medical terminology

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Medical Terminology
Prefixes and suffixes
The following is an alphabetical list of medical prefixes and suffixes, along with their meanings,
origin, and an English example.

A
Prefix or
suffix
a-, an-

Meaning
Denotes an absence of

ababdomin(o)-

away from
Of or relating to the
abdomen

-ac, -acal

pertaining to

acanth(o)-

thorn or spine

acous(io)-

Of or relating to
hearing

acr(o)-

extremity, topmost

-acusis

hearing

-ad

toward, in the
direction of
increase, adherence,
motion toward, very
Of or relating to a
gland

ad-

Origin language and
etymology
Ancient Greek ἀ-/ἀν(a-/an-), without, not
Latin
Latin (abdōmen),
abdomen, fat around the
belly

Greek -ακός (-akos)
Ancient Greek ἄκανθα
(akantha), thorn
Greek ἀκουστικός
(acoustikos), of or for
hearing
Greek ἄκρον (akron),
highest or farthest point
Greek ἀκουστικός
(acoustikos), of or for
hearing

Example(s)
Apathy, Analgia
Abduction
Abdomen
cardiac, hydrophobiac,
pharmacomaniacal
acanthion, acanthocyte,
acanthoma, acanthulus
acoumeter, acoustician
Acrocrany, acromegaly,
acroosteolysis, acroposthia
paracusis
dorsad

Latin

Adduction

Ancient Greek ἀδήν,
ἀδέν- (adēn, aden-), an
acorn; a gland
Latin (adeps, adip-), fat

Adenocarcinoma,
adenology, adenotome,
adenotyphus
Adipocyte

Latin

adrenal artery
Anaemia

aer(o)air, gas
aesthesio- (BrE)
sensation

Greek ἀναιμία, without
blood
Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος
Greek αἴσθησις

-al
alb-

Latin -alis
Latin albus, white

abdominal
Albino

Greek ἄλγος
Greek
Greek
Ancient Greek ἄλλος

Analgesic
Myalgia
Myalgia
Alloantigen, allopathy

aden(o)-,
aden(i)adip(o)adren(o)-aemia (BrE)

alge(si)-algia
alg(i)oallo-

Of or relating to fat or
fatty tissue
Of or relating to
adrenal glands
blood condition

pertaining to
Denoting a white or
pale color
pain
pain

pain
Denoting something as

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Aerosinusitis
Anesthesia

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ambi-

amnioamph-,
amphiananaan(o)
andr(o)angi(o)anisoankyl(o)-,
ancyl(o)anteantiapoarch(i,e,o)

different, or as an
addition
Denoting something as
positioned on both
sides; Describing both
of two
Pertaining to the
membranous fetal sac
(amnion)
on both sides

(allos), another, other

not, without
back, again, up
anus
pertaining to a man
blood vessel
Describing something
as unequal
Denoting something as
crooked or bent

Greek
Greek
Latin
Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρGreek ἀγγεῖον
Ancient Greek ἄνῑσος
(anīsos), unequal
Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος
(ankýlos), crooked,
curved
Latin (āntē), before, in
front of

Of or pertaining to an
artery

arthr(o)-

Of or pertaining to the
joints, limbs
joint
pertaining to
enzyme

-asthenia
atel(o)
-ation
atri(o)aur(i)-

Latin (ambi-, ambo),
both, on both sides

Ambidextrous

Greek ἄμνιον

Amniocentesis

Greek ἀμφί (amphi)

Amphicrania, amphismela,
amphomycin
Analgesia
Anaplasia

Describing something
as positioned in front
of another thing

Describing something
Ancient Greek αντι
as 'against' or 'opposed (anti), against
to' another
separated from,
Ancient Greek ἀπό
derived from
first, primitive

arteri(o)-

articul(o)-ary
-ase

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weakness
imperfect or
incomplete
development
process
an atrium (esp. heart
atrium)
Of or pertaining to the
ear

Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία
(artēría), a wind-pipe,
artery (used distinctly
versus a vein)

Ancient Greek αρθρος
(arthros), a joint, limb
Latin articulum
Latin -arius
Greek διάστασις,
division
Greek, ἀσθένεια

Andrology, android
Angiogram
Anisotropic, anisocytosis
Ankylosis
antepartum
Antibody, antipsychotic
Apoptosis
archinephron : first formed
kidney
Artery, Arteriole

Arthritis
Articulation
bilary tract
Lactase
Myasthenia gravis
atelocardia : imperfect
development of the heart

Latin
atrioventricular
Latin (auris), the ear

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Aural

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aut(o)aux(o)-

self
increase; growth

Greek αὐτο-

axill-

Of or pertaining to the
armpit [uncommon as
a prefix]
nitrogenous compound

Latin (axilla), armpit

azo(to)

Autoimmune
auxocardia : enlargement
of the heart
Axilla
azothermia : raised
temperature due to
nitrogenous substances in
blood

B
Prefix/suffix
Meaning
balanoOf the glans penis or
glans clitoridis
bitwice, double

Origin language and etymology
Greek βάλανος - balanos, acorn,
glans
Latin

Example(s)
Balanitis

bioblast(o)blephar(o)-

Ancient Greek βίος
Greek βλαστός
Ancient Greek βλέφαρον
(blépharon), eyelid

Latin (brachium), from Ancient
Greek βραχίων (brachiōn), arm
Ancient Greek βραχύς (brachys),
short; little, shallow
Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradys),
slow

Biology
Blastomere
Blepharoplast

brady-

life
germ or bud
Of or pertaining to the
eyelid
Of or relating to the
arm
Indicating 'short' or
less commonly 'little'
Indicating 'slow'

bronch(i)-

bronchus

bucc(o)-

Of or pertaining to the

cheek
bursa

brachi(o)brachy-

burs(o)-

Brachium
brachycephalic
Bradycardia

Latin (bucca), cheek

Bronchiolitis
obliterans
Buccolabial

Latin

Bursitis

C
Prefix/suffix
capillcapitcarcin(o)cardi(o)carp(o)-

cata-cele
-centesis
cephal(o)-

Meaning

Of or pertaining to hair
Pertaining to the head
(as a whole)
cancer
Of or pertaining to the
heart
Of or pertaining to the
wrist

down, under
pouching, hernia
surgical puncture for
aspiration
Of or pertaining to the
head (as a whole)

Origin language and etymology
Latin (capillus), hair
Latin (caput, capit-), the head

Example(s)
Capillus
Capitation

Greek καρκίνος (karkinos), crab
Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía),
heart
Latin (carpus) < Ancient Greek
καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE:
This root should not be confused

with the mirror root carp(o)meaning fruit.
Greek κατά (kata)
Ancient Greek κήλη (kēlē)
Ancient Greek κέντησις (kentēsis)

Carcinoma
Cardiology

Ancient Greek κεφαλή (képhalē),
the head

Cephalalgy

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Carpopedal

Cataract
Hydrocele
Amniocentesis

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Nguồn: />cerat(o)cerebell(o)cerebr(o)cervicchem(o)chir(o)-,
cheir(o)chlor(o)-

