NP30 CHINA SEA PILOT VOLUME I

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NP 30
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
The table below is to record Section IV Notices to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.
Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this
volume.

Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)
2005

2006

2007

2008


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NP 30

CHINA SEA PILOT

VOLUME I
The west side of the South China Sea from Tanjung Lompat on the eastern side of
Peninsula Malaysia to Zhelang Jiao in China; Pulau−Pulau Anambas, Hainan
Dao, and the islands and banks bordering the main route from the Singapore
Strait to Hong Kong.

SIXTH EDITION
2004

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE


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E Crown Copyright 2004
To be obtained from Agents
for the sale of Admiralty Charts and Publications

Copyright for some of the material in
this publication is owned by the authority
named under the item and permission for its
reproduction must be obtained from the owner.

Area formerly covered by:
China Sea Directory Vol. II

First Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Third Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fourth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fifth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

China Sea Pilot (First Series) Vol. III

First Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1912
Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1923

China Sea Pilot (Second Series)Vol. I First Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Third Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fourth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fourth Edition (Revised) . . . . . .
Fifth Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ii

1868
1879
1889
1899
1906

1937
1951
1964
1978

1987
2001


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PREFACE
The Sixth Edition of the China Sea Pilot Volume I has been revised by Lieutenant Commander P. Jordan, Royal Navy. The
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the appropriate
information obtained by and assessed by it at the date shown below. Information received or assessed after that date will be
included in Admiralty Notices to Mariners where appropriate. If in doubt, see The Mariner’s Handbook for details of what
Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to use them.
This edition supersedes the Fifth Edition (2001), which is cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Exeter.
The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
International
International Maritime Organisation, Ships’ Routeing Seventh Edition (1999) Amended to December 2003
British
Fairplay World Ports Directory 2003/2004
Guide to Port Entry 2003/2004
Lloyds Ports of the World 2004
Whitaker’s Almanack 2004
The Statesman’s Yearbook 2004
United States
United States Publication 120 − Sailing Directions ( Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia, Second Edition,
2001

United States Publication 161 − Sailing Directions (Enroute) South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, Eighth Edition, 2002
China
Guide to Chinese Ports 2003
Charts.

Dr DW Williams
United Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
Admiralty Way
Taunton
Somerset TA1 2DN
England
12th August 2004

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PREFACE
to the Fifth Edition (2001)
The Fifth Edition of the China Sea Pilot Volume I has been compiled by Commander AC Grattan−Cooper, RN, and the late
Commander JB Wilson RD* RNR, and contains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to
the date given below.
This edition supersedes the Fourth Edition (1978) (Revised 1987) and Supplement No 4 (1996), which are cancelled.

Information on climate and currents has been revised based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.
The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
British
Fairplay World Ports Directory 1999/2000
Guide to Port Entry 2001
Lloyds Ports of the World 2001
Lloyds Maritime Guide 1999/2000
Whitaker’s Almanack 2001
The Statesman’s Yearbook 2001
United States
United States Publication 120 − Sailing Directions ( Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia, Second Edition,
2001.
United States Publication 161 − Sailing Directions (Enroute) South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, Seventh Edition,
1998.
China
Guide to Chinese Ports Volume III, 1998.

Dr DW Williams
United Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
Admiralty Way
Taunton
Somerset TA1 2DN
England
27th July 2001

iv

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CONTENTS
Pages
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Preface to the Fifth Edition (2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Explanatory notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Index chartlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . facing 1

CHAPTER 1
Navigation and regulations
Limits of the book (1.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigational dangers and hazards (1.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traffic and operations (1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charts (1.13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aids to navigation (1.16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pilotage (1.18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio facilities (1.19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulations (1.22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signals (1.24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distress and rescue (1.30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
7

Countries and ports
Malaysia (1.31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Indonesia (1.40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Thailand (1.42) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cambodia (1.50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Vietnam (1.58) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
China (1.66) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Macau SAR (1.74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hong Kong SAR (1.76) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.84) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Port services — summary (1.85) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Natural conditions
Maritime topography (1.90) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marine life (1.94) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Currents and tidal streams (1.98) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tides (1.105) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sea and swell (1.106) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sea water characteristics (1.110) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Climate and weather (1.114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Climatic tables (1.148) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.172) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
14
15
20
20
23
26
36
62

CHAPTER 2
Main route from Singapore to Hong Kong — Passages − Islands, banks, dangers and offshore fields, including
Pulau-Pulau Anambas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

CHAPTER 3
East coast of Peninsular Malaysia from Tanjung Lompat to the border with Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

CHAPTER 4
Gulf of Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

CHAPTER 5
Vietnam — South and east coasts, from Mui Bai Bung to Vung Da Nang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 6
Vietnam — Gulf of Tonkin: Vung Da Nang to Baisungong Jiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
CHAPTER 7
China — South coast: Baisungong Jiao to Zhujiang Kou, including Hainan Dao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
CHAPTER 8
China — South coast: Zhujiang and its approaches, including ports to Guangzhou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
CHAPTER 9
Approaches to Hong Kong — Hong Kong Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
CHAPTER 10
China — South coast: Hong Kong to Zhelang Jiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
APPENDICES
Appendix I — Mined Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Appendix II — Extracts from Navigation in Thai Territorial Waters Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Appendix III — Regulations governing supervison and control of foreign vessels, quarantine and
maritime safety in The People’s Republic of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Appendix IV — Hong Kong — Boundary of administration and extracts from port regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
DISTANCES TABLE
Table of distances — South China Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
INDEX
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

