac halogen la: ns np
giong nhau \a khac nhau \'e cau hinh
lop ngoai ciing ciia cac halogen.


*) So sanh:
+ Lofp ngoai ciing cua nguyen tir cac
halogen deu c6 7 electron.
+ O trang thai co ban, nguyen tir cac
halogen deu c6 1 electron doc than.
- Lofp electron ngoai cung ciia flo la
lofp 2 nen khong c6 phan Icrp d.
- Nguyen tir clo, brom, iot c6 phan Icfp
d con trong, a trang thai kich thich c6
th6 CO 3, 5 hoac 7 electron doc than.
GV:
HS:
Goi cac nhom phat bieu y kien, GV - Phan til don chat halogen gom 2
nguyen tir, lien ket v6i nhau bang lien
chieu len man hinh.
ket cong hoa tri khong cue.
- Cong thiJc phan tir: X2
- Cong thiic cau tao: X - X.

- Nhan xet so electron doc than d trang
thai CO ban va a trang thai kich thich.
Tir do so sanh va giai thich v6 so oxi
hoa ciia cac halogen.

- Viet cong thuc cau tao ciia cac phan
tir halogen va nhan xet ve lien ket giira
cac nguyen tir.

- Cong thilc electron: : X : X :
Hoqt dpng 3
III. KHAI QUAT VE TINH CHAT CUA CAC HALOGEN (20 phiit)
1) Tinh chat vat li:
HS:
GV:
Chieu len man hinh va gidfi thieu mot Nghe va ghi bai.
so tinh cha't vat li co ban cua cac
nguyen to halogen nhu trang thai, mau
sac, nhiet do nong chay, nhiet do soi, do
am dien...
2) Tinh chat hoa hoc:
GV:
Chieu cac he thong cau hoi len man
hinh va goi HS Ian luot tra Idi:
- Dua vao cau hinh electron ciia
nguyen tir cac halogen, em hay dir doan
ve tinh chat hoa hoc co ban ciia cac
halogen?

Tra Icfi cac cau hoi cua GV.


- So sanh cac tinh chat co ban ciia cac
halogen?
- Nhan xet va du doan ve cac so oxi

hoa cua flo, clo, brom, iot.
GV:
Chieu va tom tat cac noi dung can tra
Idi ciia cac cau hoi tren.
Hoqt dpng 4
CUNG CO B A I - B A I TAP VE N H A (2 phut)
HS:

GV:

Goi mot HS torn tat lai cac noi dung co Neu lai cac noi dung co ban, khai quat
ban ve nhom halogen
ve nhom halogen.
GV:
Ra bai tap vi nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK
tr. 119)

CLO

Tiet 48
A-MUCTIEU
1. HS biet:

.

Mot so tinh chat vat li, ling dung, phuong phap dieu che clo trong phong thi
nghiem va trong cong nghiep. Clo la chat khi doc.
2. HS hieu:
-

Tinh chat hoa hoc co ban ciia clo la tinh chat oxi hoa manh: oxi hoa kim
loai, phi kim va mot so hop chat. Clo co tinh oxi hoa manh la do do am
dien Idfn.
- Trong mot so phan ung clo con the hien tinh khii.
3. HS van dung:
Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc minh hoa cho tinh oxi hoa manh va tinh khir
cQa clo, phuong trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling dieu che clo trong phong thi
nghiem.


B - CHUAN Bj CUA GV VA HS
GV:
-

Tranh ve so do binh dien phan dung dich NaCl co mang ngan.

-

Hai lo chiJa khi clo dilu che san, day nap, den con, kep sat...

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC
Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng 1
KIEM TRA B A I C U - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (5 phiit)
GV:

HSl:

Kiem tra li thuyet HS 1:

Tra Idi li thuyet.

