phân dạng và phương pháp giải hóa học 12 phần vô cơ
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CU T H A N H T O A N ;
(I
I
& PhUdng phdp gial nhanh
BAI TAP
•
-•««>•' «
loral NHAXUATBAN
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang YTel
ChirongS.
D A I Clfdll^G
KIM M A I
Cdc em hoc sinh Idp 12 than md'n!
nam vChig kiS'n thiic va c6 the dat ket qua cao nha't trong cac k i thi, cac
em hoc sinh c^n ren luyfin giai nhanh cac dang bai tap thucmg xuyfen, lifin tuc trong
qua trinh hoc tap ciia minh. Di cac em c6 th6m tai Vitu tu ren luyfin cac k l nang giai
bai tap, chupg t6i xin tran trong gioi thidu h6 sach: "Phdn loai vd phuong phdp
giai nhanh bai tap hod hoc 12".
' ••
PMn V6 CO g6m 5 chuong:
^
Chuong 5:
Dai cuong \i kim loai
Chuong 6:
Kim loai k\6m - Kim loai ki^m th6
nh6m
Chuong 7:
Crom - Sat - D6ng
Chiromg 8:
Nhan bie't mot s6' chat v6 co va chu^n d6 dung djch
Chuong 9:
Hoa hoc vdri va'n d^ kinh i6, xa h6i va m6i trucmg
Trong m6i chuong duoc trinh bay:
A. Ly thuyd't co ban
B. Phuong phap giai cac dang bai tap
1. Cau tao nguyen tiir: Nguyen tir ciia hSu hd't cac kim loai co s6' electron b Idp
ngoai cung it (1, 2, 3 e).
2. Cau tao tinh the: Trong tinh th^ kim loai, nguydn tir va ion kim loai nlm a
nhiJng niit ciia mang tinh th6', cac electron hoa tri chuyen dong tu do trong mang
tinh the.
3. Lien ket kim loai: La lien ket duoc hinh thanh giOa cac qguySn ttr va ion kim
loai trong mang tinh the do sir tham gia ciia cac electron tu do.
I I . TINH C H A T CUA K I M L O A I
1. Tinh chat vat ly chung
Cac kim loai deu dSn didn, dSn nhiet, deo, co anh kim la do cac electron tu do
M6i bai tap trong sach duoc tac gia chon loc k l cang, la sir k6't tinh ciia kifi'n
thiic CO tinh chat t6ng hop kd't hop v6i kinh nghidm nhilu nam luy6n thi. Cac bai
tap nay co gia tri rat cao v^ n6i dung, co d6 tin cay rat 16n trong ki^m tra, danh gia.
Cac bai tap duoc n6u ra trong tap sach d^u duoc giai chi tifi't, d^y dii, d6 hi^u
va theo cac phuong phap giai nhanh.
Tac gia xin b^y to long bid't on sau sSc su gop y chan thanh ciia cac ban d6ng
nghifip va cac em hoc sinh.
Chuc cac em dat kd't qua cao trong hoc tap.
I. CAU T A O CUA K I M L O A I
'
Tac gia
trong kim loai gay ra.
2. Tinh chat vat ly rieng
M6t !6' tinh chat vat ly nhu kh6'i luong riSng, nhiet d6 nong chay, tinh ciifng phu
thu6c vao do b^n ciia lien ket kim loai, nguySn tir khdi, ki^u mang tinh th^,... ciia
kim loai
3. Tinh that hoa hoc chung cua kim loai.
Cac kim loai deu CO tinh khir:
M
> M"" + ne
Nguyt n nhan: Cac electron hoa trj ciia nguydn tir kim loai lien k6't yd'u vdi hat nhan
nguydn tii, do do cac kim loai co kha nang nhuong electron de tao thanh ion duong.
a. Tac dung v&i phi kim
Hdu hift cac kim loai khir duoc phi kim thanh ion am. Thf du:
Mia sach Khang Vi^t xin tran trgng giai thi$u tai Quy dgc gid vd xin
idng nghe mgi y kim dong gop, decuon sack ngdy cdng hay han, botch han.
Thu xin giti ve:
Cty T N H H Mpt Thanh Vien - Djch
Van hoa Khang Vi$t.
71, Dinh Tien Hoang, P. Dakao, Quan 1, TP. H C M
Tel: (08) 39115694 - 39111969 - 39111968 - 39105797 - Fax: (08) 39110880
Ho|c Email:
4A1 + 3 0 , — ^
Hg + S
2A1A
> HgS
: . .
h. Tac dung vdi axit
* D6'i y&i dung dich HCl, H:S04 loang:
Cac kiin loai dung trudc H trong day hoat d6ng hod hoc (day dien hoa) khir
duoc ion
(H3O*) ciia cac axit nay thanh H2:
M + nH*
> M"" + - H , t
* D6'i v5i H2SO4 dac, nong; HNO3:
nau ha cac kim loai (triT Au, Pt) khii duoc N va- S trong cac axit nay xu6ng s<3
oxi hoa thap hon.
Thi du: 3Cu + 8HNO,(l)
- The' dien cue chu£n cua k i m loai cdn do duoc cha'p nhan bang sua't difen dOng ciia
pin tao bcri dien cue hidro chudn va diSn cue chudn cua k i m loai cSn do.
> 3Cu(NO,)2 + 2NO + 4 H , 0
2Fe + 6H3S04(d)
c. Tac dung vdi H2O
'"
> Fe2(S04)3 + SSO, + 6H3O
t
- Cac k i m loai c6 tinh khir manh nhir k i m loai kiem, k i m loai kidm tho (Ca, Sr,
Ba, truofc M g trong day dien hoa) khir H^O d6 dang 6 nhiet do thircmg.
Thi du:
2Na + 2H.O
po „+
M
- Mot s6' kim loai khac (nhu M g , Zn, Fe,...) khir duoc hoi nuoc d nhiet d6 cao:
MgO + H ,
Fe +
Cu-"
>
>
* 6 catot (cue - ) : Xay ra sU khir:
M
hoac
X"
hoac
Quyudrc: E ^ H ' / H ^
<
= 0,00 V.
>
2W
+2e
2H2O
X + me
— > 4 H ' + O , + 4e
- Neu anot (cue +) kh6ng tro thi anot bj an mon (tan ddn):
A
>A"" + ae
- Tinh khoi luong cac chat thoat ra 6 didn cue:
> 0 (luon diromg)
- Dien cue hidro chudn : Pt ( H , , 1 a t m ) / H " ( I M ) :
20H" + H .
2 H , 0 + 2e
* d anot (cue +): Xay ra sU oxi hoa:
- Sua't dien dong ciia pin dien hoa: La hieu ciia the didn cue duong (E,+)) v6i th6'
dien cue am (£,.,):
5. The dien circ chuan ciia kim loai
M
M " " + ne
Xay ra su oxi hoa chat khir.
E ° pi„) = E V ) - E V , > 0 (sua't dien dong chuan)
E,pi„), E ° p | , „ phu thuoc vao ban chat ciia k i m loai lam dien cue, n6ng d6 dung
dich va nhiet do.
V:
- Phan ling hoa hoc or cac dien cUc trong binh dien phan:
• 6 cue duong (catot): Xay ra sir khu chat oxi hoa.
H,
[kh]
- Sir dien phan la qua trinh oxi hoa - khijf xay ra 0 be mat cac didn cue khi c6 dong
- Pin dien hoa tao bdi hai cap oxi hoa - khu, trong do:
E,-,
> [oxh]j4„ +
dien mot chi6u di qua chat dien l i nong chay hoac dung dich chat dien l i .
- Pin d'ltn hoa la thiet bi trong do nang lugng ciia phan ling oxi hoa - khir (hoa
nang) chuyen thanh dien nang.
-
- E
IV. S l T B I E N PHAN
2. Pin dien hoa.
=
H2+/H2
(Dill)
[oxh|„,„h + [kh] ,„,„h
Dang oxi hoa (M"*) va dang khu ( M ) ciia ciing m6t k i m loai tao nen m6t cap oxi
hoa - khu ( M " 7 M ) , giOa chung c6 m6'i quan hd:
E(pi,„
(pill)
hoa chat khir manh hon sinh ra chat oxi hoa yeu hon va chat khu yeu hon:
Cui
1. Cap oxi hoa - khurcua kim loai
• O cue am (anot):
^
—
Phan ling giOa hai cap oxi hoa - khir xay ra theo chieu chat oxi hoa manh hon se oxi
Fe-" + Cu
(
po
/M
oxi hoa - khir theo quy tac a.
III. DAY D I E N HOA C U A K I M L O A I
M " " +ne
—
4. Quy tac anpha (a )
1
Day didn hoa ciia k i m loai cho phep d u doan chieu eua phan ling giCra hai cap
K i m loai manh hon (khong tac dung v6'i H^O) day duoc k i m loai y€u hon ra
khoi dung djch mu6'i.
> FeSO, +
(p,„)
(Neu M diing truoc H trong day dien hoa).
3Fe + 4 H . O — ^
Fe304 + 4 H :
d. Tac dung vai dung dich niuoi cua kim loai
Thi du: Fe + CuSO^Cdd)
C
(Neu M durng sau H trong day dien hoa).
> 2NaOH + H.T
M g + H^O.h, — ^
—
m =
i
Trong do
A.I.t
n.F
m : Khoi lugng chat thu dugc 6 dien cue, ti'nh bang gam.
A : K h o i lugng mol cua chat thu dugc 6 dien cue.
n:
56' electron ma nguyen t u hoac ion da nhan.
I:
Cuong do dong dien ( A ) . ,.
t:
Thoi gian dien phan (s).
F:
Hang so Faraday (F = 96500 C/ mol).
.
- Tinh s6' mol electron trao d 6 i : n . trao ddi = I t / F (mol)
r
1"
Phdn locii va pluMni^ phc'ip f-idi BT H6a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh Toan
HgS + O .
V . Sir A N M O N K I M L O A I
1 . S u an mon hoa hoc va su an mon dien hoa
-Giong
nhau:
-Khdc
nhau:
i
D^u c6 ban chat la phan ung oxi hoa - khir.
*
Trong an mon hoa hoc khdng hinh thanh dong dien.
*
Trong an mon dien hoa c6 hinh thanh dong electron (cac electron dirac di
chuyen thanh dong, tir cue am d6n cue duong => tao pin difin hoa).
2. C a c dieu kien xay ra an mon dien hoa hoc
- Cac difin cue phai khae nhau
ban chat.
- Cac didn cue phai tid'p xiic true tiep hoac gian tiS'p vdi nhau qua day dSn.
- Cac dien cue cung tiep xuc vdri dung dich chat dien l i .
Chu y;
Thie'u 1 trong 3 dieu kifen tren se khdng xay ra an mon dien hoa hoc, ma se
xay ra an mon hoa hoc.
> H g + SO,
Ag,S + O , — ^
2 A g + SO,
Fe^Oj + 3CO
*Thidu:
CrA
" " '
2Fe + 3CO,
+ 2A1
'"
ZnO + C
> 2Cr + A U O j
Z n + CO
Chu v; K h i CO nong chi khir duoc cac ion k i m loai trong cac oxit diing sau kem
trong day dien hoa, thi du FeO, PbO, C u O , . . .
3. Phuomg phap dien phan
* Casa: Dung dong didn m6t chieu de khir cac ion k i m loai.
r,
* Phqm vi dp dung: Co the diSu che duoc hdu het cac k i m loai.
- Dieu che' k i m loai c6 tinh khir manh nhu L i , Na, K , A l , . . . bang each dien phan
nhung hop chat (mud'i, baza, oxit) nong chay ciia chiing.
- Dieu che' k i m loai c6 tinh khir trung binh va k i m loai c6 tinh khir yeu nhu Z n ,
3. Chong an mon kim loai
- Bi6n phap bao \t be mat: scm, trang, ma, b6i diu m5, phii chat deo,... \tn hi
C u , . . . bang each dien phan dung djch mu6'i cua chiing.
> 2Na+
*r/(/c/M.-2NaCl
mat k i m loai.
- Bidn phap bao vt ditn hoa: Diing k i m loai c6 tfnh khir manh hom d^ bio vfi
^n"^.^""i" ) 4 A I
2AI3O3
(anot hi sinh).
Q,
2CUSO4 + 2 H , 0
+30,
2Cu + 2H,S04 + O^
^
VI. PHUONG PHAP D I E U C H E K I M L O A I
1 . Phuofng phap thuy luyen (phuong phap udt)
* Ca
Dung nhOng dung dich thich hop, nhu dung djch H 2 S O 4 , N a O H ,
sff:
NaCN,... de hoa tan k i m loai hoac hop chat ciia k i m loai va tach ra khoi phan khong
C-Ac
B . P H U C M ( 5 P H A P GJAO
'D:^Na BAO
T^P
Dang 1 : Bai tap k i m loai tac dung vol dung djch muo'i, axit va phi kim
tan CO trong quang.
Sau do cac ion k i m loai trong dung djch duoc khir bang k i m loai c6 tinh khir
1 . Kh6'i luong la kem giam khi ngam la kem vao dung dich (gia thie't khi k i m loai
manh hem.
thoat ra bam he't vao la kem, kem chi bi oxi hoa boi ion k i m loai)
* Phant vi dp dung: Duoc diing de' dieu che nhOng k i m loai c6 tinh khir yS'u nhu
Cu, H g , A u , . . . .
A. CdCl,.
Di6u che bac tir quang chira bac sunfua:
* Thi du:
Ag.S
+ 4NaCN
2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Zn
> 2Ag + Na.[Zn(CN)4]
x
nhiet do cao bang cac chat k h u manh nhu C, CO, H , hoac A l , k i m loai k i ^ m , k i m
loai kiem th6.
vi dp dung:
Uhg dung r6ng rai trong cong nghiep de di^u che' nhffng
kim loai c6 d6 hoat dong trung binh n h u Z n , Fe, Sn, Pb, Cr,...
V 6 i k i m loai kern hoat dong nhu A g , Hg thi chi cin dot chay quang cung da thu
duoc k i m loai ma khdng phai khiJr bang cac tac nhan khac.