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EXPLANATORY NOTES
Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 12 m or more in length. They amplify charted detail and contain
information needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended
to be read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.
This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, without
the use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weekly
editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published in the last weekly edition for each
month. Those still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
CD−ROM
Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements of
Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should only
be used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy exists
between data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be relied
upon.
Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, it
has not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD for
this purpose is at the user’s own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligence
of the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of the
UKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.
Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CD−ROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise
without the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed or
commercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,
the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Parties

whether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.
References to hydrographic and other publications
The Mariner’s Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.
Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastal
passages.
Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.
Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotage
services, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress and
Safety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.
Admiralty Maritime Communications is a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and small
craft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime
Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used by
small craft.
Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments and
notices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigational
warnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.
The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals as
well as international flag signals.
Remarks on subject matter
Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too small
to show all the details clearly.
Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Mariners
should consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted where
its use is more appropriate.
Firing, practice and exercise areas. Except for submarine exercise areas, details of firing, practice and exercise areas are not mentioned
in Sailing Directions, but signals and buoys used in connection with these areas are sometimes mentioned if significant for navigation.
Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.
Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in brackets
following the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.
Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted.
Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.
Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the event
being described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time which
may be kept.
Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance for
navigation or anchoring.
Units and terminology used in this volume
Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.
Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000° (North) to 359°
Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.
Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.
Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.
Winds are described by the direction from which they blow.
Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow.
Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.
Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.
Heights of objects refer to the height of the structure above the ground and are invariably expressed as “... m in height”.
Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted in

Admiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, “an elevation of ... m”. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively be
expressed as “... m high” since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.
Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, these
latter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.
Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local time
kept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.
Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking.
Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.
Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over a
large area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may be
marked “conspic”.
Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.

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ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in the text.
Directions
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E

ESE
SE
SSE

north (northerly, northward, northern,
northernmost)
north-north-east
north-east
east-north-east
east
east-south-east
south-east
south-south-east

S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW

south
south-south-west
south-west
west-south-west
west
west-north-west
north-west

north-north-west

Navigation
AIS
CVTS
DGPS
GPS
ITCZ
Lanby
MCTS
ODAS

Automatic Indentification System
Co−operative Vessel Traffic System
Differential Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Large automatic navigation buoy
Marine Communications and Traffic Services
Centres
Ocean Data Acquisition System

Satnav
TSS
VDR
VMRS
VTC
VTS
VTMS

Satellite navigation
Traffic Separation Scheme
Voyage Data Recorder
Vessel Movement Reporting System
Vessel Traffic Centre
Vessel Traffic Services
Vessel Traffic Management System

Offshore operations
ALC
ALP
CALM
CBM
ELSBM
FPSO

Articulated loading column
Articulated loading platform
Catenary anchor leg mooring
Conventional buoy mooring
Exposed location single buoy mooring
Floating production storage and offloading
vessel

FPU
FSO
PLEM
SALM
SALS
SBM

SPM

Floating production unit
Floating storage and offloading vessel
Pipe line end manifold
Single anchor leg mooring system
Single anchored leg storage system
Single buoy mooring
Single point mooring

Organizations
EU
IALA
IHO

European Union
International Association of Lighthouse
Authorities
International Hydrographic Organization

IMO
NATO
RN
UKHO

International Maritime Organization
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Royal Navy
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

Navtex
RT
UHF
VHF
WT

Navigational Telex System
radio telephony
ultra high frequency
very high frequency
radio (wireless) telegraphy

Radio
AIS
DF
HF
LF
MF
MMSI

Automatic Indentification System
direction finding
high frequency
low frequency
medium frequency
Maritime Mobile Service Identity

Rescue and distress
AMVER
EPIRB

GMDSS

Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue
System
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

JRCC
MRCC
MRSC
SAR

Joint Rescue Cooperation Centre
Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
Maritime Rescue Sub-Centre
Search and Rescue

MHWS
MLHW
MLLW
MLW
MLWN
MLWS
MSL

Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

Mean
Mean

Tides
HAT
HW
LAT
LW
MHHW
MHLW
MHW
MHWN

Highest Astronomical Tide
High Water
Lowest Astronomical Tide
Low Water
Mean Higher High Water
Mean Higher Low Water
Mean High Water
Mean High Water Neaps
ix

High Water Springs
Lower High Water
Lower Low Water
Low Water
Low Water Neaps
Low Water Springs
Sea Level

Home

Contents

Index
ABBREVIATIONS

Times
ETA
ETD

estimated time of arrival
estimated time of departure

UT
UTC

Universal Time
Co-ordinated Universal Time

Units and miscellaneous
°C
DG
dwt
DZ
feu
fm
ft

g/cm3
GRP
grt
gt
hp
hPa

degrees Celsius
degaussing
deadweight tonnage
danger zone
forty foot equivalent unit
fathom(s)
foot (feet)
gram per cubic centimetre
glass reinforced plastic
gross register tonnage
gross tonnage
horse power
hectopascal

kHz
km
kn
kW
m
mb
MHz
mm
MW

No
nrt
teu

kilohertz
kilometre(s)
knot(s)
kilowatt(s)
metre(s)
millibar(s)
megahertz
millimetre(s)
megawatt(s)
number
nett register tonnage
twenty foot equivalent unit

Vessels and cargo
CDC
HMS
HSC
LASH
LHG
LNG
LOA
LPG

Certain Dangerous Cargo
Her (His) Majesty’s Ship
High Speed Craft

Lighter Aboard Ship
Liquefied Hazardous Gas
Liquefied Natural Gas
Length overall
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MV
MY
POL
RMS
Ro-Ro
SS
ULCC
VLCC

x

Motor Vessel
Motor Yacht
Petrol, Oil & Lubricants
Royal Mail Ship
Roll-on, Roll-off
Steamship
Ultra Large Crude Carrier
Very Large Crude Carrier


Home

Contents

Index

GLOSSARIES
Words found on Charts and in Sailing Directions.

