Factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in bac liêu

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CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF FISHERIES ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT
IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND RESEARCH ISSUES OF THE THESIS
1.1 Introduction
In Vietnam, as in many other developing countries, enterprises play an important role in
economic and social development of the country. With a view of enterprises development as a long
term strategy, consistency and transparency in the government’s action program, enterprises
development policies are considered to contribute to enhance competitiveness, which play an
important role in jobs offering, poverty reduction and social welfare work implementation. Currently,
most of enterprises in Vietnam are of small and medium-sized enterprises accounting for over 97% of
enterprises in the whole country (Department of Business Development, the Ministry of Planning and
Investment, 2011).
Thus, considering the nature and the factors affecting sustainable development is now a
research problem of the thesis. First, assess the overall situation of the fisheries enterprises
development in Bac Lieu and draw a number of reasons, limitation of fisheries enterprises
development; Second, learn some of the issues of research, gaps of research, research objectives and
research questions, research methods; Finally, discuss the results, new contribution and structure of the
thesis.
1.2 The urgency and gaps of the research
Vietnamese seafood enterprises play an important role in the economic development of the
country. The size of the fisheries business is expanding and its role has increased constantly in the
national economy. Fisheries business is a particular sector from production, processing and export
sectors including activities of industrial properties, agricultural, trade and services, structured into a
unified system closely related to each other.
Currently, there are many research projects related to sustainable development typically, Kris
Law (2010) brings research results of factors affecting sustainable development: The technology
company having high production in Taiwan shows that companies producing high technology promote
positive recognition of the impact of sustainable development factors from management, internal and
external factors. However, according to Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), the
integration of sustainable business linkages between external influences and decisive progress towards

sustainable development allows organizations of internal restrictions, sustainability practices and
performance. By 2013, a typical research project on sustainable development of small and medium
enterprises in regional Australia: A framework for analysis, the results of resolving the relationship
between the sustainable development of enterprises from internal and external factors (Parisa
Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak, 2013), is considered as one of the
most basic theoretical framework that the authors have studied in the past. This framework is not
concerned about the enterprise’s responsibility of products, the prevention of pollution within the
enterprise, and this framework is not interested in market factors and social welfare of the enterprise,
business enterprises are responsible to the communities in which businesses are operating.
Therefore, the results of research solve some problems of limited theoretical framework and
improve the operation of businesses towards sustainable development. The need for a theoretical
framework analysis of factors affect the sustainable development of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry


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Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and must be added to the model of sustainable
development theory and application of this test model in a specific local area in the Mekong delta. It is
also a gap of theoretical framework needed to invest in research, and the integration with development
situation analysis fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu has drawn elements to characterize fisheries
enterprises, and consistent with the theoretical framework of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos
and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013).
1.3 Overview of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu
1.3.1 The development of the fisheries enterprises
The area of exports seafood processing enterprises is the main force of Bac Lieu Province.
The number of this enterprises sector accounts for 16.6% compared to the total number of provincial
enterprises in 2013 with 1,318 enterprises. Therefore, the Bac Lieu provincial governments are
interested in supporting for the activities of the fisheries.
1.3.2 Contribution situation of fisheries enterprises on social and economic development in Bac
Lieu
1.3.2.1 Enterprises’ export seafood production

According to the Seafood Production Association of Vietnam (VASEP), 2013, the total
seafood export turnover in Vietnam is estimated at $ 6.5 billion. In some local areas, there is the
number of large shrimp processing factories in the country such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, ...
Shrimp exports have more positive changes. Exports production of Bac Lieu Province has two major
commodities such as rice and frozen seafood. That shows a steady increase over the years, the export
volume in 2009 reached 90.340 tons, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 20.340
tons; 105.861 tons of export volume in 2013, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached
35.515 tons.
1.3.2.2 Enterprises’ seafood export value
In recent years, the economic experts have identified as the year in which the seafood
processing business have more difficulties, not only on capital, interest rates, but also the challenges of
processing ingredients. However, seafood exports account for a very high percentage compared to
agricultural products, expressed the value of exports increased steadily as in 2009, seafood export
business increased to 151.680.000 USD in 2013, amounted to 376.512.000 USD (table 1.3).
1.3.3 The causes of fisheries enterprises development limitation in Bac Lieu
On the basis of overview evaluation of seafood business development in Bac Lieu province, it
draws some reason and limitations such as customer elements; market trend; lack of stakeholder
needs; policy issues of state support; social security issues; workforce; The manager/owner; Product
liability; environmental pollution prevention; fisheries enterprise development in Bac Lieu.
1.4 Research issues of the thesis
Sustainable development is a fundamental concept in business management through its
association with a competitive advantage. Significant progress has been made in this field in recent
years, including the move from a narrow definition of sustainability of competitive advantage based
on economic performance superior to a recognized the importance of making a connection with the
economic impact, social and business environment (Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010). This has been
debated from the perspective of sustainable development theory from the business stakeholders, which


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defines the main purpose and objective of the business as part of a network of stakeholders affected by

the setting and the business objectives (Freeman, 1984).
However, today, there are many scientific research projects in the field of sustainable
development of enterprises. Nevertheless, the author will expand new research as looking at the
factors affecting sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development is now a new problem
in Vietnam and in relation to the scale, production and business areas of the business should be very
broad, it needs a more in-depth research and narrows at each production and business sectors, research
student choose the topic "the factors affecting the sustainable development of Bac Lieu fisheries
enterprises" to do his doctoral thesis.
1.4.1 Research objectives and research questions
- Research objectives: (1) Identify the factors that affect the sustainable development of
enterprises; (2) Determine the theoretical models and test models for sustainable development of
enterprises; (3) Determine the implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac
Lieu
- Research questions: To address the research objectives, the thesis was done by answering the
following research questions: (1) Considering the factors affecting sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises? (2) What is the appropriate theoretical model for the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu? (3) What factors should fisheries enterprises concern for sustainable
development?
1.4.2 The scope and objects of the research
- The research scope of the thesis was seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac
Lieu.
- The objects of the dissertation research are inside and outside elements affecting sustainable
development of seafood enterprises in Bac Lieu province.
- The respondents are managers of the seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac
Lieu.
1.4.3 Research Methodology
1.4.3.1 The basis of data collection
The thesis uses primary and secondary data sources to serve the research process.
1.4.3.2 Research Methodology
The methodology used in this thesis is combined with qualitative and quantitative methods.

1.5 The results discussion and new contributions of the thesis
- The new contributions for social security elements are added to the group of factors outside
the enterprise, to expand social security from the perspective of the concept into sustainable
development scale.
- Discover new inside and outside elements impact directly to the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises. These elements can serve as a basis for research topics related to sustainable
development of enterprises operating in each different business areas.
- The thesis has practical contribution to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises,
through the implications for sustainable development of aquaculture enterprises Bac Lieu province in
line with research findings.