Of or pertaining to the
cornu; a horn

Of or pertaining to the
cerebellum
Of or pertaining to the
brain
Of or pertaining to the
neck, the cervix
chemistry, drug
Of or pertaining to the
hand
Denoting a green color

chol(e)cholecyst(o)-

Of or pertaining to bile
Of or pertaining to the
gallbladder

chondr(i)o-

cartilage, gristle,
granule, granular
color

chrom(ato)-cidal, -cide
cilicircumcisclast
cocol-, colo-,
colonocolp(o)comcontra
corcor-, core-,
corocordicornu-

cost(o)cox-

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Ancient Greek κέρας, κερατ(kéras, kerat-), a horn
Latin (cerebellum), little brain

Ceratoid

Latin (cerebrum), brain

Cerebrology

Latin (cervix, cervīc-), neck,
cervix
Greek χημεία
Ancient Greek χείρ, χειρο- (cheir,
cheiro-), hand
Ancient Greek χλωρός (chloros),
green, yellow-green
Ancient Greek χολή (cholē), bile
Ancient Greek χοληκύστις
(cholēkýstis), gallbladder < χολή
(cholē), bile, gall + κύστις (kýstis),
bladder
Ancient Greek χονδρός (chondros)

Cervicodorsal

Ancient Greek χρῶμα

Cerebellum

Chemotherapy
Chiropractor
Chlorophyll
Cholaemia
Cholecystectomy

Chondrocalcinos
is
Hemachromatosi
s

killing, destroying
Of or pertaining to the
cilia, the eyelashes;
eyelids
Denoting something as
'around' another
on this side
break
with, together, in
association
colon

Latin
< Latin (cilium), eyelash; eyelid

Ciliary

Latin (circum), around

Circumcision

Of or pertaining to the
vagina
with, together
against
with, together
Of or pertaining to eye's
pupil
Of or pertaining to the
heart [Uncommon as a
prefix]
Applied to processes
and parts of the body
describing them likened
or similar to horns
Of or pertaining to the
ribs
Of or relating to the hip,

Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos),
bosom, womb; hollow, depth
Latin
Latin
Latin
Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē), girl,
doll; pupil of the eye
Latin (cor, cordi-), heart

Latin (cis)
Greek κλαστός
Latin
Colonoscopy
Colposcopy
Contraindicate
Corectomy
Commotio cordis

Latin (cornū), horn

Latin (costa), rib

Costochondral

Latin (coxa), hip

Coxopodite

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crani(o)-

haunch, or hip-joint
Belonging or relating to
the cranium

-crine
cry(o)cutanecyan(o)-

to secrete
cold
skin
Denotes a blue color

cyclcyph(o)-

circle, cycle
Denotes something as
bent [uncommon as a
prefix]
Of or pertaining to the
urinary bladder
cell
cell

cyst(o)-,
cyst(i)cyt(o)-cyte

Latin (cranium) < Ancient Greek
κρᾱνίον (krānion), the cranium,
skull, bones enclosing the brain

Greek κρύος
Latin
Ancient Greek κύανος, κυάνεος
(kýanos, kyáneos), blue
Greek κύκλος (kuklos)
Ancient Greek κυφός (kȳphós),
bent, hunchback
Ancient Greek κύστις (kýstis),
bladder; cyst
Greek κύτος
Greek

Craniology
Endocrine
Cryoablation
Subcutaneous
Cyanopsia
Cyphosis
Cystotomy
Cytokine
Leukocyte

D
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

dacryodactyl(o)-

tear

Of or pertaining to a finger, toe

dedent-

away from, cessation
Of or pertaining to teeth

dermat(o)-,
derm(o)-

Of or pertaining to the skin

-desis
dextr(o)dididia-

binding
right, on the right side
two
apart, separation
(same as Greek meaning)

difdigit-

apart, separation
Of or pertaining to the finger [rare
as a root]
separation, taking apart
Of or pertaining to the back

disdors(o)-,

dors(i)duodeno-

dynam(o)-

duodenum, twelve: upper part of
the small intestine (twelve inches
long on average), connects to the
stomach
force, energy, power

Origin language and
etymology
Greek δάκρυ
Ancient Greek
δάκτυλος (dáktylos),
finger, toe
Latin deLatin (dens, dentis),
tooth
Ancient Greek δέρμα,
δέρματ- (dérma,
démat-), skin, human
skin
Greek δέσις (desis)
Latin dexter
Greek διLatin
Ancient Greek διά
(diá), through, during,
across
Latin
Latin (digitus), finger,

toe
Latin disLatin (dorsum), back
Latin duodeni

Example(s)
Dactylology

Dentist
Dermatology

arthrodesis
Dextrocardia

Diacetyl

Digit
Dissection
dorsal,
Dorsocephalad
Duodenal
atresia

Greek δύναμις
(dunamis)

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5

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dys-

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pain
bad, difficult

Greek δυσ-

Dysphagia,
dysphasia

E
Prefix/suffix
-eal
ecect(o)-ectasis
-ectomy

-emesis
-emia

Meaning
pertaining to
out, away
outer, outside
expansion, dilation
Denotes a surgical
operation or removal of

a body part. Resection,
excision
vomiting condition
blood condition (AmE)

encephal(o)-

Of or pertaining to the
brain. Also see Cerebro.

endo-

Denotes something as
'inside' or 'within'
Of or pertaining to the
intestine
[Same as Greek meaning:
on, upon]

enter(o)epiepisi(o)-

Of or pertaining to the
pubic region, the loins

erythr(o)-

Denotes a red color

-esophageal,
-esophago

esthesioeuexexo-

gullet (AmE)

extra-

outside

sensation (AmE)
true, good, well, new
out of, away from
Denotes something as
'outside' another

Origin language and
etymology
Latin
Greek ἐκ- (ek-)
Greek ἐκτός
Ancient Greek ἔκτασις
Ancient Greek ἐκτομή
(ectomē), excision
Greek ἕμεσις
Greek ἀν-αιμία,
without blood
Ancient Greek
ἐγκέφαλος
(enképhalos), the brain
Ancient Greek ἐνδο(endo-), inside, internal
Ancient Greek ἔντερον

(énteron), intestine
Ancient Greek ἐπι(epi-), before, upon, on,
outside, outside of
Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον(epísion), the pubic
area, loins; vulva
Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός
(erythros), red
Greek οἰσοφάγος
Greek αἴσθησις
Greek
Latin
Ancient Greek ἐξω(exo-), outside of,
external
Latin

Example(s)

Ectopic pregnancy
Bronchiectasis
Mastectomy

Hematemesis
Anemia
Encephalogram
Endocrinology,
Endospore
Gastroenterology
Epistaxis, epicardium,
episclera, epidural
Episiotomy

Erythrocyte

Eukaryote
Exoskeleton

F
Prefix/suffix
faci(o)fibr(o)
filli-

Meaning
Of or pertaining to
the face
fiber
fine, hair like

Origin language and
etymology
Latin (faciēs), the
face, countenance

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Example(s)
Facioplegic
Fibroblast
6