MALAY/INDONESIAN
The following words are for the most part of Malay origin but are subject to modification in some dialects.
Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . English

Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . . English

air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air masin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air mentah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air pasang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air pelajaran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air perbani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
air surut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ajer, ayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
alang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
alangan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
alur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
alur layar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ambang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ambang sungai . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anak ayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anak sungai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anggai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
angin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anja, anjar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
api . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
arus (harus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer mati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer masin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer pasang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer rabong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ayer surut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

water, stream
salt water
freshwater
high water
bay, inlet, creek
neap tide
low water
water, stream
bar
bar
channel
channel, passage
shoal
shoal, bank, bar
small stream
rivulet, tributary
signal
wind
anchor
light (lit. fire)

current
see ajer
low water
salt water
flood tide
high water (springs)
ebb tide

danu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
darat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
delapan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dermaga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
diangkat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
didasar laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dilarang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bagan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
baharu, baru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bandar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bandara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
barat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
barat daya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
barat laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
baru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
batang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
batu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
batuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
batuan dalam air . . . . . . . . . . . .
batu-batu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bayu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bengawan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
besar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
berbahaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
berbukit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
berlabuh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
beting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
biduk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
biru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bukit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bulan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
burong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
busong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

quay, wharf
new
harbour, port
airport
west, western
south-west
north-west
new
river
stones
rock
underwater rock
group of rocks,
wind, breeze
river, large stream
large, great

dangerous, hazardous
hilly
anchor
reef, sandbank, shoal
river boat
blue
hill, mountain
moon
bird
sandbank

empat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . four
enam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . six

changkat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . low hill, sandbank
cetek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shallow
ci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stream, small river
daerah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
danau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dangkal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lake
landward, the interior
eight
wharf
remove, delete
seabed
prohibited
two

area, zone, region
deep
lake
shallow

xi

gelap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gosong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gunonganang . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gunung (gunong) . . . . . . . . . . .
gunung api . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gusung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eclipse, dark
shoal, sandbank, bar
mountain ranges
mountain, hill
volcano
shoal, sandbank

hari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
harus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hijau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hilir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hitam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hujan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hujung tanjung . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

day
current, tide
green
downstream
black, dark
rain
point
upper reaches of a river
jungle, forest

ikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
inggelan, inglitir . . . . . . . . . . . .
inggeris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
inggris raya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fish
England
English
Great Britain

jalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jambatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jeram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jernih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

street, road

bridge
rapid
fishing stake, fish trap
clear
sea-going junk

káli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kampung (kampong) . . . . . . . .
kapal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal api . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal barang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal dadang . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal lajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal layar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal muslim . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal muatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal pandu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal penambang . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal pengangkut . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal penumpang . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal perang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal peronda . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal tangkar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal tunda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal uap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kapal udara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
karang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
karang-karang . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kecil, kechil, kechik . . . . . . . . .

river
village
ship
steamship
freighter, general cargo vessel
cargo vessel
sailing vesse1
sailing vessel
pilot vessel
freighter
pilot boat
ferry
cargo vessel
passenger vessel
warship
coastguard vessel
tanker
tugboat
steamship
aircraft
coral, coral reef, atoll
group of reefs, atolls
small


Home

Contents

Index

GLOSSARY

Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . English

Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . . English

kegunongan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kelelap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kepulauan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ketjil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kidul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kuala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

perahu tambang . . . . . . . . . . . .
perkapalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
peta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
petang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pinggir laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pohon, pokok . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
prau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
propinsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
puloh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pulau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pulau-pulau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
puntjak, puncak . . . . . . . . . . . .
puri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
putih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ferry boat
fleet
chart
evening
coast
tree
boat, small craft
province
ten
island
small group of islands
summit, peak
town
white

rajut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rawa, rawang . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rebas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
redang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rendah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
riam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ribut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rimba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rintangan (rint) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
romba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rumbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fish net
swamp, marsh

sparse jungle
deep swamp, marsh
low
waterfall, rapids
strong wind, storm
jungle, forest
obstruction
beacon, fisherman’s mark
house
fishtrap

sampan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
satu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
selat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
selatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
selatan daya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
semenanjung . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sembilan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
semboyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sepuluh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
suar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sumur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sungai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
syarbandar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

small boat
one
strait, narrows, channel, sound
south, southern
south-west

peninsula
nine
signal
ten
light
well
river
harbour master

tali ayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tanah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tanjung (tanjong) . . . . . . . . . . .
tanjung tinggi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tasek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
teluk (telok) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
telukan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tempat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tengah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tenggara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tepi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tepi laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
terumbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
terusan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tiga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
timur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
timur laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tinggi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
titik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tohor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tokong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tompok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tongkang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tujuh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tukun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

canal
land, country
cape, point
promontory
lake
bay, bend in a river
gulf
place, spot
middle
south-east
bank, shore
south
reef, rock awash at low water
canal
mast
three
east
north-east
high
point
shallow
reef, below-water bank
shoal patches, bank, shallows

lighter (for cargo)
old
seven
hidden rock

ujung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ulu (hulu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
umpur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
utan (hutan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cape, point, headland
upper reaches of a river
mud
jungle, forest

mountainous
submerged, sunk
archipelago, large group of islands
dry
small
the south
city, town, fort
estuary, river mouth, confluence of
two rivers
kulon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . west
kumpit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fast narrow river craft
kuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow
labuhan, labuan . . . . . . . . . . . .
lapan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
larangan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