D . CUSO4.
gidi
Cac PTPU" xay ra:
Zn
* Ca sa: Khir nhUng ion k i m loai trong cac hop chat thucmg la exit kim loai o
C. PbCNOj),.
Hu&ng ddn
> 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na,S
2. Phuong phap nhiet luyen
* Phqm
B. A g N O j .
Am
+CdCl,
= 112x
>
Cdi
+Zna,
^'f-
X (mol)
«>•:"'
- 65x > 0 => kh(5i luong la Z n tang.
Z n + PbCNO,),
X
A m = 207x - 65x > 0
Zn + 2AgN03
X
„ •,, i
> Pbl
X
--^
;
,
kh6'i luong la Z n tang.
2x
' ;;
+ ZnCNOj),
(mol)
> 2Agi
'
+ Zn(N03),
•
Am=:2.108x-65x>0=>kh6'iluonglaZntang.
'
"
,
^
,
:^ '
'
^ ,
.
Phan loai va phirati}> phi'ip i^iai BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
Z n + CUSO4
PTPlT:
> Cu 4^ + ZnS04
X
M + Cd(N03),
> Cdi
X
+M(N03)2
X
(ii2-M).x
x(mol)
0,47
'
A m = 64x - 65x < 0 => kh6'i lirong l a kem g i a m .
Dap an dung la D.
M + PbCNOj),
> P b i + M(N03)2
2. Cho a gam h6n hop bot cac kim loai N i va Cu vao dung djch A g N O , dir, khuS'y
k l m6t thofi gian cho den khi phan ling k^'t thiic, thu duoc 54 gam k i m loai.
Mat khac, cung cho a gam h6n hop bot cac k i m loai tren vao dung djch CUSO4
du, khua'y kT cho den khi phan ling ket thuc, thu duoc k i m loai c6 khoi luong
bang (a + 0,5) gam. Gia trj cua a la
A . 13,5 g.
B. 15,5 g.
C. 18,6 g.
D . 20,4 g.
Goi X, y \&n luot la s6' mol N i , Cu trong h6n hgfp. Ta c6: a = 59x + 64y
Cu + 2 A g N 0 ,
X
„:
"AgNO., = 0 , 1 .
X
(mol).
=> A g N O j phan iJng het, va mot phSn Cu(N03)2 da phan iJng:
Fe + Cu(N03)2
64x + 64y = a + 0,5 = 59x + 64y + 0,5
' =:>5x = 0,5 = > x = 0 , l
(2)
K h i 1 mol Fe
T i r ( l , 2 ) ^ x = 0 , l ; y = 0,15.
> Cu i + Fe(N03)2
> 1 mol Cu => kh6'i luong tang 8 gam
K h i khoi luong tang 1,72 - 1,6 = 0,12g => so mol Fe da phan ung la
Vay a = 59. 0,1 + 64.0,15 = 15,5
Dap an diing la B.
= 0 , 0 1 5 (mol) < 0,02.
3. Hai la k i m loai ciing chat, c6 khoi luong bang nhau: M o t duoc ngam vao dung
dich Cd(N0,)2; mot duoc ngam vao dung djch PbCNO,),. K h i phan ling, k i m loai
diu bj oxi hoa thanh ion k i m loai 2+. Sau mot thai gian, la'y cac la k i m loai ra
8
Vay tong khoi luong Fe da phan irng la
mp, = (0,01 + 0,015). 56 = 1,40 (gam)
khoi dung djch thi tha'y kh6'i luong la k i m loai duoc ngam trong mu6'i cadimi
tang them 0,47%; con khoi luong la kim loai kia tang them 1,42%. Gia thiet rang,
trong hai phan ung tren khoi luong kim loai tham gia phan ufng la nhu nhau.
C. Cu.
lirnmfr
M h;in
rtaH
5. De khir ion Cu"* trong dung djch CUSO4 c6 the diing k i m loai
B. K.
C. Fe.
D . Na.
Huong dan gidi
D. Mg.
De khCr ion Cu-* trong dung djch CUSO4 c6 the dung k i m loai Fe:
Hu&ng dan gidi
K l hifiu k i m loai do la M , s6' mol M phan ume la x: khA'i
Dap an diing la A .
A. Ba.
K i m loai da diing la
B.Fe.
0,2 = 0,02
0,02. 108 - 0,01. 56 = 1,6 (gam) < 1,72 (gam).
y
A.Zn.
D . 1,72 gam.
Truofctien: Fe + 2 A g N 0 3
> 2 A g i + Fe(N03)2
'
K h i 0,02 m o l A g N O j phan ling het thl khoi luong thanh k i m loai se tang: ' '
+ NiS04
Cu + C u S 0 4 - ^
Taco:
100 gam vao 100 m l dung djch h6n hop g6m
Theo bai ra: ncu(N03)2 = 0 , 1 . 0,2 = 0,02 (mol);
(1)
108
* PTPU" xay ra khi cho N i , Cu + CuS04(dd, dir):
> Cui
Dap an dung la A .
Hu&ng dan gidi
=>x + y = 0,25
N i + CUSO4
2
112-M
0,47
= 3 3 6 - 3 M = > 2 M = 129=^M«65(Zn)
2y
2x + 2y =
^
vao thanh sdt). K h o i luong sat da phan ung la
A . 1,40 gam.
B. 0,84 gam.
C. 2,16 gam.
54
Tac6:
1,42
sach lam kh6 can duoc 101,72 gam (gia thiet cac k i m loai tao thanh deu bam het
> 2 A g l +Cu(N03)2
y
=
[2)
Cu(N03)2 0,2M va A g N O j 0,2M. Sau mot thdi gian lay thanh k i m loai ra, rua
+Ni(N03).
2x
X
'y'^'
207-M
4. Nhiing mot thanh sdt nang
* PTPU" xay ra khi cho N i , Cu + AgNO^Cdd, du):
> 2Ag>l
(207-M).x^M2
Uy(2):(l)taduoc:
=>207-M
Hu&ng dan gidi
N i + 2AgNO.,
Taco:
la
m
tn\
Phdn loai va phuang phdp gidi BT Hoa hoc 12 - CM TIU.
Fe +
6.
! an
ncu(N03)2 = 0 , l m o l
> Cu + FeS04
CUSO4
Dap an dung la C .
khu ion Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe'* c6 ths' diing m6t lugng du
A. kim loai Cu.
B. kim loai Ba.
C. kim loai Ag.
D. kim loai Mg.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thii tu phan iJng:
Fe + 2AgN03 ^ Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag 40,01 ^ 0 , 0 2
Fe
D6' khii ion Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe"* c6 the dung m6t luong dir
kim loai Cu:
Cu + 2Fe'*
> Cu"* + 2Fe-*
7;;
0,02
,
+ Cu(N03)2 - > C u 4 + Fe(N03)2
,< •
; >I
(0,05-0,01)-^ 0,04 ^ 0 , 0 4
Vay m - m^g +
'
= 0,02.108 + 0,04.64 = 4,72 g
Dap an dung la D.
Dap an dung la A.
7. Cho day cac kim loai: Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S6' kim loai trong day phan ting
ducfc vdi dung djch FeCl, la
A. 5.
B.4.
C. 3.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
10. Cho m gam b6t sat vao dung dich h6n hcfp gom 0,15 mol CuS04va 0,2 mol
HCl. Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 0,725m gam h6n hop kim
loai. Gia tri cua m la
D.6.
A. 16,0.
B. 18,0.
PTHH:
=> Fe du => C U S O 4 va HCl
2) Ni + 2FeCl3 ^ NiCl2 + 2FeCl2
h6i.
Fe + CUSO4 - > F e S 0 4 + C u i
3 Z n C l 2 + 2Fe
4) 3 M g + 2FeCl3 ^ 3 M g C l 2 + 2Fe
5) 3Ba + 6 H 2 O + 2FeCl3 ^ 3BaCl2 + 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2
8. Cho h6n hop gom Fe va Mg vao dung dich AgN03, khi cac phan ling xay ra
hoan toan thu duoc dung dich X (g6m hai muoi) va chat rSn Y (gom hai kim
loai). Hai mu6'i trong X la
A. M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 v a Fe(N03)2.
B. Fe(N03)3va M g ( N 0 3 ) 2
C. Fe(N03)3 va AgNOj
D. AgN03 va M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 .
0,15 <-0,15
^
Fe
-> F e C l 2 + H 2 t
+
2HC1
0,1 <-
Dap an dung la A.
0,2
Theo bai ra: mp^ ,d^) + m^u = 0,725m
=> m - 56. (0,15 + 0,1) + 0,15.64 = 0,725m
=>0,275m =4,4 ^ m = 16,0
A. 10,95
B. 13,20
(Vi Fe con du nen AgNO, het, khong the sinh ra FeCNO,),)
AgNO3 0 , l M
va
C U ( N O 3 ) 2 0,5M; khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu duoc m gam cha't ran
X. Gia trj cua m la
C. 4,48.
Huong ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: np, =0,05mol; n^gNOj =0,02mol
D. 15,20
.
nFe(N03)3 -0,15.1 =0,15(mol);nc„(NO3)2 =0,15.1 =0,15(mol)
Dap an dung la A.
B.3,20.
C. 13,80
Huong ddn gidi
Theobaira: n^, = 5,4/27 = 0,2(mol)
- X gom hai mu6'i => Hai mu6'i la MgCNOj)! va FeCNOj),
A-4,08.
Dap an dung la A.
Cu(N03)2 I M . Ket thuc phan feg thu duoc m gam ran. Gia tri ciia m la
- Y gom hai kim loai => Hai kim loai la Ag, Fe du
b6t sat vao 200 ml dung dich gdm
0,15
11. Hoa tan 5,4 gam bot A l vao 150 ml dung djch A chiia Fe(N03)3 I M va
Huong ddn gidi
9. Cho 2,8 gam
D. 11,2.
VI sau phan ling thu duoc h6n hop kim loai (Cu, Fe du)
1) Cu + 2FeCl3 ^ C U C I 2 + 2 F e C l 2
3) 3 Z n + 2FeCl3
C. 16,8.
Huong ddn gidi
D. 4,72.
V
Thirtutrong day dian hoa: Al^+ /A^Fe^* /Fe;Cu^^ /Cu;Fe^^ /Fe^^
Dovay,thiirtircacPTHH:
Al
+
3Fe^^^Al^^+3Fe2+
0,05 -> 0,15-^
2A1
"
+ 3Cu2+
0,1 <-0,15
0,15(mol)
3Cui+2Al^+
0,15(mol)
11
Phan loai vaphifcfn^phiip fiidi />/ //oti hoc 12 -Cii ' h.i
/
)/;
2A1 + SFe^"" ^ 3Fe i +2A\^^
0,05
0,075 ^ 0,075(mol)
Vay m = mcu+ mp, =0,15.64+ 0,075.56 = 13,80(g)
» a p an dung la C.
12. Cho a mol bot kem vao dung djch c6 hoa tan b mol Fe(NO,),. Tim dieu kien
lien he giOa a va b de sau khi ket thiic phan ung khong c6 kim loai.
A. a > 2b
B. b > 3a
C. b > 2a
D. b = 2a/3
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
14. Cho 29,8 gam h6n hcrp bot gom Zn va Fe vao 600ml dung djch CUSO4 0,5M.
Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc dung dich X va 30,4 gam h6n
hop kim loai. Ph^n tram vd khdi lucmg ciia Fe trong h6n hop ban ddu la
A. 43,63%'
B. 56,37%
C. 64,42%
D. 37,58%
Huong ddn gidi
,.
Theobaira: ncu,so4 =0'60,5 = 0,3(mol)
Vi khdi luong hdn hop kim loai sau phan ling lodi hon khdi luong hdn hop tru6c
phan ling (30,4g > 29,8g) => Fe da phan ling mot phdn. Do do, CUSO4 da phan
Huong ddn gidi
Di sau phan ung khong c6 kim loai thi luomg Zn (phan ung het) chi khu
ling het, hdn hop kim loai sau phan ling gdm Cu va Fe dir.
Fe-^^-^Fe^^
Goi X , y, z Idn lirot la sd mol Zn, Fe phan ling, Fe con du.
Zn + CUSO4 -> ZnS04 + Cu i
PTHH:
Zn + 2 F e ( N 0 , ) , -> Z n ( N 0 , ) 2 + 2Fe(N03)2
Ban ddu:
a
b (mol)
X
Phan ung:
a
2a (mol)
Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + Cu i
Do do b > 2a thi Zn phan ling het (bj tan het) va Fe'^^
13. Cho h6n hop kim loiii Mg, Zn, Fe vao dung dich chiia AgNO, va CuCNO,),. Sau khi
phan ling xay ra hoiin toan thu duoc dung dich X g6m 3 muoi va chat rSn Y gom ba kim
loai. Ba mudi trong X la
A. Mg(N03)3, Fe(N03),, AgNO.,
B. Mg(N03)„ Zn(NO.,)„ Cu(N03),
C. Mg(N03),, Zn(N03),, Fe(NO,,),
D. Mg(NO.,):, Zn(NO,,)., Fe(NO,).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thu" tir cac kim loai nay trong day dien hoa:
Mg2+ /Mg;Zn2^ / Z n ; Fe^^ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;(Fe-'^ /Fe2+);Ag^ / A g
=> Kha nang phan ling ciia cac kim loai: Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag
Do do 3 kim loai sau phan ling la: Ag;Cu;Fe .
Vi Fe con du nen:
+ Mg, Zn phan ling het => c6 mu6'i Mg(N03)2
'^"(^^^.Oi
+ Mu6'i Cu(N03)2;AgNO, het => khong c6 cac mu6'iCu(N03)2 ,AgN03
- >
X
- >
y ^ y
x + y=0,3
Fe^^ (dd)
Dap an diing la C.
,. ^
Taco:
X
->
y
65x + 56.(y + z) = 29,8
56z + 64.(x + y) = 30,4
Giai ra ta dugc:
x =0,2;y = 0,l;z = 0,2
56.(y + z).100% 56.(0,1 + 0,2). 100%
vay: %mp, = — ^ '=—
—
= 56,37%
29,8
29,8
Dap an dung la B.
15. Cho a mol A l vao dung dich chiia b mol Fe"* va c mol Cvr*. Ket thiic phan ling
thu duoc dung djch chiia 2 loai ion kim loai. Ket lufln nao sau day la diing?