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- The results of the thesis are used as references for researchers in the field of sustainable
development of enterprises in many different fields in Vietnam.
1.6 The structure of the thesis
This thesis is divided into 5 chapters with the main content of each chapter as follows: Chapter
1: Overview situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and research issues of the
thesis. Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations and proposed theoretical model of sustainable development
for businesses. Chapter 3: Study design. Chapter 4: Results of the study. Chapter 5: Conclusions and
implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu.
CHAPTER 2
THEORY AND THEORY MODEL FOR FISHERIES ENTERPRISES SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU
2.1 Introduction
In Chapter 2, the graduate student facilities system-related theories of enterprises sustainable
development to establish a theoretical model for research proposal.
2.2 The concept of sustainable development
The concept of sustainable development was popularized in 1987 by the Brundtland
Commission's Report on the World Comission of Environment and Development - WCED (now

known as the Brundtland Commission). This report concepts: sustainable development as
"development can meet the current needs without compromising, harming the ability to meet the needs
of future generations". The concept of sustainable development is approached foreign and domestic
shows sustainable development concept at the macro level of a country, specifically table below
Table: Comparison of traditional development and sustainable development at the macro level
Explanation
Traditional development
Sustainable development
Long-term and stable development needs
to solve 3 main problems:
- Economic sustainable
development
- Social sustainable development
- Environmental sustainable development

Objectives

- Economic efficiency
- Appropriate technology
- To fully exploit the resources

Effectiveness

- Environmental degradation and - Stable economic growth
depletion
- Environmental protection
- Gaps between the rich and poor, - Social justice
segregation in education

Source: compiled from research by Valentine and Spangenberg (2000), McWilliams & Siegel

(2001), Becker (2005) and Le World et al (2010), Nguyen Ngoc Tran (2011), Nguyen Sinh Cuc (2012).
In short, in view of the authors recommend: sustainable development is scientific and
sustainable development activities not only focus on economic efficiency that contribute to
environmental protection, solving economic harmony towards a new social and sustainable
development. From the concept of sustainable development at the macro level and consistent business
principles of sustainable development, we aim to learn the concept of sustainable development at the
micro level of the enterprises.
2.3 The principles of sustainable development concept in line with the sustainable development
of enterprises


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Enterprises increasingly contribute very significantly to the sustainable development of
society for many decades, efforts to achieve sustainable development can be seen even on the micro
level businesses, once the business has decided to sustainable development than pure profit, now refers
to business efficiency not only in terms of service, product production and profits , but also the effects
on the human social aspects (Lilia Dvorakova, Jitka Zborkova, 2014). Hence, it is necessary to make a
change in the traditional approach switch to approach sustainable development trends. Since then,
research students learn concepts towards sustainable development of enterprises.
2.4 The concept of sustainable development of enterprises
Generalizing some concepts of enterprise development and towards the concept of sustainable
development is now reflected in the following:
First, the concept of enterprises development
Atiqur Rahman Khan (2004) suggests that enterprise development is affecting the growth of
the business: lack of skills at all levels, lack of industrial organization, the limited size of the market
and low speed growth, lack of proper and constructive policies, poor technological level.
Jahangir Khan H. (2012) The development of enterprises is the approach combining elements
including: business, financial support, appropriate policy and institutional linkages, appropriate
technologies and relationships market/demand for the product.
Second, the concept of sustainable development of enterprises

According to Richard N. Andrews (2003), "A sustainable business is a business that adds
value for shareholders by contributing more than competitors and become the criteria for a sustainable
business. Contribution to sustainable development from the economic component elements, provide
and improve. "According to Bradley D. Parrish (2005); Sustainable development can now be defined
as an organization that contributes to sustainable development, where "sustainability" is understood as
a human future and "development" is understood as a quality improvement in the human condition. As
Jim says Schorr (2006), Parrish (2007), QU Feng Geng (2007); Kris Law (2010) study of factors
affecting the sustainable development of high-tech producing companies in Taiwan. Kent Fairfield,
Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011); Integrated concept of sustainable development is now the link
between external influences and internal limitations, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing
basic organization, sustainable and efficient practices. The Dow Jones Sustainability World (DJSI) of
Acharya & SUDIPTA Prabodha C. Das (2013); Sustainable development is the ability of the business
to prosper in a global business environment and changing super competitive. Research of Parisa
Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) also provides the theoretical
model of sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Australia, resulting in
groups of two internal and external factors.
Thus, in contrast to the narrow views, the views of traditional enterprise development
describes the relationship of input - output linear focused solely on maximizing short-term economic
value, appeared a new approach to integrate sustainable development now have a more comprehensive
and long-term view. Sustainable development can now act as a tool to facilitate the the traditional to
the modern transformation.
Table 2.2: Comparison of traditional enterprise development and sustainable
development of enterprises


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Explanation

Objectives

Effectiveness

Traditional enterprises
development
- To fully exploit the resources
- Business performance
- Final profit
- Business efficiency is final
- Profit is the main

Sustainable enterprises development
- Sustainability is the ultimate goal of
enterprise development
- Social Responsibility
- Responsibility for the environment
- Stable and sustainable growth
- Protecting the environment
- Social Community is concerned

Source: compiled from research Khan Atiqur Rahman (2004), Jahangir Khan H. (2012) and
Richard N. Andrews (2003), Bradley D. Parrish (2005), Parrish (2007), Kris Law (2010), Kent
Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and
Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013).
In view of the fellows on sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise, it is
recommended as follows: "Sustainable development is the ability to solve business relationships by
environmental internal and external factors affecting corporate sustainable development ". It is aimed
to apply the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise in the research
field of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province.
2.5 The approach of theoretical models for enterprises sustainable development
From relationships to balance the theoretical model of sustainable development, it is drawn

from three theoretical models of sustainable development as follows.
2.5.1 The theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of high technology
producing enterprises in Taiwan
Kris Law (2010) proposes theoretical models and research results of factors affecting the
sustainable development of the enterprise: The high technology producing enterprise in Taiwan. The
results show that high technology producing companies promote positive recognition of the factors
affecting the sustainable development of management, internal and external enterprise while
management / business owners feel the level of sustainable development at a reasonable level.
However, this theoretical model focuses on the study of high-tech enterprises in Taiwan, if
applying this model to study the regional businesses in the Mekong Delta or in a local business in the
area is not suitable. By enterprises in the provinces in the region concentrate production, sales of some
products of seafood processing for export, ... When applying theoretical models of sustainable
development production high technology enterprises in Taiwan will not be suitable for sustainable
development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province. However, some internal and external factors
can fit to study sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province. Thus, the study
aims to learn theoretical models.
5.2.2 Unified theoretical model of the performance of the organization affecting the enterprises
sustainable development
Studies and recommendations on theoretical models of Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott
Behson (2011) has studied inheritance pattern of Joel Harmon (2009) to extend the theoretical model
"Implementation of the organization affects corporate sustainable development: an integrated model ".
Integrating sustainable business linkages between enterprises influences, the drivers decided to
sustainability, allowing basic organization, the limited internal (within the enterprise), methods
sustainability and sustainable development performance businesses.