Cau hinh electron nguyen tir cua cac
nguyen to trong nhom halogen co diem
gi giong va khac nhau? Tir do neu khai
quat ve tinh chat ciia cac halogen.
GV:

HS2:

Goi HS 2 chira bai tap 5 (SGK 119)
GV:

Chira bai tap 5 (SGK tr. 119)

Nhan xet va cham diem.
Hoqt dpng 2
I. TINH CHAT VAT LI CUA CLO (5 phiit)
GV:

HS:

Cho HS quan sat lo thuy tinh chiia clo Neu tinh chat vat li cua clo:
—> yeu cau HS quan sat ket hop vofi doc - 0 dieu kien thucmg, clo la chat khi
SGK va neu tinh chat vat li ciia clo.
mau vang luc, miii xoc, nang hon khong

21

khi 2,5 Ian (d CI
-^KK

29

2,5).

- Clo tan vura phai trong nude tao thanh
nudfc clo.
- Clo doc.


Hoqt dpng 3
11. TINH CHAT H O A HOC CUA CLO (20 phiit)
GV:

HS:

Yeu cau HS viet cau hinh electron cua Viet cau hinh electron va du doan tinh
clo, tra bang do am dien va du doan tinh chat hoa hoc co ban cua clo:
chat hoa hoc co ban cua clo.
Cau hinh: 3s^3p^
- Nguyen tu clo d6 thu them 1 electron
de tro thanh anion CI:
0

CI + 1 e -^ CI
3s^3p-^

3s^3p^
- Clo CO do am dien 3,16 (nho hon do
am dien cua flo va oxi. Vi vay trong cac
hgfp chat vofi flo, oxi, clo co so oxi hoa
duong (+ 1, + 3, + 5, + 7), con trong cac
hgfp chat v6i nguyen to khac: clo co so
oxi hoa am (-1)
- Clo la mot phi kim hoat dong manh,
trong mot so phan ling, clo cung the
hien tinh khir.
Tinh chat hoa hoc cua clo
GV:
GV gi6i thieu cac tinh chat cua clo va
yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh phan ling
minh hoa (HS ghi ro so oxi hoa cua cac
nguyen to co su thay doi).
GV:

1) Tac dung hau het kim loai:
0

0

+

-

2Na + Cl2 ^ 2 N a C l
0

0

+3 -

2Fe + 3Cl2 ^ 2 F e C l 3
2) Tac dung v6i hidro:
0

0

Trong cac phan ling tren, clo the hien
H2 + C l 2 - > 2 C 1
tinh khu hay tinh oxi hoa? So oxi hoa
Trong cac phan ling o tinh chat 1, 2: clo
cua clo tang hay giam? (goi HS tra lofi).
the hien tinh oxi hoa.
GV:
3) Tac dung vofi nudfc va dung dich
Hudfng dan HS viet cac phuong trinh kiern:
phan ling cua clo vofi nudfc, dung dich
8

0

H2O+ CI2 ^

-

+

CI + H C 1 0


NaOH, dung dich KOH. Xac djnh so
oxi hoa cua cac nguyen to va nhan xet
ve vai tro ciia clo a cac phan ling tren.

0

-

+

CI 2+ 2NaOH->Na CI + Na CI O + H2O
(Nu6c gia ven)

- Nudfc clo va nu6c gia ven cd tinh tay
mau.
- Trong cac phan ling tren: clo vira la
chat oxi hoa, vira la chat khii -^ cac
phan ling tren la nhirng phan irng tu oxi
hoa - khii.
GV:

HS:

Neu cau hoi: Nho vai giot nudfc clo mdfi Tra Idi cau hoi
dugc di^u che va vai giot nudfc gia ven
vao maiu giay qui tim thi qui tim chuyen
mau nhu the nao?

GV:
4) Tac dung v6i muoi ciia cac halogen
Gidi thieu vdi HS: clo khong oxi hoa khac:
duoc ion F nhung oxi hoa dugc ion Br
va ion I trong dung dich muoi
halogenua.
GV:
Yeu cau HS ghi cac so oxi hoa ciia cac
nguyen to' vao phuong trinh phan ling.

0

_

-

0

CI2 + 2NaBr -^ 2NaCl + Br2
0

_

-

0

CI2 +2NaI ->2NaCl + I2

GV:

Cac phan ling tren chiing minh trong
nhdm halogen: tinh oxi hoa ciia clo
manh manh hon brom va iot.
5) Tac dung vdfi chat khii khac:
GV:
Gidfi thieu: clo oxi hoa dugc nhi6u chat
khac (GV hudng dan HS viet phuong
trinh phan irng va xac dinh so oxi hoa
ciia cac nguyen tir).