, 2b
2(b + c)
A. — < a < — ^
3
3
3
3
2(b + c)
2(b + c)
C.^
3
3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vi dung dich thu dugc chiia 2 ion kim loai (Al'* sinh ra va Fe""^ con du)
=> Cu-' het (Cu-* phan ling trudc Fe*); A l het (vi Fe"* con du).
trong dung dich sau phan umg.
+ Kh6ng tao ra muoi Fe(N03)^ ma tao ra mu6'i Fe(NO,)2 '
2A1 + 3Cu2^
PTPlT:
j,.,,.
, (D ,
— <— c(mol)
vay 3 mu6'i trong X la Mg(N03)2 ;Zn(N03)2 ;Fe(N03)2 •
'' ' '
> 3Cu I +2A1^+
Dap an dung la D.
> 3Fe i + 2A13+
2A1 + 3Fe^^
(
a
2c 1
3
3
2
a
20
3
(2)
hu>'A
Cty TNHH
Phdii locii vu pliif<yiii> plu'ip i^idi BT Hoa hoc 12 — Cu Thanh Toan
(I)
- V i Fe-* con dir (phan irng 2) nfen:
3a
=>
2
- . a--
2c ^
3
18. Cho m gam bot sat tac dung vdi 175 gam dung djch AgN03 34%, sau phan ling
Fe(N03)3 trong dung dich X la
A . 7,60%
Theo bai ra:
Dap an dung la C .
khi ket thiic phan iJng thu duoc dung djch Y g6m 3 muoi (kh6ng chiia A g N O j )
CO khdi luong giam 50 gam so v6i ban dSu. Gia tri ciJa m la
>;
C. 17,6
D.
114,8
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theobaira:
D.9,81%
.
- Trong dung djch sau phan irng khdng c6 A g N O j => A g N O j da phan ting het.
So 66 phan ling:
= 0,35(mol)
V i dung djch X khdng con A g N O j => A g N O , het
=> n^g - nAgN03 = 0,35(mol)=>mAg = 0,35.108 = 37,8
(gam)
=> 37,8 = 4,5m =:>m = 8,4(gam)=>np^ = 8 , 4 / 5 6 = 0,15(mol)
Goi X, y \k\t la sd mol Fe(N03)2 va Fe(N03)3
Ta c6:
2x + 3y = 0,35 (bao toan electron)
y = 0,15 (bao toan nguyen t d sat)
Giai ra ta duoc:
- V i dung djch sau phan ling thu duoc 3 muoi => Fe, Cu phan ung het
Ta c6:
n AgN03 = " J ^ ^
X +
nAgN03 =0>6(mol)
Fe,Cu + A g N O j ^
C. 8,31%
(11)
16. Cho m gam h6n hop bot X gom Fe, Cu vao 600ml dung djch A g N O , I M . Sau
B. 14,8
B. 12,36%
Hu&ng ddn gidi
3
A . 64,8
^'4*
thu duoc dung djch X chi chiia 2 mudi sat va 4,5m gam cha't ran. Ndng d6 ciJa
^
3a \b + c)
c < b = > — < b + c =J'a<-—
2
3
2c
2 ( b + c)
Tir(I),(II)
Khans
Con lai Ag khdng phan ung, luong con lai dung bang luong ban ddu.
Dap an dung la B.
- V i A l phan utig vijfa du hoac con dir b phan utig (1) n6n:
^2c
a > —
3
MTV DVVH
vay
C,,,o
•^
x = 0,1; y = 0,05
) ="'"^•^^^•'"'^^-8,31%
Fe(N03)3
DapandanglaC.
175 + 8 , 4 - 3 7 , 8
Chu V. K h d i luong phdn dung dicll sau phan ling:
Fe (NO3 \u (NO3 \(NO3 )3 + A g i
•"dd = ""ddAgNOj + "Ipe - "lAg4.
m + m ddAgN03 ""^Ag"^ """"^ddsau
19. Cho m , gam A l vao 100ml dung dich gdm Cu(N03)2 0,3M va A g N O , 0,3M.
Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan thi thu duoc m j gam chat ran X. Neu cho
^
m + mddAgN03 =0,6.108 + (m,dAgNO3 " ^ ^ j
m j gam X tac dung vdi luong du dung djch HCl thi thu duoc 0,336 lit khi (o
= > m = 0 , 6 . 1 0 8 - 5 0 = 14,8(gam)
CM
Dap an diing la B .
v: Cac PTPLT xay ra:
Fe + 2 A g N 0 3 -> F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 +
dktc). Gia trj ciJa m , va m^ Mn luot la
A.0,54va5,16
B. I , 0 8 v a 5 , 4 3
Theo bai ra: ncu(N03)2 " ^ ' ' -^'^ " 0 , 0 3 m o l ;
"AgNOj = 0,1.0,3 = 0,03mol;nH2 = 0 , 3 3 6 / 2 2 , 4 = 0,015mol
Ag
F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + A g N 0 3 -> F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 + ^ 8 ^
17. Ngam h6n hop 3 kirn loai Fe, Cu, A g trong luong d u dung djch cha't X , khua'y
So dd phan ung xay ra: A l
^l^ff^
ky cho den khi phan iJng ket thiic thi cha't rSn thu duoc chi c6 A g va c6 khdi
lugng bang khdi luong ciJa no trong hdn hop dSu. Vay X la
B.Fe(N03)3
C.HC1
D. I,08va5,16
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^
Cu + 2 A g N 0 3 ^ C u ( N 0 3 \ 2 A g I
A.CUSO4
C.8,10va5,43
D. AgNOj
Huong ddn gidi
X phai la Fe(N03)3, that vay:
> \u
•iiMi'rtu
> H2 t
Al
PTHH:
Al
+
3AgN03
0,01 < - 0,03
->
->
3Agi
+A1(N03)3
0,03
Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 ^
3Fe(N03)2
2A1 + 3 C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 - ^ 3 C u i + 2 A l ( N 0 3 ) 3
Cu + 2Fe(N03)3 ^
2Fe(N03), + CuCNOj),
0,02 <- 0,03
0,03
Cty TNHH MTV~DWH
2A1 + 6HCI -> 2 A I C I 3 + 3H2 t
0,01
<-
0,015
Vay:m, =(0,01 + 0,02 + 0,0l).27 = l,08(g)
„
^,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trat tir day didn hoa: Fe'V Fe; Cu'V Cu ; Fe'7 Fe'^; AgV Ag
nen trinh tir cac phan ling xay ra nhu sau:
Fe + 2AgNO, -> Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g i
m2 = m c u + m A j , =0,03.64+0,03.108=5,16(g)
Dap an diing la D.
0,02
20. Day nao sau day chi gom cac chat vira tac dung duoc vdi dung djch HCl, vira
tac dung duofc vorj dung djch AgNO,?
A. Hg,Na,Ca
B. A l , Fe, CuO
C. Fe, Ni, Sn
D. Zn, Cu, Mg.
Huong ddn gidi
Day gom cac chat vira tac dung v6i dung djch HCl, vira tac dung v6i dung dich
AgNO, la Fe, Ni, Sn.
Fe + 2HC1
FeCl2+H2
Fe + 2AgN03
Fe(N03)2+2Ag
Ni
+ 2HC1
Ni + 2AgN03 ->
Sn + 2HC1
Sn + 2AgN03 ^
S6' mol AgNO., con lai 0,065 - (0,04 + 0,02) = 0,005 (mol)
Fe(N03), + AgNO, -> Fe(N03)3 + A g i
0,02
0,005 (banddu)
<-
=
^
= 0'025 (M)
23. Hoa tan h6n hop chiJa dong thai 0,15 mol m6i kim loai Fe va Cu trong 675ml
dung djch A g N O j l M , khoi luong chat rSn thu duoc khi ke't thiic phan dng la
Sn(N03)2 + 2Ag
A. 75,3
C. Fe
D. Zn
B.64,8
Theo bai ra:
nAgN03
=0,675(mol)
Thiitutrong day dien hoa: Fe^+/Fe; Cu^^/Cu; Fe^+/Fe^+; A g + / A g
Fe
+ 2AgN03 -> Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g ^
0,15^0,3
Gia sir M la kim loai Zn (kim loai c6 phan tiJr khoi Idn nha't => c6 s6' mol nho
nhat) thi n^, = 50/65 = 0,77mol >0,1 => Kim loai M con du, AgNOj phan linghet.
-)• 0,15
^
0,3
/
-> 0,3
Fe(N03)2 +AgN03 -->• A g i + Fe(N03)3
0,075
< - 0,075 -> 0,075
vay m,i„ = m^gi = 0,675. 108 = 72,9 (gam)
TheoPTHH=>n^NO^)^=0,l(mol)
M M = 188 - 62.2 = 64(Cu)
Vay M la kim loai Cu.
Dap an diing la B.
22. Cho h6n hop gom 0,02 mol Fe vii 0,01 mol Cu vao dung djch chiia 0,065 mol
AgNO,, sau cac phan ung hoan toan thu duoc 200 ml dung djch X. N6ng do cua
Fe(N03), trong dung djch.X la
C. 0,025M
D. 72,9
Cu + 2AgN03 ^ C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 A g i
0,1
'£pa;075r^»,
C. 70,2
Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,15^0,075
M + 2AgN03 ^ M ( N 0 3 ) 2 + ^Ag 4-
=>MM(NO3)2 = ' 8,8/0,1 = 188
0,005 ^ 0,005 (mol)
Dap an dung la C.
Theobai ra: n^^j^^^ =0,2.1 =0,2 (mol)
A.0,05M..
0,01 -> 0,02
CFe(N03),
Huong ddn gidi
^
'
Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
Ni(N03)2+2Ag
B. Cu
0,1 <-0,2
'
vay nong do Fe(N03)3 trong dung djch X:
Dap an diing la C.
21. Nhung mot la kim loai M (chi c6 hoa trj hai trong hop chat) c6 khoi lirong 50
gam vao 200ml dung dich AgNO, I M cho den khi phan iJng xay ra hoan toan.
Loc dung djch, dem c6 can thu duoc 18,8 gam muoi khan. Kim loai M la
A. Mg
Cu + 2AgN03
0,005
SnCl2+H2
->
'
0,04 -> 0,02 (mol)
NiCl2+H2
^
Khang Viet
D.O.IOM
Dap an dung la D.
24. Cho 1,76 gam h6n hop bot X gom Cu, Fe c6 ti 16 mol tuong ling la 1: 2 vao
100ml dung djch AgNO, I M , khua'y k l d^ cac phan urng xay ra hoan toan. Khd'i
luong Ag thu duoc la
A. 6,48 gam
B. 8,56 gam
C. 10,8 gam
D. 8,64 gam.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo bai ra:
nAgN03
=^'1 ('"°')
Goi X la s6' mol Cu => s6' mol Fe 1^ 2x.
fH'J VI^N Tl'.MH «iNH THl.'ANJ
———
^——
:L
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Via
Ta c6:
64x + 56. 2x = 1,76 => x = 0,01 (mol)
n c u ( N O 3 ) 2 - 0 ' 1 0 ' 3 = 0,03mol
Vi thiJ t u trong day di6n hoa: Fe-'/Fe; Cu'VCu; Fe-*/Fe'"; A g V A g
So d6 phan ling:
Nen thii tix phan ung xay ra:
Fe + 2 A g "
Fe-" + 2 A g > l
0,02^0,04-^0,02^0,04
'
Cu + 2 A g " C u - " + 2 A g i
0,01 ->0,02
Fe-" +
+
,
Suy ra:
Al
X
Dap an dung la D .
25. Hoa tan 5,4 gam b6t A l vao 150 m l dung dich h6n hop Fe(N03)3 I M va
A . 13,80.
B. 10,95.
C. 15,20.
y
Hu&ng dan gidi
Al-''+ + 3e
-> X
->
3x(mol)
->
y
^
2y ( m o l )
0,01 - > 0 , 0 1
Cu^+
"Cu(N03)2
+ 2e ^
Cu i
0,03 - > 0,06
Thu- t u cac P T H H xay ra:
=^3x + 3y = 0,01+0,06 = 0 , 0 7
A l + 3Fe ( N O , \ A l ( N O , \ 3Fe ( N O , \
0,05<-0,15
^
0,1 < - 0 , 1 5
Z n ^ ^ + 6NH3 + 3 H 2 0 - > [ Z n ( N H 3 ) ^ ] ( O H ) 2 + 2 N H ;
- > 0,075
Dap an dung la A .
26. Hoa tan 1,57 gam h6n hop b6t k i m loai gom A l , Z n vao 100 m l dung djch h6n
hop A g N O , 0 , 1 M va Cu(N03)2 0 , 3 M . Sau k h i phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu
diroc chat ran X va dung dich Y chi chiJa hai mudi. Ngam X trong dung djch
H2SO4 loang kh6ng tha'y c6 k h i thoat ra. Cho dung dich NH3 dir vao Y thi thu
dugc bao nhieu gam ket tua?
B. 2,74 gam
C. 1,56 gam
Hu&ng dan gidi
T h e o b a i r a : n ^ g N O j =0,1.0,1 = 0 , 0 1 mol
(2)
Al-^^+3NH3+3H20->Al(OH)3 i + 3 N H ;
2A1 + 3 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 ^ 3Fe i + 2 A 1 ( N 0 3 ) 3
Vay m = 0,15.64+ 0,075.56 = 13,80(g)
>
T i r ( l , 2 ) ^ x = 0 , 0 1 ; y = 0,02
-^0,15
0,05-> 0,075
(l)
Mat khac: 27x + 65y = 1,57
0,15
2Al+3Cu(N03)2->3Cui+2Al(N03)3
[
.
Ag"^ + le - > A g i
D . 13,20.
T h e o b a i r a : n ^ , = 0 , 2 m o l ; np^ =0,15mol
A . 1,96 gam
, ;j
Z n - > Z n ^ ^ + 2e
Cu(N03)2 JM- Sau k h i phan ihig xay ra hoan loan thu duoc m (gam) chat ran.