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The research results of the integrated model of sustainable development now appears to extend
what previous researchers have done, by gathering mostly different theory and results achieved
connections related to sustainable development premise enterprise. In particular, theoretical models

help us see more clearly the direct impact of indirect general and the implementation of sustainable
development practices affecting businesses from the internal and external factors. In addition, this
model is studied theory focuses primarily from multinational companies, transnational companies and
large US companies. When given the size, level of development in the US will now far differ to the
size and level of development in Vietnam now, businesses in Vietnam are mostly the kind of small and
medium enterprises accounted for over 97% (Department of business Development, the Ministry of
Planning and Investment, 2011).
If applying unified theoretical model in the performance of the organization affecting the
sustainable development of business in the US to study business in Vietnam, it will find many risks, in
appropriation of scale and business development level. Next Fellows outlining theoretical models will
use research and development into sustainable fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu.
5.2.3 The theoretical model for sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in
regional Australia
First, learning the theoretical models studied by Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and
Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical framework for research "Sustainable
development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: An area framework", the result of
two factors groups: internal and external factors. Theoretical model of sustainable development in
small and medium enterprises in regional Australia is considered the model of sustainable
development theory now more complete and consistent development of business situation as in
Vietnam, the majority of business small and medium enterprises in Vietnam accounted for over 97%,
also better suited than Kris theoretical models of MY Law (2010) and Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon &
Scott Behson (2011). This model approach is also seen as models of research platforms in the thesis,
but Fellows had inherited factors, adjustments and new additions from theoretical models of Parisa
Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013).
Overall, three theoretical models and testing model results above related to sustainable
development enterprise, drawing some comments from the problems related to the impact factors and
the relationship to sustainable development for businesses as the basis for further studies.
Summary table approach factors affecting the sustainable development of enterprises.
Authors
F1

F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F8
F9
Robert, Hart (1995)


Jun Ma (2012), Kris



Law (2010)
Kent, Joel, Scott




(2011)
Joel Harmon (2009)


Lou, Helmut (2013)

Parisa, Jerry and







Raveendranath
(2013)
Source: research synthesis of the author


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Note: factor 1 (Customer), factor 2 (Market Trends), factor 3 (Lack of stakeholders needs),
factor 4 (State support policy), factor 5 (social security), factor 6 (workforce), factor 7 (manager /
owner), factor 8 (product liability), factor 9 (environmental pollution prevention).
2.6 The proposed theoretical model formation for sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises in Bac Lieu
The theoretical model aims to evaluate the internal and external factors having impact on
enterprises sustainable development. There are only three theoretical models, Kris Law (2010) and
Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) with experimental studies, and theoretical models
Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) that is not working
empirically. In fact, if you use the available theoretical models to find hidden risk, due to the
development of different markets.
But overall, the theoretical model of sustainable development in small and medium enterprises
in regional Australia to apply to study Vietnam business type is appropriate, most types of small and
medium enterprises in Vietnam are accounted for over 97%.
Therefore, the application of theoretical models Salimzadeh Parisa, Jerry Courvisanos and
Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) into Vietnam market, namely Bac Lieu need qualitative research of
internal and external factors of enterprises, while eliminating some inappropriate factors and adjust,
supplement a number of factors to suit local research. This will be the content of the proposed
theoretical model studies. Theoretical models grouped from internal and external factors will impact

on sustainable development of fishery enterprise in Bac Lieu Province, expressing the concepts related
to two groups of attribute internal and external factors (model).
F1
Customer

F2
Market trends

F3
Lack of stakeholder
needs nee

F4
State support policy

F5
Social security

INTERNAL FACTORS

Fisheries enterprises
sustainable development

EXTERNAL FACTORS

F6
Workforce

F7
Manager/Owner

F8
Product liability

F9
Environmental pollution
prevention

Model: Proposed theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu
2.6.1 External factors of enterprises
The hypothesis that external factors have direct impact on sustainable development to specific
businesses:
Hypothesis H1: Customer factor has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises


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Hypothesis H2: Market trends have a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable
development
Hypothesis H3: Lack of stakeholder needs has a positive impact relationship to fisheries
enterprises sustainable development
Hypothesis H4: Policies to support state haspositive impact on sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises
Hypothesis H5: Social Security has a positive impact relationship to fisheries enterprises
sustainable development.
2.6.2 Internal factors of enterprises
The hypothesis that the internal elements have relationships of directly impact on specific
enterprises sustainable development:
Hypothesis H6: The workforce has a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable

development
Hypothesis H7: The manager/owner has positive impact on sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises
Hypothesis H8: Product Liability has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises
Hypothesis H9: Prevention of pollution have positive working relationship to develop
sustainable fisheries enterprises
2.6.3 Elements of enterprises sustainable development
According to Maurizio Zollo (2013), it provides a general theoretical framework of
sustainable business innovation model. However, Lou Tessier, Helmut Schwarzer (2013) make the
policy instrument of sustainable development through improved business environment and territorial
as starting from the perspective of continuous improvement in working conditions and working
environment, directly affect the health of employees and the impact on local residents. Parisa
Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical
framework that analyzes the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises: An analytical
framework of internal and external factors. Sustainable development is now with the involvement of
regional communities, the natural environment.
Based on the study and the theoretical framework, a theoretical framework is developed which
shows the internal and external factors defined relationships affecting sustainable development and
fisheries business field in Bac Lieu province.
2.7 Conclusion
On the basis of forming the theoretical model domestic and foreign researches related to the
sustainable development of enterprises. From the concepts, theoretical framework establishes
relationship factors that measure the extent of the impact of the independent variables on the
dependent variable in order to select appropriate models for the sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises in the province Bac Lieu. The next chapter will present 3 content research methods, using
qualitative methods combining with quantitative methods in order to clarify the research objectives of
the thesis.