laut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lautan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lebak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lebar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lubuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lumpur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lurah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anchorage
eight
prohibited
sea, seaward
ocean
valley
broad, wide
five
deep pool
mud
valley, ravine, gully

malam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
malim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
merah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
minyak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
musim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
musim tenggara . . . . . . . . . . . .
musim utara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

night
pilot
golden
red
oil
estuary, river mouth
season
SW monsoon
NE monsoon

negri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nelajan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

town state
fisherman
nought, zero
island

ombak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ombak memetjah . . . . . . . . . . .
ombak selabu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
omong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

waves
breakers
rollers
fishing ground mark

pabean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pagi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
paja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
panchang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pangkalang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
panjang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pantai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pantjang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
parigi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
parit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasang kering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasang naik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasang purnama . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasang surut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasanggrahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pasir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
paya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pegunungan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pelabuhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pelayaran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pekan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pemayang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pematang, permatang . . . . . . . .
pendaratan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pengkapalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
perahu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
perahu majang . . . . . . . . . . . . .

customs house
morning
swamp
stake, pile
anchorage, landing place, pier
long
beach, coast, shore
stake, pile
well, spring
mote, ditch, trench
rise (of tide)
ebb, low tide
high tide
spring tides
the tides
resthouse
sand, sandy- beach
marsh, swamp
mountain range
port, roadstead, anchorage
passage
market town
large fishing-boat
bank, sandhill, dune
landing place, quay, pier
shipping
boat
deep-sea fishing boat

xii

Home

Contents

Index
GLOSSARY

Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . English

Malay / Indonesian . . . . . . . . . . . English

utara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north
utara barat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north-west

wai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river
wetan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . east

waduk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reservoir

THAI
Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

akhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
amphoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ao kwang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

building
provincial town
bay, gulf
bay

ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

house, village (with place name)
lake
church
swamp

ko lek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
krachom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
krapong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
krasae nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kruat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kruat kon yai . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kruay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

islet
beacon
can
current
gravel
shingle

conical

chawak pak nam . . . . . . . . . . . .
chet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chom nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chong khaep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chong kwat laeo . . . . . . . . . . . .
chong thang rua doen . . . . . . . .

estuary
seven
town
submerged
channel, strait
strait, narrows
swept channel
pass, passage

laem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
laem yai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lamtham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
luang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lueng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cape, headland
cape

stream
lower
small
large
yellow

dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dan truat rok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
deng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
din−nieo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
din−say−pong . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
doi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

black
quarantine
red
clay
chalk
high land
hill

mai, mai nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mai lek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
met . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
monthol, monthon . . . . . . . . . .
mu ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mu ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muang tha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

river
number
metre
province, state
village
archipelago
town
port

naew hin phut . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nai, nai−kwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nakhon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nam khun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nam long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nam khun−long . . . . . . . . . . . . .
noen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
noi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nok, nok−kwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nok wit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ridge
inner
city, large town
flood
ebb
tide
hill
little

outer
whistle
one

pa dong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pa mai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
paet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pak nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pan chan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phra−chedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phukhao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phun thi antarai . . . . . . . . . . . .
phun thi ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phun thi khut . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
plong fai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pluak hoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
praphakhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pratu nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

forest
woodland
eight
mouth
mouth of a river
crane
pagoda
mountain
foul ground

prohibited area
dredged area
chimney
shells
fort
lighthouse
lock

radap nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
radap sung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rakhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rua ap pang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rua chuay chiwit . . . . . . . . . . . .

tide
elevation
bell
channel
wreck
lifeboat

fai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . light
fai nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . leading light
fang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shore
ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hardzai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hen dai chat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hin pakarang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hin phut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hlaem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hoioy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hup khao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hyai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

five
prohibited
beach
sand beach
conspicuous
rock
coral
reef
cape, headland
tower
stream
six
valley
great

kao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
keben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khap samut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

khlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khlon rim thale . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khlong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khot hin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khruang mai bon yot . . . . . . . .
khwa mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khwam−luk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khwan−sung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
klom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

old, nine
white
cable
hill, mountain
peninsula
mud
creek
canal, creek
hill
spar
shoal
rock
topmark
starboard hand
depth
height

spherical
island

sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sand, gravel
sai mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . port hand

xiii


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Contents

Index
GLOSSARY

Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

sairen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sanyan mock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sao phuk rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
saphan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
saphan thiap rua . . . . . . . . . . . .
si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si daeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si khao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

si khiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si luang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si nam ngoen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
so−cloke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

siren
three
fog signal
dolphin
bridge
jetty
four
black
red
white
green
yellow
blue
ten
rock
two
nought, zero

thang khao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thi chot rua yai . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thi samo, thia thaot samo . . . . .
thi tun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

thit nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thit tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thit tuan (tawan) ok . . . . . . . . .
thit tuan (tawan) tok . . . . . . . . .
thun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thun fai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thun phuk rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tong koong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tha rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tha rua kham fak . . . . . . . . . . . .
tha thiap rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tha thiap rua yai . . . . . . . . . . . .
thale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thale sap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

low
harbour
ferry
pier
wharf
sea
lake

wa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fathom
wat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . temple

entrance
berth

anchorage
bank
north
south
east
west
buoy
light−buoy
mooring buoy
river bend

u loi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . floating dock
u rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dock
u to rua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shipyard

yai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yot laem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yot sung klong laem . . . . . . . . .