*
, • •
Qua trinh cho - nhan electron:
= n ^ + (Pu) = 0,08 (mol)
Gia tri cua m la
^
Do do, A l va Z n phan ung vijfa dii vori A g N O , va Cu(N03)2
= 0,04 + 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,08 < 0,1 => A g " con d u
"
" ' '^^
=> X chura A g va Cu ( A l , Zn deu het)
0,02
=> m^g = 0,08. 108 = 8,64 (gam)
' '
+ Hai mudi la A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 , Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 => A g N 0 3 , C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 he't
+ Chat ran X khdng tac dung vdi H2SO4 loang
Fe'* + A g i
0,02 - > 0,02 ^
=> n
'\h
0,02
Ag" ^
'
A l , Z n + AgN03,Cu(N03)2 ^ X^^^ + 2 mudi (dd)
D . 0,78 gam
K h d i luong ket tiia thu dirge:
m i= 78x = 78.0,01 = 0,78(g)
D a p an dung la D .
27. Cho m gam bdt sat vao dung dich chiia 0,2 m o l A g N O j va 0,1 m o l Cu(N03)2,
khua'y deu den khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu dugc 19,44 gam chat ran.
Gia tri ciia m la
A . 5,6
^^
B.5,04
C.3,36
Hu&ngddngidi
Gia siJr A g N 0 3 phan lifng het thi tao ra 0,2 mol A g
m^g = 0,2.108 = 21,6(g) > 19,44(g)
D . 8,4
^
,1
i
Plum loai vci phifcmij phop i^icii BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
=> AgNOj con du, Cu(N03)2 chua phan irng, Fe phan iJng het:
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
M
Fe + 3AgNOj (dif) ^ Fe (NO3 )^ + 3Ag i
m/56
3m/56(mol)
Taco:
—.108 = 19,44 =:>m=3,36(g)
56
Dap an diing la C.
Chu y:
Fe + 2AgNO, -> Fe(NO3 )^ + 2Ag i
^
> M"* + ne
16,2.n
16,2
(mol)
(mol)
M
M
16,2.n^
e (cho) =
. . (mol)
.
.
m
O,
+
4e
0,15
Fe(NO,)2 + AgNO, ->• Fe(NO,), + Ag i
=>
Fe + 3AgNO, (du)
->
Fe + 2AgNO,
0,1-> 0,2
i
0,2 (mol)
+ AgNO,
^
0,05
(0,75-0,7)->•
= 1,8 =^ 16,2n = 1,8M ^ 9n = M
Fe(NO,)^ + A g i
0,05 (mol)
m ^ g ^ (0,2+ 0,3+ 0,2+ 0,05). 108 = 81(g)
Dap an dung la C.
29. Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M c6 hoa tri n tac dung vdi 0,15 mol O,. Chat ran thu
duorc sau phan urng dem hoa tan vao dung djch HCl du tha'y thoat ra 13,44 lit H ,
Of dktc. Kim loai M la
B. A l .
'
Sad6phaniJng: M
27 (Al)
Thoa man
kh6ng c6 kim loai nao thoa man).
Mg2VMg;Ar^VAI;Cu2VCu;AgVAg
Chat ran thu duoc chi c6 Ag
A. Be.
= l,8(mol)
22,4
Dap an dung la B.
Vay M la A l .
30. Cho hiin hop gom 0,15 mol Mg va 0,1 mol A l vao dung djch chira dong thdi 0,2
mol A^ NO, va 0,25 mol Cu(N03)2, sau phan ihig hoan toan thu duoc dung dich
X. Cho NaOH du vao dung djch X thi khoi lirong ket tiia tao ra la
A. 21,4 gam
B. 18,4 gam
C. 8,4 gam
D. 13,6 gam
Huong ddn gidi
Thu' tuirong day dien hoa:
Fe(N0,)2 + 2Ag i
Fe(NO,)3
2.13,44
>Ie(nhan) =0,15.4 +
(n =2, M = 18
0,3(mol)
->
22,4
18
9(Be)
M
Loai
Loai
Kl
(n = 1, M = 9 (Be)=> loai vi Be hoa tn n = 2).
0,2 (mol)
^
13,44
22,4
Ta CO bang:
Al + 3AgNO, ^ A l ( N O , ) 3 + 3Ag i
0,l-).0,3
>
M
Mg + 2AgNO, ^ M g ( N 0 , ) 2 + 2Ag i
0,2
2e
2.13,44
Do do, ta c6:
^ 24x + 27x + 56x = 10,7 => X = 0,1 (mol)
0,1 ^
+
Fe (NO, )^ + 3Ag i
Huong dan gidi
So mol moi kim loai Mg, Al, Fe la x
20"-
0,15. 4 (mol)
2H"
28. Cho 10,7 gam h6n hcrp kim loai g6m Mg, A l , Fe (c6 d 16 mol 1: 1: 1) vao dung
djch chiia 0,75 mol AgNO, den khi cac phan li-ng xay ra hoan toan thu duoc bao
nhieu gam chat rSn?
A. 59,6
B. 32,6
C. 81
D. 75,6
>
C. Ca.
Huong dan gidi
) M,0,,; M —tS^iiiHL^ MCL
D. Mg.
'
,, , .
=> Thu" ir phan ling hoa hoc xay ra:
Mg + 2 A g N 0 ,
0,1<- 0,2
Mg
+
(0,,5-0,1)
2A1
+
->
M g ( N O , ) ^ + 2Ag I
0,1
Cu(NO,)2
0,05
Mg(NO,)2 + C u i
0,05
3Cu(N03)2 -> 2 A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 + 3 C u i
" "2
0,1
^
0,15
' ' ' ''
->
0,1
'•
' . ,.
_
=> Dungdjch X c o : 0,15 mol MgCNO,),; O.lmolAl(N03)3 ;
Dung djch thu duoc chura 3 ion kim loai
'
i=> 3 ion do phai la Mg"* , Zn"* va Cu"* (du).
Vi Cu"* con du => Mg va Zn phan xing het.
Cac qua trinh phan ling xay ra:
0,25-0,05-0,15 = 0,05mol Cu(N03)2 (du)
X + dd NaOH (du):
Mg(N03)2 + 2NaOH-^Mg(OH)2 4+2NaN03
0,15
^0,15
.
• i7
Cu(N03)2+2NaOH^Cu(OH)2i+2NaN03
0,05
->
,
Mg
,
1,2
(.
Zn
0,05
Al(N03),+4NaOH->NaAl(OH)^+3NaN03
Huong ddn gidi
a) PTHH:
Cu
+
Chat khu
2AgN03
Mg
22
Zn
C. 2,0.
Huong ddn gidi
Cu
+
1
le
>
Cu-*
2
Zn
2+
+
>
Agi
>
Cui
1 (mol)
2e
> 4 (mol)
Vi Cu-*c6ndunen: 2,4 + 2x < 1 + 4 => x < 1,3.
Trong cac gia tn da cho thi x = 1,2 < 1,3 thoa man y6u ciu bai toan.
Dap an dung la D .
gam chat ran Z. Gia trj ciia m la
A. 6,40.
B. 5,76.
Theo bai ra:
0,017mol
Thuf tir trong cac day dien hoa:
Mg-^
Zn''
Cu-*
2e
Ag*
Ag
C. 3,84.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
D. 5,12.
Cdch 1:
Kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan img (gia thid't Ag sinh ra bam h6't trdn vat):
m,i, = 10 + (108 . 0,017) - (64 . 0,0085) = 10,536 g
32. Cho h6n horp gdm 1,2 mol Mg va x mol Zn vao dung djch chiia 2 mol Cu""^ va
10.536 mol Ag"^ den khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc m6t dung dich
chua ba ion kim loai. Trong cac gia trj sau day, gia tri nao ciia x thoa man trucmg
hoj. tren?
B. 1,8.
-
thdm 5,85 gam bot Zn vao Y , sau khi phan umg xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 10,53
S6'mol AgNO, tham gia phan ling =
= 0,01mol
^
100.100
Cu + 2AgN03
> Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
A. 1,5.
>
> 2,4 (mol)
ling thu duoc 7,76 gam h6n hop chat rdn X va dung dich Y . Loc tach X, roi
b) Kh6'i luong AgNOj c6 trong dung dich ban ddu: m^gN03 - ^^^'^ = 10(g)
100
>
Mg'
33. Cho m gam bot Cu vao 400 ml dung djch AgNO, 0,2M, sau m6t thcri gian phan
> CU(N03)2 + 2Ag i
chat oxi hoa
0,0085 <- 0,017
>
2x (mol)
Ag*
Khoi luomg ket tua thu duoc: m 1=0,15.58 + 0,05.98 = 13,6(g)
b) Xac dinh kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan ung.
2e
x
' 'H:.
Dap an dung la D.
31. Ngam m6t vSt bang dong c6 kh6'i luong 10 gam trong 250 gam dung dich
AgNOj 4%. Khi la'y vat ra thi khoi lirgng AgNO, trong dung djch giam 17%.
a) Viet phiromg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling va cho biet vai tro cac chat tham gia
phan urng.
-
D. 1,2.
"AgNOj
= 0,4.0,2 = 0,08(mol)
= 5,85/65 = 0,09(mol)
V I 2nz„ >nAgN03 (20,09>0,08) =>Zn con du sau khi cac phan ling xay ra
hoan toan.
Cu + 2AgN03 ^ Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
=> X (ran): Ag, Cu (chua phan ting)
, ,;
Y (dung djch): AgNOj (chua phan ling), CU(N03)2
Zn + 2AgN03 -> Zn (NO3)^ + 2Ag i
,
:. :
Zn + Cu(N03)2-> Cu >l+Zn(N03)2
=> Z (ran): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thuc chat ciia thi nghiem tran la:
;
-
i
.JiJ
23
Zn + 2AgNOj ^ Zn (NO, \ 2Ag i
0,04«-0,08^
Dodo:
mx +
0,08(mol)
(• , .
= m + m^g + m^n (dir)
'
=> 7,76 + 10,53 = m + 0,08.108 + (0,09-0,04).65 => m = 6,40
Dap an dung la A.
Cdch 2:
r i A g N o , =0.08mol;n5,„
2. Tinh dSn dien ctia kim loai phu thu6c vao
A. do dac kbit cua kim loai.
B. mat d6 electron tu do.
C. kieu mang tinh the kim loai.
D. mat do ion kim loai.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
, \
Tinh dSn dien ciia kim loai phu thuoc vao mat do electron tir do.
Dap an dung la B.
3. Cho cac kim loai: Cr, W, Fe, Cu, Cs. Sap xep theo chieu tang ddn do cung tir trai
=0,09(mol)
sang phai la
Vi 2nz„ =0,18>nAgNO3 =0,08=>Zn (du)
A. Cu < Cs < Fe < W < Cr
C. Cu < Cs < Fe < Cr < W
So d6 torn tat:
AgNO,
) AgN03,Cu(N03)2 - i | j ^ Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2
D6 ciJng: Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
+ Zn
Chu y;
2AgN03 + Zn -> Zn(N03)2 +
0,08
B. Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
D. Cs < Cu < Fe < Cr < W
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^
Dap an dung la B.
Kim loai cumg nha't la crom (Cr);
Kim loai mem nha't la cac kim loai kiem.
->. 0,04(mol)
Dang 3: Bai tap ve pin dien hoa
Theo djnh luat bao loan khdi lirong, ta c6:
'nAgN03 + "^Zn + "^Cu =
+
+ mzn(N03)2
L Trong pin difen hoa Zn - Cu, qua trinh khir trong pin la
mcu = m = m x + m z + m^^^f^Q^)^ - mAgN03 -
m = 7,76 + 10,53 + 0,04.189 - 0,08.170 - 5,85
=>m = 6,4(gam)
Dap an diing la A.
A. Zn — ^ Zn-" + 2e.
B. Cu
C. Zn-" + 2e
D. Cu"" + 2e
> Zn.
> Cvr* + 2e.
> Cu.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
34. Cho 6,4 gam bot Cu vao V ml dung dich AgNOa 0,2M, sau m6t then gian phan
Trong pin Zn - Cu, phan urng xay ra khi pin boat d6ng la:
ling thu duoc 7,92 gam h6n hop r i n X va dung dich Y. Loc tach X, r6i them
10,35 gam bot Pb vao Y, sau mot thori gian phan ling thu duoc 10,44 gam h6n
Zn + Cu-"
> Cu + Zn-"
Cu"" + 2e
> Cu.
hop rdn Z va dung dich A. Loc tach Z, r6i them 5,85 gam b6t iZn vao A, sau khi
Phan ii-ng khiJr Cu"":
phanchat
ling tan.
xay Gia
ra hoan
toan
thu duoc 10,28 gam chat xkn B va dung dich chi chiJa
mot
tri ciia
V la
A. 200.
B. 400.
C. 600.
D. 150.
Phan ling oxi hoa Zn: Zn
Dap an dung la B.
> Zn"" + 2e.
r
Dap an dung la D.
2. Cho m6t pin difn hoa duoc tao boi cac cap oxi hoa - khir Fe""/ Fe va Ag"/ Ag.
Phan ling xay ra d cue am ciia pin dien hoa (o didu kien chudn) la
Dang 2: Bal tap tinh chat vat If cua kim loai
A. Fe
L Cho cac kim loai: Cu, Ag, Fe, A l , Au. Day cdc kim loai duoc xd'p theo chieu
giam ddn do dSn dien la
A. A l , Fe, Cu, Ag, Au.
C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, A l .
B. Ag, Cu, Au, A l , Fe.
D. Ag, Cu, Fe, A l , Au.
Hu&ng dan gidi
D6 dSn dien giam dan theo Ag > Cu > Au > A l > Fe.
Dap an dung la B.
Chu V. Ag dSn difin t6't nha't, r6i d^'n Cu.
B. Ag" + le
>Fe-"+2e.
>
Ag.
B. Fe"" + 2e
D. Ag
> Fe.
> Ag" + le.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Pin Fe - Ag: Cue am la Fe, cue duong la Ag.
Cue am xay ra qua trinh: Fe
^ . ,
,
> Fe"" + 2e
Dap an diing la A.
3. Mot pin didn hoa c6 didn cue Zn nhung trong dung djch ZnS04 va dien cue Cu
nhung trong dung dich CuSO^. Sau m6t thori gian pin do phong didn thi khoi luong
Phdn loai ra pliironi; jilu'ip t^liii /IT 116a hoc 12 -Cu
Thanh Toan
Huong ddn
A . ca hai dien circ Zn va Cu dfiu giam.
gidi
Sua't dien d6ng E^,,, phu thuoc vao:
B. dien cue Zn tang con khd'i luomg dien eirc Cu giam.
C. dien circ Z n giam con khoi lucmg dien cue Cu tang.
-Ban
D . ca hai didn cue Zn va Cu d^u tang.