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Chapter 3
STUDY DESIGN
3.1 Introduction
Chapter 3 describes an overview of the research methods of the thesis, sets out the options and
arguments for the selection of appropriate research methods to set goals, plan to collect secondary and
primary data.
3.2 Study Design
According to Zikmund (2000) and Blaikie (2003), researchers have explained that it may take
time for a quantitative method; A general consensus was formed recently that studies using qualitative
methods in combination with quantitative and mixed approach provides stronger more useful results
(Cavana et al 2001; Creswell, 2003; Hair et al, 2006). Also, Saunders (2000) and Zikmund (2000)
suggested that the qualitative and quantitative indicators can complement each other if applied
effectively and to enrich the data collected, especially in new research areas. The issue here is to
understand the new research area of the thesis as the intersection between economic development and
business administration, as the case study of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises of Bac Lieu.
3.2.1 Qualitative methods
3.2.1.1 Process of qualitative methods
- Firstly; Research bases on secondary information sources through published study inside and
outside the country.
- Secondly; Fellows have conducted discussion with 12 people respectively corporate
management team to explore the internal and external factors affecting fishery business sustainable
development, the data collected that overlap of 60% or higher are selected.
3.2.1.2 Qualitative Findings
Research results by interview, in addition to the assessment also allows the study to open up
new aspects of the problem (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe & Lowe, 1991). The interview of this thesis aims
to find out the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu
(Appendix 1). Detailed results are presented in the table below.
The result of the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

Groups of factors
Assessment
% agreement
results
level
1. External factors
1) Customers
11/12
92%
2) Market trend
10/12
83%
3) Lack of stakeholder needs
10/12
83%
4) State support policy
9/12
75%
5) Social security
8/12
67%
2. Internal factors
1) Workforce
11/12
92%
2) Owner
10/12
83%
3) Product responsibility
9/12

75%
4) Environmental pollution prevention
8/12
67%
Source: research results of the author
Overall, results of information collected are diverse and meet the necessary requirements for
the formal quantitative research.


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3.2.2 Quantitative Approach
The method involves quantitative data analysis to examine the objectivity and accuracy of the
evidence (Zikmund, 2000; Cavan et al, 2001; Creswell, 2003).
3.2.2.1 The design and sample size
Issues that the represent the sample are the sample design and sample size (Zikmund, 2000;
Cavana et al, 2001). Measurement model includes 39 observed variables, according to (Hair & CTG,
1998), sample size n = 195 is necessary (39 x 5). To achieve the proposed sample size of 230, the
author released survey directly to the interview, the results of 227 samples are used officially.
3.2.2.2 Development of questions
Qualitative research results from the construction of the scale, since there is a question as a
means of communication for data collection; including a set of written questions to the respondents,
the design of the questions is one of the important stages of the survey process (Zikmund, 2000) so
that respondents can answer the questions easier and to encrypt questions, tabulation and interpretation
(Cavana et al., 2001). From the above facts, the language used in the questions is simple and questions
have been provided by the language matching the suitable language of the respondents.
3.2.2.3 Design of Questionnaire
The questionnaire was designed with a total of 39 questions and is divided into 10 elements; in
which 9 elements are independent, and 1 element is the independent variable. This study was selected
to measure attitude as Likert scale, rated each item scale, Likert scale is the most popular among the
scale and is designed to test the rate reported on a scale of 5 to 7 points (Cavana et al, 2001; Creswell,

2003). Likert scale used in this study questionnaire was chosen as 5 points.
3.2.2.4 Data Analysis
Once the data has been edited, coded and entered into SPSS software, data analysis was done.
Analysis is the application of theory to understand and interpret the data collected in the study
(Zikmund, 2000). The techniques used to analyze the data in the study of the thesis is described:
Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Cronbach's alpha, denoted α); EFA factor analysis; a multiple regression
analysis.
3.3 Construction Scale
Based on the original scale of the theoretical model was tested previously, adjustments, new
additions and combined with qualitative research results (Appendix 2), on the basis that measures the
impact of independent variables on the dependent variable (sustainable development fisheries
enterprises in Bac Lieu.
In fact, these variables is often interrupted and a multiple regression model can match the
intervals scale, to measure the level of 5 or more points. The observed variations of this scale are
measured by the 5 point Likert scale. Among them: (1) Fully objections; (2) Objections; (3) The
capacity; (4) Agreement and (5) Total agreement.
3.3.1 Scale of external factors
- Customer
- Market Trends
- Lack of stakeholder needs
- Policies of state support
- Social Security


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3.3.2 Scale of internal factors
- Workforce (employees)
- The manager (owner)
- Product Liability
- Prevention of Environmental Pollution

3.3.3 Scale of seafood business sustainable Development
From the results of qualitative research (Appendix 2), the sustainable development factors of
seafood business are based on the original scale of enterprises development by Joel Harmon (2009),
Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) and Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and
Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and new adjustment results through qualitative research scale to
suit the situation of fishery enterprises sustainable development in Bac Lieu.
In short, the external and internal elements that impact sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises are measured by the observed variables, symbols and coding of the measured variables
(table below):


Scale factors inside and outside the enterprise, sustainable development scale fisheries
businesses:
Type

Symbol

Names

EF

External factors of enterprises

F1

Customers

F2

Market Trend

F3

Lack of Stakeholder Demand

F4

State policy support

F5
IF
F6
F7
F8
Independent
variables
Dependent
variables

F9
Y

Observed variables
(Symbol)
Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is
measured through the 5 elements.
The observed variables to measure;
denoted C: C1 to C4
The observed variables to measure;
denoted MT: từ MT1 đến MT4

The observed variables to measure;
denoted LSD: từ LSD1 đến LSD4

The observed variables to measure;
denoted SPS: từ SPS1 đến SPS4
Social Security
The observed variables to measure;
denoted SS: từ SS1 đến SS4
Internal factors of enterprises
Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is
measured through 4 elements.
Workforce
The observed variables to measure;
denoted WI: từ WI1 đến WI4
Owner
The observed variables to measure;
denoted M: từ M1 đến M4
Product Liability
The observed variables to measure;
denoted PL: từ PL1 đến PL3
Environmental
Pollution The observed variables to measure;
Prevention
denoted PEP: từ PEP1 đến PEP3
Sustainable Development of The observed variables to measure;
Enterprises
denoted SDE: từ SDE1 đến SDE5

The corporate form of ownership: the scale is the scale level identifiers have a choice
questions.