great
top
peak
promontory

CAMBODIAN
Cambodian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Cambodian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

ap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hamlet
au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stream, port

meat (moat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
banteai, banteay . . . . . . . . . . . .
bei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
beng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
boeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
buon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bay
village
fort, fortified place, citadel
three
lake, pond
lake
four

camnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chhak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chhung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chrouy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chrung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bay
bay
cape
cape, point
cape
mouth of river

mouth, estuary
town
point
one

nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river
nui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hill
o, ong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stream

dac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river
dai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stream
dap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ten
giri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mountain

phnom, pnom, phnum . . . . . . .
phra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phum srok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
phumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
poulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pram muy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pram pil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pram bei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pram buon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
prasap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
prasat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
prek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hill, mountain
tower
city, capital, urban centre
village
two
island
five
six
seven
eight
nine
tributary, confluence
tower
stream, river

shrui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
srok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
stoeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cape
river, rapids
canton

river, stream

tahi (keng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tbong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tonle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tranh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
trep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rapids
peak
water
water
large river, lake
village
floating island of reeds
water

hon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . island
kampong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kaoh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
keng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khuon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
koh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
koi (koy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kompong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
komput (kompul) . . . . . . . . . . .
krong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

village on river bank
island
rocks, rapids
village, commune
quay
strait
island
customs house
village
hill
summit
stream

xom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . village

lem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . point

xiv


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Index
GLOSSARY

VIETNAMESE
Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Vietamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

ap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hamlet

nhai thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river port
nui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hill, mountain
nuoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stream

ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ban dao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ben tau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

three
village
peninsula
seven
bay
seaport, harbour
sea, lake
four

inlet

cang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
con . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cu lao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mountain
nine
hill, mountain
island
mouth of river
island

dao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dar, dia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
doi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
duong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

island
river, stream
high hill, cape
ocean, stream

oan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gulf
ong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . steam
phnom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

phum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
puolo, puolu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
prek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

quan dao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . archipelago

giang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . large river
giong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hill
hai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two
hon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . small island
hoang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lake, lagoon
kas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kompong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hill
branch of river, stream
village
island
stream

island
village
strait, canal
village

rach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ranh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

roc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

stream
breaker, reef
canal
canal

sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
so khong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
son, song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
soung, sung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
stoeung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sandbank
six
stream, river
nought, zero
river, stream, channel
island
river

tam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tieu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tong, tot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tranh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eight
shallows, bar of river
under water
reef, coral reef
mountain
woods
village

lach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . canal, channel
lang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . village
luon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . irrigation canal

vam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river mouth
vinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bay, gulf
vung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bay

mot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
muong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . temple

one
ten
cape, point
irrigation canal

xa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xuyen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . five

village
hamlet
stream
river

FRENCH
French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

anse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bay, creek
archipel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . archipelago

falaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cliff

baie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
banc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
barre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
basse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bouche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bay, gulf
bank, sandbank

bar
shoal
mouth of a river
branch of river

cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chenal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
colline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
coude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
coupure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cape, headland
channel
hill
bend
gap, cutting

goulet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . narrow entrance
grand(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . great, large
haut(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . high, height
île . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . island, isle
îlot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . islet
lac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lake
lagune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lagoon
massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mountain range
mont, morne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mountain
mouillage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anchorage

entrée . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . entrance
est . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . east

noir(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . black
nord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . north

xv


Home

Contents

Index
GLOSSARY

French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

ouest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . west

rivière . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . river
roche, rocher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rock

passe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
petit(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
plateau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pointe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
presquî’le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

channel

small
table−land, or flat below water
point
peninsula

sommet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . summit
sud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . south

récif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reef

vert(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . green

CHINESE
This list includes words in both pinyin and Wade−Giles forms of spelling; see 1.71.
Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
an−chiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anjiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ansha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

embankment, bank, shore, coast, cliff
submerged rocks, reef
sunken rock
shoal, sandbank
bay, cove , inlet, dock

feng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mountain, peak
fou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . port
fu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . provincial capital

bandao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

peninsula
north
point, cape
anchorage
village

cao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ch’iao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’ien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’ien−lai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’ien−t’an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ch’ien−tui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’ih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chi−chiang−tao . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cho, chou, chow . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’uan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chuang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chüeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chu−tao, ch’üng−tao . . . . . . . . .
cun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

channel
lock, dam, flood barrier
island
bog, marsh
town, market town
city, walled town
obstruction, ledges in a river
stream, river, head, cape, point,
mountain, seven
cape, bluff
customs barrier
river, shoal, harbour, port, inlet,
channel, sound
channel, strait, sound
creek, rock, reef, shoal, islet, cape,
point
bridge

mountain, peak
shallow, shoal
bank, shoal
bank, shoal
bank
pond
reach
capital city, isthmus, ford, ferry
nine
island, bank, sandbar
stream, river
village
cape, point
middle, centre
archipelago, group of islands
village

da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dao, daozi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
diantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dizui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

big, great
island
patch
top
landspit
east

chia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ch’ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chiang−tao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

erh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two
fangbodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . breakwater

xvi

gang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gangchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gangkou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goajiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
guanchang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

port, harbour, mount, hill
basin
port, harbour
promontory
square

ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
haibin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
haidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hai−hsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
haikou, hai−k’ou . . . . . . . . . . .

hai−pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
haiqu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hai−wan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
haixia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hangdao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hang−lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hangmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hedao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hoi hap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hisin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsü . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hsuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
huang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lower
sea, gulf

beach
sea wall
strait, channel
sea mouth, channel entrance
seashore, beach
sea area
bay, gulf
strait
stream
fairway
fairway
pass navigable to ships
inlet
river
river channel
black
river, waterway
bay, harbour, strait
channel, strait
rear
west, mountain, stream
strait, gorge, lower
rural area, village
small
district, district capital
new
island
eddies
lake
yellow

red

ji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

village, town
headland, point
top, peak
river
point, cape, reef
street
old

kan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kao−chiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kao−jüan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dry, harbour, port
mound, hill, harbour
high
promontory
plateau