Nguồn: />-form, -iform

Used to form
adjectives indicating
'having the form of'

fossa
front-

Of or pertaining to
the forehead

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Latin (forma), form,
shape

Cuneiform

Latin (fossa), ditch,
pit
Latin (frōns, front-),
the forehead

fossa ovalis
Frontonasal

G
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

Origin language and
etymology
galact(o)milk
Greek γάλα, γαλακτgastr(o)Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek γαστήρ
stomach
(gastēr), γαστρ-, stomach,
belly
-gen
(1) Denotes the sense 'born Ancient Greek -γενής (in, from' (2) Denotes the
genēs) < γεν-νάειν (gensense 'of a certain kind'
náein), to be born
-genic
Formative, pertaining to
Greek
producing
genuOf or pertaining to the
Latin (genū), knee
knee
gingivOf or pertaining to the
Latin (gingīva), gum
gums
glauc(o)Denoting a grey, bluishAncient Greek γλαῦκος
grey color
(glaúkos), grey, bluishgrey
gloss(o)-,
Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek γλῶσσα,
glott(o)tongue

γλῶττα (glōssa, glōtta),
tongue
glucoglucose
Greek γλυκός, sweet
glycosugar
gnath(o)Of or pertaining to the jaw Ancient Greek γνάθος
(gnáthos), jaw
-gnosis
knowledge
Greek
gon(o)seed, semen; also,
Ancient Greek γόνος
reproductive
-gram
record or picture
Greek γράμμα
-graph
record or picture
Ancient Greek -γραφία (graphía), written, drawn,
graphic interpretation
-graphy
process of recording
gyn(aec)o- (BrE), woman
Greek γυνή, γυναικgyn(ec)o- (AmE)

Example(s)
Galactorrhea
Gastric bypass
(1) Endogen; (2)
Heterogenous

Cardiogenic shock
Genu valgum
Gingivitis
Glaucoma
Glossology

Glucocorticoid
Glycolysis
Gnathodynamometer
diagnosis, prognosis
Gonorrhea
Angiogram
Electrocardiograph
Angiography
Gynecomastia

H
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

halluc-

to wander in mind

hemat-, haemato(haem-, hem-)

Of or pertaining to blood

Origin language and

etymology
Classical Latin to wander
in mind
Latin (hæma) < Ancient
Greek αἵμα, αἱματ- (haima,

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Example(s)
Hallucinosis
Hematology, older
form Haematology
7


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hema or hemo-

blood (AmE)

hemi-

one-half

hepat- (hepatic-)

Of or pertaining to the
liver

heter(o)-

Denotes something as 'the
other' (of two), as an
addition, or different
sweat
tissue
similar

hidr(o)hist(o)-, histiohome(o)hom(o)humer(o)hydr(o)hyperhyp(o)hyster(o)-

Denotes something as 'the
same' as another or
common
Of or pertaining to the
shoulder (or [rarely] the
upper arm)
water
Denotes something as
'extreme' or 'beyond
normal'
Denotes something as
'below normal'
Of or pertaining to the
womb, the uterus

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haimat-), blood
Greek
Ancient Greek ἡμι(hēmi-), "half"

Ancient Greek ἥπαρ,
ἡπατο- (hēpar, hēpato-),
the liver
Ancient Greek ἕτερος
(héteros), the other (of
two), another; different
Greek ἱδρωτGreek ἱστός
Ancient Greek ὅμοιος
(homoios)
Ancient Greek ὁμο(homo-), the same,
common
Incorrect Etymology <
Latin (umerus), shoulder
Greek ὕδωρ
Ancient Greek ὑπέρ
(hyper), over, above;
beyond, to the extreme
Ancient Greek ὑπ(ο)(hypo-), below, under
Ancient Greek ὑστέρα
(hystéra), womb

Hematological
malignancy
Cerebral hemisphere
Hepatology

Heterogeneous
Hyperhidrosis
Histology
Homeopathy

Homosexuality
Humerus
Hydrophobe
Hypertension
Hypovolemia,
Hysterectomy

I
Prefix/suffix

-ic
-icle
-ics

pertaining to
small
organized knowledge, treatment

idio-

self, one's own

ileoinfra-

ileum
below

Origin language and
etymology
Greek -ίασις

Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός
(iātrós), healer,
physician
Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός
(iātrós), healer,
physician
Greek -ικός (-ikos)
Latin
Latin -ica < Greek <
-ικά
Greek ἴδιος, idios,
"one's own"
Greek ἰλεός
Latin

inter-

between, among

Latin

-i-asis
iatr(o)-iatry

Meaning
condition
Of or pertaining to medicine, or a
physician [uncommon as a prefix;
common as as suffix, see -iatry]
Denotes a field in medicine of a certain

body component

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Example(s)
Mydriasis
Iatrochemistry
Podiatry,
Psychiatry
Hepatic artery
Ovarian follicle
Idiopathic
Ileocecal valve
Infrahyoid
muscles
Interarticular
ligament
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intra-

within

Latin

irid(o)ischio-

iris
Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hipjoint

Greek ἴρις
Ancient Greek ἰσχιόν
(ischión), hip-joint,
ischium

-ism
-ismus
iso-

condition, disease
spasm, contraction
Denoting something as being 'equal'

-ist
-ite
-itis
-ium
isch-

one who specializes in
the nature of, resembling
inflammation
structure, tissue
Restriction

Intracranial
hemorrhage
Iridectomy
Ischiorrhogic
Dwarfism

Greek -ισμός
Ancient Greek ἴσος
(ísos), equal
Greek -ιστής (-istes)
Greek -ίτης
Greek ἴσχω

Isotonic
Pathologist
Hermaphrodite
Tonsillitis
pericardium
Ischemia

K
Prefix/suffix
karyokerat(o)kin(e)-, kin(o), kinesi(o)koil(o)kyph(o)-

Meaning
nucleus
cornea (eye or skin)
movement
hollow
humped

Origin language and etymology
Greek κάρυον, "nut"
Greek
Greek κινέω
Greek κοῖλος (koilos)
Greek κυφός

Example(s)
Eukaryote
Keratoscope
Kinesthesia
Koilocyte
Kyphoscoliosis

L
Prefix/suffix
labi(o)lacrim(o)-

Of or pertaining to the lip
tear

Origin language and
etymology
Latin (labium), lip
Latin

lact(i)-, lact(o)
lapar(o)-

latero-

milk
Of or pertaining to the abdomenwall, flank
Of or pertaining to the larynx, the
lower throat cavity where the
voice box is
lateral

Latin
Ancient Greek λαπάρᾱ
(lapárā), flank
Ancient Greek λάρυγξ,
λαρυγγ- (lárynx, laryng-),
throat, gullet
Latin

lei(o)-lepsis, -lepsy

smooth
attack, seizure

Greek λεῖος
Greek λῆψις

lept(o)leuc(o)-,
leuk(o)lingu(a)-,
lingu(o)lip(o)lith(o)log(o)-logist

light, slender

Denoting a white color
Of or pertaining to the tongue

Greek λεπτός (leptos)
Ancient Greek λευκός
(leukos), white, bright
Latin (lingua), tongue

fat
stone, calculus
speech
Denotes someone who studies a
certain field: _____-logy

Greek λίπος
Greek λίθος
Greek λόγος
Ancient Greek λογιστής
(logistēs), studier,

laryng(o)-

Meaning

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Example(s)
Labiodental
Lacrimal

canaliculi
Lactation
Laparotomy
Larynx
Lateral pectoral
nerve
Leiomyoma
Epilepsy,
narcolepsy
Leukocyte
Linguistics
Liposuction
Lithotripsy
Oncologist,
pathologist
9