Forms of business ownership, denoted SHDN; Corporation, observed coding variations: 1;
Limited company, coding variation observed: 2; Private enterprises, encryption observed variables: 3
3.4 The theoretical model for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu


13
The proposed elements group, external factors group (EF) from F1 to F5, and internal
elements within the group (IF) from F6 to F9 according to (Table 3.13) above. The regression equation
takes the following form: Y = f (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9).
Y = b1F1 + b2F2+ b3F3+ b4F4 + b5F5 + b6F6+ b7F7 + b8F8 + b9F9 + ε
Whereas: ε: residual; Ball: regression coefficient; F1: Client; F2: market trends; F3: Lack of
stakeholder needs; F4: The policy of state support; F5: Social Security; F6: workforce (employees);
F7: The manager (owner); F8: Product Responsibility; F9: pollution prevention; Y: sustainable
development enterprises enterprises of Bac Lieu.
3.5 Conclusion
The results build scale for 9 factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
in Bac Lieu province, and are measured by 39 observed variables (or called the 39 criteria) and are
calculated according to calculation of 9 elements in order to analyze the multiple regression model. In
chapter 4, we analyze the results of theoretical models proposed for the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu.
Chapter 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
Chapter 4 is presented as follows: The first stage of section 4.2 is the descriptive analysis of
business ownership form and operational forms of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu to answer
questions. The second phase, the data analysis is done in section 4.3 Results of suggested theoretical
models for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu. The third stage, 4.4.
results conclusion. Finally conclusion
4.2 Descriptive Analysis
The results of descriptive questions describing business ownership and type of activity of

fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu answered questions.
4.2.1 Business Ownership
Percentage of respondents in the study working in businesses with ownership limited liability
company (Ltd) accounted for 50.70% quite high; joint stock Company accounted for 16.70% and
private enterprises accounted for 32.60%. The data show that the rate also reflects the actual number
of enterprises classified by type of ownership in Bac Lieu province.
4.2.2Fisheries enterprises
Fisheries enterprises focus on the business sectors listed in the study of the thesis. In which the
respondents working in the seafood processing sector accounted for 43.20% of export; the field of
seafood processing accounted for 15.90%; wholesale food sector and fisheries business accounted for
14.10%. Therefore, the study listed under all three sectors accounted for 26.90%.
4.2.3 Average of the observed variables
The survey results of 227 enterprises on sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac
Lieu are shown in Table 4.3 to 39 observed variables (criteria) are rearranged in order from lowest to
the highest agreement. Level of assessment from "totally disagree" = 1 to "totally agree" = 5, the
criteria manager respondents rated at an average of 2.10 to 3.91. This shows that, with the criteria
given for the survey of sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu, the business


14
managers only answer more than level of agreement (not totally agree). The observed variables have a
standard deviation 0539 to 0955.
4.3 Result of proposed theoretical model of sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in
Bac Lieu
4.3.1 Analysis results of Cronbach's alpha scale
Analytical results of observed variables in Cronbach's alpha scale is presented with the results
of the coefficient Cronbach's alpha of the scale coefficient Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.60, and the
correlation coefficient variation - general are satisfactory (greater than 0:30); with Cronbach's alpha
results table below.
Table: Summary of elements analysis and Cronbach's alpha

No
Symbol of
Factors
factors
EF
External factors
1
C
Customer
2
MT
Market trends
3
LSD
Lack of stakeholders demand
4
SPS
State support policy
5
SS
Social security
IF
Internal factors
1
WI
Workforce
2
M
Manager
3

PL
Product liability
4
PEP
Prevention of environmental pollution
SDE
Sustainable development of enterprises

Cronbach’s alpha
scale
0.929
0.905
0.918
0.875
0.841
0.733
0.768
0.833
0.669
0.836

Source: handling research results of the author
Reviews Results Cronbach's alpha scale internal and external factors of the enterprise than the
original scale research was previously tested (in Section 3.3 Construction scale, Chapter 3. Research
Design). This result indicates that the internal and external factors relevant in explaining the
development of sustainable fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu. Thus, the Cronbach's coefficient alpha
and scale the correlation coefficient variation - general requirements are achieved (Appendix 4.1).
4.3.1.3 The results of factor scale analysis of fisheries enterprises sustainable development by
Cronbach's alpha
Analytical results of Cronbach's alpha scale of sustainable development of fisheries

enterprises with Cronbach's coefficient results 0.836 is satisfactory. The total coefficient correlation of
variation is also greater than 0.30 and the smallest total coefficient correlation variable - is 0.464
(SDE2. The profit achieved as desired by the enterprises) and the coefficient correlation variables - is
0.743 (SDE3. market share was stable and the expected expansion of the business). Thus, the
Cronbach's coefficient alpha and scale the correlation coefficient variation - general requirements are
achieved.
4.3.2 Results of explore factors scales analysis EFA
EFA factor analysis results show that scale with extract factor is satisfactory, extracted
variance is greater than 50% and the weighted factors are largely greater than 0.50, with the weighted
index factors are greater than 12.50, results stop at 9 when criticized by factors Eigenvalue 1.290
(value ≥ 1) and extract = 75.348% variance and factor analysis results exploring EFA (Appendix 5.1).


15
The analysis result of sustainable development factors of seafood enterprises exploring EFA
shows satisfactory scale with extracted factor, extracted variance greater than 50% and the weighted
factors are larger majority 0.50, with only target weighting factors are greater than 0.50, the result
stops at 1 when criticized by factors Eigenvalue 1.290 (value ≥ 1) and extract = 75.348% variance and
factor analysis results exploring EFA (sub Contents 5.2).
In summary, the results of analysis of Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis discovered EFA,
with the original theory laid out five key factors are measured through 9 elements (from F1 to F9),
with 9 elements put to test in a multiple regression model.
4.3.3 The results of suggested theoretical models for the sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises in Bac Lieu
4.3.3.1 The test results theoretical models
(1) Analysis of average and standard deviation
According to the results of the treatment set in the table 4.10 shows that the average value of
the factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu ranged from
2.621 to 3.581 with a scale from 1 to 5 and standard deviation from 0.5619 to 0.8546 (below 1). The
meaning of the standard deviation is a value representing the degree of convergence or energy

dispersion of a set of data, the standard deviation of 0.5619 to 0.8546 represents a data set with a small
standard deviation and it proves that the data have high similarity in general.
(2) Testing of the study model
To estimate the parameters in the model, the factors affecting the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises are calculated according to the calculation of the internal and external elements
(from F1 to F9) of the independent variable measuring these factors and calculated way scoring factor
for sustainable development of fishery enterprises (dependent variable Y). In the case of this thesis,
research student calculated using factor scores to perform analysis of multivariate regression equation.
Regression equation used ordinary least squares method with concurrent model (Enter)
through SPSS statistical software. Fellows used calculation method selected targets in test regression
assumptions including: the phenomenon of multicollinearity (VIF <2:20); White test with significance
level of p> 0.05 (95% confidence level) to ensure there are no multicollinearity phenomenon and the
phenomenon of variance changes do not appear.
(3) Inspection of the suitability of the model
- The level of explanation of the model
Based on the internal and external factors research, including 9 factors affecting sustainable
development and fisheries business model also has relevance request for correction factor R2adj =
0.412 the interpretation of the internal and external factors that impact the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu. In other words, the adjustment coefficient R2adj = 41.2% is the
degree to explain the internal and external elements (the variable degrees up) affects sustainable
development of fishery enterprise in Bac Lieu (dependent variable) , a correction factor varies from 0
to 1 (100%).
Assumptions about the independence of the remainder also reflected in violation DurbinWatson coefficient by 1.785 range from 1 to 3, concluded the model without residual autocorrelation.
According to Chu Nguyen Mong Hoang Trong and Jade (2008), if 1 residual autocorrelation, if 0

16
model concluded with negative autocorrelation. Thus, we can conclude the independence of the
remainder was secured.