0

+4

-

+6

Q 2 + 2H2O + S 0 2 ^ 2H CI + H2SO4
+2

+3

Q2 + 2FeCl2^2FeCl3


Hoqt dpng 4 (5 phut)
III. UNG DUNG
IV. TRANG T H A I T U N H I E N
GV:

HS:

Yeu cau HS doc SGK va tdm tat phan
ling dung, trang thai tu nhien.

+ Neu ling dung:
+ Trang thai tu nhien:

Hoqt dpng 5
V. DIEU CHE (7 phiit)
GV:

1) Trong phong thi nghiem:

Neu nguyen lieu de dieu che clo va lam *) Nguyen lieu:
thi nghiem dieu che clo.
+ Cac cha't oxi hoa manh nhu: Mn02,
-^ goi HS viet phuong trinh phan ling KMn04, KCIO3...
dieu che clo tir KMn04, Mn02, KCIO3 + AxIt HCl dac.
va each thu khi clo (ghi ro so oxi hoa
Phuong trinh:
cua cac nguyen to va can bang phuong +4
+ +2
0
trinh phan irng bang phuong phap thang Mn02 +4HC1
-> Mn CL + CI.
bang electron).
+ H2O
+7

+2

2K Mn O4 + 16H CI ^ 2KC1 + 2 Mn CI2
0

+ 5CI2 + 8H2O
+5

-

0

KC103 + 6HC1^KC1 + 3 CI 2
+ 3H2O
*) Cach thu khi clo: phuong phap day
khong khi dat diing binh thu.
GV:

HS:

- Yeu cau HS giai thich ve vai tro cua
H2SO4 dac, dung dich NaCl, bong tam
NaOH trong cac dung cu, so do diSu
che khi clo.

Tra Idi cac cau hoi cua GV.

- Hoi HS: Khi thu khi clo, vi sao ta phai
dat diing binh thu?

10


2) Trong cong nghiep:
GV:

HS:

Gi6i thieu each san xuat clo trong cong Clo dugc dugc san xuat bang each dien
nghiep.
phan dung dich NaCl co mang ngan.
GV treo tranh va phan tich vai tro cua 2NaCl + 2H2O
mang ngan -^ goi HS viet phuong trinh
phan ling.

''P ^ ^ > 2NaOH
+ Cl2t + H2t

Hoqt dpng 6

CUNG CO BAI - BAI TAP VE NHA
HS:

GV:

Yeu cau HS nhac lai cac noi dung chinh Nhac lai cac noi dung chinh cua bai.
ciia bai.
• Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK tr. 125).

Tiet 49

A - MUC

-

LUYEN TAP

TIEU

Cung c6 cac kien thiic co ban ve tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hoc va dieu
che clo.

-

Ren luyen ki nang viet cac phuong trinh phan ling ciia clo va phan ling
dieu che.

-

Tie'p tuc ren luyen ki nang xac dinh so oxi hoa va can bang cac phuong
trinh phan ling oxi hoa khu.

-

Ren luyen ki nang lam cac bai tap tinh loan.

11


B - CHUAN B! CUA GV VA HS
GV:

May chieu, giay trong, biit da.
HS:
Hoc ki bai cQ.
C-TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC
Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1
I. KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (20 phiit)
GV:

HSl va HS2:

Kiem tra li thuyet hai HS:

Tra Idfi li thuye't.

