Hướng dẫn viết khoá luận tiếng Anh

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Terminators Group

Technical writing is the style of business memos, professional reports, and
scientific journal articles.


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Terminators Group

Trần Thu Trang
Trịnh Thi Thu Trang
Đỗ Thị Ngọc Bích
Enkhbayar Batsukh
Đặng Minh Sơn
Nguyễn Vân Anh
Vũ Bích Ngọc
Trần Thị Huế
Vũ Tuấn Tài
Phan Lâm Tùng
Nguyễn Quang Văn

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* Formal
* Use of interviews and quotations varies considerably by
field
* Conveys facts
* Indicate the likely results of particular works shop.

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1.
2.
3.
4.

The Introduction
The body of the work
The conclusion
The literature – cited section


* Introduction
A transition toward the main body of the document. It should
take an uninformed reader from a level of zero-knowledge to a level in
which the reader is able to understand the main body of the
document.


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Using techniques such as dialogue, flashback,
description, inner thoughts, and jumping right
into the action.


* Follow the Outline

* Use Heading & Subheadings
* Structure brief & concise paragraphs

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* The conclusion should be a paragraph, maybe
two, that attempts to synthesize the content
and broaden the scope of your essay.
* A good Conclusion logically follow the
Introduction.

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Bibliography
A listing of books and articles you have used, or consulted, for
methodological issues.
References
A listing of books and articles you have used, or consulted, for
methodological and non-methodological issues.
Must follow the Harvard Referencing Style
/>

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1. General
2. in-text citations
3. Footnotes
4. Literature- cited citations

5. Scientific names
6. Common names


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Double-space papers
Use 12 point, Times - Roman font
Use pagination ( the cover page isn’t paginated )
Use headings and subheadings


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•

For one author:
“blah blah” (Smith 1980)
“blah blah”( U.S Forest Service 2000)
blah blah (Weirdwebsitebusiness, Inc.2003)
blah blah (Weirdsiteowner, Inc.nd)

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For two authors:
blah blah(Smith and Jones 1980)

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For more authors :
blah blah(Smith et al. 1980)

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For an organization or agency, use abbreviation and year:
NRDC 2004, EPA 2001

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For a lesser known organization, name and the year:
Sycamore land Trust 2003

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Many citations:
(Smith 1980, Jones et al.1985, Joaquin 1993)


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Same author:
(Smith 1980,1982; Jones 1984; Jones et al 1985, Joaquin 1995, 1997)

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Multiple citation for an author in the same year:
(Smith et al. 1990a, 1990b)

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For quotations: in natural science, quotations are used

rarely. When using, note page (Smith 1990, p.976).

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If quoting from website, certainly that it has the URL


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Not typical used in the natural science, but used commonly in social sciences
and in law


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Journals
Books
Chapters or sections in books
Authored agency document

Agency-authored document
For web publications

References within a reference
Many references within a reference


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Italics or underlined

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The first letter of the genus is capitalized

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Always spell out the entire name.

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If don’t know precisely: use sp. (one species),

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Abbreviations are not italicized : Typha spp.

E.g., Oxyloma haydeni - may abbreviate by O. haydeni

spp. (several species)


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•

Default style is as an unbiased, technical professional, but not stiff

•

Use - concise, accurate, writing; good explanatory flow

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Avoid:

colloquialism
anthropomorphism
content - free sentences
quantity-free or direction-free words
cosmic filler
excessive quoting
intrusive writer
using names of references
closing


*
Photo:
searchterm
.com

Photo:
testfail.co
m

Photo:
Canstock.com

Photo:
benlocker.com

.uk


* Grammar check:

i.e., maintain tense of sentences within a paragraph;
spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence;
subject-verb agreement

* DO cite site sight
* DO proofreading
* DO check parallel construction
* DO use active construction

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* Bolding: Headers
* Italic: Scientific names
* Punctuation: semi-colon and colon, i.e.,
e.g., et al.

* Capitalization: only for PROPER NOUNS


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* DON’T start the sentence and paragraph with “there”,
“this”, “that”, ”these”
* DON’T use “it is obvious/ clear that…”
* DON’T use “nearly”, “almost”, etc. Be precise.

* DON’T use verbs that recently were nouns: impact,
update,…
* DON’T be wordy.