- Check the suitability of the model
To test the relevance of the linear regression model, we use the value multiples analysis
ANOVA F. Since the value F = 18,609 and Sig. = 0.000, so we can confirm the pattern exists or
existed relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable on the overall. With
Sig results. = 0.000 <0.01 means that the independent variables (internal and external factors) has a
linear correlation with the dependent variable (sustainable aquaculture enterprises) with a confidence
level of 99%. Thus, sustainable development model of enterprises in Bac Lieu fit the actual data of the
market.
(4) Inspection of the regression coefficient of the model
Actual results from the study showed that the internal and external elements impact on
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu, including F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8,
F9 and the results of testing the regression coefficient of the model are satisfied with the reliability of
95% (p <0.05). Regression coefficient of factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises is showed in the following table.
Source: handling research results of the author
The results give the priority, or the magnitude of the elements in order of priority from high to low
Affecting
Unstandardized
Standardized
Collinearity
factors
Coefficients
Coefficients
Statistics
T
Significant
value
Sig.
B
Std.

Tolerance
VIF
Error
Beta

Constant

-2.601

.051

F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9

.148
.187
.176
.229
.332
.302
.222
.162
.136

.051
.051
.051
.051
.051
.051
.051
.051
.051

.148
.187
.176
.229
.332
.302
.222
.162
.136

impact (1 to 9) as follows:
1) F5: Social Security; b5 = .332
2) F6: workforce (employees); b6 = .302
3) F4: The policy of state support; b4 = .229
4) F7: The manager (owner); b7 = .222
5) F2: market trends; b2 = .187
6) F3: Lack of stakeholder needs; b3 = .176
7) F8: Product Responsibility; b8 = .162
8) F1: Customer; b1 = .148

.000

1.000

2.894
3.664
3.456
4.484
6.506
5.927
4.348
3.180
2.674

.004
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.008

.862
.823
.692
.868
.892

.766
.733
.825
.957

1.160
1.215
1.445
1.152
1.121
1.306
1.364
1.212
1.045


17
9) F9: pollution prevention; b9 = .136
The content regression analysis with selected reliability is 90% corresponding to the selected
variables with statistically significant at the p <0.05; Results showed that all variables correspond to
the request, but if increased reliability is selected up to 95% (p <0.05) and model ensuring satisfaction.
Check the fit of the model shows that the phenomenon is not committed multicollinearity (VIF <2:20)
Appendix 6. Analytical results are consistent with the results of research carried out in the quantitative
study, equation regression takes the following form:
(5) standardized regression equation has the form
Y = .148F1 +.187F2 +.176F3 + .229F4 + .332F5 +.302F6 + .222F7 +.162F8 + .136F9
(6) Inspection of constant residual variance
Inspection variance remainder unchanged (Accreditation Spearman's rho), all the elements
from the F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9 results have significance level (Sig.) greater than .005
(table 4:13). Specifically with significance level Sig. (.515; .217; .759; .526; .254; .539; .217; .688;

.511). Thus Spearman's rho test showed constant residual variance.
(7) The results of testing the unchanged chart remainder frequency
The testing normal distribution of residuals as frequency chart of standardized residuals and
frequency chart Histogram. Observe the frequency chart showing the remainder of the surplus
distribution approximately normal because the average value Mean = 0 (very small) and standard
deviation = 0.98 ie almost Std.Dev 1. It can be concluded that the author normal distribution theory are
not violated, that is the remainder upon under the normal distribution.
(8) The test results of chart standardized regression residuals
The results of the benchmark test the remainder of the organization chart as in the standard PP diagram. Thus, the residual value is very close to the expected value normal distribution, skewed
probability graph of standards is unacceptable.
(9) The results of research models
The research results in part quantified based on theories of qualitative research results,
including internal and external factors now can be measured through 9 factors affecting sustainable
development of seafood business.
F1

Customer

F2

F3

F4

Market trends

Lack of stakeholder
needs

State support policy

b2 = .187

b3 = .176

b1 = .148

b4 = .229

F5

Social security

b5 = .332

EXTERNAL FACTORS

EF

Phát triển bền vững doanh
nghiệp thủy sản
Y

INTERNAL FACTORS

IF
b6 = .302

b7 = .222

b8 = .162

b9 = .136

Workforce

Manager/Owner

Product liability

Environmental pollution
prevention

F6

F7

F8

F9

Model: The results suggest theoretical models of sustainable development fishery enterprises
in Bac Lieu


18
4.3.3.2 The test results differ (ANOVA)
Analysis results with ANOVA Sig. = 0.000 <0.05 concludes that: There are differences with
statistical significance of the level of sustainable development of aquaculture enterprises Lieu of
groups of different ownership forms.

Table: Results of test ANOVA
Sum of
Groups
Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Between Groups
5.062
2
2.531
8.595
.000
Within Groups
65.960
224
.294
Total
71.022
226
Continue testing the Post Hoc: For the star (*) in the figure are Sig. less than 0:05. When
looking at Sig column. 1 I saw the value <0.05, the conclusion: There are significant differences in the
level statistics sustainable development fishery enterprises Lieu of groups of different ownership
forms. Group 1 consists Co. and private enterprise; Group two consisted of JSC and private enterprise;
Group 3 consists of JSC and Company Limited.
Table: Results of testing the Post Hoc
Mean
Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval

(I) SHDN
(J) SHDN
Sig.
Difference (IJ)

1

*

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

2
.3951945
.1292997
.011
.074415
.715974
3
.4068279*
.1407911
.016
.061014
.752642
2
1
-.3951945*
.1292997
.011

-.715974
-.074415
3
.0116334
.0781478
.998
-.177599
.200866
3
1
-.4068279*
.1407911
.016
-.752642
-.061014
2
-.0116334
.0781478
.998
-.200866
.177599
The external and internal factors are the impact of the way to sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu and standardized regression coefficient has positive sign (+), with a
significance level of P = 0:00. Summary results of hypothetical factors affecting sustainable
development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu
Hypothesis
Factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries
Results
enterprises
External factors