- Neu tinh chat hoa hgc ciia clo, viet
cac phuong trinh phan ling minh hoa.
- Neu nguyen tdc dieu che' clo trong
phong thi nghiem va trong cong nghiep.
Viet cac phuong trinh phan ling dieu
che' clo.
GV:

HS3:

Ggi HS len chua bai tap 3, 4 (SGK tr. Chira bai tap 3: (SGK 125)
125)

Bai tap 3:
Phuong trinh phan ling:
MnO, + 4HCI - -^

MnCl2 + CI2T
+ 2H2O (1)

CI2 + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H2O
(2)
69,6
= 0,8 (mol)
87
nNaOHbandau = 0 , 5 x 4 = 2(mol)
n MnO-,

theo phuong trinh 1:
12


nci2 = "Mn02 = 0'8 (mol)
theo phuong trinh 2:
nwaOH phan Aig = 2 HQ^ = 0,8x2 = 1,6 (mol)
"NaCl = nNaCIO = " Q ^ = 0,8 ( m o l )
"NaOH con du = 2 - 1,6 = 0,4 ( m o l )

+ Nong do mol ciia cac cha't trong
dung dich thu dugc sau phan ling la:
0,4
= 0,8M
'M(NaOH)

0,5
^MCNaCl) - ^MCNaClO)

0,8
= L6M
0,5

HS4:
+2

0

+3 - 1

a) 2FeCl2+Cl2^2FeCl3
-> CI2 la chat oxi hoa.
0

+4

-1

+6

b) CI2 + SO2 + H2O ^ 2H CI + H2 SO4
-^ CI2 la chat oxi hoa.
0

-1

+5

c)6K0H+ 3 C l 2 ^ 5 K C l + KC103
+3H2O
-^ CI2 vira la chat oxi hoa, vira la chat
khii.
GV:
Ggi cac em HS khac len nhan xet, GV
bo xung va cham diem.
Hoqt dpng 2
11. LUYEN TAP (24 phiit)
GV:
Chieu bai tap 1 trong phieu hgc tap len
man hinh - yeu cau HS lam bai tap vao
vd.
13


Bai tap 1:

HS:

Hoan thanh phuong trinh phan ling cho
so do:

Lam bai tap vao vdf:

CL — U

HCl - ^

NaCl —^

CI2

BaCL

-^^

1) CI2 + H2

^ HCl

2) Ba(0H)2 + 2HC1 -^ BaCl2 + 2H2O

3) BaCl2 + Na2S04 -^ BaS04 + 2NaCl
Trong cac phan irng tren, phan ling nao
4) 2NaCl + 2H2O ^P^^ ) 2NaCl
la phan ling oxi hoa khir? vi sao?
0

0

+ CI2 + H2
Trong cac phan dug tren, phan ling 1, 4
la phan ling oxi hoa - khii vi cd su thay
doi so' oxi hoa cua cac nguyen to.
GV:
Chieu bai lam ciia mot so' HS len man
hinh va nhan xet.

GV:
Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 2 (GV chieu
de bai len man hinh)
Bai tap 2:
Cd hdn hgp gom Fe va kim loai A cd
hoa tri khong doi x.
- Neu hoa tan hdn hgp trong HCl du,
thu dugc 7,84 lit khi.
- Neu cho hdn hgp tren tac dung het
vdfi clo thi can mot the tich la 8,4 lit
a) Tinh the tich khi clo da hoa hgp vdfi
kim loai A, bie't rang trong hdn hgp, ti
le so' nguyen tii Fe va A la 1: 4.
b) Neu khd'i lugng kim loai A trong hdn
hgp la 5,4 gam thi A la kim loai gi?
(the tich cac khi do a dktc)
HS:
GV:
Ggi va hudfng dan HS lam tiTng budc. Viet phuong trinh phan ling:
14


GV chie'u len man hinh.

Fe + 2HC1 -> FeCl2 + H2

(1)

A + xHCl-> ACl^ + - H 2

(2)

2Fe + 3CI2
a
1,5a

t^'

^ 2FeCL

A+ - C L - > A C L
4a

(3)
(4)

2ax

+ Ggi so' mol Fe cd trong hdn hgp 0
mdi thi nghiem tren la a ^^ so' mol ciia
A la 4a
+ Ta cd he:
a + 2ax = ^ ^ = 0,35
22,4

1,5a + 2ax =

8,4
22,4

0,375

Giai he phuong trinh ta cd:
a = 0,05
ax = 0,15
^

X= 3

a)
—> the tich khi clo da hoa hgp vdfi kim
loai A la:
VQ (4) = 2ax X 22,4
= 0,3 X 22,4 = 6,72 lit
b)
54
M. = ^ ^ = 27
^ 0,2

vay A la Al.