- Ndng d6 cua cac ion k i m loai (dung djch mudi).
Huong dan
Sod6ciiapin:
0
Zn / ZnS04
//
gidi
CUSO4/ Cu
Khong phu thu6c vao khoi lugfng cae dien cue.
Suy ra, khd'i luong la Zn ngay cang giam (Zn
la Cu cang tang (Cu'^dd) + 2e
> Cu
-
,•
Dap an diing la D.
7. Cho E°z„ 2* /7.„ = - 0,76V; E\+ /p, = - 0,13V.
+ Zn-' (dd)
> Cui
. ! , ' > ,
-Nhietdd.
@
Phan ling xay ra khi pin phong dien:
Z n + Cu-* (dd)
chat cae k i m loai lam dien cue.
, /
Phat bieu diing la:
> Z n ' * (dd) + 2e), kh6'i lucmg
•
A. K h i hinh thanh pin dien hoa, anot la cue Z n .
B. Sua't dien d6ng chuc4n ciia pin dien hoa Zn - Pb bang 0,89V.
i).
Dap an dung la C.
C. Phan ling xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Pb phong dien ( d dieu kien chuan):
Pb + Zn-*
4. K h i pin didn hoa Zn - Cu phong di6n thi ndng do
> Zn + Pb'*
A . cua Cu"* giam, ciia Zn"* tang.
B. ciia Cu'"^ giam, ciia Z n ' * giam.
D. Trong pin dien hoa Zn - Pb, nd'u sii dung cdu mudi la dung dich NH4NO3.
C. ciia Cu-* tang, ciia Zn"* tang.
D. ciia Cu"* tang, ciia Zn"* giam.
K h i pin hoat d6ng thi ion N O 3 di ehuye'n ve phia cue Pb.
Huong ddn
gidi
Huong ddn
Phan ling xay ra khi pin Z n - Cu phong dien:
Zn + Cu-*
Pin dien hoa Z n - Pb.
> Cu + Zn-*
- Phan umg xay ra trong pin:
=> n6ng d6 Cu"* giam, n6ng d6 ciia Zn"* tang.
Dap an diing la A .
5. Trong qua trinh hoat dong ciia pin didn hoa Zn - Cu thi
> Pb + Zn-*.
=> Zn CO tinh khii manh hon Pb => Z n la cue am
(anot), Pb la cue duong (catot).
B. kh6'i luong ciia didn cue Zn tang.
^ pin(Zn-Pb)
C. ndng do ciia ion Cu'* trong dung djch tang.
—
Pb-* /Pb
= -0,13
D. ndng d6 ciia ion Zn"* trong dung dich tang.
gidi
^ Zn
Do dd, ion NH4
/Zn
- ( - 0 , 7 6 ) = 0,63V.
- d cue Pb (cue duong, catot):
Phan ling hoa hoc xay ra: Z n + Cu^"^ ^ Cu i + Zn^"^
Suy ra:
-
Z n + Pb-*
- V i E°z„ 2+ ^„ < E°pb 2+
A . kh6'i luong ciia dien cue Cu giam.
Huong ddn
gidi
Pb"* + 2e
>
?hi.
se di chuyen ve phia cue Pb de trung hoa dien tich.
+ Kh6'i luong cue Zn giam.
Dap an dung la A .
+ Khdi luong cue Cu tang.
8. Trong qua trinh pin dien hoa Zn - A g hoat dong ta nhan tha'y
+ Nong d6 ion Cu"* giam.
(cho biet E°z„ 2+ ^ = - 0,76V; E ^ *
+ Nong do ion Z n ' * tang.
Dap an dung la D .
6. Sua't dien d6ng (Ej,J
cua pin didn hoa khong phu thuoc vao
A. ban chat ciia k i m loai lam dien cue.
B. ndng do ciia cae dung dich mudi.
C. nhiet d6.
D . khdi luong cae dien cue.
*
= "t" 0,80V, cSu mudi la dung djch KNO3)
A . khdi luong ciia dien cue A g giam.
B. ndng do ciia ion Zn"* tang.
C. ion K* di chuyen v^ phia anot.
D. sua't dien d6ng chudn cua pin bang 0,80 - 0,76 = 0,04V.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
,.
Phan umg xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - A g hoat d6ng:
Z n + 2Ag*
> Zn-* + 2 A g i
Ph.'in
Ji'.ii
V,) n!i
/»/;
II',
/!,':i
lifi
'
2
(
- C /< 1 luinli I pan
Ta thay:
- Kh6'i lircmg dien cue A g tang (khoi luong dien cue Z n giam).
- Nong do ion Zn-''tang (nong do ion Ag"^ giam).
Ag-Zn
: E°pi„ = + 5,00V.
:
''
A. 1.
0,8 -
(-0,76) = 1 , 5 6 ( V ) .
Xet cac pin:
* Pin sai (dch viet ki hieu:
- Pin A g - Z n (ma phai la pin Z n - A g ) .
* Pin CO gid tri sua't dien dong chuan E" sai:
- Pin Z n - A g : E",,,, = E ^ , + „^ -
9. Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa, la
A . cung cap them ion cho cac dung dich mudi.
=
B. can bang dien tich trong cac dung djch.
D. con ducmg d i chuyen ciia cac electron tir cue am sang cue duong.
Huong dan gidi
Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa: Can bang dien tich trong cac dung dich.
Dap an dung la B.
10. Trong pin dien hoa Cr - Sn xay ra phan ling:
-
(-0,76)
= 1,56V.
D . - 0,88V.
Hu&ngddn gidi
Dap an diing la A .
12. Cho mot pin dien hoa duoc tao bdi cap oxi hoa - khir Fe^*/ Fe va N i ' * / N i . Phan
ling xay ra or cue am ciia pin diSn hoa (6 difiu kien chu^n) la
A . Fe ^ Fe2+ + 2e
;.
> ... Cr'* + ... Sn.
C. 0,60V.
(Pin Z n - Cu: E°pi„ = + 1,1OV).
C. Fe^* + 2e - > Fe
Bia't E°c,^+,c, = - 0,74V. Sua't dien ddng chu^n ciia pin dien hoa nay la
•
0,8
E\„ 2+ ^„
Vay chi C O 1 pin c6 k i hieu dung va E°p|„ dung.
C. lam chat xiic tac cho phan iJng oxi hoa - khii xay ra khi pin boat ddng.
B. 0,88V.
D.4.
- Pin A g - Cu (ma phai la pin Cu - A g )
Dap an dung la B.
' A.-0,60V.
C. 3.
Huong ddn gidi
- Suat dien dong chudn E ^ , , , z „ . ^g, = E^g + /^g " E°z„ /z,,
EV.z„-Ag, =
^
B. 2.
> Agi
Do do 6 catot thieu dien tich duong (do Ag* bj dien phan) ndn K* {cAu mu6'i) di
chuy^n
do (chii khong
anot).
... Cr + ... Sn-*
= + 1,56V.
( c h o b i e t E ^ g \ A g = +0,80V; E^cu 2 + = + 0,34V; E°z„ 2 + = - 0,76V)
^ Zn"* + 2e
d catot (cue Ag): Ag*^ + le
Zn - A g
Pin
Sd pin dien hoa chudn khong c6 chd nao sai la
- Trong pin Z n - A g thi anot la A g , catot la Zn.
d anot (cue Zn): Zn
Pin
V TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
B. N i ^ N i ^ * + 2e
f^'
c.y
D. N i ^ * + 2e
Ni
Huong ddn gidi
Ca'u taopin: ( - ) F e / F e 2 + / / N i ^ + / N i ( + )
Phan utig xay ra of cue am (anot):
Fe
> Fe^*" + 2e
Phan lirng xay ra 6 cue duong (catot):
N i ^ ^ + 2e
>Ni
- V I Epi„ lu6n duong => loai phuong an A va D .
Phan ling tdng eong: Fe + Ni^"^
- VI Cr C O tinh khij manh hon Sn ndn:
^•Fe^^'+Ni
Dap an dung la A .
"
^
(Cr - Sn) -
S.I
ASii
^ Cr
/Cr
Chu v; Trong pin dien hoa:
= E''s„2+,s„ - ( - 0 , 7 4 )
I
- d cue am (anot):
= E°s,.2^s„ + 0 , 7 4 ( V ) .
Xay ra oxi hoa
- d cue duong (catot): Xay ra su khir
•, - Vi Sn diing tru6c H trong day dien hoa nen E^s,, ^+ ys, < 0.
'
13. M d t pin dien hoa gdm dien cue la s d day bac nhiing vao dung dich A g N O j va
Dap an diing la C .
dien cue kia la mot sgi day platin nhiing vao dung dich chiia ddng thdi Fe(N03)3
11. Co mot hoc sinh viet kf hieu ciia pin va tinh sua't dien ddng chu^n tuong ling
ciia pin nhu sau:
va Fe(N03)2. Phan ung xay ra d dien cue duong ciia pin dien ( d dieu kidn chu^n)
Do do EV-S,) < 0,74V => E°,a-s,) = 0,60V
r
PinZn-Cu
: E % , = + 1,10V.
Pin A g - C u
: E''pi„ = + 0 , 4 6 V .
la (cho E " ^
=+0,8;E°
Ag+/Ag
,+ =+0,77V)
Fe-'+/Fe2+
,. j
A. Fe2+ - > Fe-^* + le
B. Fe-''^ + le - > Fe^*
C. A g * + le - > A g
D . A g ^ Ag"" + le
[ '^ :
•
' '
urn loai va phifcfnij
phcip }>idi BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Toan
Huong ddn gidi
Pin
GPt
Ag^ Ag
e
Huong ddn gidi
Taco:
Phan ihig xay ra b cue duong (catot):
Ag"^ + le
Ag i
Dap an diing la C.
CM
VdiE° ^
V. - Phan iJng xay ra trong pin (hoat d6ng):
AgN03 + Fe (NO3 \e (NO3 )3 + Ag
- Cue duomg cua pin (E° ,
Mn
/M
=0,8V.
Ag+/Ag
.
;
T t r ( 2 ) = > E ° ^ , , ^ ^ ^ = -H0,34V.
Tir(l)^E"
- Cue am ciia pin lu6n xay ra su oxi hoa.
^
Zn
Dang 4: Bai tap tinh SDD chuan cua pin; tinh the dien cue chuan
= 0 , 3 4 - 1 , 1 = - 0 , 7 6 (V).
va E % ^
Zn2+/Zn
1. Biet sua't dien dong chua'n cua pin Zn - Cu la 1,10V, the dien cue chudn ciia didn
cue Zn la - 0,76V, the dien cue chu^n cua dien cue Cu la
B. - 0,34V.
=>
1,10
^
E°c„2+/cu
=E°c„2^eu
1,10
4. Cho cac the'dien cue chu^n:
-
A. P i n P b - C u .
E°,„2+,,„
B. + 1,44V
B. Pin Zn - Cu.
C. Pin Zn - Pb.
(-0,76)
0,76
= + 0,34(V).
C. + 0,76V
D. -1,44V
D. Pin Al - Zn.
Huong ddn gidi
Pin CO sua't dien dong chudn 1dm nha't khi pin tao ra tir cap dien cue each xa nhau
nha't trong day dien hoa.
Do do, trong cac pin da cho thi pin Zn - Cu (vi tri ciia cap Zn'V Zn va Cu'V Cu
each xa nhau nha't) c6 SDD chu^n 16n nha't.
E ; , „ ( Z n - C u ) = E « ^ 2 . , , „ - E^^2.,,„
=
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta
CO
E°P i n , z n - C .=
„,- E
I^^^2+/Cu
Theo bai ra:
0,34 -
^Zn2+/zn
E^__2,^^_^
=1,10
^zn^^/Zn = "^'^^^^ ^Pb2+/Pb
E°,+3/A, = "
= - 0,13V; E° 2+^^ = + 0,34V. Trong cac pin sau day, pin nao c6 sua't dien
d6ng chudn Idm nha't?
-
Dap an diing la C.
D. + 1,86V.
Dap an dung la A.
2. Biet rang E ^ ,z„.c„) = i,10V va E^Cu'VCu) = +0,34V. The'dien cue chu^n cua
cap oxi hoa khir Zn'^/Zn la
A. - 0,76V
' ' ''
Huong ddn gidi
=E°c„2^eu -
=
C. - 1,86V.
iSn luot la - 0,76 V va + 0,34 V.
Cu^+ZCu
' '
Tac6:EV„,„.c„,
,
/Zn
Vay E ° 2+
A. + 0,34V.
.
be hon) lu6n xay ra su khu.
+0,34 - (-0,76)
=
1,1 V.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Cho biet phan ihig oxi hoa - khir xay ra trong pin dien hoa Fe - Cu la:
E^^^.^^^ =0,34 -1,10 = - 0 , 7 6 V
Fe + Cu-* ^
Fe-" + Cu
E" (Fe-7 Fe) = - 0,44V, E° (Cu'V Cu) = + 0,34V. Sua't dien d6ng chudn cua pin
Dap an diing la A.
3. Cho sua't dien dong chua'n cua cac pin dien hoa: Zn - Cu la 1,1V; Cu - Ag la
dien hoa Fe - Cu la
A. 0,10 V.
B. 0,78 V.
0,46V. Biet the' dien cue chudn E V / A g = + 0,8V. The' difin cue chu^n
C. - 0,76V va + 0,34V.
B. -1,46V va - 0,34V.
,. . ; ,(j
D. - 1,56V va + 0,64V.
D. 1,66 V.
Huong ddn gidi
E''pin(Fe-Cu) =
A. + 1,56V va + 0,46V.
C. 0,92 V.
E''cu2+/cu-
= 0,34
-
E^^+ZFe
(-0,44)
"
.
' ;,i
= 0,78 V.
Dap an diing la B.
•^1
fhan loai vd phUang phap nidi til Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Todn
6. Cho th6' dien cue chu£n cua cac cap oxi hoa - khu A g ^ / A g , Cu^^/Cu,
Pb^^ /Pb, Zn^"^ / Z n c6 gia tri Idn lucrt la: +0,80V; + 0,34V; -0,13V; -0,76V.