Home

Contents

Index
GLOSSARY

Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

kau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kou, k’ou, kow . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sha−ch’iu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan−hu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan−hu−chiao . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan−mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan−sha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shan−tien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sha−tsui, sha−tui . . . . . . . . . . . .
shazhou, shazui . . . . . . . . . . . .
shek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sheung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shi, shih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shih−t’ai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shih−ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shu−lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
shuidao, shui−tao . . . . . . . . . . .
shui−lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
siu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ssu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sand−dune
mountain, hill, island
upper
coral
coral reef
mountain range
bar, sand−bar
mountain summit
small, few
ten

sandy shoal, sand flats
sandbank, sandspit
sandbank, sandspit
stone
deep
province
upper
rock, city, municipality
ridge of rocks
swamp
tree
forest
water, river
channel
channel, passage
temple
small
monastry, temple, four
see hsu
four

ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’ang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’ao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tao−tzu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tautze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tower, great, large
pagoda
big, great, large, see also tui
flat
banks, flats, rapids, lake
village
embankment, pond
island, road, paddy field
bay
islet
cape, point, see also tao
see t’o−tzu
embankment, dyke, earth, ground,
place, low, bottom
arable land, field
fields (paddy)
summit, mountain
stone, rocky eminence
stone, rocky knob, islet
cape, headland, point
see tou
seven
cape, point, spit
village
ferry, ford

village
mound, bank
bank, spit
village
east

ku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ku−k’ou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lanjiangsha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
liedao, lieh−tao . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lieh−yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nine, see also kou
see chiang
see chiao
bridge
headland
mouth, river entrance, port, inlet,
ravine, gulley
valley
ravine
barrier, customs
country, kingdom

liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
luk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

reef, blue
bar
old
gravel, shingle, inner
group of islands
group of rocks
forest
ridge, mountain, mountain range,
nought, zero
stream, current, six
old
road
six

man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
maodi, mao−ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
matou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
miao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

see men
anchorage

wharf, quay, pier, dock
gate, pass, passage, channel, strait
temple
tress, wood, grave
see men

nam, nan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nei−ao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n’i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

south
inner
basin
five
mud

o, ou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see ao
pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pan−tao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p’ao−t;ai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
peng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

piao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p’ing−chou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p’o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
po−ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p’u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

embankment, quay, eight
reef, rock, white
north
see peng
see bandao
town, village, rampart
port
eight
see bei
creek
cape, nose
rock, islet
level shoals
arm of the sea
roadstead, anchorage
village
inlet, creek, village, town, rampart

qian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qiantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qundao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qunjiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

front
shoal, bank
area
archipelago
reefs

sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
san . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
san−chiao−chou . . . . . . . . . . . .
seu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sha−chiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

west
three
three, new, see also shan
delta
see hsu
sandbank, islet, sand, low sandy point
sandspit

t’ien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t’o−tzu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tou, t’ou, t’ou−tzu . . . . . . . . . . .
tow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tsat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tsui, tsui−tzu, tsui−wei . . . . . . .
tsuen, ts’un . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tui−tsui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . grave

xvii

wa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

swamp
outer, walled village
bay, gulf, bend in river
headland, tail, walled town

xi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

west, creek
strait
county
small, little
new


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Index
GLOSSARY

xu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . village
Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English
yuen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . garden, orchard
yunhe, yun−ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . canal

yai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cliff
yan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rock
yang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ocean, enclosed portion of the sea, .
channel
yat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one
yeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . moorland
yen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . embankment, dyke, rock, reef, cliff
yen’t’an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . salt pan
yen−tien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . salt pan

yen−chang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . salt works
yi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two
yu, yü . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . island, islet

zhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zhen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zhong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zhou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zhuang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zui, zuizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zulangdi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

village
mount
town
middle, central
shoal, islet
village
point, spit
breakwater

PORTUGUESE
Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English

baía . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bay
barra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bar

fortaleza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fortress

canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . channel

ponta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . point (of land)

xviii


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NOTES

xix


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98°

Index
99°

Chapter Index Diagram

100°

101°

102°

KRUNG THEP
(BANGKOK)

103°

104°

105°

106°

107°

108°

109°

110°

111°

112°

113°

114°

115°

116°

117°

Continued on
Index 30(b)

THAILAND

13°

13°

3988
Sattahip

12°

2

CAMBODIA

4

V

11°

Kampong
Saom

67

IE

T

N

A

12°

B. de Nha Trang

M

11°

5

HO CHI MINH CITY

GULF OF

10°

So

THAILAND

ng

10°
Sa
iG

4

9°

3987

on

9°

5

4
3542

3986

8°

8°

Prince of Wales Bk
3985

xx

7°

Songkhla

S

O

U

T

H

C

H

I

N

A

S

E

A

2

66

6°

7°

Charlotte Bk

3543

5°
M A L AY

6°
SABAH

5°

3

PENINSULA

4°

BRUNEI
1311

Kuantan Port

Natuna
Eilanden
P. P.
Anambas

3°

4°

NP 31
CHINA SEA PILOT
VOL II

3°

NP 44
MALACCA STRAIT PILOT

S

2°

U

M

A

T

2°

SARAWAK

E

R

A

SINGAPORE

1°

1°

Singapore Strait
1358

0904

98°

99°

China Sea Pilot Vol I

100°

NP 36
INDONESIAN PILOT VOL I

101°

102°

103°

104°

105°

106°

Longitude 108° East from Greenwich 111°

112°

113°

114°

115°

116°

117°

NP 30(a)