Nguồn: />
-logy
lymph(o)lys(o)-, -lytic
-lysis

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Denotes the academic study or
practice of a certain field
lymph
dissolution
Destruction, separation

practitioner
Ancient Greek λόγoς (logos)
study
Greek λέμφος, λύμφη
Greek
Greek λύσις

hematology,
urology
Lymphedema
Lysosome
Paralysis

M
Prefix/suffix
macr(o)-malacia
mamm(o)mammill(o)manumast(o)-

Meaning
large, long
softening
Of or pertaining to the
breast
Of or pertaining to the
nipple
Of or pertaining to the
hand
Of or pertaining to the
breast

Origin language and
etymology
Greek μακρός
Greek μαλακία
Latin (mamma), breast; udder

Latin (manus), hand

Manufacture

Ancient Greek μαστός
(mastós), breast, women's
breast; man's pectoral muscle
Greek μέγας

Mastectomy

Ancient Greek μέλας, μελανο(melas, melano-), black; dark
Ancient Greek μέλος
Greek μῆνιγξ, μηνιγγGreek μέρος (meros), part

Melanin

enlargement

melos
mening(o)mero-

extremity

membrane
part

mes(o)-

middle

meta-meter
-metry
metr(o)-

mon(o)-

after, behind
measurement
process of measuring
Pertaining to conditions
or instruments of the
uterus
denoting something as
small, or relating to
smallness
single

morph(o)muscul(o)-

form, shape
muscle

Greek μορφή

Latin

my(o)-

Of or relating to muscle

myc(o)myel(o)-

fungus
Of or relating to bone
marrow

Ancient Greek μῦς, μυ- (mys,
my-), muscle; mouse; mussel
Greek μύκης, μυκητAncient Greek μυελόν
(myelon), marrow; bone-

micro-

Macrophage
Osteomalacia
Mammogram

Latin (mammilla), nipple

meg(a)-,
megal(o)-,
-megaly
melan(o)-

black color

Example(s)

Ancient Greek μέσος (mesos),
"middle"
Greek μετά
Greek μέτρον
Greek -μετρία
Ancient Greek μήτρᾱ (mētrā),
womb, uterus

Splenomegaly

erythromelalgia
Meningitis
merocrine,
meroblastic
Mesoderm
Metacarpus
Sphygmomanometer
Optometry
Metrorrhagia

Ancient Greek μικρός
(mikros), small

Microscope

Greek μονός

Infectious
mononucleosis
Morphology
Musculoskeletal
system
Myoblast

10
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Onychomycosis
Myeloblast
10


Nguồn: />
myring(o)myx(o)-

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
marrow
Latin myringa
Greek μύξα

eardrum
mucus

Myringotomy
Myxoma

N
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

Origin language and
etymology
Greek νάρκη
Latin (nāsum), nose
Greek νεκρός

narc(o)nas(o)necr(o)-

numb, sleep
Of or pertaining to the nose
death

neonephr(o)-

new
Of or pertaining to the kidney

nerv-

Of or pertaining to nerves and the
nervous system [Uncommon as a
root: neuro- mostly always used]

neur(i)-,
neur(o)-

Of or pertaining to nerves and the
nervous system

normo-

normal

Greek νέος
Ancient Greek νεφρός
(nephrós), kidney
Latin (nervus), tendon;
nerve; Cognate with the
Greek νευρον (neuron) (see
below)
Ancient Greek νεῦρον
(neuron), tendon, sinew;
nerve
Latin

Example(s)
narcolepsy
nasal
Necrotizing
fasciitis
Neoplasm
Nephrology
Nerve

Neurofibromatosis

Normocapnia

O
Prefix/suffix
ocul(o)odont(o)odyn(o)-oesophageal,
oesophago- (BrE)
-oid
ole
olig(o)om(o)-oma (singular),
-omata (plural)
omphal(o)oncoonych(o)oooophor(o)-

Meaning
Of or pertaining to the
eye
Of or pertaining to
teeth
pain
gullet

Origin language and etymology
Example(s)
Latin (oculus), the eye
Oculist
Ancient Greek ὀδούς, ὀδοντ(odoús, odont-), tooth
Greek ὀδύνη
Greek οἰσοφάγος

orthodontist

resemblance to
small or little
Denoting something
as 'having little,
having few'
Of or pertaining to the
shoulder
tumor, mass,
collection
Of or pertaining to the
navel, the umbilicus
tumor, bulk, volume
Of or pertaining to the
nail (of a finger or
toe)
Of or pertaining to the
an egg, a woman's
egg, the ovum
Of or pertaining to the

Greek -οειδής
Latin
Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (oligos),
few

Sarcoidosis

Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmos),
shoulder
Greek -ωμα

Omoplate

Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός
(omphalós), navel, belly-button
Greek ὄγκος
Ancient Greek < ὄνυξ, ὀνυχο(ónyx, ónycho-), nail; claw; talon

Omphalotomy

Ancient Greek ᾠόν, ᾠο- (ōón,
ōo-), egg, ovum

Oogenesis

Neoclassical Greek ᾠοφόρον

Oophorectomy

11
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

stomatodynia

Oligotrophy

Sarcoma, Teratoma

Oncology
Onychophagy

11


Nguồn: />
Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

woman's ovary
Of or pertaining to the
eye
Of or relating to
chemical properties of
the eye
Of or pertaining to the
mouth
testis

(ōophóron), ovary, egg-bearing
Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός
(ophthalmós), the eye
Middle French (optique) < Greek
ὀπτικός (optikós); Cognate with
Latin oculus, relating to the eye
Latin (ōs, or-), mouth

Denoting something
as straight or correct
a condition, disease or
increase

Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthos),
straight, correct, normal
Greek -ωσις

osseoossi-

bony
bone

Latin
Latin

ost(e)-, oste(o)ot(o)-

bone
Of or pertaining to the
ear
pertaining to
Of or pertaining to the
ovaries
Of or pertaining to the
eggs, the ovum
addition of oxygen
sharp, acid, acute,
oxygen

Greek ὀστέον
Ancient Greek οὖς, ὠτ- (ous,
ōt-), the ear
Latin -osus

Latin (ōvarium), ovary

ophthalm(o)optic(o)or(o)orchi(o)-,
orchidoorth(o)-osis

-ous
ovari(o)ovo-, ovi-, ovoxooxy-

Greek ὀρχις (orkhis, orkhi-)

Latin (ōvum), egg, ovum

Ophthalmology
Opticochemical
Oral
Orchiectomy,
Orchidectomy
Orthodontist
Harlequin type
ichthyosis,
Psychosis
Peripheral ossifying
fibroma
Osteoporosis
Otopathy

Ovariectomy
Ovogenesis

Greek ὀξύς

Greek ὀξύς

P
Prefix/suffix
pachypalpebrpan-, pant(o)-

Meaning
thick
Of or pertaining to the eyelid
[uncommon as a root]
Denoting something as 'complete' or
containing 'everything'

papill-

Of or pertaining to the nipple (of the
chest/breast)

papul(o)-

Indicates papulosity, a small
elevation or swelling in the skin, a
pimple, swelling

para-paresis
parvopath(o)-pathy

alongside of, abnormal
slight paralysis
small

disease
Denotes (with a negative sense) a

Origin language and
etymology
Greek παχύς
Latin (palpebra), eyelid
Ancient Greek πᾶς,
παν- (pas, pan-), all,
every
Latin (papilla), nipple;
dimunitive of papula
(see below)
Latin (papula), pimple,
pustle; a small
elevation or swelling in
the skin
Ancient Greek παρά
Greek πάρεσις
Latin parvus
Greek πάθος
Ancient Greek πάθος