15


Hoqt dpng 4 {\ phiit)
GV:
Ra bai tap ve nha: bai tap 5.8; 5.9; 5.12;
5.18; 5.19 (sach bai tap trang 39, 40)

PHIEU HOC TAP

Bai tap 1:
Hoan thanh phuong trinh phan ling cho so do:
CI2 — ^ HCl ^ - ^ BaCl2 ^ - > NaCl

->
r CL
^,^

Trong cac phan ling trdn, phan ling nao la phan irng oxi hoa khu? Vi sao?
Bai tap 2:
Cd hdn hgp gom Fe va kim loai A cd hoa tri khong doi x.
-

Neu hoa tan hdn hgp trong HCl du, thu dugc 7,84 lit khi.

-

Ne'u cho hdn hgp tren tac dung het vdfi clo thi can mot the tich la 8,4 lit
a) Tinh the tich khi clo da hoa hgp v6i kim loai A, biet rang trong hdn hgp,
ti le so' nguyen tii Fe va A la 1: 4.
b) Neu khd'i lugng kim loai A trong hdn hgp la 5,4 gam thi A la kim loai
gi? (the tich cac khi do 6 dktc)

Tiet 50

HIDRO CLORUA - AXIT CLOHIDRIC

A-MUCTIEU
1. HS biet:
-

Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hgc cua hidro clorua va axit clohidric.

-

Ti'nh chat ciia muoi clorua va each nhan biet ion clorua.

2. HS hieu:
-

16

Trong phan tii HCl: clo cd so oxi hoa - 1 la so' oxi hoa thap nhat, vi vay
HCl the hien tinh khir.


-

Nguyen tac dieu che' hidro clorua trong phong thi nghiem va trong cong
nghiep.

3. HS van dung:
-

Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa cho tinh axit va tinh khir cua axit
clohidric.

-

Nhan biet hgp chat chiia ion clorua.

B : CHUAN B! CLJA GV VA HS
GV:
-

Chu^n bi hoa chat, dung cu de lam thi nghiem: thii tinh tan cua hidro
clorua trong nudfc.

-

Binh chiia khi hidroclorua.

-

Qui tim.

-

Chau thuy tinh dung H2O.

-

Thi nghiem dieu che' hidro clorua; thi nghiem nhan biet ion CI"

-

Hoa chat: NaCl, H2SO4, dac, dung dich AgN03, dung dich NaCl.

-

Dung cu: den con, d'ng nghiem, d'ng dan khi, gia sat.

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC
Hoqt dpng cua GV

Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1
I. KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (10 phiit)
GV:

HSl:

Kiem tra li thuyet HS 1: Neu cac tinh
chat hoa hgc cua clo

Tra Idfi 11 thuye't

- Ggi hai HS chira bai tap 3, 4 (SGK
tr. 125)
HS2:
Chua bai tap 3 (SGK tr. 125)
17


Bai tap 3:
Phuong trinh:
MnOo + 4HC1

-> MnCl2 + 2H2O

+ Cl2t

n ^"°2

(1)

69,6
0,8 mol
55 + 16 X 2

theo phuong trinh (1):
nci2 = "Mno^ = 0.8 mol
CI2 + 2 N a O H - > NaCl + NaClO + H2O
nNaOHbandau = 0 , 5 x 4 = 2 m o l

theo phuong trinh 2:
"NaCl = nNaCio = " a ^ = 0,8 mol
-^

"NaOH phan tag = 0 ' 8 X 2 = 1,6 m o l

"NaOH dir= 2 - 1 , 6 = 0,4 mol
*) dung dich thu dugc sau phan ling cd:
NaOH, NaCl, NaClO.
0,8
C M NaCl - C M NaClO

'M NaOH •

0,5

1,6M

M = 0,8M
0,5

HS3:
Chua bai tap 4 (SGK 125)
a)
+2

0

+3 -

2FeCl2 + C l 2 - ^ 2 F e C l 3
CI2 la chat oxi hoa.
b)
CI2 + SO2 + H2O -^ 2HC1 + H2SO4
CI2 la chat oxi hoa.