Customer has positive impact relationship on sustainable
Accepted
H1
development of fisheries enterprises
Market trends have a positive impact relationship to
Accepted
H2
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
Lack of stakeholder needs has a positive impact relationship
Accepted
H3
to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
State support policies have a positive impact relationship to
Accepted
H4
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
Social Security has a positive impact relationship to
Accepted
H5
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
Internal factors
Workforce has a positive impact relationship to sustainable
Accepted
H6
development of fisheries enterprises
The manager/owner has a positive impact relationship to
Accepted
H7
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
Product liability has a positive impact relationship to

Accepted
H8
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
Prevention of environmental pollution has a positive impact
Accepted
H9
relationship to sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises


19
4.4 Findings discussion of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
in Bac Lieu
(1) Social Security (F5)
F5 factors, the coefficient b5 = 0.332 and has positive impact with variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives assessed
contributions fund "Social Security" at the local level rise 1 point, the impact on the sustainable
development of aquaculture enterprises increased by 0.332 points (implying a normalized correlation
is 0.332); with an average assessment = 2,727 and a standard deviation of 0.6753. It considered the
new elements to be discovered and added to the theoretical model.
(2) The labor force (F6)
F6 factors, the coefficient b6 = 0.302 and has positive impact with variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives evaluate
"labor force" increased by 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development of aquaculture
enterprises increased by 0.302 points (corresponding to the correlation coefficient normalized is
0.302); with an average assessment = 2.947 and the standard deviation is 0.5619
(3) The policy of state support (F4)
F4 factors, the coefficient b4 = 0.229 and has positive impact the variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives
evaluated if "policy of state support" rose 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development

of aquaculture enterprises increased by 0.229 points (corresponding correlation coefficients is the
normalized 0.229); with an average assessment = 3,203 and a standard deviation of 0.7427
(4) The manager/owner (F7)
Factors F7, coefficient b7 = 0.222 and has positive impact with variable Y (Sustainable development
of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives evaluated if "Manager
/ Owner" rose 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises
increased by 0.222 points (corresponding to the coefficients normalized correlation is 0.222); with an
average assessment = 2621 and the standard deviation is 0.6498
(5) Market Trends (F2)
Factor F2, coefficient b2 = 0.187 and has positive impact with variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives assess if
there is a change "market trend" increased 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development
of aquaculture enterprises increased by 0.187 points (corresponding to the coefficients normalized
correlation is 0.187)); with an average assessment = 2,269 and a standard deviation of 0.7660
(6) Lack of stakeholder needs (F3)
Factor F3, with coefficients b3 = 0.176 and has positive impact with variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives assess if
there is a change the relationship between the partners in the business, "Lack of stakeholder needs"
increased by 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development of enterprises seafood
increased 0176 points (corresponding to the correlation coefficient is normalized 0.176); with an
average assessment = 2.824 and the standard deviation is 0.7132
(7) Product liability (F8)


20
F8 factors, the coefficient b8 = 0162 and has positive impact with the variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives assess if
there is a change "Product Liability" rose 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development of
aquaculture enterprises increased by 0.162 points (corresponding to the coefficients normalized
correlation is 0.162); with an average assessment = 2,811 and a standard deviation of 0.6614

(8) Customers (F1)
Factor F1, coefficient b1 = 0.148 and has positive impact with the variable Y (Sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives assess if
there is a change, "Customer" increased 1 point, the level of its impact on sustainable development of
aquaculture enterprises increased by 0.148 points (corresponding to the correlation coefficient
normalized as 0.148); with an average assessment = 3.273 and the standard deviation is 0.8546
(9) Prevention of environmental pollution (F9)
F9 factors, the coefficient b9 = 0.136 and has positive impact with the variable Y (Sustainable
development of fishseries enterprises in Bac Lieu). When the seafood business representatives
evaluate if any changes concern "pollution prevention" rose 1 point, the level of its impact on
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises increased by 0.136 points (relative corresponding
correlation coefficient is normalized 0.136); with an average assessment = 3.581 and the standard
deviation is 0.6492
4.4 Conclusion
According to research results of the thesis, the sustainable development of fishery enterprises
in Bac Lieu is measured by 39 observed variables (or called the 39 criteria) and are calculated
according to the calculation of 9 elements in order to analyze a multiple regression model. Results of
regression analysis show that 9 factors are affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises.
This is the implication for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu in the near
future.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
FISHERIES ENTERPRISES IN BAC LIEU
5.1 Overview
The main objective of the thesis is to discover, adjust the scale and add new components to the
enterprise sustainable development as the enterprises’ internal and external factors. The contribution of
theoretical models and meaningful research will help policy builders, the local authorities, fisheries
enterprises, as well as references for other business sector research.
5.2 Results and new contributions of the thesis
The research results of this thesis consist of two main components, measurement models and

theoretical models.
5.2.1 Results of measurement model
Results model of multiple regression analysis showed consistent patterns with market research
in Bac Lieu province. From the results of research to draw some comments below:
First, in terms of research methods, this thesis will contribute to research and sustainable
development systems for fisheries enterprises in Vietnam by building some new observations of
variable scale and expertise in the market of Bac Lieu province.


21
Second, the researchers in the field of sustainable development of Vietnam enterprises can
use, modify and supplement the measurement scale for sustainable development for its research in
various fields of business.
Finally, the results of the measurement model in this study contribute to stimulate other
researchers in the field of scientific development as the field of sustainable development in general,
fisheries enterprises and other business sectors in particular.
5.2.2 The theoretical research model
Test results show that the theoretical models fit market information in Bac Lieu province, as
well as the acceptance of the internal and external elements that impact sustainable development of
fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu, and 9 factors were achieved statistical significance as the hypothesis
proposed in this study, while giving some practical significance for many different audiences.
As stated in the theory, once businesses have sustainable development, the development of
ability is now a continuous, long-term, and do not cause harmful effects for difficult recovery in other
sectors.
Along with the process of integration and sustainable development, fisheries businesses are
increasingly concerned and aware of the importance of the existence and rapid development and
sustainability.
Finally, the theoretical model of sustainable development of fisheries enterprises have
contributed to supplement the theory system of enterprises’ sustainable development.
5.3 Implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

5.3.1 The implications for sustainable development of seafood business
Sustainable development of fisheries businesses are sectors of producing goods, with
prestigious brands, have high competitiveness in the international economic integration, based on
promoting the advantages of an industry - exploiting the advantages of the fisheries and seafood
processing, create a synchronous development, the growing contribution to economic and social
development - in Bac Lieu and also in the Mekong delta.
5.3.2 The implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu
5.3.2.1 Social security
Research results show that quantitative social security first impact on sustainable development
of fisheries enterprises, with b5 = 33.2% ratio, the average assessment is 2.727 and the standard
deviation is 0.6753. Social security is measured through 4 observed variables, this study has shed light
on a seafood business performed well the social security it will impact on the sustainable development
of enterprises in the future again. Therefore, for the seafood business, it’s time to perform the work of
the social security fund contributions in the community as follows:
- Give scholarships for poor and studious students;
- Contribute to build houses;
- Contribute for charity program (heart surgery for child, HIV disease, serious diseases);
- Contribute to poverty alleviation programs and social activities in local areas.
5.3.2.2 Workforce
Research quantitative results show that work force impact the sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises, with 30.2% coefficient = b6, rated as average of 2.947 and standard deviation is