12
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Example(s)
pachyderma
Palpebra
panophobia,

panopticon
Papillitis
Papulation

hemiparesis
Parvovirus
Pathology
sociopathy,
12


Nguồn: />disease, or disorder

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

ped-, -ped-,
-pes
pelv(i)-,
pelv(o)-penia
peo-pepsia

Of or pertaining to the foot; -footed

(pathos), suffering,
accident
Latin (pēs, pēd-), foot

hip bone

Latin

Pelvis

deficiency
Of or pertaining to the penis
Denotes something relating to
digestion, or the digestive tract.

osteopenia
Peotomy
Dyspepsia

perperi-pexy
phaco-

through
Denoting something with a position
'surrounding' or 'around' another
fixation
lens-shaped

Greek πενία
Greek πέος (peos)
Ancient Greek πεπτός
(peptós) cooked,
digested < πέσσω
(péssō) I boil, cook;
digest
Latin
Ancient Greek περί

(peri), around
Greek πῆξις
Greek φακός

-phage,
-phagia

Forms terms denoting conditions
relating to eating or ingestion

-phagophagist-:
-phagy
phallopharmacopharyng(o)-

-phil(ia)
phleb(o)-

phob(o)phon(o)phos-

phot(o)phren(i)-,

Ancient Greek φαγία
(phagía) eating <
φαγεῖν (phagein) to eat
eating, devouring
Greek -φάγος
Forms nouns that denote a person
Ancient Greek
who 'feeds on' the first element or
φαγιστής (phagistēs)

part of the word
eater; see -phagia
Forms nouns that denotes 'feeding
Ancient Greek φαγία
on' the first element or part of the
(phagia) eating; see
word
-phagia
phallus
Greek φαλλός (phallos)
drug, medication
Greek φάρμακον
Of or pertaining to the pharynx, the
Ancient Greek φάρυγξ,
upper throat cavity
φαρυγγ- (phárynx,
pháryng-), throat,
windpipe; chasm
attraction for
Greek φιλία
Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, Ancient Greek φλέψ,
a vein
φλεβ- (phleps,
phlebo-), blood-vessel,
vein
exaggerated fear, sensitivity
Greek φόβος
sound
Greek φωνή
Of or pertaining to light or its

Ancient Greek φῶς,
chemical properties, now historic
φωτ- (phōs, phōt-),
and used rarely. See the common
light
root phot(o)- below.
Of or pertaining to light
Ancient Greek φῶς,
φωτ- (phōs, phōt-),
light
[[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm], Greek φρήν, φρεν-

13
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

neuropathy
Pedoscope

Periodontal
Nephropexy
phacolysis,
phacometer,
phacoscotoma
Sarcophagia
phagocyte
Lotophagi
Anthropophagy
Aphallia
pharmacology
Pharyngitis,

Pharyngoscopy
Hemophilia
Phlebography,
Phlebotomy
arachnophobia
Phosphene

Photopathy
Phrenic nerve,
13


Nguồn: />phren(o)-,
phrenico
-plasia
-plasty
-plegia
pleiopleur(o)-,
pleur(a)

the mind]

-plexy
pneum(o)-

stroke or seizure
Of or pertaining to the lungs

pneumat(o)pod-, -pod-,
-pus

-poiesis
polio-

air, lung
Of or pertaining to the foot, -footed

poly-

Denotes a 'plurality' of something

por(o)porphyr(o)-

pore, porous
Denotes a purple color

postprepresby(o)primproproct(o)prot(o)-

pseudopsych(e)-,
psych(o)
-ptosis
-ptysis

formation, development
surgical repair, reconstruction
paralysis
more, excessive, multiple
Of or pertaining to the ribs

production
Denoting a grey color

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
schizophrenia
Greek πλάσις
Greek πλαστός
Greek πληγή
Greek pleion
Latin (pleura) <
Ancient Greek πλευρόν
(pleurón), rib, side of
the body
Greek πλῆξις
Ancient Greek
πνεύμων, πνευμον(pneumōn, pneumon-),
lung < πνεῦμα
(pneuma), wind, spirit

Achondroplasia
rhinoplasty
paraplegia
pleiomorphism
Pleurogenous

Ancient Greek πούς,
ποδ- (poús, pod-), foot

Podiatry

Ancient Greek πολιός
(poliós), grey

Ancient Greek πολυς
(polys), much, many

Ancient Greek
πορπύρα (porphýra),
purple
Denotes something as 'after' or
Latin (post), after,
'behind' another
behind
Denotes something as 'before'
Medieval Latin (pre-) <
another (in [physical] position or
(Classical) Latin (præ),
time)
before, in front of
old age
Greek
Denotes something as 'first' or 'most- Latin (prīmus), first,
important'
most important
Denotes something as 'before'
Ancient Greek προ
another (in [physical] position or
(pro), before, in front
time)
of
anus, rectum
Denotes something as 'first' or 'most- Ancient Greek πρωτος
important'

(prōtos), first;
principle, most
important
Denotes something false or fake
Of or pertaining to the mind
Ancient Greek ψυχή
(psyché), breath, life,
soul
falling, drooping, downward
placement, prolapse
(a spitting), spitting, hemoptysis, the

14
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Cataplexy
Pneumonocyte,
Pneumonia

hematopoiesis
Poliomyelitis
Polymyositis
Porphyroblast
Postoperation,
Postmortem
Prematurity
Presbyopia
Primary
Procephalic
proctology

Protoneuron

Psychology,
Psychiatry
Apoptosis

14


Nguồn: />
Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

spitting of blood derived from the
lungs or bronchial tubes
Of or relating to the lungs.

pulmon-,
pulmopyel(o)pyopyro-

pelvis
pus
fever

Latin (pulmo, pulmōn-,
usually used in plural),
a lung
Ancient Greek (pyelos)
Greek πύον
Greek πῦρ, πυρετός

pulmonary
Pyelonephritis
Pyometra
Antipyretic

Q
Prefix/suffix
quadr(i)-

Meaning
four

Origin language and etymology
Latin

Example(s)
quadriceps

R
Prefix/suffix
radiorerect(o)ren(o)-

Meaning

Origin language and
etymology
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin (rēnes), kidney

Example(s)

reticul(o)retrorhabd(o)rhachi(o)-

radiation
again, backward
rectum
Of or pertaining to the
kidney
net
backward, behind
rod shaped, striated
spine

rhin(o)-

Of or pertaining to the nose

rhod(o)-

Denoting a rose-red color

-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
(AmE)
-rrhexis
-rrhoea

(BrE)
rubr(o)-

burst forth
rapid flow of blood
surgical suturing
flowing, discharge

Ancient Greek ῥίς, ῥῑνο(rhīs, rhīno-), nose
Ancient Greek ῥόδον
(rhódon), rose
Greek -ρραγία
Greek -ρραγία
Greek ῥαφή
Greek -ρροια

rupture
flowing, discharge

Greek ῥῆξις
Greek -ρροια

Diarrhoea

Of or pertaining to the red
nucleus of the brain

Latin (ruber), red

Rubrospinal

Latin
Latin
Greek ῥάβδος
Greek ῥάχις

renal
retroverted
rachial, rachialgia,
rachidian, rachiopathy
rhinoceros, rhinoplasty
Rhodophyte
Hemorrhage