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Chapter Index Diagram
106°

107°

108°

109°

110°

111°
H

113°
I

Pei C

C

112°

24°
Hsi Chiang

A
GU

23°

114°

115°

N

3990

Beihai

21°

7

119°

120°

1962

Jie
s hi

KO

NG

NP 32
CHINA SEA
PILOT VOL III

Wa
n

10

9
8 1968

3892

7

118°

121°
25°

24°
ON)
AN T
U (C
HO
Z
NG

HO
NG

HANOI

117°

A

See
Index Chart
NP 30(c)

22°

116°

AN

105°

T'AI-W

104°

hiang

103°
25°

I
TA

1555

W

AN

ST

RA

23°

22°

IT

21°

Pratas I. & Rf.

20°

20°

19°

7
U

V

O

2

18°

F

I

3991

E

TO

T
N

17°

7

Sanya

LF

18°

19°

HAI-NAN TAO

G

xxi

6

N

C
KI

N

H

I

N

A
17°

3988

A

M

Woody I.

3989

S

E

A

Paracel Is.

16°

Da Nang

16°

Macclesfield Bk.

NP 31
CHINA SEA
PILOT VOL II

Triton I.

2

15°

5

LUZON

15°

94

14°

14°
3987

13°

13°

12°

12°

Continued on Index 30(a)

0904

103°

104°

China Sea Pilot Vol I

105°

106°

107°

108°

109°

Longitude 111° East from Greenwich114°

115°

116°

117°

118°

119°

120°

121°

NP 30(b)


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Chapter Index Diagram

113°

114°

30´

ANT
U (C
ZHO
G
AN
GU

115°

30´

ON)

Hua
n

gp

346

u

23°

23°
C

H

I

N

A

344

343

Honghai Wan

Daya Wan

Sanzhou Ao

8
Mirs Bay

o

ZH
UJ

xxii

30´

Daxingshan Jiao

10

YANTIAN

30´

IAN

Shekou
Tuoning Liedao

G

K

4128

ON
LO
W
O

341

Zhenyantou

343
tau

Lan

10

HONG
KONG

nd

Isla

1372

MACAU
Lamma
Island

8

9
nga
Da

22°
Wanshan
Qundao
Gaolan
Liedao

7
0904

113°
China Sea Pilot Vol I

3026

30´

8

ieda
nL

o

937

22°
341

Jiapeng
Liedao

Longitude 114° East from Greenwich

30´

115°

NP 30(c)

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LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION
While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its
hydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and
(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition
of the international validity of the law or regulation.

CHINA SEA PILOT
VOLUME 1
______________________________
CHAPTER 1
NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS
COUNTRIES AND PORTS
NATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS
Chart 4508

LIMITS OF THE BOOK
1

2

1.1

This volume contains Sailing Directions for the coastal
waters and islands in the W part of the South China Sea
and for the sea area within the limits defined below:
From 1°34′N, 104°15′E, a position on the coast of
Malaysia at the E end of the Singapore Strait,
thence N along:
The E coasts of Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam and the S coast of China to Zhelang Jiao
(22°39′N, 115°34′E), thence SE to:
20°00′N, 119°00′E, thence SW to:
8°30′N, 111°00′E, thence S to:
7°00′N, 111°00′E, thence SW to:
4°30′N, 107°00′E, thence S to:
2°50′N, 107°00′E, thence SW to:
1°34′N, 104°34′E, thence W to:
The Malaysian coast.

2

3

Piracy

NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDS

1

Navigation amongst coral
1

1.2
Coral reefs are encountered in certain regions covered
by this volume; attention is drawn to the section under
‘Coral’ to be found in The Mariner’s Handbook.

Former mined areas
1

Appendix I and are referred to within the text of the
relevant chapters.
Mine risks. The danger to surface ships from mines laid
during the 1939−45 war is decreasing as the detonating
mechanisms, triggered in nearly all cases by a ship’s
magnetic field or by its machinery noise, become
inoperative after many years. The risk to surface navigation
from these mines is now considered no greater than normal
navigational hazards. However, such mines continue to
constitute a risk to ships anchoring, trawling or carrying
out sea-bed operations and indeed, the explosive in the
mines becomes more unstable with age. See also Annual
Notice to Mariners No 6.
Navigational risks. The existence of minefields has
inhibited hydrographic surveying in them, and outside the
swept routes there may be many uncharted wrecks and
isolated shoals especially dangerous to deep-draught
vessels.

1.3
Certain areas within the limits of this volume in which
mines are known to have been laid during the 1939–45 war

have not been swept. Further extensive areas dangerous
owing to mines laid during hostilities in Vietnamese waters,
between 1963−73 exist; the details of many of these areas
are not known. Details of the known areas are given in

2

1

1.4
Attacks on vessels by armed thieves in the South China
Sea can take place in international waters as piracy, or,
more commonly, as armed robbery in the territorial waters
of a coastal state. These attacks are usually made from fast
motor boats approaching from astern. Laden vessels with
low freeboard are particularly vulnerable. However vessels
with a high freeboard and travelling in excess of 17 kn
have been boarded. Attacks usually take place under cover
of darkness, most often between 0100 and 0600.
Reports by the International Maritime Bureau indicate
that while the incidence of reported piracy and armed
robbery within the area covered by this volume is low, and
that most cases occurred while berthed or at anchor, it
remains high in adjacent areas. The areas most prone to
attacks are in the vicinity of the Vietnamese ports of