18


c)
0

-

+5

6KOH + 3Cl2->5KCl + KCIO3
+ 3H2O
CI2: vira la cha't khir vira la chat oxi hoa.
GV:

d)

0
+
Ggi HS khac nhan xet —> GV cha'm
2Ca(OH)2 + 2 CI 2 ^ Ca (CI 0)2
diem.

+ CaCl2 +2H2O
CI2: viia la chat khu vira la chat oxi hoa.
Hoqt dpng 2
I. TINH CHAT VAT LI (5 phiit)
HS:

GV:

Quan sat thi nghiem va nhan xet ve cac
sau dd lam thi nghiem thii tinh tan cua tinh chat vat II cua hidro clorua.
Cho HS quan sat binh dung khi HCl,

hidro clorua trong nudfc -^ yeu cau HS
nhan xet ve tinh chat vat li ciia hidro
clorua.
GV:

Thong bao bo xung cac tinh cha't con
lai.
Hoqt dpng 3
II. TINH CHAT HO A HOC (15 phiit)
GV:

HS:

Gidi thieu: hidro clorua khd khong lam

Nghe giang va ghi bai.

qui tim doi mau, khdng tac dung vdfi
CaC03 de giai phong khi CO2.
- Dung dich hidro clorua trong nude
ggi la dung dich axit clohidric.
19


1) Tinh axit cua dung dich HCl
GV:

HS:

Yeu cau cac nhdm thao luan de du doan Thao luan nhdm de du doan tinh chat
tinh chat hoa hgc cua HCl (dua vao hoa hgc ciia HCl:
trang thai oxi hoa cua clo, thanh phan - Dung dich HCl la axit manh.
phan tu...) \ a viet cac phuong trinh phan
- Tac dung vdi oxit bazo.
ling minh hoa.

2HC1 + CaO -^ CaCl2 + H2O
- Tac dung vdi bazo.
NaOH + HCl -^ NaCl + H2O
Mg(0H)2 + 2HC1 -^ MgCl2 + 2H2O
- Tac dung vdi mud'i.

GV:
Ggi y de HS nit ra dugc tinh oxi hoa
ciia nguyen tu hidro trong phan tii HCl
(d phan ling vdi kim loai).

CaCOg + 2HC1 -^ CaCl2 + C 0 2 t + H2O
- Tac dung vdi kim loai (diing trudc H
trong day hoat ddng hoa hgc)
Zn + 2HC1 -^ ZnCl2 + H2t
2) Tinh khu cua HCl

GV:

HS:

Ggi HS giai thich: \ i sao HCl (d the khi
xa. trong dung dich) cd tinh khir?

K2C2O7 + I4HCI - ^ 3 C l 2 + 2KCl

+6

_

0

+3-1

GV:

+ 2Cr CI3 +7H2O

Ket luan ve tinh chat ciia HCl:

+7

- Tinh axit manh, tinh oxi hoa.

2 K M n 0 4 + 1 6 H C l ^ 2KC1
+2

- Tinh khu.

0

+ 2 M n C L + 5Clo + 8HoO
Hoqt dpng 4 (5 phiit)
III. DIEU CHE
1) trong phong thi nghiem

GV:
Lam thi nghiem dieu che' HCl va gidi
thieu nguyen lieu de dieu che', each lap
dat.

20

-


GV:

HS:

Yeu cau HS nhac lai nguyen tac dieu

Dieu che' hidro clorua tir NaCl ran va

che' hidro clorua trong phong thi axit sunfuric dam dac:
nghiem (nguyen lieu, each thu, phuong
t"<250"C>
NaCl + H2SO4 -> NaHS04
trinh phan ling...)
+ HC1
(ran)
(dac)
2NaCl + H2SO4
(ran)

t">400"C

-> Na2S04

(dac)

+ 2HC1

+ Cach thu khi HCl:
- Thu khi HCl bang each day khdng
khi (dat diing binh thu)
- Hoa tan khi HCl vao nude, ta dugc
dung dich axit "clohidric
2) Trong cong nghiep:
GV:

HS:

Gidi thieu each san xuat HCl trong
cong nghiep.