Galactorrhea

S
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

salping(o)-

Of or pertaining to the fallopian
tubes

sangui-,
sanguinesarcoschist(o)-

Of or pertaining to blood

muscular, fleshlike
split, cleft

Origin language and
etymology
Ancient Greek σάλπιγξ,
σαλπιγγ-, (sálpinx,
salpingo-) trumpet
[literally]
Latin (sanguis,
sanguin-), blood
Greek σάρξ, σαρκGreek σχιστός (schistos)

15
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Example(s)
Salpingectomy

Sanguine
sarcoma
15


Nguồn: />
Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

schiz(o)-

Denoting something 'split' or

'double-sided'

scler(o)-sclerosis
scoli(o)-scope
-scopy
semisial(o)sigmoid(o)sinistr(o)sinus-

hardness
hardening of the skin
twisted
instrument for viewing
use of instrument for viewing
one-half, partly
saliva, salivary gland
sigmoid, sigmoid colon
left, left side
Of or pertaining to the sinus

-sis
sitosomat(o)-,
somaticospasmosperma-,
spermo-,
spermatosplanchn(i)-,
splanchn(o)splen(o)spondyl(o)-

condition of
food, grain
body, bodily

Ancient Greek σχιζω;

Irregular formation of
the verb σχίζειν
(schizein), to cut, split
Greek σκληρός
Greek
Greek σκολιός (skolios)
Greek -σκόπος
Greek -σκοπία
Latin
Greek σίαλος (sialos)
Greek σιγμοειδής
Latin
Latin (sinus), a curve,
bend, bay
Greek -σις
Greek σῖτος
Greek σῶμα

spasm
semen, spermatozoa

Greek σπασμός
Greek σπέρμα (sperma)

viscera

Greek σπλάγχνον

spleen
Of or pertaining to the spine, the

vertebra

Splenectomy
Spondylitis

squamos(o)-

Ancient Greek στῆθος
(stēthos), chest, cuirass

Stethoscope

sthenostom(a)

Denoting something as 'full of
scales' or 'scaly'
stop, stand
dripping, trickling
Denoting something as 'narrow in
shape' or pertaining to narrowness
Of or pertaining to the upper
chest, chest, the area above the
breast and under the neck
strength, force, power
mouth

Greek σπλήν, σπληνGreek σπόνδυλος /
σφόνδυλος, (spóndylos /
sphóndylos), the spine
Latin (sqāmōsus), full of

scales; scaly
Greek στάσις
Greek στακτός
Ancient Greek στενός
(stenos), narrow; short

stomat(o)-

Of or pertaining to the mouth

-stomy
subsupersuprasy(l)-, sym-,

creation of an opening
beneath
in excess, above, superior
above, excessive
Indicates similarity, likeness, or

-stasis
-staxis
sten(o)steth(o)-

Greek σθένος
Greek στόμα
Ancient Greek στόμα,
στοματ- (stóma,
stomat-), mouth
Greek -στομία
Latin

Latin
Latin
Ancient Greek συν-

16
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Schizophrenia

atherosclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
scoliosis
stethoscope
endoscopy
sialagogue

Sinusitis
osteoperosis

Spermatogenesis

Squama

Stenography

stomatognathic
system
Stomatogastric
colostomy
subcutaneous tissue

superior vena cava
supraorbital vein
Synalgia,
16


Nguồn: />syn-, sys-

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

being together; Assimilates
before some consonants: before l
to syl-, s to sys-, before a labial to
sym-.

(syn), with, together

Synesthesia,
Syssarcosis

T
Prefix/suffix
tachy-tension, -tensive
thecthel(e)-, thel(o)thely-

Meaning
Denoting something as fast,
irregularly fast
pressure
case, sheath

Of or pertaining to a nipple
[uncommon as a prefix]
Denoting something as
'relating to a woman, feminine'

therm(o)thorac(i)-,
thorac(o)-,
thoracicothromb(o)-

heat
Of or pertaining to the upper
chest, chest; the area above the
breast and under the neck
Of or relating to a blood clot,
clotting of blood

thyr(o)thym(o)(ia)-

thyroid
emotions

-tic
toco-tome
-tomy

pertaining to
childbirth
cutting instrument
act of cutting; incising,
incision

tone, tension, pressure
tension
place, topical
toxin, poison

tono-tony
top(o)tox(i)-, tox(o)-,
toxicotrache(o)trachel(o)transtrich(i)-, trichia,
trich(o)-tripsy
-trophy
tympan(o)-

Origin language and
etymology
Ancient Greek ταχύς
(tachys), fast, quickly
Latin
Ancient Greek θήκη
(theke)
Ancient Greek θηλή
(thēlē), a teat, nipple
Ancient Greek θῆλυς
(thēlys), female,
feminine
Ancient Greek θερμός
Latin (thōrāx) <
Ancient Greek θώραξ
(thōrax), chest, cuirass
Ancient Greek θρόμβος
(thrómbos), lump,

piece, clot of blood
Greek θυρεο-ειδής
Greek: "thymos," spirit,
soul; courage; breath,
mind, emotions
Greek -τικός
Greek τόκος
Greek τομή
Greek -τομία
Greek τόνος
Greek -τονία
Greek τόπος
Greek τοξικόν

trachea
Of or pertaining to the neck

Greek τραχεία
Ancient Greek
τράχηλος (tráchēlos),
neck
Denoting something as moving Latin (trāns), across,
or situated 'across' or 'through' through
Of or pertaining to hair, hairAncient Greek θρίξ,
like structure
τριχ(ο)- (thríx,
trich(o)-), hair
crushing
Greek τρίψις
nourishment, development

Greek -τροφία, τροφή
eardrum
Greek τύμπανον

17
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Example(s)
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Intrathecal
Theleplasty
Thelygenous

Thorax
Thrombus,
Thrombocytopenia
dysthymia

Gastrotomy

Toxoplasmosis
Tracheotomy
Transfusion
Trichotomy
Lithotripsy
Tympanocentesis
17

Nguồn: />
Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

U
Prefix/suffix

ungui-

small
beyond, excessive
Of or pertaining to the navel, the
umbilicus
Of or pertaining to the nail, a claw

Origin language and
etymology
Latin
Latin
Latin (umbilīcus), navel,
belly-button
Latin (unguis), nail, claw

un(i)-

one

Latin (unus)

ur(o)-

Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary
system; (specifically) pertaining to the
physiological chemistry of urine
uric acid

Ancient Greek οὖρον
(ouron), urine

Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary
system

Latin (ūrīna), urine <
Ancient Greek ουρον
(ouron), see above.
Latin (uterus), womb,
uterus