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CHAPTER 1

3

long line fishing are carried out so that operations continue
for most of the year. If the region is divided into three
sub-regions, then fishing is carried out as follows:

Haiphong, Saigon Port (Ho Chi Minh City) and Vung Tau.
Foiled attempts were invariably attributed to alert crews
taking the recommended countermeasures.
A Piracy Reporting Centre at Kuala Lumpur operates for
the SE Asian region. It is able to receive reports from
vessels about piracy attacks, and advise of danger areas
within the region. See section on ‘Piracy and Armed
Robbery’ towards the end of Admiralty List of Radio
Signals Volume 1.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Area

Method

Period

E of Hainan Dao

Long line
Trawling

January to May
November to May

Central region
(W of Pratas Reef)

Long line
Trawling
100 m
50 m

May to August
November to May
February to March
June to October

SE of Hong Kong

Long line
Trawling

September to April
November to March

High speed craft
1

1.5
High speed craft operate in the Zhujiang Kou area
between Hong Kong, Macau, Shekou and ports on the
Zhujiang (Chapters 8 and 9). Mariners are advised to
maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft may
generate large waves, which can have a serious impact on
small craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on
shallow off-lying banks. For further details, see Annual
Notice to Mariners No 23.

5

6

Fishing
1

2

3

4

1.6
General remarks. Fishing is a major industry and one
of the main sources of food in many countries bordering
the South China Sea. For many years, owing to primitive
craft and equipment, the fishing grounds have been
confined to the shallow and comparatively sheltered waters
near the coast. With the progressive modernisation of the

fishing industry in SE Asia, fishing grounds have been
extended. Trawling is a significant development in these
open-sea operations.
Fish are abundant, with little evidence of fish migration,
but certain grounds have seasonal fishing owing to their
exposure to the NE and SW monsoons.
Peninsular Malaysia. All coastal regions off the E coast
of Peninsular Malaysia may be considered potential fishing
grounds, the main fishing port being Terengganu (3.139).
Palisade traps, seine and drift nets, lines, lures and bottom
trawls are used. Sizes of craft vary from rowing or sailing
boats, 3 m in length, to power-driven craft 15 m in length.
In coastal waters the fishing fleet may number from three
to fifty vessels, with net and line fishing out to the 10 m
line, and trawling in deeper waters. The coastal waters of E
coast of Peninsular Malaysia are subjected to the full force
of the NE monsoon and this greatly reduces fishing
between the months of November and March.
Gulf of Thailand. In the Gulf of Thailand fishing is
carried out in a coastal belt extending to the 40 m line.
Krung Thep (Bangkok) is the main fishing port. Fishing is
carried out, mainly by night, with pair trawling using otter
trawls to depths of 30 m and net and line fishing to depths
of 20 m. The fishing seasons are dictated by weather, thus
during the NE monsoon (November to March), the E side
of the Gulf is fished and during the SW monsoon, the W
side.
South China Sea — Northern part. In the N half of
the South China Sea, as in the S, the fishing is confined
mainly to the shelf regions and there is little activity in the

deeper waters off the shelf. Little is known of fishing
operations along the Vietnamese coast, but as fishing is an
important industry, there is little doubt that vessels will be
active in these waters. On the coastal shelf of SE China,
the fishing grounds extend from Hainan Dao in a NE
direction. Within the 100 m depth contour, trawling and

1

2

1

The region is fished mainly by vessels from Hong Kong,
but visits are made by vessels from the Philippines. At
Hong Kong, there are about 10 000 vessels engaged in
fishing, and while many undertake only limited day to day
inshore operations, a great percentage do operate in
offshore regions.
Sizeable fleets of fishing junks may be met off the coast
of China. As a rule the junks have their smallest sail
forward. Large trading junks have five masts, with two
small sails aft. Chinese junks do not carry the regulation
lights.
1.7
Fishing stakes. On most banks fronting the shores, and
probably off many parts of the coasts mentioned in this
volume, particularly off the mouths of rivers, fishing stakes
and enclosures will be met in depths of 5 to 10 m
(16 to 33 ft) and in some cases greater depths. These

enclosures are constructed of trees firmly driven into the
banks, and interlaced with branches, etc, and form a
considerable danger to vessels navigating at night in the
depths mentioned above. They last many years, and to
those with local knowledge are good landmarks.
Recent Admiralty charts may show only a caution, to
the effect that fishing stakes are liable to be encountered
and that their positions are frequently altered. The absence
of fishing stake symbols from charts does not, therefore,
imply that they do not exist.
1.8
Marine farms. An increasing number of marine farms
and enclosures may be encountered in many bays and other
inshore coastal areas of the region, particularly in the Gulf
of Thailand. These are charted where known.
Fish aggregating devices have been moored at a
number of places off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia in
depths of up to 30 m. They are marked by buoys (special).
Mariners should keep well clear.

Submarine exercise areas
1

1.9
Submarine exercise areas exist in the SW part of the
South China Sea; see 2.4 and 3.12.

Marine exploitation
1

2

1.10
Drilling rigs. Floating or fixed drilling rigs may be
encountered in some of the waters covered by this volume,
especially off the E coast of Peninsular Malaysia, in the
Gulf of Thailand, off the SE coast of Vietnam and in some
areas off the S coast of China. Buoys and light-buoys
associated with drilling operations are frequently laid in the
vicinity of rigs. The position of rigs and buoys are subject
to frequent change and where known are promulgated by
NAVAREA XI radio navigational warning messages (1.20).
Permanent platforms, structures and buoys are charted.