Nghe giang va ghi bai.

Hoqt dpng 5
IV. MUOI CUA AXIT CLOHIDRIC. NHAN BIET ION CLORUA (5 phiit)
1) Muoi ciia axit clohidric:

GV:

Sir dung bang tinh tan va gidi thieu ve HS:
mud'i ciia axit HCl -> yeu cau HS nhan

Nhan xet ve tinh tan ciia mud'i clorua:

xet ve tinh tan.

- Da so' mud'i clorua de tan trong nude:
NaCl, KCl, MgCl2...
- Mot so' mud'i clorua h£u nhu khdng
tan: AgCl, PbCl2, CuCl...

GV:
Gidi thieu ve mot so' mud'i cd ling dung
quan

trgng.

VI du:

NaCl,

ZnCl2,

AICI3...
21


2) Nhan biet ion clorua:
GV:

HS:

Lam thi nghiem: nho dung dich Riit ra nhan xet:
AgN03 vao dung dich NaCl -^ yeu cau Dung dich AgN03 la thud'c thu de
HS nhan xet hien tugng va neu each nhan biet ion CF (hien tugng: xuat hien

nhan biet ion CI . Viet phuong trinh ke't tua trang)
phan ling.
AgN03 + NaCl -^ NaN03 + AgClJ'
Hoqt dpng 6 (4 phiit)

CUNG CO BAI - BAI TAP VE NHA
GV:

HS:

Ggi HS nhac lai cac noi dung chinh
ciia bai.
GV:

Nhac lai noi dung chinh cua bai.

Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 1:
HS:
Trinh bay phuong phap hoa hgc de Neu each lam bai tap 1
phan biet cac dung dich: HCl, HNO3, - Danh sd' thii tu cac Ig hoa chat va lay
mau thii.
NaCl, NaNO,.
- Nho cac gigt dung dich vao qui tim.
- Neu qui tim chuyen dd: la dung dich
HCl, HNO3 (nhdm 1).
Bai tap 1:

- Neu qui tim khdng chuyen mau la
NaCl, NaN03 (nhdm 2).
+ Ldn lugt nho dung dich AgN03 vao

cac dung dich ciia nhdm 1 va nhdm 2.
- O nhdm 1: ne'u c6 ket tiia la dung
dich HCl, con lai la dung dich HNO3
HCl + AgN03 -^ AgCli + NaNOg
- C) nhdm 2: ne'u cd ket tua la dung
dich NaCl.
NaCl + AgNOj -> AgCli + NaN03
con lai la NaNOg.
22


GV:
Nhan xet bai lam cua HS va cham
diem.
• Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK tr. 130).

Tiet 51 - 52

HOP CHAT CO OXI CUA CLO

A-MUCTIEU
1. HSbiet:
-

Cong thiic, ten ggi mot so' oxit va axit cd oxi cua clo.

-

Quy luat bien doi tinh oxi hoa va do ben ciia cac hgp chat cd oxi cua clo.

-

Tinh chat chung ciia cac hgp chat cd oxi cua clo la tinh oxi hoa.

-

Phan ling dieu che' va ling dung cua nude Gia-ven, mud'i clorua vdi.

2. HS hieu:
-

Trong hgp chat cd oxi ciia clo, clo cd sd' oxi hoa duong.

-

Hgp chat cd oxi ciia clo cd tinh oxi hoa.

3. HS van dung:
-

Giai thich tinh tay trang, sat triing ciia nude Gia-ven va clorua vdi.

-

Viet dugc mot so' phan ling dieu che' nude Gia-ven, clorua vdi, mud'i clorat.

B - CHUAN Bj CUA GV VA HS
GV:
-

May chie'u, gia'y trong, but da, bang nhdm..

-

Nude Gia-ven.

-

Mau clorua vdi, KCIO3, giay mau.

-

Ong hiit, dng nghiem, kep gd.

23