-ula, -ule
ultraumbilic-

uri(c)-,
uricourinuter(o)-

Meaning

Of or pertaining to the uterus or womb

Example(s)
Nodule
Umbilical

Unguiform,
Ungual
Unilateral
hearing loss
Urology

Greek οὐρικός
Uriniferous
Uterus

V
Prefix/suffix

Meaning

vagin-

Of or pertaining to the vagina

varic(o)vas(o)vasculoven-

swollen or twisted vein
duct, blood vessel
blood vessel
Of or pertaining to the (blood)
veins, a vein [used in terms
pertaining to the vascular system ]
Of or pertaining to the belly; the
stomach cavities
Of or pertaining to the bladder

ventr(o)vesic(o)viscer(o)-

Of or pertaining to the internal
organs, the viscera

Origin language and
etymology
Latin (vāgīna), sheath,
scabbard
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin (vēna), blood-vessel,
vein
Latin (venter), the belly, the
stomach; the womb
Latin (vēsīca), bladder;
blister
Latin (viscera), internal
organs; plural of (viscerum),
internal organ

Example(s)
Vagina
varicose
vasoconstriction
Vein,
Venospasm
Ventrodorsal

Vesica
Viscera

X
Prefix/suffix
xanth(o)xen(o)-

Meaning
Denoting a yellow color, an
abnormally yellow color
Foreign, different

Origin language and
etymology
Ancient Greek ξανθός
(xanthós), yellow
Greek ξένος (xenos), stranger

Example(s)
Xanthopathy
Xenograft

Y
Prefix/suffix
-y

Meaning
condition or process of

Origin language and etymology

Latin -ia < Greek -ία

Example(s)
Surgery

Z
18
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

18


Nguồn: />Prefix/suffix
zo(o)zym(o)-

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

Meaning
animal, animal life
fermentation, enzyme

Origin language and etymology
Greek ζῷον
Greek ζύμη

Example(s)

English meanings
This section contains lists of different root classification (e.g. body components, quantity, description,
etc.). Each list is alphabetized by English meanings, with the corresponding Greek and Latin roots

given.

Roots of the Body
Roots of Bodily Concepts
Bodily Concept
Digestion
Disease
Eating

Greek Root
-pepsia
-pathy
-phagia

Latin Root
-

Other Root
-

Roots of body parts and components
(Internal Anatomy, External Anatomy, Body Fluids, Body Substances)
Body Part/Component
Greek Root
Latin Root
abdomen
lapar(o)abdominaorta
aort(o)aort(o)arm
brachi(o)armpit
axillartery

arteri(o)back
dorsbig toe
allicbladder
cyst(o)vesic(o)blood
haemat-, hemat- (haem-,
sangui-,
hem-)
sanguineblood clot
thromb(o)blood vessel
angi(o)vascul-, vasbody
somat-, somcorporbone
oste(o)ossibone marrow, marrow
myel(o)medullbrain
encephal(o)cerebr(o)breast
mast(o)mamm(o)chest
steth(o)cheek
buccear
ot(o)aureggs, ova
oooveye
ophthalm(o)ocul(o)eyelid
face
fallopian tubes
fat, fatty tissue
finger
forehead
gallbladder
genitals, sexually undifferentiated
gland

blephar(o)salping(o)lip(o)dactyl(o)cholecyst(o)gon(o)-, phall(o)aden(o)-

19
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

cili-; palpebrfaci(o)adipdigitfront(o)fell-

Other Root
optic(o)
[French]
19


Nguồn: />
Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

glans penis or clitoridis
gums
hair
hand
head
heart
hip, hip-joint
horn
intestine
jaw
kidney
knee
lip
liver
loins, pubic region

lungs

balan(o)trich(o)cheir(o)-, chir(o)cephal(o)cardi(o)cerat(o)enter(o)gnath(o)nephr(o)goncheil(o)-, chil(o)hepat(o)- (hepatic-)
episi(o)pneumon-

marrow, bone marrow
mind
mouth
muscle
nail
navel
neck
nerve; the nervous system
nipple, teat
nose
ovary
pelvis
penis
pupil (of the eye)
rib
rib cage
shoulder
sinus
skin
skull
stomach
testis
throat (upper throat cavity)
throat (lower throat cavity/voice
box])

thumb
tooth
tongue
toe
tumour
ureter
urethra

myel(o)psychstomat(o)my(o)onych(o)omphal(o)trachel(o)neur(o)thelerhin(o)oophor(o)pyel(o)pe(o)cor-, core-, coropleur(o)thorac(i)-, thorac(o)om(o)dermat(o)- (derm-)
crani(o)gastr(o)orchi(o)-, orchid(o)pharyng(o)laryng(o)odont(o)gloss-, glottdactyl(o)cel-, onc(o)ureter(o)urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-

20
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

gingivcapillmanucapit(o)cordicoxcornurengenulabi(o)jecorpudendpulmon(i)(pulmo-)
medullmentorunguiumbiliccervicnervpapill-, mammillnasovari(o)pelv(i)cost(o)humer(o)sinuscut-, cuticulventr(o)-

-

pollicdent(i)lingu(a)digittumureter(o)urethr(o)-,
urethr(a)-

-

-

20


Nguồn: />urine, urinary System

uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
vein
vulva
womb
wrist

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
ur(o)sarping(o)hyster(o)-, metr(o)colp(o)phleb(o)episi(o)hyster(o)-, metr(o)carp(o)-

urin(o)sarping(o)uter(o)vaginvenvulvuter(o)carp(o)-

-

Roots of Color
Color
black
blue
gray, grey
green
purple
red
red-yellow
white
yellow

Greek Root in English
melanocyanopoliochlor(o)porphyr(o)erythr(o)-, rhod(o)cirrh(o)leuc-, leukxanth(o)-

Latin Root in English
nigrvirpurpur-, purpureorub-, rubralbflav-

Other Root
jaun - [French]

Roots of Description
[Size, Shape, Strength, etc.]
Description
Greek Root in English
bad, incorrect
cac(o)-, dysbent, crooked
ankyl(o)big
mega-, megal(o)biggest
megistbroad, wide
eurycold
cry(o)dead
necr(o)equal
is(o)false
pseud(o)female, feminine
thelyflat
platygood, well
eugreat
mega-, megal(o)hard
scler(o)heavy
bar(o)hollow
coel(o)huge
megal(o)incorrect, bad
cac(o)-, dyslarge; extremely large
megalargest

megistlong
macr(o)male, masculine
arsenonarrow
sten(o)new
neonormal, correct; straight
orth(o)old
paleosharp
oxy21
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Latin Root in English
mal(e)prav(i)magn(i)maximlat(i)frigmortequ(i)fals(i)plan(i)ben(e)-, bon(i)magn(i)dur(i)grav(i)cavmagn(i)mal(e)magn(i)maximlong(i)virangust(i)nov(i)rectveterac-

Other Root
21


Nguồn: />short
small
smallest
slow
fast
soft
straight, normal, correct
thick
varied, various
well, good
wide, broad

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP

brachymicr(o)bradytachymalac(o)orth(o)pachypoikiloeueury-

brev(i)parv(i)- (rare)
minimtard(i)celermoll(i)rect(i)crass(i)variben(e)lat(i)-

-

Roots of position
Description

Greek Root
in English
around
perileft
levomiddle
mes(o)right
dexi(o)surrounding peri-

Latin Root in
English
circumlaev(o)-, sinistrmedidextr(o)circum-

Other
Root
-

Roots of quantity
(Amount, Quantity)
Description
Greek

Root in
English
double
diploequal
isofew
oligohalf
hemimany,
polymuch
twice
dis-

Latin
Root in
English
dupliequipaucisemimulti-

Other Root
demi- (French)
-

bis-

-

List of Latin words with English derivatives
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).
Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works
distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article both distinctions are shown as they are helpful

when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin spelling and pronunciation.