Huong ddn gidi
Ti'nh sua't dien d6ng chuSn E° ciia cac pin:
-•(;'>
Epe-Ni
Trong cac pin sau, pin nao c6 suS't didn dong chudn Idti nha't?
A. PinPb-Cu
B. P i n Z n - A g
C. P i n Z n - C u
E-;0z n - F e = - 0 ' 4 4 - ( 0 , 7 6 ) = 0 , 3 2 V
D. P i n P b - A g
Hu&ng dan gidi
=-0,26-(-0,44)=0,18(min)
<'
•
Ezn-Cu-0,34-(0,76)=1,10V
E j i n H x ) = Epi„(zn-Ag) = 0-80 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
I
E ° „ ( 2 „ _ c „ ) = 1,10V;E°_2.^^,, =-0,76V va E^^+^^g =+0,80V. SuSt dien
dong chuiin ciia pin didn hoa Cu-Ag la
A. 0,46V.
B. 0,34V.
C. 1,14V.
D. 0,56V.
Huong dan gidi
^cu^^cu
V^y^
=^pi"(zn-Cu) +
E«^,,^^^_ =l,10 + (-0,76) = +0,34(V)
KHC.-.,)=K,^,A,-
ENi-Cu=0'34-(-0,26)=0,6V
Dap an dung la B.
-^CU^^CU
Dap an dung la A.
10. Cho ba kirn loai: M , R, X . Biet E° ciia hai cap oxi hoa - khiJ M-"/M = - 0,76V
va R-7 R = + 0,34V. Khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i cia R thl c6 phan ling xay
ra, con khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i ciia M thi khdng xay ra phan umg. E° ciia
pin M - X bang 0,63V thi E" ciia pin X - R bang
A. 0,47V.
B. 1,05V.
C. 0,21V.
D. 1,1V.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Sa d6 phan utig:
=0,80-0,34 = 0 , 4 6 ( V ) .
X + R'" ^ X"" + R
Dap an dung la A.
X + M ' " -> kh6ng xay ra.
Thii tu trong day dien hoa: M -> X -> R
8. Cho bifl: E ; , , ^ =-2,36V; E » , , , ^ , =^,76V; E»_,.^^ =^,3V;
=^J,V
Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien dong chudn bang 1,61V duoc ca'u tao bai hai cap oxi
hoa - khii
A. Zn^^ / Z n va Pb^^ /Pb
B. Pb^^ /Pb va Cu^^ /Cu
C. Mg2+ / M g
D. Z n ' " / Z n
va Z n ' " / Z n
va C u ' "
/Cu
Huong ddn gidi
Theo bai ra:
vay
Eji„M-x = E " ^ „ . ^ ^ - ( - 0 , 7 6 ) =0,63
E;,,X_. =E»2.^,
- E ^ „ , ^ ^ =0,34-(-0,13) = 0.47V
Dap an dung la A.
11. Trong cac cap oxi hoa - khu: Zn""/ Zn; Cu""/ Cu; Ag"/ Ag; Ni""/ Ni thi pin dien
Bie'u thiic tinh SDD chudn (E^. ,): E°., = Ef,, -
hoa CO sua't dien d6ng 1dm nha't la pin tao bai cap oxi hoa - khu
=>1,61
= ( _ 0 , 7 6 ) - ( - 2 , 3 7 ) = . E ° 2,
- E % ,
Vay pin diroc ca'u tao boi hai cSp M g ' " / M g va Z n ' " / Z n
B.Zn-Fe
C. Zn - Cu
B. Zn""/Zn va Cu""/Cu.
C.Cu-"/CuvaAg"/Ag.
D. Zn""/Zn va Ni""/Ni.
i
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la C.
9. Cho the' dien circ chuan: Zn""/ Zn = - 0,76V; Fe'V Fe = - 0,44V; Ni'V Ni = 0,26V; Cu-7 Cu = + 0,34V. Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien d6ng chudn nho nha't la
pin tao bai hai dien cue
A. F e - N i
A.Zn-"/ZnvaAg"/Ag.
D. Ni - Cu
Thur tu cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa:
Z n ' " / Z n ; N i ' " / N i ; C u ' " /Cu;Ag" / Ag
Pin CO SDD chudn Idn nha't khi tao bai cap oxi hoa - khijf c6 the' dien cue ehu^n
tha'p
nha'tIdn
( Znha't
n'"/Z
) va
g "n/ A
=>Epi„
lanpin
taocao
bcrinha't
Z n '("A/ Z
vag )Ag" / Ag .
Dap an dung la A.
/'//(///
lixii
\
i^icJFBT H6(i hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toan
pJicij)
1 2 . Cho cac the' dien circ chudn: E°
didn dong chuiiin ciia pin:
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khcms- Viet
= - 1 , 6 6 V ; E ° 2+ ,^ = + 0 , 3 4 V . Bifi't suS't
= M ^ ' E ^ p - A i = 0 , 7 1 V . Vay sua't dien d6ng
E"„_CU
E°
D.
1,81V
Y
Dap an dung la B.
E"(Cu - X ) = 0,46V; E^CY - Cu) = 1 , 1 V ; E " ( Z - Cu) = 0,47V
(X, Y, Z la ba k i m loai). Day cac k i m loai xep theo chieu tang dan tinh khii tu
=0,34-1,1 = 0,76V
=-1,66-0,71
2+
C.0,9V
Huong dan gidi
Ta ti'nh duoc: E ° 2+
kj
3. Cho sua't dien dong chuan E " ciia cac pin dien hoa:
B. I , 6 1 V
.;'
(3)
Tir(2,3)^Z< Y
c h u d n c i i a p i n Mg-Zn|^E^^g_^„j la
A. 2 V
E^v y+/Y > E " T T i n h khu T > Y .
trai sang phai la
=-2,37V
vay E^g_y„ = - 0 , 7 6 - ( - 2 , 3 7 ) = 1 , 6 1 V
Dap an dung la B .
'
A.Z,Y,Cu,X.
B.X,Cu,Z,Y.
C. Y, Z , Cu, X.
D. X, Cu, Y, Z .
Huong ddn gidi
V I E V „ - X. = 0,46V ^
E"c„ 2 - /cu < E ^ x «
'
=> Tinh k h u X < C u .
Dang 5: Bai tap so sanh tinh ox! hoa - khiir, xac dmh c h i l u cua phan ihig oxi
hoa - khiir
1. Cho E",,, 2+
= - 0,76V;
E"c„ 2+
= + 0 , 3 4 V ; E\,
2+ ^ , = - 0 , 2 3 V . Cac
cation
CO tinh oxi hoa giam d i n theo thii tir
C. Cu-^ Nr\^
D. Nr\^ Cu-\
Sapthu-tir E ' ' M " ^ M :E''cu^^cu>EV^%i
E^X-T
=> T r i h k h u C u < Z .
-i.
F "
(' - C i i )
F °
(3)
—>
E, , x _ C u ) ^
^
_ pO y+
2+
F "
Cu
/Cu
C
Y -'
^
/Y
I - Cu
l*
- pO 7,+
2+
F "
/Cu
E\+ /Y < E"z ^+ r,, => Tinh khijf Y > Z .
^
Z
/Z-
»
(4)
Dap an diing la B,
E x _ Y - l , l V ; E x _ z = 0 , 7 8 V ; E " _ Z = 0 , 4 6 V (X, Y, Z , T la bon k i m loai).
Day cat: k i m loai xep theo c h i l u tang ddn tinh khCr tir tnii sang phai la
A. Y , Z , T , X
B.T,Z,X,Y
C. Z , T, X, Y
D. T, Z , Y , X
Huong ddn gidi
= + 0,32V.
Tinh k h u ciia k i m loai X, Y, Z , T tang ddn theo thi} t u
- K i m loai viet truoc la cue am (anot), kim loai viet sau la cue duong (kim loai
A . X, T, Y , Z .
B. Z , Y, T,
C. T, Y , Z , X.
D. X, Y, Z , T.
X.
dong vai tro la cue am eo tinh khu manh hoii kim loai dong vai tro cue ducfng)
=> Tinh khu:
X>Y;X>Z;T>Z
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nhan xet.
- Pin CO E° cang lorn thi tinh khiJf cQa cac k i m loai cang chenh lech nhau nhifiu
(hay noi each khac chiing cang xa nhau tren day dien hoa).
- Trong cac pin tren, X ddu dong vai tro cue am
=> X CO tinh k h u manh hem cac k i m loai Y, Z va T .
- VI E^x-V < E ^ x - z
>
E^x-T
(1)
E ° v y - / Y - E ' ' x ^ ^ « < E»,^V " E°x^"/x
E ° Y y + ; y > E " z ' + / - ^ = ^ Tinh k h u Y > Z .
- V I E-'x-V
(2)
4 . Cho su£ t dien dong chuan E° ciia cac pin dien hoa:
>^\„^'
Dap an dung la C,
= + 1,1V;
E\y^^
V i E V - c u , = 0,47V :=> E " c . 2 ^ c u > E'V/^/z
^
2 . Cho sua't dien dong chudn ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E\.^
E ^ - C U , = 1 , 1 V = ^ E"e,2+^,„ >
T u ( l , 2, 3,4) t a c o : X < C u < Z < Y .
=> Cac cation c6 tinh oxi hoa Cu"* > N i " * > Zn^*
E°x-Y = + 0 , 6 2 V ;
(1)
=> Tinh k h u C u < Y.
* '
Huong ddn gidi
•
Vi
Vi
A . Ni-\^ Zn'\. Cii'\^ N i " * .
>>
^ E%y+;v - E ° x ^ V > E \ > V - E ^ x ^ V
<y> ;
- Do do, thu tu tren day dien hoa ciia cac k i m loai: X > T > Z > Y. >
' /
vay tinh khir tang ddn theo thii tu Y , Z , T, X.
Dap an diing la A .
(2)
5. Trong day the dien cue chuan ciia k i m loai, vj tri mot so cap oxi hoa - khu duoc
sdp xep nhu sau:
'
•
' • ' "
A l ' V A l , Fe-^/Fe, Ni=*/Ni, Cu'VCu, Fe'^/^e=^ A g V A g , Hg=*/Hg.
,
/'/(,/(/
\
p/i(/p
gidi
BT Hoa
hoc
12
-Ci)
Thanh
Toan
T r o n g so c a c k i m loai A l , F e , N i , C u , A g , H g , so k i m loai khi tac dung v6i dung
djch F e ' * chi khCr duoc F e ' *
Fe"* la
A. 1.
Al'*
Al
B. 2.
Fe-*
Ni-*
C. 3.
Hu&ng dan gidi
,.
Cu-*
Fe'*
Ni
Fe
D.4.
Ag*
^
•
Hg-*
(2) Mn + 2H*
> Mn-* + H ,
z=> Tmh oxi hoa Mn"* < H*.
Do do Mn'* < H* < Fe'* < Ag*.
Chii v:
Day dien hoa:
Mn
Fcr*
Ag
Hg
Dira vao day dien hoa trSn va qui tdc a ta bid't duoc cac kim loai trong doan
Fe-*/Fe va Fe'*/ Fe"* se chi khiJr diroc Fe'*
f)ap an dung la C.
6. Day cac ion xep theo chilu giam ddn tinh oxi hoa la (biet trong day dien hoa, cap
Fe'*/ Fe-* diJng trirorc cap Ag*/Ag)
B. Ag*, Fe'*, Cu"*, Fe"*.
D. Ag*, Cu"*, Fe'*, Fe"*.
Dap an dung la B.
7. Mdnh d^ khong dung la
Dap an diing la D.
H*
Fe'*
Ag*
H,
Fe-*
Ag
9. Cho cac phan ling sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO,)^ -> 3Fe(NO3 )^
> Fe"*.
Do do CO 3 kim loai Fe, Ni, Cu.
Mn"*
-)
— \>
•
Cu
A. Fe'*, Ag*, Cu-*, Fe-*.
C. Fe'*, Cu-*, Ag*, Fe-*.
Ti'nh oxi hoa Fe'* < Ag*.
'' :v (
AgNO, + Fe(NO,)2 ^ Fe(N03)3 + Ag
Day sdp x6'p theo thii tu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa cua cac ion kim loai Id
A. Ag^Fe2^Fe^+
B. Fe2^Fe•'^Ag+
C. Fe2+,Ag",Fe-'"
D. Ag",Fe"'",Fe^"
'
•
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Suy ra thu tu trong day dien hoa:
Fe^"/Fe;Fe-'"/Fe2";Ag"/Ag
A. Fe khij duqfc Cu"* trong dung dich.
B. tmh oxi hoa cua cac ion tang theo thir tir: Fe"*, H*, Cu"*, Ag*.
C. Fe'* CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*.
D. Fe-* oxi hoa duoc Cu.
Vay tinh oxi hoa:
Fe^" < Fe"*" < A g "
Dap an dung la B.
10. Thii tu m6t s6' cSp oxi hoa - khCr trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Hu&ng dan gidi
Fe-*/Fe; Cu'*/Cu; Fe'*/Fe"*.
• Xet cac phuong an sau:
A. Dung. Fe-*/Fe + Cu-*/Cu
Cap chat khong phan ung vori nhau la
(quy tdc a):
A. Fe va dung djch FeClj.
Fe + Cu-*
> Fe-* + Cu.
B. dung dich FeCK va dung dich CuQi.
B. Dung. Tinh oxi hoa Fe'* < H* < Cu"* < Ag*.
C. Dung. 2Fe'* + Cu
D. Sal.
D. Cu va dung djch FeClj.
Dap an dung la D.
(2)
AgNOj + Fe(NO_,)3
Mn
+
2HC1
> Fe(N03)3 + Ag i
B.
> MnCK
C. Fe + CuCU
Day cac ion sdp x6'p theo chidu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa la
A. Ag*, Fe'*, H*, Mn=*.
B. Ag*, Mn"*, H*, Fe'*.
C. Mn-*, H*, Ag*, Fe'*.
D. Mn"*, H*, Fe'*, Ag*.
Hu&ng dan gidi
- Ta c6:
(1) Ag* +Fe-*
> Fe'* + Ag
.j,,'
X^t cdc phuofng an:
A. Fe + 2FeCl3
+H.t
! .