22
0.5619. Research results show that seafood businesses with sustainable development should focus on
elements of the workforce to have some following orientation:
- Improve employee morale, engagement and commitment of consistent business regulations
- Ensure the health and safety of workers
- Seek solutions for a successor workforce
- There should be policies to attract and retain diverse talent

5.3.2.3 The state support policy
Research quantitative results show that policy of state support impact sustainable development
of fisheries enterprises, with 22.9% coefficient b4 =, the average assessment is 3.203 and the standard
deviation is 0.7427. Hint sustainable development solutions for seafood business in Bac Lieu
Province, central and local policies should be supported for the following businesses:
- Support Market Access (domestic and foreign) from local and central
- Support from local and national tax policy
- Exchange rate policy should have long-term stable policy to limit the impact of changes in
exchange rates (USD over VND) resulting risks to business operations.
- Facilitate to give businesses access to favorable investment promotion policies of local and
central seafood.
5.3.2.4 The manager/owner
The quantitative results showed research manager/owner impact sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises, with 22.2% coefficient = b7, rated as average of 2.621 and standard deviation is
0.6498 . However, to help the manager/owner to implement sustainable development fishery
businesses in the near future, regardless of the following issues:
- Raise the level of knowledge and experience to guide sustainable development to business
- The owner / manager should put their trust toward sustainable development
- Need attention on spending an expense of sustainable development oriented businesses
- There should be specific costs for providing safe working conditions for sustainable
development oriented businesses.
5.3.2.5 Market trends
Research quantitative results show that market trends impact sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises, b2 = coefficient of 18.7%, the average assessment is 2269 and the standard
deviation is 0.7660. The seafood enterprises of Bac Lieu province continue to implement the following
issues:
- Maintain traditional markets and develop new markets through initiatives of sustainable
development.
- Improve customer satisfaction and loyalty current through sustainable development
initiatives

- Encourage suppliers to use management practices to enhance sustainability
- Provide products and services in domestic and export good.
5.3.2.6 Lack of stakeholders demand
Research quantitative results show that a lack of stakeholder needs have impact to sustainable
development of fisheries enterprises, with b3 = 17.6% ratio, the average assessment is 2.824 and the


23
standard deviation is 0.7132. To help enterprises of Bac Lieu Seafood have sustainable development,
we should focus on using issues needs of the following stakeholders:
- Promote the innovative spirit of the managers and employees in order to create demand from
specific ideas about what to do the business
- Exploit demand from the supplier to the enterprise
- Study the needs of consumers and customers
- Exploit demand from managers and employees
5.3.2.7 Product Responsibility
Research quantitative results show that product liability impact sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises, with coefficient b8 = 16.2%, the average assessment is 2.811 and the standard
deviation is 0.6614. The seafood enterprises in the future should focus on product liability issues as
follows:
- The products and services show full content labeling required under state law.
- Comply with state regulations for quality management systems relating to products and
services by each product category.
- Products and services supplied to consumers must be guaranteed for the health and safety of
customers.
5.3.2.8 Customer
Research quantitative results show that customers factor impact sustainable development of
fisheries enterprises, with coefficient b1 = 14.8%, the average assessment is 3.273 and the standard
deviation is 0.8546. The seafood enterprises in the near future to focus on customer issues as follows:
- Reduce customer pressure of requirements of product’s quality and service

- Reduce the pressure on customer services, quality assurance
- Attract new customers towards sustainable development.
- Reduce risk through diversification of customers.
5.3.2.9 Regarding pollution prevention
Research quantitative results show that customers impact sustainable development of fisheries
enterprises, with coefficient b9 =13.6%, rated as average is 3.581 and standard deviation is 0.6492.
From the research results, in the next time, the seafood business performs well in the prevention of
environmental pollution, as follows:
- Reduce pollution from production at first, the business of enterprises
- Waste, sewage and waste disposal in accordance with state regulations on environment
- Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.
5.4 General conclusions
The aim of this thesis is to find out internal and external factors that have direct impact on
sustainable development of fisheries enterprises operating in Bac Lieu province. The results of the
analysis model studies have the following meanings:
First, in terms of research methods, this thesis will contribute to research and development
systems for sustainable fisheries enterprises in Vietnam by building a number of internal and external
factors through enterprises measurement scale and testing in Bac Lieu market.


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Second, the researchers in the field of sustainable development of Vietnam enterprises can
use, modify and supplement the scales of measuring sustainable development firms for their research
in the field of other enterprises together.
Third, social security elements are part of the scale, the new additions to the theoretical
research model, the results from the analysis confirmed that the newly added components meet the
requirements of the study, as initial theories set out.
From the analytical results, the implications if the measurement shows a potential concept
(variable) by many observed variables (measuring variables) will increase the value and reliability of
measurement not necessarily be measured measuring some observed variables used in this study.

Fourth, differences in the level of sustainable development aquaculture enterprises Lieu of
groups of different forms of ownership: Group 1 consists Co. and private enterprise; Group two
consisted of JSC and private enterprise; Group 3 consists of JSC and Company Limited. This section
helps investors more concerned about ownership before the establishment of the enterprise.
Finally, the results of the measurement model in this study contribute to stimulate other
researchers in the field of science in developing sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in
general and other business sectors in particular.
5.5 Recommendations for State
Central and local authorities support the implementation of the State responsible, such as:
impact of changes in exchange rates (USD over VND) resulting risks to business operations;
Convenient access from investment promotion policies of local seafood and central; Support access to
markets (domestic and foreign) from local and national; Support from local taxation and central.
5.6 Some limitation of the research
Firstly, this thesis carried out at the market of Bac Lieu province, so the ability to generalize
the findings is not high, if the study is repeated in a number of markets such as the Delta Mekong or
some regions, large cities in Vietnam.
Secondly, the results of this thesis study focus only on considering the internal and external
impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province, many other factors
contribute to the impact. But this issue is more oriented for subsequent studies of other topics.


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LIST OF PUBLISHED RESEARCHES RELATING TO THE THESIS
1. Phan Van Dan, 2012. Construction of scale enterprise for sustainable development. Scientific
Journal of Can Tho University, No. 23b, pages 222-223.
2. Phan Van Dan, 2012. The model of sustainable development enterprises. Scientific Journal of Can
Tho University, No. 24b, pages 283-293.