Nouns and adjectives
The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative
singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally
derived.
Latin Nouns and Adjectives
Citation
Declining stem
Meaning
English derivative
form
acerbus
acerbbitter
acerbic
acētum
acētvinegar
acetic
aedificium
aedificibuilding
edifice
22
22
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:


Nguồn: />alacer
alacrquick
albus
albwhite

alius
aliother
anima
animsoul, life
animus
animmind, anger
annus
annyear
ānser
ānsergoose
aqua
aquwater
audāx
audācbrave, bold
auris
aurear
avis
avibird
bellum
bellwar
bonus
bongood
– melior
– melior– better
– optimus
– optim– best
bōs
bovcow
canis
candog

cervīx
cervīcneck
cīvis
cīvcitizen
clāvicula
clāvicullittle key
coniūnx
coniugspouse
cornū
cornhorn
deus
degod
diēs
diēday
discipulus
discipulstudent
dominus
dominlord
domus
domhouse
equus
equhorse
falx
falcsickle
fēlēs (or fēlis) fēlcat
fēmina
fēminwoman
fīlius
fīlison
fīnis

fīnilimit
flōs
flōrflower
folium
folileaf
fōrma
fōrmform, shape, beauty
fors
fortluck
fortis
fortstrength
frāter
frātrbrother
frōns
frontforehead
frūx
frūgfruit
fūmus
fūmsmoke
genus
genbirth, offspring, creation
homō
hominman (human being)
ignis
ignfire
īnsula
īnsulisland
iūdex
iūdicjudge
iūs

iūrright, law
lacrima
lacrimtear
lēx
lēglaw
23
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
alacrity
album, albino
alien, alias
animate, animal
animosity
annual, annuity
anserine
aquamarine, aquatic
audacious
aural
avian, aviary
bellicose, belligerence, antebellum
bonus
– ameliorate
– optimist
bovine
canine, canid
cervix
civil, civilian
clavicle
conjugal

unicorn, capricorn
deity, deification
diary, quotidian
disciple
dominion, dominate, domain
domestic, domicile
equestrian
falcate
feline
feminine, effeminate
filial, affiliation
infinite, final
floral, florist
folio, foliage, portfolio
formal, information
fortune, fortuitous
fortitude, fortify, effort
fratricide, fraternity
front,frontal
frugal
fume
generation, genuine
hominid
ignite, ignition
insulate, peninsula
judge, judicial, adjudicate
justice, jurisdiction
lachrymose
legal, alleged
23

Nguồn: />lūna
lupus
magister
magnus
– māior
– maximus
malus
– peior
–pessimus
manus
mare
māter
mora
nihil
nox
oculus
onus
pater
pavīmentum
pēs
prior
– prīmus
pulcher
punctum
rēx
rūs
sinister
terra

unda
urbs
ursus
vehiculum
vērus
vīlla
vir
vulpēs

lūnlupmagistrmagn– māior– maximmal– peior– pessim
manumarmātrmornihilnoctoculonerpatrpavīmentpedprior– prīmpulchrpun(c)trēgrūrsinistrterrundurbursvehiculvervillvirvulp-

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
moon
wolf
master
big
– bigger
– biggest
bad
– worse
– worst
hand, band of men
sea
mother
delay
nothing
night
eye
load

father
ground
foot
former
– first
beautiful
point
king
farm
left
land
wave
city
bear
wagon
truth
country house
man (male person)
fox

lunar, lunatic
lupine
magistrate
magnitude
– major
– maximum
malevolence, malice, malignant
–pejorative
–pessimist
manual, manuscript

marine, maritime
matron, maternal
moratorium
nil, nihilism, annihilate
nocturnal
inoculate, ocular
exonerate, onus
patron, paternal
pavement
pedestrian
priority
– prime
pulchritude
punctuation, punctual, contrapuntal
regal
rural, rustic
sinister
terrain, terrestrial
undulate, inundate
urban, suburb
ursine
vehicle, vehicular
veracity, verify, verity
village, villa
virile
vulpine

Verbs
In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō"
becomes "incipio".

Latin Verbs
Citation
Present
Perfect
Participial
Meaning
Typical derivative
form
stem
stem
stem
agō
agegāctdo
action, agenda, agent
amō
amamavamatlike, love
amateur, enamor
audiō
audaudivaudithear
audible
capiō
capcepcapttake
capable, captive,
-cipiō
-cip-ceptrecipient, reception
cēdō
cēdcessyield, depart
recede, recession
cogitō
cogitcogitavcogitatthink, ponder

cogitate
24
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

24


Nguồn: />colligo
claudō
-clūdō
clinō
cubō
currō
dō

colligclaud-clūdclincubcurrd-

collegi

doleō
dubitō
eō
faciō
-ficiō
ferō
fīgō
findō
fingō
flectō
flō

fluō
for
gradior
-gredior
gustō
iaciō
-iciō
laudō
linquō
locō
lūdō
mergō
mittō
moveō

doldubitefac-

dolui
dubitavifec-fictulfīx-

nascor
necō
nōscō
-gnōscō
nuntiō

nasci
necnōsc-gnōscnunt-

natus

necavnosc-

petō
pōnō
portō
premō
-primō
pugnō
putō
rideō
rumpō
sciō

petpōnportprem-

petivposu-

pugnput-

pugnavputav-

rumpsci-

rupsciv-

ferfīgfindfingflectflflufgradi-gredigustiaclaudlinquloclūdmergmittmov-

cucurrded-

gress-gressgustaviec(j)iclaudavliqulocavmersmīsmov-

nuntiav-

press-

Nguyễn Đức Thuận K29 YHP
collectclaus-clūsclinatcubatcursdat-ditdolitdubitatitfact-fectlātfixfissfictflexflatfluxfatnone

collect
close

collect
conclude, conclusive

lean
lie
run
give

inclination, recline
incubator
current, recursion
add, dative, editor

grieve
doubt
go
make

dolor, condolence

indubitable
ambition, obituary
effective, facile, factory

bring
fix
cleave, split
fashion, invent
bend
blow
flow
say, speak
step

fertile, refer, relate
crucifixion
fission
fiction
deflect, reflex
inflate
effluent, influx
affable, infant
ingredient, progressive

gustatjact-jectlaudatlictlocatlūs-

taste
throw

gustation

inject, projectile

praise
abandon
place, put
play
dip
send
move

laud, laudable
derelict, relinquish
location
collude, collusion
emerge, immerse
commit, missive
motion, motive, motor,
move
nascent, natal, prenatal

missmotnone
necatnōt-gnōt-, -gnitnuntiat-

be born
dead
know

petitpositportatpress-

bring news of,

announce
seek, attack
put
carry
push

pugnatputatrisruptscit-

fight
think
laugh, smile
break
know

25
Diễn đàn sinh viên ĐH Y Hải phòng:

notable
cognitive
announce
compete, petulant
component, position
deport, portage
imprimatur, oppress,
pressure
pugnacious
compute, putative
derision, ridiculous
interrupt, rupture
science

25