Huong ddn gidi
Fe'* c6 tinh oxi hoa yeu hcfn Cu"* ntn Cu + Fe"* khong xay ra.
8. Cho cac phan ung xay ra sau day.
(1)
C. Fe va dung djch CuCl..
> Cu"* + 2Fe-*.
FeCU + CuCK
D. Cu + 2FeCl3
> 3FeCi2
> khong xay ra.
) - //
i
;
> Cu + F e d .
> 2FeCl, + CuCl,
'
Dap an dung la B.
11. Cho cac cap oxi hoa - khiJ duoc sdp xep theo chieu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa ciia
dang oxi hoa nhu sau: Fe^" / F c C u ^ " /Cu,Fe''" /Fe^".
Phat b'iiu nao sau day la dung?
37
A. Cu klurduDC Fe'* th;uih Fe .
B. Cu"^^ oxi hodduoc Fe^"^ thanh Fe^^ j
C. Dung.
C Fe'* oxihoaduDC Cu thiuih Cu^* .
D. Fe"* oxi hoadiioc Cu thaiih Cu^* .
D. Sai, VI tfnh oxi hoa Fe'* >
Huong dan gidi
;
2Fe-'* +21'
.2Fe2*+Io
Dap an dung la C.
Ta c6: Cu + 2Fc^^ ^ Cu'+ + 2Fe^+
Cu^* + Fe^""
Chit y: * Chung minh tfnh khir: Cu > I > Fe^*
Khoiig xay ra
2Fe^*+Cu^2Fe'*+Cu'*
-.^^
(Fe'* oxi hoa duoc Cu thanh Cu'*)
Fe'^* + Cu -> Khong xay ra
Cu + 1, -> Cu^* + 2r ; Tfnh oxi hoa: I j > Cu^*
•
=> Phat bieu diing la C.
'
Dap an diing la C.
12. Cho cac ion kim loai: Zir*, Svr*, Ni"*, Fe"*, Pb"*. Tlii} tir tinh oxi hoa giam diln la
A.
B.
C.
D.
Zn-* > Sn=* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Pb'*.
Pb-*>Sn-*>Ni-*>Fe-*>Zn-*.
Sn-*>Ni-*>Zn-*>Pb-*>Fe-*.
Pb-* > Sn-* > Fe-* > Ni'* > Zn"*.
Huong dan gidi
ThiJ tir tfnh oxi hoa giam dSn: Pb"* > Sn'* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Zn"*.
Dap an dung la B.
13. Cho day cac ion: Fe"*, Ni"*, Cu"*, Sn"*. Trong cung dieu kien, ion c6 tinh oxi
hoa manh nhat trong day la
A. Sn-*.
(Cu'*/Cu;l2/r;Fe'VFe2*)
.
B. Cu-*.
C. Fe-*.
D. Ni"*.
Huong dan gidi
Trong cling dieu kiSn (nhiet d6, nong do), thu- tir tfnh oxi hoa ciia cac ion la:
Fe-*
14. Qion phat bieu dung;
A. Tfnh oxi hoa cua Ag* > Cu"* > Fe'* > Ni"* > Fe"*
Dap an diing la B.
2Fe-^* + 2r->2Fe^*+l2
=^TfnhkhiJf: F >Fe^*;
Tfnh oxi hoa: Fe'* > I ,
^ Ul^^l^
* Cac the dien circ chuilin E "
Oxi
Mg-*/Mg
K*/K
hoa/Kh
-2,36
-2,92
E°(V)
Zn-*/Zn
s/s-'
Fe-*/Fe
Ni-*/Ni
-0,76
-0,51
-0,44
-0,25
Oxi
hoa/Kh
Cu-*/Cu
Fe'*/Fe-*
Ag*/Ag
0,77
0,80
H*/H.
Cu-*/Cu
0,54
0,52
0,34
0,00
15. Day gon1 cac ion deu oxi hoa duoc kim loai Fe la
E"(V)
A. Cr^*, Au-'*,Fe-'*
B. Cr2*,Cu2*,Ag*
C. Fe'*, Cu^\Ag\. Zn^^Cu2*,Ag^
Huong dan gidi
Cac ion oxi hoa dugc Fe (cac ion ciia cac kim loai dung sau Fe trong day dien
hoa va ion Fe''* :
B. Tfnh klur ciia K > Mg > Zn > Ni > Fe > Hg
2Fe'* + Fe-^3Fe2*
•, C. Tfnh khir ciia K > Fe > Cu > f > Fe"* > Ag
C u - * + F e ^ C u + Fe^^
D. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia Ag* > I . > Fe'* > Cu"* > S"-
2Ag*+ F e ^ F e ^ * + 2 A g
Huong dan gidi
Xet cac phuong an:
16. Day gom cac kim laii ddu tac dung duoc vol dung djch FcQ, la:
g A. Sai, VI tfnh oxi hoa Fe'*>Cu^*
2Fe'* + Cu ^ 2Fe-+ + Cu^*
B. Sai, VI tfnh k h u F o N i
Dap an dung la C.
.
Fe + Ni^* ^ N i + Fe^+
A. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al
B. Fc, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg
C.Cu,Ag,Au,Mg,Fc
D.Au,Cu,AI,Mg,Zn
,
,.
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai tac dung vai FeCl,:
Fe + 2FeCl3->3FeCl2
38
,. ,/
^ "
-
•
39
Zn + 2FeCl3
Z n C l , + 2FeCl2
Huong ddn gidi
Cu + 2FeCl3 -> C u C l , -b-2FeCl2
Theo quy tSc a :
Z^"" + X - > X^^ + Z
A l + 3FeCl3 ^ AICI3 + 3FeCl2
i r , ii,.H
M g + 2 F e C l 3 - > M g C l j + 2FeCl2
-rt)! Im
r
Dap an dung la C .
20. Cho sua't didn d6ng chua'n ciia cde pin didn hoa:
Dap an dung la B .
17. Thir t u m6t s6'cap oxi hoa - khif trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Ez-H2
Bifi't
Mg^VMg;Fe2VFe;Cu2VCu;Fe^VFe2*;Ag+/Ag.
'
^°y3+/-^2+
la X-\^
,
= 0,44V; E^_^ = 0,78V; E^_y = 1,24V.
= + 0,77V ; X , Y , Z la cac k i m loai, cac ion k i m loai tuong ung
va Z ' ^
Day chi g6m cac chat, ion tac dung duoc vdi ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
Cho rieng biet tung k i m loai X , Z vao lucfng d u m6i dung djch chua m6t ion k i m
A.Mg,Cu,Cu2^
loai sau: Y ^ X - ^ Z-\ phan u-ng oxi hoa - khu xay ra la
B.Mg,Fe2^Ag
C. Mg,Fe,Cu
D. Fe,Cu.Ag^
A . 3.
Huong ddn gidi
Dua vao quy t i e a ta xac djnh duoc:
.:
:
"
^3Fe2+
1. Trucmg hop khong xay ra hien tuong an mon difen hoa la
A. de ta'm sat duoc ma k m bang thiec ngoai khong khi £m.
Dap an dung la C .
18. Cho biet thiif t u tir trai sang phai cOa cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Z n ^ * /Zn;Fe2+ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;Fe-'VFe2^; A g ^ / A g .
Cac kirn loai va ion deu phan ung duoc v6i ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
B.Ag,Cu-*
C. A g , Fe'"
D. Z n , Cu"*
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo quy tac nguofi ta xac djnh duoc:
A g ^ + Fe^^
- Co 2 dien cue c6 ban chat khae nhau
Do do, khi de ta'm sat duoc ma kin bang thiec ngoai khdng khi dm => khong xay
>Ag + Fe-'^
ra hi6n tuong an mon di6n hoa (vi khong c6 di^u kien 1 va 3).
/M
/x
/Y
-2,37
-0,76
-0,13
P h n n ,'rnr,
J.
Phan
u-ng nao sau day
xay ra?
Dap an diing la A .
2. Bid't rang ion Pb"* trong dung dich oxi hoa duoc Sn. K h i nhiing hai thanh k i m
loai Pb va Sn duoc nd'i vdi nhau bang day dan dien vao mdt dung djch chat dien
li thi
A . chi C O Sn bj an mon dien hoa.
+ 0,34
B. chi C O Pb bi an mon dien hoa.
C. ca Sn va Pbdeu khdng bj an mon difin hoa.
A.Z +Y ^ - ^ Z ^ ^ Y
B.Z + M ^ * ^ Z 2 - + M
C.X
D.X + M^^-^X^^+M
+ Z'^->X'UZ
an mon dien hoa:
- Hai dien cue ciing duoc nhiing trong mot dung dich chat dien l i .
>Fe + Z n ^ *
19. Cho gia trj thd' dien cue chua'n ciia mot so cap oxi hoa - khu:
E°(V)
Khong xay ra hien tuong an mon dien hoa khi khong thoa man ca 3 di^u kidn
- Hai dien cue tie'p xiic true tia'p hoac n6'i vdi nhau qua day dSn.
"
Dap an dung la A .
Cap oxi hoaAhu
B. hai day Cu va A l duoc noi true tiep vdi nhau va de ngoai kh6ng khf dm.
C. de thanh thep ngoai khong khi dm.
D. hai thanh Cu, Zn duoc noi vdi nhau bdi day dSn va cung nhiing vao dung dich H Q .
(day the dien cue chu^n) nhu sau:
Zn + Fe^*
D. 5.
Dap an dung la B.
Dang 6: Bai tap ve an mon kim loai
Cu + 2Fe2^ ^Cu^^+2Fe2^
A.Zn,Ag*
C.4.
•^
M g + 2Fe-'^ - > M g ^ * + 2Fe^*
Fe + 2Fe^^
B.6.
fi,;. ^,
, ,
D . ca Sn va Pb deu bi an mon dien hoa.
Huong ddn gidi
Ion Pb-* oxi hoa duge Sn => Sn cd tinh khu manh hon Pb.
' v,
,' * /
'
41
Trong thf nghiem nay, thoa man 3 dieu i
dien l i ) , do do k i m loai c6 tinh khu manh hon (cue am) se bj an mon dien hoa ( d
day la Sn), con k i m loai c6 tfnh khu yeu hon (cue duong, a day la Pb) khong bj
an mon.
Dap an dung la A .
3. Co 4 dung dich rieng biet: CUSO4, ZnCU, FeCl,, A g N O , . Nhiing vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh N i . So truofng hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
Hming d^n giai
Ni + C u S 0 4 - > C u i + N i S 0 4
Ni-Ag:
Ni + AgNO, ^ 2 A g i + N i ( N O , ) 2
=> Co 2 truong hop.
Fe + CuCU
> Cu + FeCl.
(Cu sinh ra bam vao thanh Fe => thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon di6n hoa).
2.
F e / d d H C l , CuCl,:
Tuong tir tren
'
Dap an diing la C.
6. Cho cac hap k i m sau: Cu - Fe ( I ) ; Z n - Fe ( I I ) ; Fe - C ( I I I ) ; Sn - Fe ( I V ) . K h i
tiep xiic vdi dung djch chat dien l i thi cac hop k i m ma trong do Fe deu bj an
mon trudc la
A. I , I I va I I I .
B.I,IIvaIV.
C. I , I I I va I V .
D. I I , I I I va I V .
Huong ddn gidi
Cac trucrng hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
Ni-Cu:
1. Fe/ dd CuCU :
Fe bi an mon trudc khi Fe dong vai t i o cue am (Fe c6 tfnh khu manh hon, hay
noi each khae la Fe dung truoc trong day dien hoa).
Do do, cac hop kim ma Fe bj an mon trudc la:
Cu - Fe ( I ) ; Fe - C ( I I I ) ; Sn - Fe (IV)
Dap an diing la C .
4. Tid'n hanh 4 thi nghiem sau:
Dap an diing la C.
7. Tien hanh cac thf nghiem sau:
- Thi nghiem 1: Nhung thanh Fe vao dung djch FeCl,.
(a) Cho la Fe vao dung djch gom CUSO4 va H.SO4 loang;
- Thi nghiem 2: Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung djch CUSO4.
L .A
- Thi nghiem 3: Nhiing thanh Cu vao dung dich FeCl,.
(b) Dot day Fe trong binh dung khf O , ;
- Till' nghiem 4: Cho thanh Fe tiep xiic v6i thanh Cu roi nhiing vao dung djch H Q .
(e) Cho la Cu vao dung djch g6m Fe(NO,), va H N O , ;
So truong hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
(d) Cho la Zn vao dung djch H C l .
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D.4.
Huong dan gidi
Cac truofng hop xuat hien an mon dien hoa khi thoa man 3 dieu ki6n an mon
dien hoa.
- Thi nghiem 1: Chi c6 1 ditn circ (cue Fe).
- Thi nghiem 2: Fe + CUSO4
> C u i + FeS04
So thf nghiem c6 xay ra an mon dien hoa la
A. 1.
B.4.
C.2.
D.3.
Huong ddn gidi
Chi C O thf nghiem (a) thoa man 3 dieu kien de' xay ra an mon dien hoa:
Fe + CUSO4 ^ Cu i +FeS04
,^ ^
true tiep vdi nhau, hai dien cue duge nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien l i la
dung djch CUSO4.
=> Chi C O 1 thf nghiem.
*>ap an dung la A
8. Truong hop nao sau day xay ra an mon dien hoa?
- Thf nghiem 4: Thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa.
B. Dot la sat trong khf C I 2 .
Vay C O hai truong hop thoa man xua't hien an mon dien hoa (TN2 va TN4).
C. Thanh nhom nhiing trong dung djch H2S04loang.
Dap an dung la B.
5. Co 4 dung djch rieng biet: H C l , CuCK, FeCl,, HCl c6 kin CuCK. Nhung vao m6i
dung djch mot thanh Fe nguyen chat. So truomg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
C. 2.
Huong ddn gidi
Cac truong hop thoii man 3 di^u kien an mon dien hoa la:
,
A. Soi day bac nhiing trong dung djch H N O , .
- Thf nghiem 3: Chi c6 mot dien cue (cue Cu).
B. 1.
;
Fe + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) — ^ F e S 0 4 + H2
Thoa man 3 dieu kien: Co 2 dien cue khae nhau (cue Fe, circ Cu), hai cue n6'i
A. 0.
•?
D . 3.
,,
,
D. Thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4 .
Huong ddn gidi
De xay ra an mon dien hoa thi pluii dong thai thoa man 3 diSu kien an mon dien
hoa. Do do, thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4 thi se xay ra an mon dien hoa.
Dap an diing la D.
43
I HUH l u i i i
;jmiu)i,n i)iiui> f^iui ui
mm
nui iz —
i minn i uuii
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khcwfj Viet
9. Neu vat lam bang hap kim Fe - Zn hi an mon dien hoa thl trong qua trinh an mon
A . s a t dong vai tro catot va ion H * hi oxi hoa
B. Sat dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa
C. K e m dong vai tro catot bj oxi hoa
Chii y: Trucmg hop F e / d d A g N O , va F e / d d C u S 0 4 , liic d^u xua't hifen an mon
hoa hoc, sau do xua't hien an mon difin hoa (vi thoa man 3 d i ^ u kifin cua Sn mon
difen hoa).
D. K e m dong vai tro anot va bi oxi hoa.
P a n g 7: B a t t a p d i e n p h a n
Huong dan gidi
Hop k i m F e - Z n bj an mon dien hoa:
Anot (circ - ) :
Zn
Z n ^ ^ + 2e (bj an mon)
Catot (+, F e ) :
IHjO
+
1, Dien phan dung dich CUSO4 vdfi anot bang dong (anot tan) va di6n phan dung
djch CUSO4 vdri anot bang graphit (dien cue tro) dau c6 dac d i ^ m chung la:
+ 4e ^ 4 0 H " (chang ban)
A . 6 catot xay ra sir o x i hoa: 2 H 2 O + 2e - > 2 0 H ~ + H2
Vay kem dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa.
Dap an dung la D.
Chii y; Trong pin dien hoa: Cue am (bj an mon) la anot (noi xay ra qua trinh
oxi hoa), cue ducmg la catot (duoc bao ve).
10. C o 5 dung djch rieng biet:
B. 6 anot xay ra sirkhir: 2 H 2 O - > 0 2 + 4 H ^ + 4 e
C. b anot xay ra sir oxi hoa: C u -> C u ^ ^ + 2e
D . 6 catot xay ra su khir: Cu^^ + 2 e - » Cu .
a) H C l , b) CUSO4, c) F e , ( S 0 4 ) , „ d) HCl c6 iSn CuCK, e) Z n S 0 4 .
Nhiing vao m6i dung djch m6t thanh Fe nguyen chat. S6' trucmg hop xua't hifin
an mon d i ^ n hoa la
A. 3
B. 1
CO
Xet 2 qua trinh dien phan dung djch CUSO4:
* Dien phan vdri anot bang dong (cue duong tan):
D. 2
Catot ( - ) : Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu (sir khir Cu"" -> Cu)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a n c\X vao 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa:
Anot ( + ) : Cu -^Cu^"" + 2e (sir 6xi hoa Cu
- C o 2 dien cue khac nhau ve ban chat
Cu"")
* Dien phan vdi anot bang graphit (dien cue tra):
- Hai dien cue ndi true tiep hoac gian tiep v6i nhau qua day dSn.
- Cling duoc nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien l i .
Catot ( - ) : Cu^ + 2 e - > C u
Suy ra c6 2 trucmg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
Anot ( + ) : 2 H 2 O - > 4 H ^ + O2 + 4e (sir oxi hoa)
- Fe - CUSO4 :
F e + CUSO4
¥cSO^ + C u i
=> Dac d i ^ m chung la cf catot xay ra sir khir Cu^"^ + 2e ^
- Fe - CUCI2 / H C l : Fe + CUCI2 ^ FeCl2 + C u i
Dap an dung la D.
djch mot thanh F e nguyen chat. So truonig hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
Cu
D a p a n dung la D.
11. C o 4 dung djch rieng biet: H C l , FeCl,, A g N O , , CUSO4. Nhung vao m6i dung
'
D. 3
2. Dien phan 500 m l dung djch CUSO4 0,2M (dien cue tro) cho den khi a catot thu duoc
3,2 gam kim loai thi the ti'ch khi (dktc) thu duoc a anot la
A . 2,24 lit
B. 1,12 lit
'
Huong ddn gidi
Xua't hien an mon hoa hoc khi c6 xay ra phan ling hoa hoc. V I k i m loai F e deu
phan ling duoc vai cac dung djch nay nen dfiu xuat hien an mon hoa hoc:
C. 3,36 l i t
D . 0,56 l i t
Huong ddn gidi
K i m loai thu diroc la Cu: nc^. = 3 , 2 / 6 4 - 0 , 0 5 ( m o l )
2CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O
2Cu i
+ 0 2 ! +2H2SO4
1) F e + 2 H C I ^ F e C l 2 + H2 t
catot(-)
anot(+)
2) F e + 2FeCl3 ^ 3 F e C l 2
0,05 ->
0,025(mol)
3) F e + 2 A g N 0 3 - ^ F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 A g 4
;
; ^
:
The ti'ch khi thu duoc 0 anot: V^^^^^^,) = 0,025.22,4 = 0 , 5 6 ( l )
4) F e + CUSO4 ^ FeS04 + C u I
D a p an diing la D.
D a p an dung la A.
44
Huong ddn gidi
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khani- Viet
Phau loai va pinfcng phcip fjicii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toari
3. Hoa tan 13,68 gam muoi MSO4 vao nuac duoc dung dich X . Dien phan X (voi
dien circ tro, cuonig do dong dien khong doi) trong thofi gian t giay, dirge y gam
k i m loai M duy nha't a catot va 0,035 mol khi a anot. Con neu thbi gian dien
phan la 2t giay thi t6ng so mol khi thu dugc a ca hai dien cue la 0,1245 mol. Gia
trj cua y la
•
A . 4,480.
B. 3,920.
C. 1,680.
D. 4,788.
Huong dan gidi
200.10
- Khoi luong dung djch sau khi ngirng dien phan:
m
—>M4+H2S04
0,07
+ 0,502 ^
=>
<-0,035(mol)
* K h i 2t (giay):
H2O
Anot(+):
anot
vay Vk,,,H2,0 2) =
M^+ + 2ea <— 2a < a ( m o l )
2H20 + 2e
2a + 2b = 0,28
b +0,035.2 =0,1245
V 18
60
-+•
18,
120,
„ 6 0 ^ ,^
(mol)—(mol)
18
18
. 22,4 = 22,4 (lit)
Dap an diing la C.
A . sir khir ion Na"^.
B. sir oxi hoa ion CP.
C. su oxi hoa ion Na*.
D. su khiJr ion CI".
nong chay ^^
noni;
i
,.. . . — > Na
Cac qua trinh xay ra: NaCl — ^ ^ j — — >
Na" + CP
6 catot (cue - ): Na* + le
> Na (su khir)
b(mol)
•<
6 anot (cue + ): 2Cr
>a = 0,085; b = 0,0545
X.
^ 0 , 0 8 5 5 = 13,68/(M + 96)
'
> C I . + 2e (su oxi hoa)
Tai catot xay ra su khir ion Na*.
X a c d i n h M : a = 13,68/(M + 96)
Dap an dung la A .
6. Dien phan (vdi dien cue tro) 200ml dung djch CUSO4 nong do x moi/1, sau mot
thoi gian thu dugc dung dich Y viln con mau xanh, c6 khdi lugng giam 8 gam so
+ 96 = 160 ^ M = 6 4 ( C u )
Vay y = 0,07.64 = 4 , 4 8 0 ( g )
Dap an diing la A .
4. Tien hanh dien phan (dien cue tro) 200 gam dung dich N a O H 10% den khi dung
dich N a O H trong binh dien phan c6 nong do 25% thi dirng lai. Tlie tich khi 0
hai dien cue da thoat ra (6 dktc) la
A . 22,4 l i t .
^120
>
Huong dan gidi
• 2OH- + H 2
2b < -
> H . T + ^ O.T
5. Khi didn phan NaCl nong chay (dien cue tro), tai catot xay ra
(0,035.2) ^ 0 , 2 8 ( m o l )
Ta c6:
= ^^(mol)
'20,
n
-(mol)
18
- ^ H 2 t + 0,502 ^
H2O- • 2 H + + 0 , 5 0 2 ^ + 2e
Catot (-):
n H20 C'i dien phan)
- > M i + H2S04 + 0 , 5 0 2
Catot
>:> i
(bj dien phan) = 200 - 80 = 1 2 0 (gam).
- Phuong trinh dien phan: H , 0
MSO4 +H2O
S.<>:
- Khdi luong dung dich bi giam chinh b i n g khdi lugng H . O bi dien phan:
* K h i t (giay):
MSO4 + H 2 0 -
dd'^
B. 168 lit.
C. 224 l i t .
D . 112 lit.
v6i dung dich ban dau. Cho 16,8 gam bgt sat vao Y , sau khi cac phan lifng xay ra
hoan toan, thu dugc 12,4 gam k i m loai. Gia trj ciia x la
A . 1,50.
2H.0
2H:t + 0,T
- Khdi luong NaOH khong thay doi (nhung do lugng H . O giam dan nen nong
do N a O H tang dan).
C. 1,25
D . 2,25.
Huong ddn gidi
P T H H : CuS04 + H 2 0 ^ C u i + ^ 0 2 t + H 2 S 0 4
Huong dan gidi
- K h i dien phan dung dich NaOH thi H^O bi dien phan:
B. 3,25.
a
Tacd:
^
a - > 0,5a
Phan ling
b <-
FeS04 + Cu i
b ->
i
a
64a + 32.0,5a = 8 = ^ 8 0 a = 8 = > a = 0 , l .
Fe + CUSO4
^o't-
b (mol)
.
;
Phan loai va pliKcfng
fiicU BT H6a lux-
phdp
Thanh
12 — Cii
Toan
Fe + H2S04(l)^>FeS04 + H 2 t
O.I <- 0.1 (mol)
16.8 - 56b - 56.0,1 + 64b = 12,4
Taco:
8b
.
= 1,2 => b = 0,l5.
Dodo
nc„,so4 =a + b = 0,l + 0,15 = 0,25(mol).
Vay
X
H2SO4
Theobaira: nFe2(S04)3 =0'^
D a p a n diing l a
=0,25/0,2-1,25(M).
Chu y: Axit
• i y
(sinh ra do dien phan dung djch
CUSO4)
tac dung vdi Fe.
dong dien khong d6i 2,68A (hieu sua't qua trinh dien phSn la 100%), thu duoc
chat ran X, dung djch Y va khf Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vao Y, sau khi cac phan utig
ke't thuc thu duoc 14,5 gam h6n hop kim loai va khi N O (san phdm khir duy nha't
cua N''^ ) . Gia trj cua t la
B. 0,3.
C.0,8.
D. 1,0.
Huong dan gidi
Theobaira: n^^^j^Q^ =0,15.1 =0,15mol.
Goi X , y Idn luot la so mol AgNO, bi dien phan va s6' mol AgNOj chua bi dien
phan =>x + y = 0,15.
2AgN03 + H2O ^ 2Ag + 2HNO3 + 1 /2O2
Ta c6:
y/2
0,1
'
se bj khir a catot:
[H*] = 0,1. 2/ 0,1 = 2M, nfin tiep theo
2H* + 2e ^ H , t
Do do, trong thcri gian t thi chi c6 Fe2(S04)3 bj dien phan theo phuong trinh tren,
hay noi each khac, o catot Fe^* bj khir hoan toan thanh Fe"*.
Fe-^*
+ ' le ^
Fe-*
(0,1.2) (mol)
(gi^)
Chii v: Trong day dien hod: Fe'V Fe, H^/H,, Fe'*/Fe-* ndn trir6c tien Fe^* se bj
khir thanh Fe"* (chu" khong tao thanh Fe), sau do H* -> H. t , ti^'p den Fe"* -> Fe
9. Khi dien phan mot dung djch vori dien cue tro, khong mang ngan thi dung djch
A. dung dich CUSO4
B. dung dich NaQ
C. dung djch H2SO4
-> 3x/8
->
0,1
0,2
Khi Fe2(504)3 het thi tao ra dung djch CO
dem dien phan la
X
D. dung djch H N O 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2AgN03 + Fe (du) -> Fe(N03)2 + ^Ag i
y
2FeS04 + H.SO4+ - O j
sau dien phan c6 pH tang so vdi dung djch truoc khi didn phan. Vay dung dich
8HNO3+3Fe (du) ^ 3 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H20
X
Trudc tien: Fe.(S04)3 + H^O
D a p a n d u n g ]a C.
=> Trong Y c6 AgNO, (AgNO, chua bj dien phan he't).
X ^
' '
A p dung phuong trinh Faraday, ta c6: t = (^'^-^^-^-^^^^^-2
2,68.3600
Fe + Y -> h6n hop kim loai (=> Ag, Fe du)
X
1 = 0 - ' ("^oO
C.
7, Dien phan 150ml dung djch AgNO^ I M v6\n circ tro trong t gicf, cuong d6
A. 1,2.
S. Dien phan 100ml dung dich Fe2(S04)3 I M (dien cue tro), vdi cucmg do dong difn I =
2,68A trong th6i gian t gior thl bat ddu c6 khi thoat ra or catot (hieu sua't ciia qua trinh
dien phan la 100%). Gia trj cua t la
A. 6
B.4
C.2
D. 1
Hu&ngddngidi
^
Phuong trinh didn phan cac dung djch:
y
* Dung dich CUSO4: CUSO4 + H 2 0 ^ C u + H2S04 +^0^
12,6 - (3x /8 + y/2).56 + 108y = 14,5
tang (do sinh ra H2SO4 va the' tich dung djch giam vi H^O bj dien
=> 80y - 2 Ix = 1,9 =^ X = 0, l;y = 0,05.
phan) => pH giam.
So mol electron trao ddi: n^ = nA . 1 = 0,1 (mol)
* Dung djch NaCl (khong c6 mang ngan):
Matkhac: n, = - ^ t = n , . F / I
=^ t = 0,1.96500/ 2,68 = 3600s = 1 gid
2NaCl + 2H2O
Dap a n dung la D.
> 2NaOH + CI2 + H2
;
CI 2 + 2 N a O H - » NaCl + NaClO + H2O
NaClO bj thuy phan:
NaClO + H2O ?=> NaOH + HCIO
,
40
